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1,637 results on '"Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers"'

1. Deterioration of Norway spruce vitality despite a sharp decline in acid deposition: a long-term integrated perspective

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA Nancy - Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, ONF - Direction technique et commerciaqle bois, ONF - Direction technique et commerciale bois, Jonard, Mathieu, Legout, Arnaud, Nicolas, Manuel, Dambrine, Etienne, Nys, Claude, Ulrich, Erwin, Van der Perre, Raphaèle, Ponette, Quentin, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA Nancy - Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, ONF - Direction technique et commerciaqle bois, ONF - Direction technique et commerciale bois, Jonard, Mathieu, Legout, Arnaud, Nicolas, Manuel, Dambrine, Etienne, Nys, Claude, Ulrich, Erwin, Van der Perre, Raphaèle, and Ponette, Quentin
Abstract: Since the late 1970s, several long-term ecological studies were conducted to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of Norway spruce stands in the Ardennes as these nutrient-poor ecosystems were subject to high levels of acid deposition and exhibited symptoms of tree health decline. Between 1978 and 2009, acid deposition declined sharply, especially sulfur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition. The aim of this study was (i) to determine if the Norway spruce stands recovered after the reduction of acid deposition and (ii) to explain why such a recovery occurred or not. Therefore, we collected data from different projects carried out in the Ardennes to characterize the long-term temporal trends in soil solution chemistry, foliar nutrition, and crown condition. In parallel, a model describing the nutrient cycling in forests (NuCM) was calibrated and used to check the consistency of the observed temporal trends and to explain them. The soil solution concentration of most of the elements decreased between 1978 and 2002, which was ascribed to a decrease in atmospheric deposition. For potassium, a decline in the exchangeable pool was also showed based on the simulation carried out with NuCM. As nitrogen (N) deposition remained at an elevated level, Norway spruce stands were progressively saturated in N and mineral nutrition became more and more unbalanced. Except the foliar N and Al concentration that remained constant and increased respectively, the foliar concentration of all other nutrients decreased between 1993 and 2009, which can be explained by the decrease in ion concentration in solution. These nutritional disorders weakened trees and were probably exacerbated during the 2003 summer drought, after which symptoms of vitality loss progressively appeared. In these N-saturated ecosystems, the N cycle was disrupted by this health decline, which increased NO3- leaching reinforcing soil acidification and risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity.
Published: 2012

2. Identification and distribution of the readily soluble silicon pool in a temperate forest soil below three distinct tree species

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA-Centre de Nancy - Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Cornélis, Jean-Thomas, Titeux, Hugues, Ranger, Jacques, Delvaux, Bruno, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA-Centre de Nancy - Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, Cornélis, Jean-Thomas, Titeux, Hugues, Ranger, Jacques, and Delvaux, Bruno
Abstract: In forest ecosystems, the silicon (Si) mass-balance at the watershed scale can be strongly influenced by readily soluble Si components, such as dissolved Si, adsorbed Si, amorphous silica (biogenic and pedogenic opal) and short-range ordered aluminosilicates. The aim of the present study is to (a) identify the components of the readily soluble Si pool in the Cambisol found below three tree species, under homogeneous soil and climate conditions, and (b) study the impact of Si recycling by tree species on the Si pools. We therefore measured the concentrations of Si extracted by Na2CO3 (Sialk), oxalate (Siox) and CaCl2. The Sialk concentration decreased from the humus layer to 15 cm depth and then slightly increased until a depth of 75 cm. In the humus layer, the Sialk concentration consisted mainly of phytoliths and differed significantly between tree species (expressed as mg SiO2 g-1): Douglas fir (14.5 ± 0.65) > European beech (11.8 ± 0.30) > Black pine (5.4 ± 0.31). Below 7.5 cm, the Sialk content did not differ significantly between tree species, and the Siox content, increasing significantly, was mainly comprised of Si adsorbed onto amorphous Fe oxides. These results suggest that (a) tree species can impact the readily soluble Si content in the topsoil, through different rates of Si uptake and phytolith restitution by the vegetation, and (b) the soil’s readily soluble Si pool is mainly comprised of phytoliths and adsorbed Si. Here, the readily soluble Si pool is thus controlled by both the iron dynamics and Si biocycling.
Published: 2011

3. Sylviculture et protection des sols.

Author: INRA - Unité Biogéochimie des ecosystèmes forestiers, INRA - UMR Transfert sols plantes et cycles des éléments minéraux (TCEM), FCBA - Station Nord Est, INRA - Laboratoire d'étude des ressources forêt-bois (LERFoB), FCBA - Station Centre Ouest, INRA Centre de Nancy - Unité biogéochimie des écosystèmes forestiers, INRA Centre de Toulouse - Domaine expérimental, CIRAD - Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et agroécosystèmes, ONF - Département recherche et développement, INRA Centre de Nancy - Unité Biogéochimie des écosystèmes forestiers, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA Centre de Nancy - Laboratoire d'étude des ressources forêt-bois, Ranger, Jacques, Augusto, Laurent, Berthelot, Alain, Bouchon, Jean, Cacot, Emmanuel, Dambrinne, Etienne, Gavaland, André, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Legout, Arnaud, Nicolas, Manuel, Saint-André, Laurent, Nys, Claude, Ponette, Quentin, Ottorini, Jean-Marc, INRA - Unité Biogéochimie des ecosystèmes forestiers, INRA - UMR Transfert sols plantes et cycles des éléments minéraux (TCEM), FCBA - Station Nord Est, INRA - Laboratoire d'étude des ressources forêt-bois (LERFoB), FCBA - Station Centre Ouest, INRA Centre de Nancy - Unité biogéochimie des écosystèmes forestiers, INRA Centre de Toulouse - Domaine expérimental, CIRAD - Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et agroécosystèmes, ONF - Département recherche et développement, INRA Centre de Nancy - Unité Biogéochimie des écosystèmes forestiers, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA Centre de Nancy - Laboratoire d'étude des ressources forêt-bois, Ranger, Jacques, Augusto, Laurent, Berthelot, Alain, Bouchon, Jean, Cacot, Emmanuel, Dambrinne, Etienne, Gavaland, André, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Legout, Arnaud, Nicolas, Manuel, Saint-André, Laurent, Nys, Claude, Ponette, Quentin, and Ottorini, Jean-Marc
Abstract: Ce travail tente d’évaluer les risques que font peser les pratiques forestières actuelles sur la durabilité des fonctions des sols et des écosystèmes. La relation entre fonction de production et fonction de conservation des sols traduit une certaine antinomie entre ces deux options. Les contraintes pour la fertilité chimique du sol sont analysées pour les traitements des moins aux plus intensifs, c’est-à-dire des réserves forestières aux cultures lignocellulosiques traitées à très courte révolution. Dans les systèmes extensifs, le recyclage biologique performant est durable si les exploitations se cantonnent aux seuls troncs. Les amendements permettent de corriger l’acidification lente et inéluctable des sols. Dans les traitements intensifs, la fertilité naturelle des sols forestiers ne peut soutenir la production ; seuls les sols de qualité physique convenable et avec apports d’intrants peuvent conduire à des productions élevées et soutenues, en particulier dans les systèmes à courte révolution.
Published: 2011

4. Norway spruce vitality loss despite a sharp decline in acid deposition : how liming may help ?

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA Nancy - Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, ONF - Direction technique et commerciale bois, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Jonard, Mathieu, Legout, A, Nicolas, M., Dambrine, E., Nys, C., Ulrich, E., Van der Perre, Raphaèle, Ponette, Quentin, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, INRA Nancy - Unité Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, ONF - Direction technique et commerciale bois, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Jonard, Mathieu, Legout, A, Nicolas, M., Dambrine, E., Nys, C., Ulrich, E., Van der Perre, Raphaèle, and Ponette, Quentin
Published: 2011

5. Plant-earthworm interactions : influence of age and proportion of casts in the soil on plant growth, morphology and nitrogen uptake

Author: Ruben Puga-Freitas, Bernd Zeller, Agnès Gigon, Corinne Agapit, Manuel Blouin, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Departement Agronomie, Agroéquipements, Elevage et Environnement (D2A2E), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), and Departement Agronomie, Agroéquipements, Elevage et Environnement ( D2A2E )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Bulk soil, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Soil Science, Biomass, Plant Science, Root system, [ SDV.BA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Nitrogen cycle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Plant development, Organic matter, Cast, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Earthworm, fungi, Plant physiology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Root morphology, Biomass production, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Brachypodium distachyon, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Earthworms effect on plant growth is mediated by their dejections or “casts”, a complex mixture of organic matter, minerals and microbes. In casts, different processes such as organic matter mineralization and signal molecule production follow a complex temporal dynamics. An adaptation of root morphology to cast dynamics could allow an efficient nitrogen capture by the plant. The plant Brachypodium distachyon was grown in a laboratory experiment with different proportions of casts of increasing ages. Casts were labelled with 15N to quantify the plant N uptake from the casts. Plant biomass and morphology, especially root system structure, were analysed. The age of casts had an effect on fine root length, highlighting the importance of the dynamics of cast maturation in root adaptation. Plant biomass production was affected by the interaction between the age and proportion of casts. A positive correlation between the 15N proportion in plant tissues and plant biomasses indicated that plants were more efficient in foraging N in casts than in the bulk soil. Our results suggested that both a timely adaptation of the root system structure and a significant proportion of casts are necessary to observe a positive effect of casts on plant growth.
Published: 2018
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6. Seasonal time-course of the above ground biomass production efficiency in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Author: Laura Heid, André Granier, Bernard Longdoz, Christophe Calvaruso, Sébastien Conil, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Anjy Andrianantenaina, Marie-Pierre Turpault, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR (ANR-12-LABXARBRE-01), Ecofor, Allenvi, French national research infrastructure ANAEEF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), SILVA ( SILVA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs ( ANDRA ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biomasse forestière, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forest management, brown calcareous soil, Eddy covariance, fagus sylvatica, facteur édaphique, variation intra annuelle, 01 natural sciences, Tree growth, Fagus sylvatica, european beech, Forest ecology, eddy covariance, broadleaved forests, allocation du carbone, Beech, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, seasonal variation, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, biology, sol brun calcaire, production primaire brute, Diameter at breast height, Primary production, Carbon allocation, production primaire, Forestry, alocrisol, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Biomass production, forêt feuillue, variation saisonnière, Beech forest, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, GPP, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Wood density, densité du bois, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Key message In order to record the seasonal changes in aboveground biomass production (trunk and branches) in a forest, changes in wood density must be taken into account. A 60-year-old beech forest displayed a large intra-annual variability in its aboveground woody biomass production efficiency. This variation followed a seasonal trend with a maximum during the summer while gross primary production was rather low.Context In the current context of land use and climate change, there is a need to precisely quantify the carbon (C) balance of forest ecosystems, and more specifically, of C allocation to tree compartments.Aims We quantified the seasonal changes in the aboveground biomass production (aBP) of a beech forest growing on two different soils: an alocrisol and a calci-brunisol. In addition, for the alocrisol ecosystem, we assessed the existence and degree of intra-annual variability in the ratio of wood aBP to gross primary production (GPP), i.e., the wood aBP efficiency.Methods The study site is a 60-year-old beech forest in northeastern France. An eddy covariance tower records continuously net ecosystem exchange. To investigate the temporal changes in aBP, mini-cores were drilled and diameter at breast height measurements were taken on a monthly basis from 45 trees for both stands studied over 2014.Results A clear difference in aBP was observed between the two soils with the alocrisol being more productive than the calcibrunisol. For the alocrisol, both woody aBP and GPP changed over the course of the year, reaching peak values during June (6 and 12.5 gC m(-2) day(-1), respectively). Wood applied bias photon-to-current efficiency aboveground Biomass Production Efficiency (aBPE) also showed important intra-annual variations, ranging from 0.09 in September to 0.58 in July. Wood density varied throughout the year, and not taking it into account would have led to an overestimation of aBP by as much as 20% in April and May.Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of taking wood density into account for intra-annual studies of aBP. Wood aBPE cannot be considered as constant as it fluctuated from 0.09 to 0.58 throughout the year for an annual value of 0.34. The potential error in wood aBPE stemming from not taking these changes into account amounts to 15%.
Published: 2018
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7. Applying quantitative structure models to plot-based terrestrial laser data to assess dendrometric parameters in dense mixed forests

Author: Ugo Chiavetta, Jan Hackenberg, Chiara Torresan, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LIFE FoResMit project (CCM/IT/000905), LIFE CCM/IT/000905 LIFE FoResMit project, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment ( CREA ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: LiDAR, geometrical modeling metrics, wood volume, forest inventory, tree segmentation, CompuTree, SimpleTree, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, dendrometry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], forest inventory, tree segmentation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, High density, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, modèle quantitatif, 01 natural sciences, Laser data, tarif de cubage, lcsh:Forestry, inventaire forestier, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, lidar, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, forêt résineuse, Forest inventory, forêt mélangée, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Diameter at breast height, mixed forests, Quantitative structure, pine forests, Forestry, 15. Life on land, volume tables, dendrométrie, Tree (graph theory), italie, Lidar, télédétection laser, optical radar, lcsh:SD1-669.5, Volume (compression)
Abstract: Aim of study : To assess terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) accuracy in estimating biometrical forest parameters at plot-based level in order to replace manual survey for forest inventory purposes. Area of study : Monte Morello, Tuscany region, Italy Material and methods : In 14 plots (10 m radius) in dense Mediterranean mixed conifer forests, diameter at breast height (DBH) and height were measured in Summer 2016. Tree volume was computed using the second Italian National Forest Inventory (INFC II) equations. TLS data were acquired in the same plots and quantitative structure models (QSMs) were applied to TLS data to compute dendrometric parameters. Tree parameters measured in field survey, i.e . DBH, height, and computed volume, were compared to those resulting from TLS data processing. The effect of distance from the plot boundary in the accuracy of DBH, height and volume estimation from TLS data was tested. Main results : TLS-derived DBH showed a good correlation with the traditional forest inventory data ( R 2 =0.98, RRMSE=7.81%), while tree height was less correlated with the traditional forest inventory data ( R 2 =0.60, RRMSE=16.99%). Poor agreement was observed when comparing the volume from TLS data with volume estimated from the INFC II prediction equations. Research highlights : The study demonstrated that the application of QSM to plot-based terrestrial laser data generates errors in plots with high density of coniferous trees. A buffer zone of 5 m would help reduce the error of 35% and 42% respectively in height estimation for all trees and in volume estimation for broadleaved trees.
Published: 2018
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8. Impact of soil pedogenesis on the diversity and composition of fungal communities across the California soil chronosequence of Mendocino

Author: Johan H. J. Leveau, Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Daphnée Brulé, Yannick Colin, Stéphane Uroz, Marc Buée, Jan J. Tech, AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dept Plant Pathol, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), France-Berkeley Fund grant, ANR JCJC SVSE7 'BACTOWEATHER', Labex ARBRE 'INABACT' projects, ANR, ANDRA, Lorraine Region, French Agency through the Laboratory of Excellence Arbre ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement ( AgroSup Dijon ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (COMUE) ( UBFC ), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes ( IAM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Tarbiat Modares University, and Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Soil nutrients, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chronoséquence, Plant Science, microbial ecology, 01 natural sciences, California, Soil, Mycorrhizae, CENOCOCCUM-GEOPHILUM, DNA, Fungal, Soil Microbiology, communauté fongique, Ecology, pH, Microbiota, EDAPHIC GRADIENT, TERM ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, MIXED-CONIFER, General Medicine, pedogenesis, Soil horizon, BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES, pédogénèse, Soil test, Terrace (agriculture), Chronosequence, FINE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, BOREAL FORESTS, californie, Ecosystem, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Soil horizons, ITS-based pyrosequencing, écologie microbienne, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], PYGMY FOREST REGION, Fungi, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, états-unis, Soil chronosequence, 030104 developmental biology, Pedogenesis, terrace, terrasse, Soil water, Species richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, usa
Abstract: Understanding how soil pedogenesis affects microbial communities and their in situ activities according to ecosystem functioning is a central issue in soil microbial ecology, as soils represent essential nutrient reservoirs and habitats for the biosphere. To address this question, soil chronosequences developed from a single, shared mineralogical parent material and having the same climate conditions are particularly useful, as they isolate the factor of time from other factors controlling the character of soils. In our study, we considered a natural succession of uplifted marine terraces in Mendocino, CA, ranging from highly fertile in the younger terrace (about 100,000 years old) to infertile in the older terraces (about 300,000 years old). Using ITS amplicon pyrosequencing, we analysed and compared the diversity and composition of the soil fungal communities across the first terraces (T1 to T3), with a specific focus in the forested terraces (T2 and T3) on soil samples collected below trees of the same species (Pinus muricata) and of the same age. While diversity and richness indices were highest in the grassland (youngest) terrace (T1), they were higher in the older forested terrace (T3) compared to the younger forested terrace (T2). Interestingly, the most abundant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) taxa that we found within these fungal communities showed high homology with ITS Sanger sequences obtained previously directly from ECM root tips from trees in the same study site, revealing a relative conservation of ECM diversity over time. Altogether, our results provide new information about the diversity and composition of the fungal communities as well as on the dominant ECM species in the soil chronosequence of Mendocino in relation to soil age and ecosystem development.
Published: 2017
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9. Increasing soil carbon storage: mechanisms, effects of agricultural practices and proxies. A review

Author: Pierre Barré, Lauric Cécillon, Catherine Roumet, Sébastien Barot, Delphine Derrien, Claire Chenu, Marie-France Dignac, Mickaël Hedde, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Naoise Nunan, Tiphaine Chevallier, Bertrand Guenet, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Grégoire T. Freschet, Pierre-Alain Maron, Katja Klumpp, Patricia Garnier, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes montagnards ( UR EMGR ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des SolS d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés ( PESSAC ), Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement ( MSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dignac, Marie-France, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS ( LGE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 ( FARE ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, CEREGE, Institut d'Administration des Entreprises de Poitiers ( IAE Poitiers ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] )
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microorganisms, Organomineral associations, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, C dynamics, Environmental protection, Models, Litter, Stabilisation mechanisms, Indicators, Organic matter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Abiotic component, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Land use, business.industry, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Mineralisation, Root inputs, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Soil organic C, Stabilisation mechanisms Mineralisation, Agricultural practices, Macrofauna, Porosity, Tillage, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN; The international 4 per 1000 initiative aims at supporting states and non-governmental stakeholders in their efforts towards a better management of soil carbon (C) stocks. These stocks depend on soil C inputs and outputs. They are the result of fine spatial scale interconnected mechanisms, which stabilise/destabilise organic matter-borne C. Since 2016, the CarboSMS consortium federates French researchers working on these mechanisms and their effects on C stocks in a local and global change setting (land use, agricultural practices, climatic and soil conditions, etc.). This article is a synthesis of this consortium’s first seminar. In the first part, we present recent advances in the understanding of soil C stabilisation mechanisms comprising biotic and abiotic processes, which occur concomitantly and interact. Soil organic C stocks are altered by biotic activities of plants (the main source of C through litter and root systems), microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and ‘ecosystem engineers’ (earthworms, termites, ants). In the meantime, abiotic processes related to the soil-physical structure, porosity and mineral fraction also modify these stocks. In the second part, we show how agricultural practices affect soil C stocks. By acting on both biotic and abiotic mechanisms, land use and management practices (choice of plant species and density, plant residue exports, amendments, fertilisation, tillage, etc.) drive soil spatiotemporal organic inputs and organic matter sensitivity to mineralisation. Interaction between the different mechanisms and their effects on C stocks are revealed by meta-analyses and long-term field studies. The third part addresses upscaling issues. This is a cause for major concern since soil organic C stabilisation mechanisms are most often studied at fine spatial scales (mm–μm) under controlled conditions, while agricultural practices are implemented at the plot scale. We discuss some proxies and models describing specific mechanisms and their action in different soil and climatic contexts and show how they should be taken into account in large scale models, to improve change predictions in soil C stocks. Finally, this literature review highlights some future research prospects geared towards preserving or even increasing C stocks, our focus being put on the mechanisms, the effects of agricultural practices on them and C stock prediction models.
Published: 2017
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10. Identification and distribution of the readily soluble silicon pool in a temperate forest soil below three distinct tree species

Author: Bruno Delvaux, Jacques Ranger, Hugues Titeux, Jean-Thomas Cornélis, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Belgium's 'Fonds pour la formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture' (FRIA), 'Fonds Special de Recherche' (FSR) of the UCL, GIP ECOFOR, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, and INRA-Centre de Nancy - Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers
Subjects: AMORPHOUS SILICA, Silicon, Specific extraction, EXTRACTION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Phytoliths, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Mineralogy, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Oxalate, chemistry.chemical_compound, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, DISSOLUTION, Aluminosilicate, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, Beech, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cambisol, Topsoil, biology, HEAVY LIQUID, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Humus, Pedogenesis, chemistry, Phytolith, Environmental chemistry, ACID, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIOGENIC SILICA, Soil-tree cycle, SEDIMENTS, Tree species, BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST
Abstract: International audience; In forest ecosystems, the silicon (Si) mass-balance at the watershed scale can be strongly influenced by readily soluble Si components, such as dissolved Si, adsorbed Si, amorphous silica (biogenic and pedogenic opal) and short-range ordered aluminosilicates. The aim of the present study is to (a) identify the components of the readily soluble Si pool in the Cambisol found below three tree species, under homogeneous soil and climate conditions, and (b) study the impact of Si recycling by tree species on the Si pools. We therefore measured the concentrations of Si extracted by Na2CO3 (Si-alk), oxalate (Si-ox) and CaCl2. The Si-alk concentration decreased from the humus layer to 15 cm depth and then slightly increased until a depth of 75 cm. In the humus layer, the Si-alk concentration consisted mainly of phytoliths and differed significantly between tree species (expressed as mg SiO2 g(-1)): Douglas fir (14.5 +/- 0.65) > European beech (11.8 +/- 0.30) > Black pine (5.4 +/- 0.31). Below 7.5 cm, the Si-alk content did not differ significantly between tree species, and the Si-ox content, increasing significantly, was mainly comprised of Si adsorbed onto amorphous Fe oxides. These results suggest that (a) tree species can impact the readily soluble Si content in the topsoil, through different rates of Si uptake and phytolith restitution by the vegetation, and (b) the soil's readily soluble Si pool is mainly comprised of phytoliths and adsorbed Si. Here, the readily soluble Si pool is thus controlled by both the iron dynamics and Si biocycling.
Published: 2011
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11. Control of Nitrification by Tree Species in a Common-Garden Experiment

Author: Kasaina Sitraka Andrianarisoa, Séverine Bienaimé, F. Poly, Bernd Zeller, Henri Siegenfuhr, Etienne Dambrine, Jacques Ranger, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], forest floor exchanges, 01 natural sciences, Coppicing, tree species, Forest ecology, Environmental Chemistry, potential net nitrification, Beech, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Forest floor, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, biology, forest ecosystems, Soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Humus, nitrate concentration, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, soil core exchanges, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Nitrification
Abstract: International audience; We studied the effect of tree species on nitrification in five young plantations and an old native beech coppice forest at the Breuil experimental site in central France. The potential net nitrification (PNN) of soil was high in beech, Corsican pine, and Douglas fir plantations (high nitrifying stands denoted H) and low in spruce and Nordmann fir plantations as well as in native forest stands (low nitrifying stands denoted L). We hypothesized that tree species would stimulate or inhibit nitrification in transplanted soil cores within a few years after the cores were transplanted between stands. We first initiated a transplant experiment where soil cores were exchanged between all stands. The PNN remained high in soil cores from H transferred to H and low in soil cores from L transferred to L. The PNN increased considerably after 16 months in soil cores transferred from L to H, whereas the transfer of soil cores from H to L decreased the PNN only slightly after 28 months. In a second transplant experiment, forest floor material was exchanged between the Douglas fir (H) and the native forest (L) stand. Six months later, the forest floor from the native forest had increased the PNN of the Douglas fir soil considerably, whereas the forest floor from Douglas fir did not affect the PNN of the soil in the native forest stand. It was concluded that beech, Corsican pine, and Douglas fir rapidly stimulate soil nitrification by either activation of suppressed nitrifier communities and/or colonization by new nitrifier communities. Conversely, the slow and irregular reduction of nitrification in spruce, Nordmann fir, and native forest was probably due to the low and heterogeneously distributed flux of inhibiting substances per volume of soil. Our experiments suggest that the inhibition of nitrification is not tightly connected to forest floor leachates, but that the forest floor both reflects and maintains the major ongoing processes. In the long term, humus build up and the production of inhibiting substances may completely block the nitrification activity.
Published: 2010
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12. Soil organic carbon models need independent time-series validation for reliable prediction

Author: Julia Le Noë, Stefano Manzoni, Rose Abramoff, Tobias Bölscher, Elisa Bruni, Rémi Cardinael, Philippe Ciais, Claire Chenu, Hugues Clivot, Delphine Derrien, Fabien Ferchaud, Patricia Garnier, Daniel Goll, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Manuel Martin, Daniel Rasse, Frédéric Rees, Julien Sainte-Marie, Elodie Salmon, Marcus Schiedung, Josh Schimel, William Wieder, Samuel Abiven, Pierre Barré, Lauric Cécillon, Bertrand Guenet, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Physical Geography [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Climate and Global Dynamics Division [Boulder] (CGD), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), This contribution has been partly supported by the grant 'Holistic management practices,modelling and monitoring for European forest soils' (HoliSoils) (Horizon 2020Grant 101000289), by CLand programme (ANR-16-CONV-0003). S.M. has receivedfunding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme (Grant 101001608). D.S.G. has benefited from theFrench state aid managed by the ANR under the 'Investissements d’avenir' programmewith the reference ANR-16-CONV-0003. C.C. has received support from French AgenceNationale de la Recherche (StoreSoilC project, grant ANR- 17-CE32-0005) and from EUH2020 European Joint programme EJP SOIL (grant agreement no. 869625). W.R.W.would like to acknowledge United States Department of Agriculture award #2020-67019-31395 and US National Science Foundation award #1926413., ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), ANR-17-CE32-0005,StoreSoilC,Potentiel et durabilité du stockage de carbone dans les sols agricoles(2017), University of Zurich, and Le Noë, Julia
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Carbone organique du sol, 1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences, technique de prévision, 2300 General Environmental Science, 10122 Institute of Geography, Modélisation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, 910 Geography & travel, Analyse de séries chronologiques, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Numerical models are crucial to understand and/or predict past and future soil organic carbon dynamics. For those models aiming at prediction, validation is a critical step to gain confidence in projections. With a comprehensive review of ~250 models, we assess how models are validated depending on their objectives and features, discuss how validation of predictive models can be improved. We find a critical lack of independent validation using observed time series. Conducting such validations should be a priority to improve the model reliability. Approximately 60% of the models we analysed are not designed for predictions, but rather for conceptual understanding of soil processes. These models provide important insights by identifying key processes and alternative formalisms that can be relevant for predictive models. We argue that combining independent validation based on observed time series and improved information flow between predictive and conceptual models will increase reliability in predictions.
Published: 2023
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13. Stocker du C dans les sols : Quels mécanismes, quelles pratiques agricoles, quels indicateurs ?

Author: Delphine Derrien, Marie-France Dignac, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Sébastien Barot, Lauric Cécillon, Claire Chenu, Tiphaine Chevallier, Freschet, Grégoire T., Patricia Garnier, Bertrand Guenet, Mickaël Hedde, Katja Klumpp, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Pierre-Alain Maron, Naoise Nunan, Catherine Roumet, Pierre Barré, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), parent, Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (DEPT EFPA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes montagnards ( UR EMGR ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 ( FARE ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS ( LGE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques ( DEPT EFPA ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: MINERALISATION, microorganismos, STOCKAGE, C dynamics, litter, organo-mineral associations, mineralization, microorganisms, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, BIOLOGIE DU SOL, FERTILITE DU SOL, stabilization mechanisms, MACROFAUNE, mécanismes de stabilisation, C organique du sol, PRATIQUE CULTURALE, root inputs, macrofaune, litières, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, porosité, macrofauna, mecanismo de estabilización, INDICATEUR ECOLOGIQUE, asociaciones órgano-minerales, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Soil organic C, aportes radiculares, porosity, prácticas agrícolas, microorganismes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, agricultural practices, apports racinaires, models, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, modelos, C orgánico del suelo, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, mineralización, MICROBIOLOGIE DU SOL, modèles, MATIERE ORGANIQUE, indicadores, hojarasca, indicators, associations organo-minérales, CARBONE ORGANIQUE, porosidad, pratiques agricoles, macro fauna, dinámica del C, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], BIBLIOGRAPHIE, minéralisation, indicateurs, dynamique du C
Abstract: The aim of the international "4 per 1 000" initiative is to support States and non-governmental actors in their efforts towards a better management of carbon (C) stocks in soils. These stocks depend on the inputs and outputs of C in soils. Stocks are the result of intercon¬nected mechanisms acting at fine spatial scales, leading to stabilisation/destabilisation of the C present in organic matter (OM). The need to federate research on these mechanisms and their effects on C stocks in a context of local and global changes (land uses, agricultural practices, climatic and soil conditions, etc.) led to the creation in 2015 of a group of french researchers, CarboSMS. This is the synthesis of the seminar dedicated to this issue. In the first part, we present recent advances in the understanding of soil C stabilisation mechanisms. Biotic mechanisms correspond to the effects of plants (main source of C through litter and root systems), microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) and ecosystem engineers (earthworms, termites, ants) on organic C stocks in soils. Abiotic processes are related to the physical structure of soils, to the organization of their porosity and to their mineral fraction : inclusion of the OM in aggregates, association with minerals, etc. These biotic and abiotic mechanisms take place concomitantly and interact. In the second part, we discuss the effects of agricultural practices on soil C stocks. By acting on biotic as well as abiotic mechanisms, land use and management specificities (choice of plant species and density, plant residue exports, amendments, fertilization, tillage, etc.) drive not only the spatial and temporal organic inputs into soils, but also the OM sensitivity to mineralisation. The complexity of the interactions between the different mechanisms and their effects on C stocks are evidenced by meta-analyses and long-term field studies. Organic C stabilisation mechanisms in soils are studied at fine spatial scales (mm-μm) under controlled conditions. The third part of this article addresses the issues of upscaling (up to the plot and to global scale) and validating the action of specific mechanisms in different soil and climatic contexts, before taking them into account in large scale models to improve predictions of the changes in soil C stocks. Finally, this literature review highlights some perspectives for future research aiming at preserving or even increasing C stocks. These perspectives focus on the mechanisms, the effects of agricultural practices on these mechanisms, and on predictive models of C stocks.; La iniciativa internacional "4 por 1 000" tiene como ambición sostener Estados y actores no gubernamentales en sus esfuerzos hacia una mejor gestión de los stocks de carbono (C) de los suelos. Estos stocks dependen de las entradas y salidas de C en los suelos. Los stocks son la consecuencia de mecanismos interconectados, que actúan a una escala espacial fina, que conducen al almacenaje o al desalmacenaje del C presente en las materias orgánicas (MO). Aparece necesario federar los investigadores sobre estos mecanismos y su acción sobre los stocks de C en un contexto de cambio local o global (uso de los suelos, prácticas agrícolas, condiciones climáticas o edáficas, etc.), lo que lleva a la creación del colectivo de investigadores CarboSMS. Este artículo es la síntesis del seminario dedicado a esta cuestión. La primera parte presenta los avances recientes sobre la compren¬sión de los mecanismos de estabilización. Los mecanismos bióticos corresponden a los efectos de las plantas (principal fuente de C, en particular a través de sus sistemas radiculares), de los microorganismos (hongos y bacterias) y de los ingenieros del ecosistema (lombrices, termitas, hormigas) sobre los stocks de C orgánico del suelo. Los procesos abióticos son ligados a la estructura física del suelo, a la organización de su porosidad y a su fracción mineral : inclusión de la MO en los agregados, asociación a los minerales, etc. Estos mecanismos bióticos y abióticos se desarrollan de manera concomitante y en interacción. La segunda parte discute de los efectos de las prácticas agrícolas sobre los stocks de C de los suelos. La elección de las especies vegetales y de su densidad de plantación, la intensidad de la extracción de los vegetales, la enmienda, la fertilización y el trabajo del suelo, etc. condicionan no solamente los aportes de MO al suelo en el tiempo y en el espacio, pero también la sensibilidad de estas MO a la mineralización, actuando sobre los mecanismos bióticos y abióticos. La complexidad de las interacciones entre los mecanismos y sus efectos en el tiempo sobre los stocks de C se constata por los meta-análisis y los estudios de terreno de larga duración. Se estudian los mecanismos de estabilización del C orgánico en los suelos a escala espacial fina (mm-μm), en condiciones especificas. La tercera parte de este artículo discuta proposiciones concretas para abordar las cuestiones del cambio de escala (hasta la parcela y al nivel global) y de la validación de la acción de un mecanismo en diferentes contextos pedo-climáticos antes de tomarlo en cuenta en los modelos a larga escala para mejorar las previsiones de evolución de los stocks de C de los suelos. En fin, en una óptica de preservar mejor los stocks de C, incluso de aumentarlos, esta revisión bibliográfica nos permite hacer proposi¬ciones para los ejes de investigaciones futuras sobre los mecanismos, los efectos de las prácticas agrícolas sobre estos mecanismos, y los modelos de predicción de los stocks de C.; L’initiative internationale "4 pour 1 000" a pour ambition de soutenir États et acteurs non gouvernementaux dans leurs efforts vers une meilleure gestion des stocks de carbone (C) des sols. Ces stocks dépendent des entrées et sorties de C dans les sols. Ils sont la consé¬quence de mécanismes interconnectés, agissant à une échelle spatiale fine, qui conduisent au stockage ou déstockage du C présent dans les matières organiques (MO). Il apparaît nécessaire de fédérer les recherches sur ces mécanismes et leur action sur les stocks de C dans un contexte de changement local ou global (usage des sols, pratiques agricoles, conditions climatiques ou édaphiques, etc.), ce qui a conduit à la création du collectif de chercheurs CarboSMS. Cet article est la synthèse d'un séminaire dédié à cet enjeu. La première partie présente les avancées récentes sur la compréhension des mécanismes de stabilisation. Les mécanismes biotiques correspondent aux effets des plantes (principale source de C, notamment à travers leurs systèmes racinaires), des micro-organismes (champignons et bactéries) et des ingénieurs de l’écosystème (vers de terre, termites, fourmis) sur les stocks de C organique du sol. Les processus abiotiques sont liés à la structure physique du sol, à l’organisation de sa porosité et à sa fraction minérale : inclusion de la MO dans les agrégats, association aux minéraux, etc. Ces mécanismes biotiques et abiotiques se déroulent de façon concomitante et en interaction. La deuxième partie discute des effets des pratiques agricoles sur les stocks de C des sols. Le choix des espèces végétales et de leur densité de plantation, l’intensité du prélèvement des végétaux, l’amendement, la fertilisation et le travail du sol, etc. conditionnent non seulement les apports de MO au sol dans le temps et l’espace, mais aussi la sensibilité de ces MO à la minéralisation, en agissant sur les mécanismes, biotiques comme abiotiques. La complexité des interactions entre les mécanismes et leurs effets dans le temps sur les stocks de C sont mis en évidence par les méta-analyses et les études de terrain de longue durée. Les mécanismes de stabilisation du C organique dans les sols sont étudiés à fine échelle spatiale (mm-μm), dans des conditions spéci¬fiques. La troisième partie de cet article discute de propositions concrètes pour aborder les questions du changement d’échelle (jusqu’à la parcelle et au niveau global) et de la validation de l’action d’un mécanisme dans différents contextes pédo-climatiques avant de le prendre en compte dans des modèles à large échelle pour améliorer les prévisions d’évolution des stocks de C des sols. Enfin, dans une optique de mieux préserver les stocks de C, voire de les augmenter, cette revue bibliographique nous permet de faire des propositions pour les axes de recherches futures sur les mécanismes, les effets des pratiques agricoles sur ces mécanismes, et les modèles de prédiction des stocks de C.
Published: 2016

14. Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review

Author: Delphine Derrien, Pierre Barré, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Lauric Cécillon, Abad Chabbi, Alexandra Crème, Sébastien Fontaine, Ludovic Henneron, Noémie Janot, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Katell Quénéa, Frédéric Rees, Marie-France Dignac, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme de géochimie isotopique ASTER-CEREGE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Carbon storage, POM, InaccessibilityModels, Big data, Environmental Engineering, Management practices, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Chemical recalcitrance, Biomass use, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, the strategies by which it may be accomplished and what the actual benefits might be for agriculture and the climate. Controversy forms an essential part of the scientific process, but on the topic of soil carbon storage, it may confuse the agricultural community and the general public and may delay actions to fight climate change. In an attempt to shed light on this topic, the originality of this article lies in its intention to provide a balanced description of contradictory scientific opinions on soil carbon storage and to examine how the scientific community can support decision-making despite the controversy. In the first part, we review and attempt to reconcile conflicting views on the mechanisms controlling organic carbon dynamics in soil. We discuss the divergent opinions about chemical recalcitrance, the microbial or plant origin of persistent soil organic matter, the contribution of particulate organic matter to additional organic carbon storage in soil, and the spatial and energetic inaccessibility of soil organic matter to decomposers. In the second part, we examine the advantages and limitations of big data management and modeling, which are essential tools to link the latest scientific theories with the actions taken by stakeholders. Finally, we show how the analysis and discussion of controversies can guide scientists in supporting stakeholders for the design of (i) appropriate trade-offs for biomass use in agriculture and forestry and (ii) climate-smart management practices, keeping in mind their still unresolved effects on soil carbon storage.
Published: 2023
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15. The impact of urbanization on soil organic carbon stocks and particle size and density fractions

Author: Aurélie Cambou, Tiphaine Chevallier, Bernard G. Barthès, Delphine Derrien, Patrice Cannavo, Adeline Bouchard, Victor Allory, Christophe Schwartz, Laure Vidal-Beaudet, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Environnement Physique de la plante Horticole (EPHOR), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, SUPRA project (grant number 1772C0021), financed by ADEME (French Environmental Agency), and PhD grant of the lead author, with the Région Pays de la Loire.
Subjects: Stratigraphy, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; PurposeUrbanization is a major driver of land use change and can affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) pools. This study aimed to understand the urbanization impact on SOC stocks and pools at profile scale (0–100 cm).MethodsThe SOC was studied at 0–30 and 0–100 cm depths in park and sealed soils of three French cities (Marseille, Nancy, and Nantes). Physical fractionation was performed to gain insight on the size of different SOC pools (particulate and organo-mineral soil fractions).ResultsThe SOC stocks were seven to ten times higher in parks than in sealed soils, but lower than in natural soils according to literature data. The contribution of the first 30 cm to profile SOC stock was around 40%, with strong heterogeneity, especially in sealed soils. Considering the whole 0–100 cm profile, SOC stocks in particulate organic matter fractions (light fraction > 50 µm) were 25–48 times higher in parks than in sealed soils, while SOC stocks in mineral-associated fractions ( 50 µm, particularly in sealed soils (11% in average at 0–100 cm depth). This fraction associated to sand is usually poor in SOC in natural or agricultural soils. In these urban soils, it might be bitumen, a dense organic artifact.ConclusionThe SOC stocks up to 100 cm depth and their heterogeneity pleaded to strengthen and expand SOC studies in all urban soils.
Published: 2023
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16. Evidence of short-term belowground transfer of nitrogen from Acacia mangium to Eucalyptus grandi trees in a tropical planted forest

Author: Jean-Paul Laclau, Claude Plassard, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Ranieri Ribeiro Paula, Yann Nouvellon, Jean-Marc Bouvet, Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin, José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves, Bernhard Zeller, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, University of São Paulo (USP), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Divisão de Desenvolvimento de Técnicas Analíticas e Nucleares, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Intens&fix Project (ANR-2010-STRA-004-03), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), ANR-10-STRA-0004,Intens&Fix,Intensification écologique des écosystèmes de plantations forestières. Modélisation biophysique et évaluation socio-économique de l'association d'espèces fixatrices d'azote(2010), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Écologie Fonctionnelle and oBiogéochimie des Sols and Agroécosystèmes, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, UMR AGAP, Écologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols and Agroécosystèmes, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stem injection, Nitrogen facilitation, 01 natural sciences, Acacia mangium, Injection d'arbres, Eucalyptus, Rhizosphere, forêt mélangée, 15N, Acacia, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Analyse de tissu foliaire, Nitrogen, Plantation forestière, Arbre fixateur d'azote, Horticulture, Nitrogen fixing trees, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Nitrogen fixation, Bark, Eucalyptus grandis, Fixation de l'azote, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Mycorhization, Microbiology, Bois, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Exudates, Sowing, P34 - Biologie du sol, Common mycorrhizal network, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, chemistry, Rhizosphère, Écorce, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 010606 plant biology & botany, Espacement, Racine
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 The short-term belowground transfer of nitrogen from nitrogen-fixing trees to companion trees has never been studied in the field. A 15N pulse-labeling study was conducted in a mixed plantation of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis at the peak of leaf area, 26 months after planting. 15N-NO3 - was injected into the stem of one big Acacia tree in three plots. 15N was traced over 2 months in the labeled Acacia tree as well as in neighboring Eucalyptus trees. For both species, young leaves were sampled, as well as fine roots and the rhizosphere at a distance of 0.75 m and 2.25 m from the labeled tree. The 15N atom% was also determined in the wood, bark, branches and total foliage of the 3 labeled Acacia trees and 9 Eucalyptus trees, 60 days after labeling. Most of the leaves, fine roots and rhizosphere samples of both species were 15N enriched from 5 days after labeling. The δ15N values were higher at a distance of 0.75 m than at 2.25 m in Acacia roots, but were similar at both distances in Eucalyptus roots and the rhizospheres. The wood and bark of Eucalyptus trees sampled at a distance of 6.2 m from the labeled Acacia trees were 15N enriched. This shows belowground N transfer from Acacia to Eucalyptus trees in the field during the first few days after labeling. This facilitation process may provide a significant amount of the nitrogen requirements of trees close to N-fixing trees in mixed forests. USP-ESALQ Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 CIRAD UMR Eco andSols Écologie Fonctionnelle and oBiogéochimie des Sols and Agroécosystèmes, 2 Place Viala USP-CENA Divisão de Desenvolvimento de Técnicas Analíticas e Nucleares, Av. Centenário, 303 INRA UR 1138 Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers CIRAD UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis INRA UMR Eco andSols Écologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols and Agroécosystèmes, 2 Place Viala UNESP Departamento de Ciência Florestal Julio de Mesquita Filho UNESP Departamento de Ciência Florestal Julio de Mesquita Filho
Published: 2015
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17. Diversity and structure of bacterial communities associated with P hanerochaete chrysosporium during wood decay

Author: Hervé, Vincent, Le Roux, Xavier, Uroz, Stéphane, Gelhaye, Eric, Frey-Klett, Pascale, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Lorraine Region, an ANR project [ANR-09-BLAN-0012], French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the 'Investissements d'Avenir' programme [ANR-11-LABX-0002-01], INRA-EFPA, [IFR110/EFABA], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes ( IAM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: Xanthomonadaceae, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Time Factors, Burkholderia, [ SDV.TOX ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Phanerochaete, complex mixtures, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Trees, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Fagus, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Soil Microbiology, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Microbiota, technology, industry, and agriculture, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genes, rRNA, Biodiversity, Wood, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, wood decay, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, wood decay, Rhizobium, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Wood recycling is key to forest biogeochemical cycles, largely driven by microorganisms such as white-rot fungi which naturally coexist with bacteria in the environment. We have tested whether and to what extent the diversity of the bacterial community associated with wood decay is determined by wood and/or by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chryso- sporium. We combined a microcosm approach with an enrichment procedure, using beech sawdust inoculated with or without P. chrysosporium. During 18 weeks, we used 16S rRNA gene-based pyro- sequencing to monitor the forest bacterial community inoculated into these microcosms. We found bacterial communities associated with wood to be substan- tially less diverse than the initial forest soil inoculum. The presence of most bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied over time and between replicates, regardless of their treatment, suggestive of the sto- chastic processes. However, we observed two OTUs belonging to Xanthomonadaceae and Rhizobium, together representing 50% of the relative bacterial abundance, as consistently associated with the wood substrate, regardless of fungal presence. Moreover, after 12 weeks, the bacterial community composition based on relative abundance was signiﬁcantly modi- ﬁed by the presence of the white-rot fungus. Effec- tively, members of the Burkholderia genus were Wood recycling is key to forest biogeochemical cycles, largely driven by microorganisms such as white-rot fungi which naturally coexist with bacteria in the environment. We have tested whether and to what extent the diversity of the bacterial community associated with wood decay is determined by wood and/or by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. We combined a microcosm approach with an enrichment procedure, using beech sawdust inoculated with or without P. chrysosporium. During 18 weeks, we used 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing to monitor the forest bacterial community inoculated into these microcosms. We found bacterial communities associated with wood to be substantially less diverse than the initial forest soil inoculum. The presence of most bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied over time and between replicates, regardless of their treatment, suggestive of the stochastic processes. However, we observed two OTUs belonging to Xanthomonadaceae and Rhizobium, together representing 50% of the relative bacterial abundance, as consistently associated with the wood substrate, regardless of fungal presence. Moreover, after 12 weeks, the bacterial community composition based on relative abundance was significantly modified by the presence of the white-rot fungus. Effectively, members of the Burkholderia genus were always associated with P. chrysosporium, representing potential taxonomic bioindicators of the white-rot mycosphere .
Published: 2014
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18. Synchronie entre l'offre et la demande dans le cycle des nutriments: apprendre des écosystèmes naturels pour construire des agrosystèmes durables

Author: Fontaine, Sébastien, Abbadie, Luc, Aubert, Michaël, Barot, Sébastien, Bloor, Juliette, Derrien, Delphine, Duchene, Olivier, Gross, Nicolas, Henneron, Ludovic, Le Roux, Xavier, Loeuille, Nicolas, Michel, Jennifer, Recous, Sylvie, Wipf, Daniel, Alvarez, Gaël, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département écologie et biodiversité des milieux forestiers, prairiaux et aquatiques (ECODIV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Agroécologie et Environnement (AGE), Isara, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Liège, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Fontaine, Sébastien
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, agroecology, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, ecosystem nutrient economy, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, mimicking, soil carbon sequestration, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, litter, nitrogen fixation, soil organic matter, soil nutrient dissolution, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, organic nutrient reserve, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, rhizosphere, plant-soil interactions, feedbacks
Abstract: Redesigning agrosystems with more ecological regulations can help feed a growing population, preserve soils for future productivity and reduce environmental impacts. However, guidelines for redesigning agrosystems from natural systems are limited. Reviewing the last knowledge of ecosystem functioning, we outlined four ecological systems synchronizing the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota to fluctuating plant nutrient demand. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrient, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. We detail how ecological systems promoting synchrony can be installed in agrosystems to improve their sustainability and reduce the use of mineral fertilizers.
Published: 2023

19. Design theory to better target public health priorities: An application to Lyme disease in France

Author: Vourc'H, Gwenaël, Un, Katherine, Berthet, Elsa, Frey-Klett, Pascale, Le Masson, Pascal, Weil, Benoit, Lesens, Olivier, Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 (CGS i3), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (SMIT), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, The research position of KU was founded by the Chair of Design Theory and Methods for Innovation., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Lyme Disease, Health Priorities, Innovative design, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, chronic diseases, Design theories, Tick-Borne Diseases, Concept knowledge, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public Health, France, Ecosystem, Public health prevention
Abstract: In the context of complex public health challenges led by interdependent changes such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resistance to treatment, it is important to mobilize methods that guide us to generate innovative interventions in a context of uncertainty and unknown. Here, we mobilized the concept-knowledge (CK) design theory to identify innovative, cross-sectoral, and cross-disciplinary research and design programs that address the challenges posed by tick-borne Lyme disease in France, which is of growing importance in the French public health and healthcare systems. Within the CK methodological framework, we developed an iterative approach based on literature analysis, expert interviews, analysis of active French research projects, and work with CK experts to contribute to design “an action plan against Lyme disease.” We produced a CK diagram that highlights innovative concepts that could be addressed in research projects. The outcome is discussed within four areas: (i) effectiveness; (ii) environmental sustainability in prevention actions; (iii) the promotion of constructive involvement of citizens in Lyme challenges; and (iv) the development of care protocols for chronic conditions with an unknown diagnosis. Altogether, our analysis questioned the health targets ranging from population to ecosystem, the citizen involvement, and the patient consideration. This means integrating social and ecological science, as well as the multidisciplinary medical patient journey, from the start. CK theory is a promising framework to assist public health professionals in designing programs for complex yet urgent contexts, where research and data collection are still not sufficient to provide clear guidance.
Published: 2022
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20. AnaEE-France research infrastructure services for experimental studies on soil biodiversity and associated ecological functions

Author: Abad Chabbi, Andre Chanzy, Jean Clobert, Sabine Houot, Katja Klumpp, Francois Lafolie, Jean-François Le Galliard, Benjamin Loubet, Christian Mougin, Christian Pichot, Lionel Ranjard, Roy, J., laurent saint-andre, Bernhard Zeller, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecotron européen, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), ANR-11-INBS-0001, UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), USR SEEM, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes ( URFM 629 ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), and Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF )
Subjects: base de données, expérimentation in vitro, Infrastructure, Expérimentation, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], plateforme de modélisation, AnaEE-France, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], écologie du sol, in vitro experimentation, fonctionnement des écosystèmes, écosystème
Abstract: AnaEE-France research infrastructure services for experimental studies on soil biodiversity and associated ecological functions. 1. Global Soil Biodiversity Conference : Assessing Soil Biodiversity and its Role for Ecosystem Services
Published: 2014

21. Effects of litter manipulation in a tropical Eucalyptus plantation on leaching of mineral nutrients, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon

Author: Jacques Ranger, Tiburce Matsoumbou, Bernhard Zeller, Louis Mareschal, Jean-Paul Laclau, Antoine Versini, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers UR1138, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles (CRDPI), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Departamento de Recursos Naturais, University of São Paulo (USP), CRDPI, Republic of Congo, EFC, French National Research Agency through the Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE ANR-12-LABXARBRE-01, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: Litière forestière, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, tree growth, DOC, 01 natural sciences, Dissolved nutrient, Dissolved organic carbon, Cation-exchange capacity, Transport des substances nutritives, Leaching (agriculture), DON, 2. Zero hunger, Eucalyptus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Composition chimique, dynamics, Plant litter, Plantation forestière, Environmental chemistry, Soil horizon, Écosystème forestier, Drainage, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, leaf-litter, grassland soils, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Soil Science, Soil science, forest soils, congo, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Croissance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Topsoil, Solubilité, adjacent savanna ecosystem, Soil organic matter, 15. Life on land, clonal stand, matter, K10 - Production forestière, Solution du sol, hubbard-brook, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Tropical soil
Abstract: Although many studies have shown that soil solution chemistry can be a reliable indicator of biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems, the effects of litter manipulations on the fluxes of dissolved elements in gravitational soil solutions have rarely been investigated. We estimated the fluxes of NH4-N, NO3-N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) over the first two years after re-planting Eucalyptus trees in the coastal area of Congo. Two treatments were replicated in two blocks after clear-cutting 7-year-old stands: in treatment R, all the litter above the mineral soil was removed before planting, and in a double slash (DS) treatment, the amount of harvest residues was doubled. The soil solutions were sampled down to a depth of 4 m and the water fluxes were estimated using the Hydrus 1D model parameterized from soil moisture measurements in 4 plots. Isotopic and spectroscopic analytical techniques were used to assess the changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties throughout the transfer in the soil. The first year after planting, the fluxes of NH4-N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl and DOC in the topsoil of the DS treatment were 2–5 times higher than in R, which showed that litter was a major source of dissolved nutrients. Nutrient fluxes in gravitational solutions decreased sharply in the second year after planting, irrespective of the soil depth, as a result of intense nutrient uptake by Eucalyptus trees. Losses of dissolved nutrients were noticeably low in these Eucalyptus plantations despite a low cation exchange capacity, a coarse soil texture and large amounts of harvest residues left on-site at the clear cut in the DS treatment. All together, these results clarified the strong effect of litter manipulation observed on eucalypt growth in Congolese sandy soils. DOM fluxes, as well as changes in δ13C, C:N and aromaticity of DOM throughout the soil profile showed that the organic compounds produced in the litter layer were mainly consumed by microorganisms or retained in the topsoil. Below a depth of 15 cm, most of the DOC and the DON originated from the first 2 cm of the soil and the exchanges between soil solutions and soil organic matter were low.
Published: 2014
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22. The importance of biomass net uptake for a trace metal budget in a forest stand in north-eastern France

Author: Manuel Nicolas, Laure Gandois, Anne Probst, Gregory Vanderheijden, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Office National des Forêts (ONF), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ADEME (French Agency for Environment), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Office National des Forêts - ONF (FRANCE), Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers - BEF (Nancy, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Office national des forêts (ONF)
Subjects: Stand budget – Stocks – Fluxes, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biomass, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trees, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Sylviculture, foresterie, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Forest ecology, Stocks, Forest ecosystem, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Trace metal, Leaching (agriculture), Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cadmium, biology, Ecology, Trace element, Stand budget, 15. Life on land, Vegetation uptake, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Abies alba, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Ecosystèmes, Fluxes, Metals, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, France, Environnement et Société, Abies, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The trace metal (TM: Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) budget (stocks and annual fluxes) was evaluated in a forest stand (silver fir, Abies alba Miller) in north-eastern France. Trace metal concentrations were measured in different tree compartments in order to assess TM partitioning and dynamics in the trees. Inputs included bulk deposition, estimated dry deposition and weathering. Outputs were leaching and biomass exportation. Atmospheric deposition was the main input flux. The estimated dry deposition accounted for about 40% of the total trace metal deposition. The relative importance of leaching (estimated by a lumped parameter water balance model, BILJOU) and net biomass uptake (harvesting) for ecosystem exportation depended on the element. Trace metal distribution between tree compartments (stem wood and bark, branches and needles) indicated that Pb was mainly stored in the stem, whereas Zn and Ni, and to a lesser extent Cd and Cu, were translocated to aerial parts of the trees and cycled in the ecosystem. For Zn and Ni, leaching was the main output flux (N95% of the total output) and the plot budget (input-output) was negative, whereas for Pb the biomass net exportation represented 60% of the outputs and the budget was balanced. Cadmium and Cu had intermediate behaviours, with 18% and 30% of the total output relative to biomass exportation, respectively, and the budgets were negative. The net uptake by biomass was particularly important for Pb budgets, less so for Cd and Cu and not very important for Zn and Ni in such forest stands.
Published: 2010
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23. Dynamics of the water extractable organic carbon pool during mineralisation in soils from a Douglas fir plantation and an oak-beech forest—an incubation experiment

Author: Jean Lévêque, Catherine Hénault, Anthony Gauthier, Philippe Amiotte-Suchet, Bernd Zeller, Paul N. Nelson, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Australia], James Cook University (JCU), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Work supported by grants from the Regional Council of Burgundy and from the Seine-Normandie Water Agency., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement ( MSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University ( JCU ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: Delta 13C, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil Science, Coniferous, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Dissolved organic carbon, Botany, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, Soil organic matter, Mineralisation, Deciduous, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract: 15 pages; International audience; In the context of land use change, the dynamics of the water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) pool and CO2 production were studied in soil from a native oak-beech forest and a Douglas fir plantation during a 98-day incubation at a range of temperatures from 8°C to 28°C. The soil organic carbon, water contents and mineralisation rates of soil samples from the 0–5 cm layer were higher in the native forest than in the Douglas fir plantation. During incubation, a temperature-dependent shift in the δ13C of respired CO2 was observed, suggesting that different carbon compounds were mineralised at different temperatures. The initial size of the WEOC pool was not affected by forest type. The WEOC pool size of samples from the native forest did not change consistently over time whereas it decreased significantly in samples from the Douglas plantation, irrespective of soil temperature. No clear changes in the δ13C values of the WEOC were observed, irrespective of soil origin. The fate of the WEOC, independent of soil organic carbon content or mineralisation rates, appeared to relate to forest types. Replacement of native oak-beech forest with Douglas fir plantation impacts carbon input to the soil, mineralisation rates and production of dissolved organic carbon.
Published: 2010
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24. Assessing the quality of dissolved organic matter in forest soils using ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry

Author: Frédéric Gérard, Michel Meyer, J. Jaffrain, Jacques Ranger, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers ( BEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Rhizosphère et Symbiose ( R&S ), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( ICMUB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rhizosphère et Symbiose (R&S), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR INRA / ENSAM : Rhizosphère et Symbiose (UMR R&S), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: sol, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, DOC, 01 natural sciences, Absorbance, Fagus sylvatica, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Botany, Dissolved organic carbon, Beech, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Chemistry, Soil organic matter, Sowing, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, dissolved organic carbon, UV, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry
Abstract: Abbreviations: DOC, dissolved organic carbon; SUVA, specifi c ultraviolet absorbance; UV, ultraviolet. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to investigate the effects, 30 yr after planting, of tree species substitution on the aromatic C content and related properties of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Precautions were taken to correct measurements for the absorbance of NO 3 and dissolved Fe. In litter leachates, a signifi cant reduction in the aromatic content of DOC was found in the Douglas-fi r [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] plantation but not in the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plantation. The disturbance of short-term C dynamics thus revealed agreed well with fi eld observations. Signifi cant differences in aromatic content were also found in capillary soil solutions from the two planted stands. Overall, these modifi cations, produced by the substitution of trees 30 yr previously, mostly concerned the beech plantation. Soil processes, and probably adsorption, played a central role in controlling the quality of DOC in this soil and appeared to be infl uenced by the species planted. In low-capillary solutions, located in larger pores, changes to the aromatic content were only detectable in the surface soil of the beech plantation. We found a more pronounced effect of tree substitution in high-capillary solutions fi lling soil micropores, where the aromatic content of DOC might be tightly controlled by soil organic matter. It is diffi cult to say, however, whether the planting of Douglas-fi r had actually accelerated soil recovery, or whether there will be future changes to attain a completely new equilibrium.
Published: 2007
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25. The mineral weathering ability of Collimonas pratensis PMB3(1) involves a Malleobactin‐mediated iron acquisition system

Author: Tiphaine Dhalleine, Stéphane Uroz, Marie-Pierre Turpault, Emmanuelle Morin, Philippe Oger, Laura Picard, Cédric Paris, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), Université de Lorraine (UL), Plateau d’Analyse Structurale et Métabolomique (PASM), Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie (MAP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiology of Extreme Environments (M2E), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, EC2CO program of the CNRS, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, and Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)
Subjects: Siderophore, Iron, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Microorganism, Mutant, Siderophores, Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), Weathering, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxalobacteraceae, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Chelation, Weather, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Minerals, 0303 health sciences, Strain (chemistry), 030306 microbiology, Hematite, Biochemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Mineral weathering by microorganisms is considered to occur through a succession of mechanisms based on acidification and chelation. While the role of acidification is established, the role of siderophores is difficult to disentangle from the effect of the acidification. We took advantage of the ability of strain Collimonas pratensis PMB3(1) to weather minerals but not to acidify depending on the carbon source to address the role of siderophores in mineral weathering. We identified a single non-ribosomal peptide synthetase responsible for siderophore biosynthesis in the PMB3(1) genome. By combining iron-chelating assays, targeted mutagenesis and chemical analyses (HPLC and LC-ESI-HRMS), we identified the siderophore produced as malleobactin X and how its production depends on the concentration of available iron. Comparison with the genome sequences of other collimonads evidenced that malleobactin production seems to be a relatively conserved functional trait, though some collimonads harbored other siderophore synthesis systems. We also revealed by comparing the wild-type strain and its mutant impaired in the production of malleobactin that the ability to produce this siderophore is essential to allow the dissolution of hematite under non-acidifying conditions. This study represents the first characterization of the siderophore produced by collimonads and its role in mineral weathering.
Published: 2021
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26. Plants use water in the pores of rock fragments during drought

Author: Isabelle Cousin, Marion Tetegan, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Anatja Samouëlian, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, hydrological processes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Soil science, drought, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, water stress, Cutting, Water balance, Rock fragment, stomatal conductivity, water absorption, Evapotranspiration, Water content, rock fragments, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, stony soil, Loam, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Soils are composed of both fine and coarse materials. Coarse material (> 2 mm) is considered to be inert and is usually discarded in models of plant water balance, even though it affects soil properties. No studies have yet attempted to assess whether rock fragments may act as a water reservoir for plants. Cuttings of Populus euramericana were planted in 5-L pots containing reconstituted soil made up of fine earth (silty clay loam texture) and either limestone or inert (quartz) pebbles (rock fragments 2–5 cm) at 0, 20, and 40% volume in a cross-factorial experiment. Two drought periods were applied and the growth, evapotranspiration, water stress status by stomatal conductance, and water content of the two soil phases (fine earth and pebbles) were monitored. First, pebbles can contain water, and ignoring this water induced and underestimations of the soil available water content by respectively 11% and 30% for the treatment with 20% and 40% limestone pebbles. Second, the plants grown on limestone pebbles were up to 70% less stressed than the plants grown on inert pebbles during drought. Third, stomatal conductance, a water stress indicator, was correlated with the water content of both the fine earth and the limestone pebbles. These results demonstrate that limestone rock fragments can retain available water and act as a reservoir during drought periods.
Published: 2020
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27. Annals of Forest Science promotes multidisciplinary research on forests and wood in a changing world and is now a full Open Access journal

Author: Erwin Dreyer, Jean Michel Leban, Shuguang Léo Liu, Andreas Bolte, John Lhotka, Marco Ferretti, Véronique Lesage, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT ), Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, University of Kentucky (UK), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Ecology, Forestry
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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28. Effet des espèces d'arbres et des propriétés du site forestier sur la biochimie de la matière organique

Author: Khalfallah, Fadwa, Derrien, Delphine, Buée, Marc, Dignac, Marie-France, Augusto, Laurent, AUGUSTO, Laurent, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Analyse des sols, Biochimie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

29. Use of stable Mg isotope ratios in identifying the base cation sources of stream water in the boreal Krycklan catchment (Sweden)

Author: Bolou-Bi B. Emile, Stephan Jürgen Köhler, A. Legout, B. Pollier, Hjalmar Laudon, Kevin Bishop, Jérôme Gaillardet, Pascale Louvat, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Weathering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Geochemistry and Petrology, Magnesium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, Krycklan, Geology, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Throughfall, Stable isotope, Watershed, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Snowmelt, Surface runoff, Groundwater, Riparian soil
Abstract: International audience; The knowledge of the sources of base cations in stream water is a prerequisite to assess potential effects of changing environmental conditions such as changing rainfall, weathering or groundwater flows on cation export with stream water. This study use stable Mg isotopes to identify potential sources in the well-studied catchment of Krycklan located on gneissic bedrock covered by quaternary sediments in Sweden. Samples were collected from open filed rain, throughfall, stream, soil, rock and litterfall. The δ26Mg values of these samples was determined and the contributions of different sources to Mg fluxes in the stream were determined from the variation of the Mg isotope and Sr / Mg ratios.The results show an overall variation of 1.10‰ between all samples. In addition, Magnesium isotope ratios varied little in the streamwater and in soil solution, except during snowmelt periods during which a large portion of the annual runoff occurs. Magnesium in the streamwater is explained as a mixture of three pools (open field rain, soil solution and groundwater) with the latter two influenced by catchment processes. Outside the snowmelt period, Mg in streamwater mainly derived from the groundwater, assumed to be mineral weathering signature in this catchment, with a contribution ranging from 12 to 63% to Mg fluxes. Open field rain dominates Mg fluxes in streamwater during spring flood (0 to 78%) and may contribute significantly during larger summer and autumn rainfall events. Soil solution input to streamwater range from 16 to 59% of Mg fluxes in streamwater. Our results demonstrate that δ26Mg values together with Mg concentrations and Sr/Mg ratios can be used to constrain the Mg sources of stream water and quantify weathering release rates.
Published: 2022
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30. Advancing the mechanistic understanding of the priming effect on soil organic matter mineralisation

Author: Laetitia Bernard, Isabelle Basile‐Doelsch, Delphine Derrien, Nicolas Fanin, Sébastien Fontaine, Bertrand Guenet, Battle Karimi, Claire Marsden, Pierre‐Alain Maron, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Novasol Experts [Dijon], Agroécologie [Dijon], and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, model, spriming effect, microbial actors, carbon cycle, enzymes, minerals, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, ecosystem services, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, soil
Abstract: International audience; The priming effect (PE) is a key mechanism contributing to the carbon balance of the soil ecosystem. Almost 100 years of research since its discovery in 1926 have led to a rich body of scientific publications to identify the drivers and mechanisms involved. A few review articles have summarised the acquired knowledge; the last major one was published in 2010. Since then, knowledge on the soil microbial communities involved in PE and in PE + C sequestration mechanisms has been considerably renewed. This article reviews current knowledge on soil PE to state to what extent new insights may improve our ability to understand and predict the evolution of soil C stocks. We propose a framework to unify the different concepts and terms that have emerged from the international scientific community on this topic, report recent discoveries and identify key research needs. Seventy per cent of the studies on the soil PE were published in the last 10 years, illustrating a renewed interest for PE, probably linked to the increased concern about the importance of soil carbon for climate change and food security issues. Among all the drivers and mechanisms proposed along with the different studies to explain PE, some are named differently but actually refer to the same object. This overall introduces 'artificial' complexity for the mechanistic understanding of PE, and we propose a common, shared terminology. Despite the remaining knowledge gaps, consistent progress has been achieved to decipher the abiotic mechanisms underlying PE, together with the role of enzymes and the identity of the microbial actors involved. However, including PE into mechanistic models of SOM dynamics remains challenging as long as the mechanisms are not fully understood. In the meantime, empirical alternatives are available that reproduce observations accurately when calibration is robust. Based on the current state of knowledge, we propose different scenarios depicting to what extent PE may impact ecosystem services under climate change conditions.
Published: 2022
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31. Biogeochemical cycling of nickel and nutrients in a natural high-density stand of the hyperaccumulator Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi in Sabah, Malaysia

Author: Sukaibin Sumail, Bernhard Zeller, Romane Tisserand, Antony van der Ent, Guillaume Echevarria, Philip Nti Nkrumah, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sustainable Minerals Institute, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation (SMI-CMLR (UQ)), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Sabah Parks, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Nutrient cycling, Nutrient, Litter, Hyperaccumulator, Nickel hyperaccumulator plants, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ultramafic soils, Cambisol, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Biogeochemistry, Throughfall, Southeast Asia, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil fertility, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The extend of biogeochemical cycling of nickel (Ni) by tropical hyperaccumulator plants in their native habitat is largely unknown, although these unusual plants are suspected to play a major role in the recycling of this element in ultramafic ecosystems. In this study, we have assessed the biogeochemical cycling of Ni (and other elements, including mineral nutrients) by a tropical Ni hyperaccumulator plant, i.e., Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi, which is one of the most promising species for tropical Ni agromining. The study site was a young secondary forest in Sabah (Malaysia) where Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi occurs as the dominant species on an ultramafic Cambisol. For 2 years, we monitored a 100-m2 plot and collected information on weather, biomass increase, soil fertility, water fluxes to the soil and litter fluxes for a wide range of elements, including Ni. The Ni cycle is mainly driven by internal fluxes, notably the degradation and recycling of Ni-rich litter. Over the period of investigation, the Ni litter flux corresponded to the total Ni stock of the litter (5.2 g m−2 year−1). The results further show that Ni turnover varies significantly with the accumulation properties of the plant cover. This points to the major influence of Ni hyperaccumulator plants in building up Ni available stocks in the topsoils, as has also been shown in temperate ultramafic systems. Litterfall and throughfall contribute substantially to the cycling of phosphorus, sulphur and potassium in this ecosystem, with throughfall contributing 2-, 220- and 20-fold higher to the respective nutrient fluxes relative to litterfall. The magnesium:calcium ratio far exceeded 1 in the soil, but was < 1 in the leaves of Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi. The insights from this study should be taken into account when designing tropical agromining operations; as Ni stocks could be more labile than initially thought. The removal of Ni- and nutrients-rich biomass will likely affect available Ni (and major nutrients) for the next cropping seasons, and requires sustainable fertilisation, to be utilized to replenish depleted major nutrients. These findings also have major ecological implications.
Published: 2022
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32. Forest trees species shape the biochemistry of soil organic matter under the control of their associated microbial communities

Author: Khalfallah, Fadwa, Dignac, Marie-France, Biron, Philippe, Felbacq, A., de Schrijver, An, Legout, Arnaud, Smolander, Aino, Vanguelova, Elena, Verheyen, Kris, Vesterdal, Lars, Bernd, Zeller, Augusto, Laurent, Buée, Marc, Derrien, Delphine, AUGUSTO, Laurent, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest carbon reservoir on the continents. It contains three to four times more carbon than vegetation. SOM content is particularly high in forest ecosystems, which cover 30% of Europe. The tree species is one of the main factors influencing the storage and biochemistry of soil organic matter, through its litter quality and the species-specific microbial communities.
Published: 2022

33. Conventional analysis methods underestimate the plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium in forest soils

Author: Gregory van der Heijden, Jérémie Bel, Jean-Paul Laclau, Stefan Löfgren, Steven J. Hall, Arnaud Legout, Laurent Saint-André, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Potassium, Disponibilité nutriments (sol), lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Substance nutritive, Nutrient, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Magnesium, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Méthode de dilution isotopique, Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507), Soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biogeochemistry, Disponibilité d'élément nutritif, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Analyse de sol, Écosystème forestier, Biogeochemical cycle, Soil test, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil Science, Article, Forest ecology, Author Correction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Soil organic matter, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, Environmental sciences, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Geochemistry, Soil water, Biodisponibilité, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Sol de forêt, lcsh:Q, Calcium
Abstract: The plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium are assumed to be stored in the soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the cation exchange complex. In numerous forest ecosystems, despite very low plant-available pools, elevated forest productivities are sustained. We hypothesize that trees access nutrient sources in the soil that are currently unaccounted by conventional soil analysis methods. We carried out an isotopic dilution assay to quantify the plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium and trace the soil phases that support these pools in 143 individual soil samples covering 3 climatic zones and 5 different soil types. For 81%, 87% and 90% of the soil samples (respectively for Ca, Mg and K), the plant-available pools measured by isotopic dilution were greater than the conventional exchangeable pool. This additional pool is most likely supported by secondary non-crystalline mineral phases in interaction with soil organic matter and represents in many cases (respectively 43%, 27% and 47% of the soil samples) a substantial amount of plant-available nutrient cations (50% greater than the conventional exchangeable pools) that is likely to play an essential role in the biogeochemical functioning of forest ecosystems, in particular when the resources of Ca, Mg and K are low.
Published: 2021
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34. Is the management of forest soil fertility at a turning point? A brief conclusion

Author: Ludovic Henneron, Gregory van der Heijden, Erwin Dreyer, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), UAR 0343 Présidence du centre de Nancy, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: Agroforestry, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forestry, Fertility, 15. Life on land, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil water, Forest ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Turning point, Soil fertility, Management practices, media_common
Abstract: It is quite a challenge to produce a definitive conclusion around a question like the fertility of forest soils, because this fertility evolves with time and is under the pressure of management practices and climate. We therefore chose to present three different points of view on this topic, two from young researchers who contributed to the workshop and the third from a senior researcher in forest ecology with only little background in soil science.
Published: 2021

35. How tree species with contrasting biological nitrification inhibition capacity influence denitrifier activity and abundance? Insights from reciprocal transfers of soil

Author: X. Le Roux, Bernd Zeller, Alessandro Florio, C. Bréfort, Franck Poly, C. Creuze des Chatelliers, J. Gervaix, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Denitrification, Soil Science, Soil transplantation experiment, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Abundance (ecology), Leaching (agriculture), Beech, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Temperate forest, Nitrobacter, Denitrification stimulation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Nir, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Soil nitrogen cycle, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Nitrification, Nitrification stimulation, Biological nitrification inhibition, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; We evaluated whether and how rapidly temperate forest tree species able to stimulate or inhibit nitrification (through biological nitrification inhibition, BNI) also influence denitrifier activity and abundance in soil and identified the main determinants of changes in denitrification. A reciprocal soil core transfer approach was implemented at a long-term experimental site between Douglas fir, a species assumed to stimulate nitrification, and stands of tree species with (spruce and Nordmann fir) or without (Corsican pine and beech) BNI capacity. Sixteen months after soil transfer, potential denitrification decreased in soils transferred from Douglas fir to another tree species and increased in soil cores transferred from any species to Douglas fir. The change in denitrification was not related to the BNI capacity of the tree species 'receiving' the soil cores. Structural equation modelling revealed that in soil cores transferred between Douglas fir and BNI species, changes in denitrification were mainly correlated to nitrifier abundances, i.e. AOA and Nitrobacter, nitrification rates, and soil NO3- availability, whereas in soil cores transferred between Douglas fir and non-BNI species denitrification changes were well correlated to C availability and the abundance of nirK-harbouring denitrifiers. Overall, our results indicate that denitrification rates can change strongly and quickly following soil transfers between tree stands. Particularly, when Douglas fir replaces BNI tree species, this quickly results in both increased nitrification and denitrification rates, thus exacerbating the ensuing risk of increased NO3- leaching and N2O emission from soil.
Published: 2021
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36. Which recovery from acid rains in the Vosges Mountains after 30 years ?

Author: Pons, Marie-Noëlle, Kouakou, E, Pontvianne, S, Guérold, François, Pollier, B, Legout, Arnaud, Poszwa, Anne, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Pons, Marie-Noëlle
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Some 30 years ago, surveys of the surface water quality in the Vosges Moutains revealed a strong headstream water acidification, with high concentrations in dissolved aluminium, and the observed consequences on the aquatic biodiversity (Probst et al., 1990). In the early 2000s some of these headstreams (Grand Clos, Ventron, Rouge Rupt, Cellet) were included in a set of 16 headstreams which constitute the Vosges Acidification Observatory of the Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle. Their surface water has been sampled monthly and analyzed in terms of major anions and cations, as well as dissolved aluminium and, since 2012, in terms of dissolved organic matter.In spring 2021, a new survey of the headstreams investigated in the 1990s was organized. Nineteen streams could be sampled. All the streams running on granite bedrock had a higher pH than in 1990. Most of them showed lower aluminium concentrations. The improvement for headstreams running on sandstone seems more limited and new data need to be collected. The presentation will include data collected in summer 2021 as well as long term data for the headstreams included in the Vosges Acidification Observatory to check seasonal and yearly effects.
Published: 2021

37. Mise en place du système d'information pour la gestion des données des dispositifs expérimentaux de l’infrastructure nationale IN-SYLVA France (adaptation des forêts et l’innovation sylvicole)

Author: Christian Pichot, Philippe Clastre, Amélie Fiocca, Céline Meredieu, laurent saint-andre, Benjamin Jaillet, Alex Ducret, Aurore Bontemps, Alain Benard, Fabrice Benedet, Alain Bouvet, Christian Ginisty, Bruno Hérault, Célia Michotey, Eric Paillassa, Plinio Sist, Sonia Said, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA), CNPF-IDF, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Ministère en charge des forêts (MAA), INRAE, OFB, CIRAD, FCBA, CNPF, ONF, Université de Rouen - Normandie, and Convention n° E 14/2018 du 18 décembre 2018
Subjects: Sylviculture, Génetique, Métadonnées, Infrastructure de recherche, Système d'information, Expérimentation forestière, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Biogéochimie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: L’infrastructure nationale de recherche IN-SYLVA France rassemble les acteurs français publics et privés de la recherche forestière en génétique, sylviculture et des cycles biogéochimiques (https://www6.inrae.fr/in-sylva-france/). Elle fédère i) les réseaux d'expérimentations in situ tempérés et tropicaux gérés (5000 essais expérimentaux sur 4000 ha), ii) les laboratoires analytiques (écologie fonctionnelle, propriétés du bois et génomique) ainsi que iii) les ressources numériques pour la gestion des données et la modélisation. Un des enjeux majeur de cette infrastructure est fédérer les Systèmes d'Information (SI) des différentes composantes d’IN-SYLVA France pour le porter à connaissance des ressources et services offerts par l’infrastructure, la structuration de ces services, leur accessibilité et leur interopérabilité. Le projet a permis de construire le cahier des charges du Système d’Information de IN-SYLVA France, d’évaluer les solutions techniques développées pour des projets de même nature, d’initier le développement du portail IN-SYLVA France et de son alimentation, d’élaborer les standards pour les métadonnées et les référentiels, et enfin de soutenir le développement des SI des partenaires pour l'alimentation du portail et l'accès aux données. Au-delà, le travail conduit pour le développement du SI a significativement contribué à renforcer les échanges entre partenaires sur les problématiques de gestion des données/métadonnées pour leur partage et réutilisation et à acculturer la communauté IN-SYLVA France à des pratiques de gestion des données vertueuses pour le développement d’une science plus ouverte. L’infrastructure IN-SYLVA France et le travail réalisé sur la gestion des connaissances ont été présentés au congrès forestier mondial de 2019. Les codes développés sont hébergés sur la forge ‘forgemia’ de INRAE. le Cahier des charges du SI IN-SYLVA France, ainsi que les référentiels partagés pour l’expérimentation forestière sylvicole et de génétique sont disponibles sur le site https://data.inrae.fr/dataverse/.
Published: 2021

38. Open-Source Script for Design and 3D Printing of Porous Structures for Soil Science

Author: Bedell, Romain, Hassan, Alaa, Tinet, Anne-Julie, Arrieta-Escobar, Javier, Derrien, Delphine, DIGNAC, Marie-France, Boly, Vincent, Ouvrard, Stéphanie, Pearce, Joshua, Equipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs (ERPI), Université de Lorraine (UL), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ONT. N6A 5B9, Canada, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and University of Western Ontario (UWO)-University of Western Ontario (UWO)
Subjects: [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Technology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, slicing, modeling, 3D printing, open-source image processing software, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, soil structure, additive manufacturing, open-source
Abstract: International audience; Three-dimensional (3D) printing in soil science is relatively rare but offers promising directions for research. Having 3D-printed soil samples will help academics and researchers conduct experiments in a reproducible and participatory research network and gain a better understanding of the studied soil parameters. One of the most important challenges in utilizing 3D printing techniques for soil modeling is the manufacturing of a soil structure. Until now, the most widespread method for printing porous soil structures is based on scanning a real sample via X-ray tomography. The aim of this paper is to design a porous soil structure based on mathematical models rather than on samples themselves. This can allow soil scientists to design and parameterize their samples according to their desired experiments. An open-source toolchain is developed using a Lua script, in the IceSL slicer, with graphical user interface to enable researchers to create and configure their digital soil models, called monoliths, without using meshing algorithms or STL files which reduce the resolution of the model. Examples of monoliths are 3D-printed in polylactic acid using fused filament fabrication technology with a layer thickness of 0.20, 0.12, and 0.08 mm. The images generated from the digital model slicing are analyzed using open-source ImageJ software to obtain information about internal geometrical shape, porosity, tortuosity, grain size distribution, and hydraulic conductivities. The results show that the developed script enables designing reproducible numerical models that imitate soil structures with defined pore and grain sizes in a range between coarse sand (from 1 mm diameter) to fine gravel (up to 12 mm diameter).
Published: 2021
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39. On the structure and chemistry of fossils of the earliest woody plant

Author: Sylvain Bernard, Alan R.T. Spencer, Christine Strullu-Derrien, Delphine Derrien, Laurent Remusat, Paul Kenrick, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ERC project PaleoNanoLife 161764, LabEx ARBRE Nancy ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Palaeontological Association, UK PA-RG201602, LabEx BCDiv Paris ANR-10-LABX-0003, Fondation Mecenes et Loire, Angers (France), Region Ile-de-France SESAME 2000 E 1435, EPN science campus, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), National Research Centre (NRC), University of Saskatchewan, French Atomic Energy Commission, Region Ile-de-France, Departmental Council of Essonne, Region Centre-Val de Loire, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LabEx ARBRE : Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems ([LabEx ARBRE]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-CRITT Bois-Office national des forêts (ONF)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Propriété Forestière-European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Egham], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Région Ile-de-France, and Région Centre-Val de Loire
Subjects: XANES spectroscopy, Fossilization, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], woody plant, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Lignin, 01 natural sciences, MATURATION, paleobiology, Devonian, Paleontology, ORGANIC-CARBON, plante ligneuse, tracheide, Pyrobitumen, MICROORGANISMS, PRESERVATION, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, paléobiologie, geography, fossil, geography.geographical_feature_category, ORIGIN, tracheid, Massif, plante fossilisee, BIOMINERALIZATION, EVOLUTION, Earliest Woody Plant, XANES, Gondwana, fossile, MOBILITY, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Microtomography, Tracheid, plante fossilisée, Evolutionary history of life, MICROFOSSILS, Woody plant
Abstract: International audience; Palaeontology relies on the description of fossil morphologies to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth. Yet much remains unknown about the impact of fossilization processes, even though these may introduce biases into palaeobiological interpretations.Here, we report the characterization of fossilized remains of the earliest known woody plant Armoricaphyton chateaupannense preserved either in 2D (as flat carbonaceous films) or in 3D (as organo-mineral structures) in early Devonian shales (c. 407 Ma) of the Armorican Massif on the northern margin of Gondwana.To document the fine-scale structure and the chemistry of the tracheids of this ancient plant, we used propagation phase contrast synchrotron radiation X-ray microcomputed tomography (PPC-SR mu CT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. PPC-SR mu CT enables digital visualization of cell walls in unprecedented detail for the specimens preserved in 3D revealing structures similar to those observed in extant lignified cells, thereby strongly suggesting that the earliest woody plant A. chateaupannense originally contained lignin compounds. STXM-based XANES and TEM data show that, whatever the preservation modes (3D vs 2D), the remaining organic matter has a chemical composition rather typical of pyrobitumen compounds, raising the possibility of an original source other than lignin.The pyrobitumen compounds also contains automorphic Ti-nanominerals interpreted as a diagenetic feature. Altogether, the present study illustrates that anatomical and chemical preservations may not always be correlated.
Published: 2019
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40. Impact of compaction on two sensitive forest soils in Lorraine (France) assessed by the changes occurring in the perched water table

Author: Jacques Ranger, D. Tisserand, Gilles Nourrisson, Pascal Bonnaud, Philippe Santenoise, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (COMUE) (UGA), DST project of the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development (MEDD - Gessol), French Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery (MAP), French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-05-PADD-013, ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, ANR-11-INBS-0001, Europe through Feder 12000266, French National Office of Forestry (O.N.F.), Region Lorraine, and GIP Ecofor (Allenvi-Soere)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Water table, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil science, mécanisation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, soil compaction, compactage du sol, mechanical system, Soil pH, Subsoil, Water content, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Forestry, Soil classification, RECOVERY, 15. Life on land, forest soil, Soil type, est de la france, Soil compaction, Soil water, GROWTH, nappe phréatique, France, sol forestier, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The mechanisation of forestry operations is too recent in France to have enough perspective and scientific knowledge of the effects on extensively managed soils. Two experimental sites on soils sensitive to compaction (silty acidic soils laying on top of a clayey subsoil) were set in Lorraine (France). A gentle and controlled compaction of these physically very analogous soils was carried out during spring 2007 at the Azerailles site (AZ) and during spring 2008 at the Clermont-en-Argonne site (CA). Immediate changes were observed for all ecosystem physical, chemical and biological functioning indicators. Soil restoration dynamics were followed using continuous monitoring of numerous parameters, including soil moisture and occurrence of a perched water table (PWT) (monitored at a daily time step) and PWT chemistry (monthly time step). Mid-term monitoring (7–8 years) results showed that both soils shifted towards a hydromorphic soil type attested by the increase in PWT frequency and duration, which invaded the soil upper layers, leading to characteristic Fe, Mn and S mobility and a change in organic compounds stability. Though soil types were very similar, the PWT characteristics varied notably between both sites. The mean residence time of the PWT was shown to be a major driver of its geochemistry, but with strong interaction with soil characteristics. A previous study made on both sites suggested that soil clay content and clay mineralogy controls the PWT dynamics through effects on aggregation. From a PWT perspective, seven years of monitoring were insufficient to observe any soil compaction recovery in the richer soil of AZ but a partial recovery was observed for the chemically poorer soil (CA). Compaction durably impacted the two studied soils and the probability that a new compaction event may occur before the complete recovery from the first disturbance must be considered in forest management.
Published: 2019
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41. Short-term nitrogen dynamics are impacted by defoliation and drought in Fagus sylvatica L. branches

Author: Christian Hossann, Nathalie Bréda, Nicolas Angeli, Pierre-Antoine Chuste, Dominique Gérant, Pascale Maillard, Joseph Levillain, Rémi Wortemann, Catherine Massonnet, Berndt Zeller, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Food Chain, Nitrogen, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, Fagus sylvatica L, stable isotope labeling, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Fagus sylvatica, Fagus, nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Beech, geography, defoliation, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, fungi, food and beverages, Plant physiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, Plant Leaves, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, soil water deficit, France, protein, Cycling, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The predicted recurrence of adverse climatic events such as droughts, which disrupt nutrient accessibility for trees, could jeopardize the nitrogen (N) metabolism in forest trees. Internal tree N cycling capacities are crucial to ensuring tree survival but how the N metabolism of forest trees responds to intense, repeated environmental stress is not well known. For 2 years, we submitted 9-year-old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees to either a moderate or a severe prolonged drought or a yearly removal of 75% of the foliage to induce internal N cycling changes. During the second year of stress, in spring and summer, we sprayed N-15-urea on the leaves (one branch per tree). Then, for 14 days, we traced the N-15 dynamics through the leaves, into foliar proteins and into the branch compartments (leaves and stems segments), as well as its long-distance transfer from the labeled branches to the tree apical twigs. Defoliation caused a short- and mid-term N increase in the leaves, which remained the main sink for N. Whatever the treatment and the date, most of the leaf N-15 stayed in the leaves and was invested in soluble proteins (60-68% of total leaf N). N-15 stayed more in the proximal part of the branch in response to drought compared with other treatments. The long-distance transport of N was maintained even under harsh drought, highlighting efficient internal N recycling in beech trees. Under extreme constraints creating an N and water imbalance, compensation mechanisms operated at the branch level in beech trees and allowed them (i) to maintain leaf N metabolism and protein synthesis and (ii) to ensure the seasonal short- and long-distance transfer of recycled leaf N even under drastic water shortage conditions.
Published: 2019
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42. Carbon and nitrogen transfer from litter to soil is higher in slow than rapid decomposing plant litter: A synthesis of stable isotope studies

Author: Zhengkun Hu, Xiaoyun Chen, Yong Zheng, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Xu Pan, Manqiang Liu, Feng Hu, Delphine Derrien, Nanjing Agricultural University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41877056 41977047, and China Agriculture Research System-Green Manure CARS-22
Subjects: Litter (animal), Isotope, Stable isotope ratio, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Microbiology, Decomposition, Nitrogen, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Litter decomposition rateSoil organic matterIsotope labelled litterCarbonNitrogenStabilization efficiency, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Litter decomposability determines litter mass loss rate, but how it affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage remains elusive. We compiled data from 25 litter decomposition studies tracing the fate of C and N during decomposition using stable C and N isotopes. An average of 24% of C lost from decomposing litter was recovered in the soil independent of the decomposition stage and the experimental conditions. In contrast, a higher amount of N lost from decomposing litter was recovered in the soil in laboratory (80%) than in field (58%) experiments. The proportion of the total C and N lost that was transferred to the soil was higher for slowly than for rapidly decomposing litter types. Our results demonstrate substantial soil C and especially N input from decomposing litters and suggest that slowly decomposing litters favor soil C and N storage compared to more rapidly decomposing litters
Published: 2021
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43. Influence of biological nitrification inhibition by forest tree species on soil denitrifiers and N2O emissions

Author: Serge Didier, Arnaud Legout, M. Marechal, Alessandro Florio, X. Le Roux, J. Gervaix, Bernd Zeller, C. Creuse des Chatelliers, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, INRAE (ECODIV Department), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), and ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Denitrification, biology, Soil Science, Picea abies, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, AOAN-limitation of denitrificationC-limitation of denitrificationnirnosZN2O fluxes, Microbiology, Fagus sylvatica, Agronomy, Soil pH, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Nitrification, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Abies nordmanniana
Abstract: International audience; Some forest tree species are able to carry out a process known as biological nitrification inhibition, BNI, i.e. they inhibit nitrifiers through the production of specific compounds. We tested the hypothesis that, by restricting N supply to NO2-- and N2O--reducers, BNI would decrease potential N2O production and consumption and in situ N2O emissions. as compared to soils under trees without BNI capacity. Soils were collected from long-term monocultures (>43 ys) of three tree species without BNI capacity (Fagus sylvatica, Pinus nigra and Pseudotsuga menziesii) and two tree species with BNI capacity (Abies nordmanniana and Picea abies). The level of limitation of denitrification by NO3 was high for species with BNI capacity and low for species without BNI capacity, and was correlated with potential nitrification rates and the abundances of genes specifically harboured by ammonia oxidizing archaea and Nitrobacter. However, potential denitrification and actual N2O emissions did not reflect the tree BNI status, and denitrification limitation by soil carbon was higher than limitation by N under three tree species. Structural equation modelling revealed that the ratio between the gene copy abundances of nitritereducers and N2O-reducers was the microbial variable that best explained N2O emissions, along with soil pH and moisture. In addition, the NO3- concentration in the soil solution at 60 cm depth increased with the potential nitrification-to-denitrification ratio, suggesting a higher risk of NO3 leaching under some tree species like Douglas fir.
Published: 2021
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44. Oak decaying wood harbors taxonomically and functionally different bacterial communities in sapwood and heartwood

Author: Stéphane Uroz, Catherine Lambrot, Sophie Mieszkin, Marc Buée, Laurent Augusto, Cyrille Bach, P. Richet, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: Forest floor, Oak decaying wood, Heartwood, Bacteria, Taxonomic diversity, Ecology, Bulk soil, technology, industry, and agriculture, Soil Science, Context (language use), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Biology, Microbiology, complex mixtures, Decomposer, Functional and metabolic potential, Habitat, Forest ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Colonization, Sapwood, Species richness
Abstract: International audience; Wood decay is an important process in forest ecosystems, which relies on wood chemical properties and the action of a complex community of decomposers. While the important role of fungi in this process is recognized, our knowledge concerning the colonization of decaying wood by bacteria, their relative distribution as well as their potential functional roles remain under-investigated. In this context, our aim was to characterize how the bacterial communities are structured at both taxonomic and functional levels along the soil-wood continuum, using oak discs positioned on the forest floor for nine months. Using a combination of culture-dependent and -independent methods associated to a physical measure of wood decay, we evidenced that at the middle stage of decay investigated, the heartwood- and sapwood-inhabiting bacterial communities significantly differed from one another in term of richness and taxonomic composition, but also from those of the bulk soil. The functional screening revealed low metabolic potentials and a higher frequency of cellulose decomposing bacteria in wood than in the bulk soil, suggesting an adaptation of these communities to this habitat and to the physical-chemical conditions occurring in decaying wood. Together, our data evidence that the colonization of decaying wood by bacteria is based on a deterministic process linking extrinsic and intrinsic factors.
Published: 2021
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45. Mg isotope composition in beech forest ecosystems and variations induced by liming: insights from four experimental sites in Northern France

Author: Emile B. Bolou-Bi, Claude Nys, Guillaume Caro, Benoît Pollier, Arnaud Legout, Mélanie Court, Julien Bouchez, Pascale Louvat, Gregory van der Heijden, Laurent Saint-André, Serge Didier, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Dept. des Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau et du Génie de l'Environnement, UFR des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières (UFR-STRM), Univ. de Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d' ivoire, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office National des Forets, Region Grand-Est, French National Research Agency (ANR), ANAEE France, LTSER Zone Atelier Bassin Moselle, Region Ile-de-France 12015908, and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mineralization (biology), complex mixtures, Nutrient, Forest ecology, Forest ecosystem, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Topsoil, Biogeochemical cycling, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Humus, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Dolomite lime, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Mg isotopes, Liming, Cycling, Calcium carbonate
Abstract: International audience; Many forest soils are acidic and have very low plant-available pools of magnesium. Past and present sylvicultural, nutritional and/or climatic pressures endured by forest ecosystems can result in net losses of nutrients and ecosystem function losses. Liming with a carbonate product is an alternative to counteract these degradations but the effects of liming on the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients over time and the dynamics of Mg released from liming products are still unclear. We studied the Mg isotopes composition in four paired-treatment experimental beech forest ecosystems in northern France. At the sites where dolomitic lime was applied, the variation in exchangeable and foliar δ26Mg demonstrated the direct contribution of dolomite-derived Mg to the replenishment of topsoil exchangeable pools and to tree nutrition improvement: dolomite-derived Mg was incorporated into the biological cycling which allows its retention on the mid to long term in the soil–plant system. At the sites limed with calcium carbonate, the changes in exchangeable and foliar Mg contents and δ26Mg observed on the long term suggest that the applied product contained a small amount of Mg and/or that Mg cycling changed after liming, to cope in particular with the low Mg availability. Lastly, our results highlight the high δ26Mg of the organic layer (humus): fractionation processes occurring within this layer (mineralization/ageing of organic matter, preferential retention of 26 Mg) could explain these singular signatures that could greatly influence the topsoil Mg exchangeable pools.
Published: 2021
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46. C-STABILITY an innovative modeling framework to leverage the continuous representation of organic matter

Author: Sainte-Marie, Julien, Barrandon, Matthieu, Saint-André, Laurent, Gelhaye, Eric, Martin, Francis, Derrien, Delphine, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine (IECL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Beijing Forestry University, and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: Models, Statistical, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbial Consortia, Proteins, Carbon cycle, Lignin, Lipids, Article, Microbial ecology, Soil, Soil microbiology, Geochemistry, Biodegradation, Environmental, Computer Simulation, Cellulose, Sugars, human activities, Biotransformation, Ecological modelling
Abstract: The understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics has considerably advanced in recent years. It was previously assumed that most SOM consisted of recalcitrant compounds, whereas the emerging view considers SOM as a range of polymers continuously processed into smaller molecules by decomposer enzymes. Mainstreaming this new paradigm in current models is challenging because of their ill-adapted framework. We propose the C-STABILITY model to resolve this issue. Its innovative framework combines compartmental and continuous modeling approaches to accurately reproduce SOM cycling processes. C-STABILITY emphasizes the influence of substrate accessibility on SOM turnover and makes enzymatic and microbial biotransformations of substrate explicit. Theoretical simulations provide new insights on how depolymerization and decomposers ecology impact organic matter chemistry and amount during decomposition and at steady state. The flexible mathematical structure of C-STABILITY offers a promising foundation for exploring new mechanistic hypotheses and supporting the design of future experiments., Soil organic matter (SOM) is a huge sink of carbon, but the varied flux dynamics are challenging to predict. Here, the authors present a new model with the complexities of SOM cycling, including parameters for substrate accessibility, microbe diversity, and enzymatic substrate depolymerization.
Published: 2021
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47. Produit permettant d'étudier l'évolution des matières organiques dans et sur les sol

Author: Dignac, Marie-France, Derrien, Delphine, Boly, Vincent, Dignac, Marie-France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure en Génie des Systèmes et de l'Innovation (ENSGSI), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, sol, matière organique, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, évolution
Published: 2021

48. Plant-availability of calcium, magnesium and potassium in forest soils : Quantifying, tracing and characterizing plant-available sources by stable isotopic dilution (⁴⁴Ca, ²⁶Mg and ⁴¹K)

Author: Bel, Jérémie, UL, Thèses, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lorraine, Laurent Saint-André, and Gregory Van der Heijden
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycling, Magnésium, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Isotopic tracing, Cycles biogéochimiques, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Traçage isotopique, Forêt, Biodisponibilité, Potassium, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant-availability, Calcium, Magnesium, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Forest, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study
Abstract: The plant available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium are commonly assumed to be stored in the soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the cationic exchange capacity and extractible with a concentrated salt reagent (e.g. NH₄⁺, Ba²⁺). Many forest ecosystems have low to very low exchangeable pools of nutrient cations in the soil yet they show no nutrient deficiency symptoms. The discrepancies between different soil chemical fertility diagnosis approaches suggest that trees access nutrient resources that are not currently taken into account by conventional soil analysis methods. In the context of global change, the degradation of the chemical fertility of forest soils is a major concern. Identifying and quantifying the plant-available resources of nutrients in the soil is thus essential to better understand the biogeochemical functioning of forest ecosystems and ensure their sustainable management. The main objective of this PhD research is to identify and quantify the pools of Ca, Mg and K that contribute directly to the geochemical equilibrium processes between the soil and the solution with an innovative approach: ⁴⁴Ca, ²⁶Mg and ⁴¹K stable isotopic dilution. The isotopically exchangeable pools of Ca, Mg and K were measured by isotopic dilution in 177 individual soil samples from 26 sites covering a wide range of climatic, soil and forest cover contexts. The results demonstrate that the source/sink pool of the soil (pool in geochemical equilibrium with the soil solution, i.e. isotopically exchangeable pool) was not solely composed of the exchangeable pools measured by conventional soil analysis methods. The isotopically exchangeable pools were greater than the conventional exchangeable pools for 81%, 87% and 90% of the analyzed samples respectively for Ca, Mg and K. The additional pools of Ca, Mg and K in many cases were greater than 50% of their respective conventional exchangeable pool. Although the isotopically exchangeable pools are mainly composed of Ca, Mg and K extractible with an NH₄⁺ reagent, results show that Ca, Mg and K contained in soil phases extractible with a strong acid (HNO₃) also contribute directly to equilibrium processes between the soil and the solution. These available pools that are not currently accounted for by conventional soil analysis methods, are likely associated to amorphous and poorly crystalline secondary minerals in interaction with organic compounds for Ca and to K-specific sites in phyllosilicates and/or amorphous aluminosilicates for K. Comparing the changes in conventional physical and chemical soil properties and isotopically exchangeable pools of Mg, Ca and K at 11 sites of the RENECOFOR network between two sampling dates 11 years apart enabled to demonstrate that the isotopically exchangeable pools are very dynamic and play an active role in buffering the plant-availability of nutrient cations in the soil., Les pools biodisponibles de calcium, magnésium et potassium sont considérés comme étant stocké dans les sols sous forme de cations échangeables adsorbés sur le complexe d’échange cationique et extractible avec une solution saline concentrée (e.g. NH₄⁺, Ba²⁺). Dans de nombreux écosystèmes forestiers, malgré des pools échangeables très faibles, les peuplements ne montrent aucun symptôme de carence pour ces cations nutritifs. Les discordances entre les différentes méthodes de diagnostic de la fertilité chimique du sol suggèrent que les arbres accèdent à des sources de nutriments non-quantifiés par les analyses conventionnelles des sols. Dans le contexte des changements globaux, dans lequel le risque de dégradation sur le long terme de la fertilité chimique des sols forestiers est accru, l’identification et la quantification des sources biodisponibles de nutriments dans les sols est essentiel pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement biogéochimique des écosystèmes forestiers et pour assurer la gestion durable de ces écosystèmes. L’objectif principal de ces travaux de thèse est d’identifier et quantifier les pools de Ca, Mg et K du sol qui contribuent directement aux réactions d’équilibre avec la solution du sol à travers une technique innovante de dilution isotopique utilisant les isotopes stables ⁴⁴Ca, ²⁶Mg et ⁴¹K. Pour cela, nous avons mesuré les pools isotopiquement échangeables de Ca, Mg et K par dilution isotopique de 177 échantillons individuels de sol provenant de 26 sites couvrant des conditions pédoclimatiques et de couvert forestiers différents. Les résultats ont mis en évidence que les pools source/puits du sol contribuant aux réactions d’équilibre avec la solution du sol ne se limitent pas à ceux mesurés par les méthodes conventionnelles d’analyses de sol. Les pools isotopiquement échangeables étaient supérieurs aux pools échangeables conventionnels pour 81%, 87% et 90% des échantillons respectivement pour le Ca, Mg et K. Ces pools additionnels pouvaient représenter, dans de nombreux cas, plus de 50% du pool quantifié par la méthode conventionnelle. Bien que les pools isotopiquement échangeables de Ca, Mg et K soient majoritairement constitués de Ca, Mg et K échangeables extractible par l’ion NH₄⁺, les résultats ont montré que du Ca, Mg et K contenus dans des phases du sol extractibles par un acide fort (HNO₃) contribuent également aux réactions d’équilibre avec la solution du sol. Ces pools disponibles sont associés à des minéraux secondaires amorphes et mal cristallisés en interactions avec les matières organiques du sol pour le Ca et à des sites spécifiques de K des phyllosilicates ainsi qu’à des phases aluminosilicatés amorphes pour le K. L’étude de l’évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques conventionnelles et des pools isotopiquement échangeables de Ca, Mg et K sur 11 sites du réseau RENECOFOR entre deux campagnes d’échantillonnage du sol à 15 ans d’intervalle a mis en évidence que les pools isotopiquement échangeables sont très dynamiques et jouent un rôle en tamponnant la biodisponibilité des cations nutritifs dans le sol.
Published: 2021

49. Understanding the behavior of the Basse de Courbeligne (Vosges, North-East France)

Author: Pons, Marie-Noëlle, Legrand, S, Grange, Manon, Pontvianne, Steve, Leblond, Sylvain, Pollier, Benoît, Legout, Arnaud, Poszwa, Anne, Pons, Marie-Noëlle, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office National des Forêts (ONF), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the project is to be able, ultimately, to model the behavior of the Basse de Courbeligne headstream in response to climate change and anthropogenic pressure (reduction of air pollution, forest management). The Basse de Courbeligne is a headstream flowing on sandstone (mainly Buntsandstein) in the Vosges Mountains (North-East France). Since 2002, the water quality (pH, conductivity, major anions and cations) in its upper section has been monitored monthly within the framework of the Vosges Acidification Observatory (https://deims.org/22915474-7c50-47c1-8239-6c59fa924a1b). Its pH is acidic (5.5, standard deviation (S.D.) = 0.7), its conductivity is low (16.4 µS/cm, S.D. = 5.7µS/cm) and its average concentration in dissolved aluminum is around 240 µg/L (S.D. 125 µg/L) (period 2012-2021). At the headstream source, the aluminum concentration can reach 540 µg/L.In 2016 three plots have been set up on the right steep bank and instrumented to monitor the surface runoff water quality. The pH of each plot runoff is slightly higher than the headstream pH, the conductivity being similar. The main difference with the headstream lies in the dissolved aluminum concentration, which is much lower: 60 to 80 µg/L (S.D. = 50 µg/L) between 2017 and now. In the future, these plots will be submitted to different forest management protocols. Recently the downstream section of the Basse de Courbeligne has been investigated, as an expansion of the monitoring of the headstream to its full watershed is desirable: it has been noticed that the water pH at the watershed outlet (i.e. confluence with the Gentil Sapin stream) might be much more neutral (around 7). A detailed survey of the stream has been done concerning its water quality as well as the watershed geology and soil characteristics. The combined effect of a fault and of lateral springs are playing key roles in the stream flow and its water quality.After summarizing the long-term water quality data collected on the watershed, a first attempt to model its behavior using HYPE will be proposed.
Published: 2021

50. Stocker du carbone dans les sols français, Quel potentiel et à quel coût ?

Author: Pellerin, Sylvain, Bamière, Laure, Savini, Isabelle, Rechauchère, Olivier, Launay, Camille, Martin, Raphaël, Schiavo, Michele, Angers, Denis, Augusto, Laurent, Balesdent, Jérôme, BASILE-DOELSCH, Isabelle, Bellassen, Valentin, Cardinael, Rémi, Cécillon, Lauric, Ceschia, Eric, Chenu, Claire, Constantin, Julie, Daroussin, Joël, Delacote, Philippe, Delame, Nathalie, Gastal, Francois, Gilbert, Daniel, Graux, Anne-Isabelle, Guenet, Bertrand, Houot, Sabine, Klumpp, Katja, LETORT, Elodie, Litrico, Isabelle, Martin, Manuel, Menasseri-Aubry, Safya, Meziere, Delphine, Morvan, Thierry, Mosnier, Claire, ROGER-ESTRADE, Jean, Saint-André, Laurent, Sierra, Jorge, Therond, Olivier, Viaud, Valérie, Grateau, Regis, Le Perchec, Sophie, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), InfoSol (InfoSol), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agronomie, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction pour la Science Ouverte (DipSO), Commanditaire : Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; L’initiative « 4 pour 1 000 : les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat » propose d’augmenter chaque année d’un quatre millième le stock de carbone présent dans tous les sols du monde. À la demande de l’Ademe et du ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, l’Inra (devenu aujourd’hui INRAE) a conduit une étude, centrée sur la France métropolitaine, visant à estimer le potentiel de stockage de carbone des sols agricoles et forestiers et, in fine, à mesurer la contribution potentielle de ce levier à l’objectif de réduction des émissions nettes de gaz à effet de serre. Diverses pratiques candidates (cultures intermédiaires, apport de nouvelles ressources organiques, gestion des prairies, agroforesterie…) ont été évaluées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une forte variabilité du stockage additionnel de carbone. L’étude a également permis d’estimer le coût supplémentaire, pour les agriculteurs, de mise en œuvre de ces pratiques de stockage, puis une allocation de l’effort de stockage entre les pratiques et les régions a été effectuée. Ces données permettront aux différents acteurs concernés de faire les meilleurs choix pour stocker davantage de carbone dans les sols. Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux décideurs chargés de l’élaboration des politiques publiques climatiques dans le domaine agricole, aux responsables territoriaux, aux aménageurs, aux ingénieurs et techniciens, aux agriculteurs et à l’ensemble des citoyens intéressés par la problématique de l’agriculture et du changement climatique.
Published: 2021

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