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The Second Southern Science Conference brought together international researchers focused on health and diseases. The event featured expert lectures across various fields, including cell biology, neurobiology, immunology, and pharmacology. Notable presentations covered new tools for cell biology research, such as the RUSH and RUCH systems, which enable studying protein trafficking in cells. In microbiology, key topics included antibiotic resistance and bacterial and viral infections. In neurobiology, researchers presented advances in treating neurodegenerative diseases, including the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery. The conference also addressed immunology issues, such as COVID-19 vaccination effects, and aspects of diet in cell physiology. The event concluded with a lecture on academic entrepreneurship, demonstrating how research can be transformed into commercial products. The conference, hosted at the Universidad de Mendoza, provided a unique opportunity for sharing scientific knowledge and advances in healthcare, with the next edition scheduled for 2026. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumo As parasitoses humanas como: malária, leishmanioses, doença de Chagas e tricomoníase são causadas por protozoários e apresentam elevadas taxas de prevalência e morbimortalidade. Apesar dos números alarmantes, essas doenças, ainda são negligenciadas, recebendo pouca atenção no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos e, portanto, o combate dessas enfermidades permanece um objetivo a ser alcançado. A pesquisa básica tem um papel fundamental para compreensão dos mecanismos celulares e moleculares na busca por novos alvos terapêuticos. Nesse contexto, esta revisão reúne as principais vias celulares que os protozoários Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi e Trichomonas vaginalis utilizam para estabelecer a infecção e causar patogenicidade. Os mecanismos celulares descritos incluem: (i) adesão, invasão e saída da célula hospedeira, (ii) evasão da resposta imune do hospedeiro, (iii) comunicação celular mediada por vesículas extracelulares, (iv) peptidases e metabolismo redox, (v) morte celular e inflamassomas. De forma geral, estudos avançados têm identificado proteínas, enzimas e receptores, em nível molecular, que desempenham papéis fundamentais no estabelecimento de infecção e, portanto, constituem-se como potenciais novos alvos terapêuticos para o tratamento, diagnóstico e desenvolvimento de vacinas para controlar e erradicar essas parasitoses. Abstract The human parasitic diseases such as: malaria, Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and trichomoniasis are caused by protozoa and present high rates of prevalence and morbimortality. However, despite the alarming numbers, these diseases are neglected, receiving little attention in the development of new drugs and, therefore, the fight against these diseases remains a goal to be achieved. Basic research plays a fundamental role in understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms in the search for new therapeutic targets. In this context, this review brings together the main cellular pathways that the protozoa Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis use to establish infection and cause pathogenicity. The cellular mechanisms described herein include: (i) host cell adhesion, invasion, and egress, (ii) host immune response evasion, (iii) cell communication mediated by extracellular vesicles; (iv) peptidases and redox metabolism, (v) cell death and inflammasomes. In general, advanced studies have identified proteins, enzymes, receptors at the molecular level, which play key roles in the establishment of infection and, therefore, represents potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment, diagnosis and development of vaccines to control and eradicate these parasitic diseases.

O Módulo Mínimo de um Laboratório de Citologia é apresentado neste trabalho. Os setores laboratoriais descritos visam seu adequado funcionamento. Além da composição de pessoal de nível profissional e administrativo, o trabalho enfatiza o mecanismo de controle de qualidade elos requisitos necessários ao credenciamento de um laboratório como entidade prestadora de serviços médicos.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of neoplasms of the mammary gland, specifically of the female canines that consulted during a period of 20 months, between the years 2019 and 2020. Variables such as race, age, reproductive condition of patients and malignancy of neoplasms were taken into account. The medical records database of the VETUSAM veterinary clinic was used. From a universe of 144 neoplastic processes that presented to the outpatient clinic, only 75 tumors were considered that met the characteristic that they were evaluated histopathologically. By non-probabilistic sampling, 27 neoplasms that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Among the results, it was observed that the mestizo female canines were the most affected with 48.15%, and the age in which the greatest presence of tumors was registered was between the ranges of 5 to 10 years. Seventy-four percent presented characteristics of malignant tumors, with mammary carcinoma being the most frequent histopathological type with 44.44%, followed by metastatic cancer with 22%. The total of the participating canines were entire females, but there were no exact data on the non-occurrence of births or females with multiple births, so this criterion was not incorporated in this study. Of the patients treated, 81.48% did not receive any type of treatment additional to the surgical removal of the neoplasms; therefore, this research aimed to formulate recommendations that can serve as a guide in the management of neoplasms in the mammary glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La colposcopia en sí sola, no forma parte del proceso de pesquisa; pero constituye un elemento esencial que unido a la citología contribuyen al diagnóstico precoz de las lesiones del cérvix uterino. Uno de los logros de la medicina preventiva es la detección temprana del cáncer uterino. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la colposcopia en el diagnóstico de las lesiones cervicales, en pacientes sintomáticas atendidas en consulta de patología benigna de cérvix. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y retrospectiva en 332 pacientes estudiadas por colposcopia, en consulta de patología benigna del cérvix. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, síntomas como: la leucorrea, la coitorragia, la coitalgia, el sangramiento irregular, fuera del ciclo menstrual; hallazgos histológicos y hallazgos colposcópico. Resultados: Predominaron las pacientes entre los 35 y 44 años en el 28.3 %. Sobresalió como síntomas la leucorrea persistente en el 47.2 % y la coitorragia en el 22.5 %. Prevalecieron los hallazgos colposcópicos normales, en el 58.7 %, se mostró una coincidencia con los resultados histológicos obtenidos por biopsias se detectó en el 52.3 % lesión de bajo grado, fueron tratadas con el método de electrocoagulación en el 51.1 % y la radiocirugía se prescribió, en las lesiones de alto grado. Conclusiones: Se puede concluir que la colposcopia es una prueba necesaria y de alta confiabilidad para el diagnóstico de las lesiones cervicales, en pacientes sintomáticas.

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Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A utilização de ferramentas didáticas possui grande relevância no ensino de Biologia, pois a disciplina apresenta conteúdos complexos e muitas nomenclaturas específicas por vezes desconhecidas pelos alunos. Este estudo buscou analisar as potencialidades dos recursos didáticos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos de Citologia. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa. Os participantes foram onze professores de Biologia de três escolas estaduais de um município da região do extremo sul da Bahia. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi o questionário e os dados foram analisados de acordo com a metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicam a potencialidade dos recursos didáticos para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos de Citologia e apontam alguns desafios na sua utilização, como a indisponibilidade de ferramentas didáticas nas instituições pesquisadas, bem como a falta de tempo para preparo dos materiais, apontando uma carência das escolas na distribuição de recursos adequados para uso do professor.

Um dos conceitos mais importantes para a organização do conhecimento científico é o de “célula”. Devido ao caráter microscópico dessas estruturas e à necessidade de abstração para a sua compreensão, a Biologia Celular é um dos conteúdos de mais difícil compreensão pelos alunos. Para superar tais barreiras, atividades de caráter lúdico reduzem a passividade e facilitam a assimilação de conceitos e processos. A produção de “células comestíveis” é uma conhecida estratégia no ensino de Citologia. Nesse trabalho, propomos a utilização do formato de um programa de competição culinária na escola, em adição a essa ferramenta. A metodologia foi aplicada a uma turma de alunos do 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, estimulando a integração de conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais.

El surgimiento y desarrollo de los métodos de estudio anatomopatológicos guarda una estrecha relación con el desarrollo científico- técnico alcanzado por la sociedad. Los métodos tradicionales empleados para el estudio anatomopatológico de las enfermedades se han enriquecido con las nuevas tecnologías, lo que ha favorecido su conocimiento más profundo, en particular el de las neoplasias, una de las primeras causas de muerte en Cuba y en el mundo. En el presente trabajo se hace una panorámica sobre el desarrollo histórico de estos diferentes métodos y su impacto en los procesos de asistencia y educación médica. Se hace una reflexión sobre la necesidad de fortalecer la formación para el uso adecuado del método clínico y para la indicación justificada e interpretación acertada de los resultados de los exámenes que, de manera tradicional, han hecho posible el diagnóstico y la valoración del pronóstico y la terapéutica, evitando de esta manera el uso irracional de otras tecnologías que encarecen la asistencia médica.

Copyright of Pixel-Bit, Revista de Medios y Educacion is the property of Pixel-Bit, Revista de Medios y Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cellular microstructural changes due to ultrasound exposure are critical to understand and characterize in order to further the establishment of ultrasonics in cell and tissue engineering and medicine. In this study, neurite length, nuclear morphology, and cellular toxicity are assessed at varying intensities of 92 kHz ultrasound provided by a piezoceramic disk element and incident upon SHSY5Y neurons in vitro. Findings suggest that stimulation increases neurite length up to 2.73 fold tested at a = 0.05 in an intensity dependent manner. Additionally, stimulation causes a statistically significant (a = 0.05) decrease in nuclear area and less elongated nuclei, by 1.78 fold and 1.38 fold respectively, also in an intensity dependent manner. For maximum transducer surface intensities ranging from 0 to 39.11 W/cm2, the toxicity of 92 kHz ultrasound is assessed and a nontoxic range is determined using Caspase-3 and Annexin V staining, in addition to Calcium imaging via Calcein-AM staining. Intensities of up to 1.6 W/cm2 are found to be nontoxic for the cells under the parameters used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Extensão em Foco is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Brazil, although access to education is guaranteed by law, the inclusion of disabled people in the educational system is not occurring at the necessary speed, either due to lack of educational resources or lack of adequate training of educators. The extension project Democratization of the teaching of morphological sciences: promoting accessibility for visually impaired people aims to research and develop adequate didactic material, low of cost, and easy to reproduce, for the teaching of cellular biology and histology to the visually impaired. The tactile matrices, forms of representing structures with the use of materials with different textures and reliefs, were the didactic tools chosen. At present, tactile matrices of various cells of biological tissues are being made and tested. The results obtained will be published with the confection of an atlas of morphology and the creation of the electronic website of the project.

En el presente artículo se presenta una secuencia de enseñanza y aprendizaje sobre la división celular mitótica para estudiantes de educación secundaria, la cual contiene como apoyo tecnológico una aplicación móvil de realidad aumentada (RA). El objetivo fue promover la visualización del proceso de la división mitótica y con ello promover explicaciones más robustas y complejas evaluadas mediante una clave de niveles de representación. Las actividades propuestas tuvieron por objeto que los participantes fueran capaces de describir, relacionar, explicar e interpretar las diferentes fases de la división celular mitótica. La metodología se sustenta en un diseño preexperimental. Los datos recolectados (n= 162) corresponden a las producciones de los estudiantes (dibujos), que forman parte de las actividades de la secuencia, los cuales son comparados con una matriz de niveles de representación. Los resultados parecen indicar que, a lo largo de la secuencia, las producciones elaboradas por los participantes transitan desde representaciones iniciales que se corresponden con una descripción icónica del proceso hacia representaciones que contienen una mayor carga semántica y semiótica.

The world population is going through an obesity epidemic that has severe consequences for the health system. This study focused on studying hepatic mitochondria in obese animals induced by a high-fat (HF) diet and used the model-based stereology in electron micrographs for the quantitative study. Besides, the gene expressions of molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt 1a), mitochondrial transcription factor a (Tfam), uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp 3), and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf 1) were analyzed. The HF diet caused a weight gain of +1820 % comparing the control group (C) with the HF group (from 0.32±0.31 g to 5.5±0.39 g, P<0.001). The HF group showed fat droplets in the hepatocyte cytoplasm (steatosis) and less dense and large mitochondria in transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondria size (cross-section) did not show a significant difference between the groups C and HF. However, the mitochondria numerical density per area was 30 % less, the mitochondrial surface density (outer membrane) was 20 % less, and the mitochondrial volume density was 22 % less in the HF group than the C group. The gene expressions of molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis Cpt 1a, Tfam, Ucp 3, and Nrf 1 decreased in the HF group compared to the C group. The quantitative results match perfectly with the molecular ones of mitochondrial biogenesis markers. In the future, it will be crucial to verify if and how these data recover with the reduction of obesity, which would be of significant interest given the current obesity epidemic that affects the world population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La citología de nódulos tiroideos es una técnica que, evita procedimientos quirúrgicos innecesarios por lo que se lo ha determinado como primera línea dentro del algoritmo de diagnóstico, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la citología y biopsia por congelación frente al estudio histopatológico en el diagnóstico de nódulos tiroideos en pacientes atendidos en Solca desde el año 2009 - 2017. Métodos: Es un estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo y de correlación diagnóstica; los datos fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas de pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por nódulos tiroideos con biopsia por congelación, a quienes se les realizó previamente un estudio citológico en el Departamento de patología de SOLCA de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. El cálculo del tamaño de la muestra fue de 324 casos. Resultados: 324 casos fueron incluidos. El 8.3% correspondió a hombres y el 91.7% a mujeres. La media de la edad fue 51.8 años; la gran mayoría provenían de la provincia Azuay con el 64.8%. En los estudios citológicos el 34.6% [112 casos] corresponden a lesiones inflamatorias benignas; el 11.1% [36 casos] a patologías malignas y 14.2% [46 casos] fueron insatisfactorios. En la biopsia por congelación el mayor porcentaje estuvo concentrado en enfermedades benignas con un 62.6% y 35.5% a lesiones malignas. Hubo 6 casos con el 1.9% en donde fue diferido el criterio diagnóstico. En el histopatológico definitivo el 60.2% [195 casos] fueron patologías benignas y el 39.8% [129 casos] fueron lesiones malignas. La sensibilidad de la PAAF frente a histopatológico es alta con un 91.79%, pero la especificidad es baja con un 51.94%. La sensibilidad y la especifidad de la biopsia por congelación frente a histopatológico es alta con un 98.97% y 90.70% respectivamente lo que le confiere una metodología óptima. Conclusiones: La PAAF de tiroides demuestra ser una metodología útil en el diagnóstico de nódulos, siempre y cuando sea realizada y observada por personal capacitado. La biopsia por congelación constituye una técnica con alta sensibilidad y especifidad que nos permite discriminar lesiones benignas de las malignas.

A Educação Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade objetiva a promoção da Alfabetização Cientifica e concorre para uma formação crítica, voltada para cidadania. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a presença da abordagem CTS na temática Biologia Celular dos livros didáticos do PNLD 2018 do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, bem como a presença dos indicadores de Alfabetização Científica. Trata- se de uma pesquisa documental em que foram analisados oito livros de Biologia. Os resultados apontam que a abordagem CTS está evidenciada nos livros, no entanto se discutindo muito mais a Ciência em detrimento da Tecnologia e da Sociedade. Em relação aos indicadores de Alfabetização Científica identificou-se a presença de articular ideias, investigar, argumentar, ler em Ciências, escrever em Ciências, problematizar e a ausência dos indicadores criar e atuar. Destaca-se a importância dos livros didáticos apresentarem com mais detalhes as inter-relações CTS que podem convergir para a ampliação dos indicadores de Alfabetização Científica.

El progreso en la comprensión de la enfermedad, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enfermedad arterial coronaria se ha visto obstaculizado por la dificultad para observar las células y los componentes extracelulares asociados con la aterosclerosis coronaria. Sin embargo, hoy día se busca desbancar métodos como la histología y la microscopia electrónica debido a que estos métodos requieren de técnicas invasivas y propensas a la presencia de los artefactos para la valoración de los tejidos y comportamientos celulares en los fenómenos de aterosclerosis

Introdução: O exame citopatológico e utilizado para detecção precoce das lesões precursoras do câncer do colo uterino. Objetivo: Avaliar os indicadores de qualidade de acordo com o Manual de Gestão da Qualidade para Laboratório de Citopatologia. Método: Verificaram-se os laudos das fichas de requisição dos exames citopatológicos do laboratório clinico da Pontifícia Universidade de Goiás (LC-PUC-Goiás) entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2017. Resultados: Do total de 6.809 diagnósticos, observaram-se 99,4% (6.768/6.809) satisfatórios, sendo 91,3% (6.215/6.809) resultados negativos, 8,1% (553/6.809) diagnósticos com anormalidades citológicas e 0,6% (41/6.809) de exames insatisfatórios. O índice de positividade dos anos de 2013 a 2017 foram 10,5%, 7,9%, 8,6%, 6,8% e 5,3%, respectivamente. O percentual de exames compatíveis com lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL) entre os exames satisfatórios no ano de 2013 foi de 1,3%; 2014: 1,0%; 2015: 0,5%; 2016: 0,6%; e 2017: 0,7%, resultados dentro do estabelecido, ≥0,4%. A relação de células escamosas atípicas (ASC)/satisfatórios demostrou valores acima do estabelecido nos anos de 2013 com 6,8% e 2015 com 6,1%. Segundo o Manual de Gestão para Controle de Qualidade, espera-se que, no máximo, 4% a 5% de todos dos exames sejam classificados como ASC. Valores acima de 5% necessitam de uma atenção diferenciada. Conclusão: E de suma importância a educação continuada dos profissionais que participam de todas as etapas do processo, da fase pré-analítica a analítica, para que possíveis erros possam ser corrigidos e medidas preventivas tomadas para uma melhor qualidade na interpretação dos exames citopatológicos.

The emergence and development of pathological study methods is closely related to the scientific-technical development achieved by society. The traditional methods used for the pathological study of diseases have been enriched with new technologies, which has favored their deepest knowledge, particularly that of neoplasms, one of the leading causes of death in Cuba and in the world. In this paper, an overview is made of the historical development of the different anatomopathological study methods and their impact on the processes of medical assistance and education. A reflection is made on the need to strengthen training for the proper use of the clinical method and for the justified indication and correct interpretation of the results of the examinations that, in a traditional way, have made possible the diagnosis and the assessment of the prognosis and the therapeutic, thus avoiding the irrational use of other technologies that make medical care more expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Enseñanza de las Ciencias is the property of Revista Electronica de Ensenanza de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mitochondria (m) are responsible for the energy availability of cells, and their analysis is indicated for example, in studies related to metabolism and oxidative stress. The direct measurement of mitochondria (morphometry) is biased because of the section obliquity and position relative to the mitochondria length (non-equatorial cut). Therefore, stereology is an appropriate technique to evaluate mitochondria. However, before beginning the study, it is necessary to consider the premises to obtain random and uniform samples to be analyzed stereology. Mitochondria must have the chance to appear in all the possibilities of cut and orientation in the micrographs. The number of micrographs to be analyzed will depend on the distribution and occupation of mitochondria in the cell. After this is resolved, a proposal is the estimation of the following stereological data: volume density (Vv), surface density (Sv), and mean cross-sectional area (A). Overlapping a known test area at each micrograph, the density by area of mitochondria is estimated (NAT). Vv [m] can easily be estimated by point-counting (Vv = Pp/PT; Pp are the points hitting the structure, PT are the number of points of the test system). Sv is estimated overlaying a test-line (LT) on the micrographs and counting the intersections of the lines (I) with the outer membrane (om), inner membrane (im), and crests (c), thus, Sv [om], Sv [im], Sv [c] (Sv = 2I / LT). A [m] is obtained as the ratio: A = Vv / 2NAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]