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Background: Computers and other visual display devices have become essential in the present era and have led to a rise in computer-related health problems. Using computers in homes, universities and other institutions has increased output greatly but has also led to an increased risk of developing Computer vision syndrome (CVS). Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with computer vision syndrome among undergraduates. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among153 respondents who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. A Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between CVS and associated risk factors at a P-value of

Background: Despite the global progress made in reducing maternal mortality in the past two decades, the health of adolescents and young adult women (10-24 years) has been neglected based on the wrong assumption that they are healthy, especially in a developing country like Nigeria; this is despite the fact that adolescents and young adults (AYA) constitute over 16% of Nigeria’s population. Thus, this study aimed to determine the levels, trends, and causes of maternal mortality among AYA women aged 10-24 years in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that utilized secondary data sets running from 1990 to 2017 from the Global Burden of Disease Study’s (GBD) online interactive tool downloaded from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) platform. From the database, we extracted the numbers of maternal deaths (10-49 years), adolescent and young adults’ maternal deaths (10-24 years), the proportion of maternal deaths (10-24 years), and both maternal mortality ratio and rate for 15-49 years old and 10-24 years old in the form of Comma separated values (CSV) and converted into XLS file in Microsoft (MS) Excel format for the analysis. Frequencies, proportions, and charts were generated using MS Excel. Result: A total of 122,107 maternal deaths occurred among adolescents and young adults (AYA), which is 26% of all deaths occurring among 10-49 years old. Year-to-year changes in the absolute numbers of maternal deaths among AYA showed that it ranged from 3,866 (1990) to 4,451 (2017), showing a slight upward increase over the period; however, both AYA maternal mortality ratio and rate show consistent declines over the period. AYA maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for adolescents aged 15-19 years was 17% higher than for young adults aged 20-24 years. Sepsis was the leading cause of adolescent maternal death (MMR of 168), followed by maternal hypertensive disorder, obstructed labor, maternal hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, and abortion. A total of 460,155 maternal deaths occurred in women aged 10-49 years during the study period. Maternal deaths in the age group 10-24 years ranged from 3,866 (29.8%) in 1990 to 4,451 (25.1%) in 2017. The maternal mortality ratio in women aged 10-49 years declined by about 30% for the 1990 – 2017 period. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The study showed that adolescents and young adults are at increased risk of maternal deaths in Nigeria. Therefore, multi-faceted maternal health programs in the country need to target this age group to prevent maternal deaths. Copyright © 2022 Dahiru et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

Background: With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are surviving into adolescence and adulthood. Disclosure of HIV-positive status is important for the life-long management of HIV. However, disclosing HIV-positive status is a challenging task due to the associated blame, shame, and potential stigma. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of disclosure to HIV-infected children and associated factors in a tertiary hospital in North-west Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. Fifty-two parents/caregivers were interviewed using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections: sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers, child's profile, and determinants of disclosure of HIV status. Data were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21, and results were presented using the tables. The Chi-square test was used to test for the association. Fisher's exact test was used where conditions for the Chi-square test were not met. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of disclosure of HIV-positive status to HIV-infected children was 32.7%. Children's age (P = 0.003) and their level of education (P =

BACKGROUND: Child undernutrition is a key public health issue that both causes and contributes to disease and death. Undernutrition accounts for 45% of under-five deaths globally most of which occur in Low- and Middle-income countries (LMIC). Malnutrition has a substantial and long-lasting effect on individuals, families, communities and the entire nation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in under-five children in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: This systematic review was done following the Cochrane library guidelines. A search of literature written in English language and published between 2000 and 2022 was done using PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and ProQuest databases. The initial search resulted in 760 studies. These were exported to End note version 9 to remove duplicates. Titles and abstracts were screened for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Finally, 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria were thoroughly assessed and data that were relevant to this systematic review were captured. The study findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The prevalence of undernutrition was between 1.0% and 43.3%. The highest prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting were 43.3%, 29.3% and 41%, respectively. Factors associated with undernutrition were age, sex, birth order, recent acute diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection, maternal literacy level, maternal income

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials. According to the World Health Organization, education of medical students on AMS is an integral part of antimicrobial resistance containment activities. The perception of undergraduate clinical medical students on AMS has not been studied in Nigeria recently. This study aims to identify the perception of AMS among medical students in Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on medical students in the 4th, 5th, and 6th years of study. A stratified sampling technique was employed. Open Data Kit for android was used to administer the questionnaire. Information on sociodemographics, perception of AMS, perception of the usefulness of AMS education as well as familiarity with the term AMS were collected from study respondents. Data were presented in frequency and percentages for categorical variables, while descriptive summary statistics were used for numeric variables. Results: Most of the respondents (96.2%) belonged to the age group of 20–29 years. The mean age (±standard deviation) of our respondents was 25.75 (±2.47) years. Only 34.6% were “very familiar“/”familiar” with the term “AMS.” Majority (89.2%) of the respondents did not have any knowledge about antimicrobials before entering medical school. The perception of AMS among medical students was generally good. Conclusion: Our respondents recognized the importance of judicious antibiotic use and would like more instructions on how to make rational use of antimicrobials. There is a need by authorities of the ABU medical school to revamp our clinical medical curriculum to include more AMS teaching so as to better equip our “future prescribers” on the appropriate use of antimicrobials.

Background: Healthcare facilities are workplaces where healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) predominate and disease pathogens are harbored by fomites. This situation could be aggravated by increase in number of resistant organisms and inadequate knowledge especially in developing countries. Objective: The aim of this article was to assess the knowledge on role of healthcare personnel attire in spread of HCAIs among healthcare workers (HCWs). Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 127 respondents were interviewed. Data was collected and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Data was presented using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Results: All respondents (100.0%) had heard of fomites and 124 (97.6%) of them knew that HCAIs could be spread through fomites. Among the respondents who wore ward coats/uniforms, 91.3% perceived that ward coats/uniforms have the potential of spreading infections. The rate of HCAIs was said to be low in about half (56.7%) the respondents and 54 (42.5%) reported that they did not have a HCAIs reporting system in their unit. Most respondents, 114 (89.8%), had good knowledge. Conclusion: Although knowledge of the role of HCWs’ attire in spread of HCAIs was good among HCWs, it can still be improved upon by training and retraining of HCWs by management. Most respondents reported lack of HCAIs reporting system in their units. Therefore, HCAIs reporting systems should be established in all units of the hospital by the management.

Background: Cold chain management is a system of transport and storage of vaccines in a potent state from the time of manufacture to the time of administration. Preserving vaccines from its manufacture through administration requires adequate cold chain infrastructure, compliance with standards, and effective management. At the end of the chain, are healthcare providers who should have adequate knowledge to manage the cold chain. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of cold chain management among primary health care (PHC) workers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multistage sampling method was used in selecting the 78 respondents. Data were collated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Data were presented using frequencies and proportions. Results: Majority (71.8%) of the respondents knew the correct temperature range for which vaccines should be stored. Only 3.8% of the respondents had good knowledge of cold chain management. About two-thirds (75.6%) of the respondents agreed that cold chain management is important. Most respondents (78.5%) showed a positive attitude toward cold chain management. Only over half (51.3%) of the respondents had appropriate practice. Conclusion: This study has shown that the PHC workers in the study area had poor knowledge, about two-thirds had a positive attitude and only about half of them had appropriate practice on cold chain management. The local government department should improve on training and retraining of PHC workers on cold chain management.