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The topical therapy with rifampicin (RF)-based formulations is beneficial for treating postoperative wound infections and to accelerate healing. Despite recent research highlighting the antibiotic's significant anti-inflammatory properties, limited topical wound healing products are currently available. The present study aimed to prove that the newly synthesized nanoparticles based on grafted alginate and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (pNVCL) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) contribute to the healing process of a wound. The methods used were at first the synthesis of the copolymer of alginate and pNVCL via grafting from technique and radical polymerization followed by water-in-oil-in water (W/O/W) emulsification; as oil phase PLGA dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) was used. The formed nanoparticles were than characterized. The loaded RF was determined to be 160 µg/mL for a 20 mg formulation and within a four-hour time frame approximately 10% of the total loaded amount was released. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 192.1 µg/mL for the nanoparticle, 208.8 µg/mL for pure rifampicin, and 718.1 µg/mL for the rifampicin-loaded nanoparticles. Considering the double role rifampicin was used for, the result was considered satisfactory in the way that these formulations could be used predominantly for postoperative wound irrigation in order to avoid infections and to improve healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy before 24 weeks and administration of progesterone in pregnancy has considerably decreased the risk of premature birth. Progesterone (PGT) starting from the luteal phase stabilizes pregnancy, promotes differentiation of the endometrium, and facilitates the implantation of the embryo. Within the present study, novel hybrid hydrogels based on chitosan methacrylate (CHT), hyaluronic acid (HA), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) for vaginal delivery of progesterone were evaluated. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural identity assessment and evaluation of their morphological aspects. The ability to swell, the release capacity, enzymatic degradation, cytotoxicity, and mucoadhesion were also reported. The characterized hydrogels demonstrated mucoadhesive properties in contact with the vaginal tissue of swine and bovine origin as substrates, and biodegradability and controlled release in a simulated vaginal environment. Cytocompatibility tests confirmed the ability of the hydrogels and progesterone to support cell viability and growth. The results showed pH-dependent behavior, controlled drug release, good cytocompatibility, and mucoadhesive properties. The hydrogels with higher chitosan amounts demonstrated better bioadhesive properties. This study provides insights into the potential of these hydrogels for the controlled vaginal delivery of progesterone, with promising therapeutic effects and no cytotoxicity observed. The experimental results indicated that a composition with a moderate content of PNIPAAm was suitable for the controlled delivery of progesterone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1. Introduction Bisoprolol fumarate is a synthetic cardioselective [β.sub.1]-adrenergic blocker. Chemically, bisoprolol fumarate is (±)1-[4-[[2-(1-methylethoxy)ethoxy]methyl]phenoxy]-3-[(1- methylethyl)amino]-2-propanol('E,)-2-butenedioate (2:1) [1]. It possesses an asymmetric carbon atom in its structure and is provided [...], Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) detection is one of the most powerful analytical tools for organic compound analysis. The advantages of using LC/MS methods over HPLC methods include: selectivity, chromatographic integrity, peak assignment, structural information, and rapid method development. In this paper, a new liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of bisoprolol in human plasma samples, using metoprolol as internal standard and liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The assay has proven to be sensitive, specific and reproducible, suitable to determine the bisoprolol concentration, following a single oral administration of a 10 mg bisoprolol tablet in 22 healthy volunteers, in the bioequivalence study of Bisoprolol 10 mg coated tablets, produced by Antibiotice S.A. versus Concor 10 mg, produced by Merck. Copyright [C] 2009 Gabriela Peste et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The increasing prevalence of obesity has led to the approach of various dietpharmaceutical methods for reducing body fat. The present study monitored the impact of using special nutritional foods and nutritional supplements on body mass and composition on a sample of adults who followed a slimming programme. 97 subjects, most women (71.1%) replaced two main meals with such products over an average time of 4.1 months, leading to a significant decrease in the initial weight (12.8% ± 7.2%), the index body mass by 12.7 ± 7.4% and the body fat mass percentage of 24.6 ± 13.7%, but with insignificant changes in fat-free mass (4.3 ± 4.1%). There were significant differences between men and women in body composition, but the differences were not significant in terms of the rate and magnitude of changes during the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/hyaluronic acid cryogels loaded with methotrexate were studied. The physical-chemical characterization of cryogels was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Acute toxicity and haematological parameters were determined by "in vivo" tests. The biocompatibility tests proved that the obtained cryogels showed significantly decreased toxicity and are biocompatible. The pH-responsiveness of the swelling behaviour and of the methotrexate release from the poly(vinyl alcohol)/hyaluronic acid (PVA/HA) cryogels were studied in a pH interval of 2-7.4. A significant change in properties was found at pH 5.5 specific for treatment of affected skin in psoriasis disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize physically crosslinked gel formulations of chitosan (CS)-graft-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for smart delivery of an antifungal drug, Voriconazole, for mucosal applications. For this purpose, cryogels of CS-g-PNIPAAm/PVA and CS/PVA were tested by means of texture profile analysis and rheology to determine optimal matrix properties for topical application. The ratio of 75/25 v/v % CS-g-PNIPAAm/PVA was selected to be used for formulation since it gave low compressibility and hardness (1.2 and 0.6 N) as well as high adhesion properties and non-Newtonian flow behavior. The cryogels and formulations were further characterized by means of FTIR spectroscopy, swelling behavior, texture analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA), and rheological behavior. The drug loading capacity and in vitro release profile of the drug, storage stability, and cytotoxicity tests were also performed for the gel formulation. The FTIR, DSC, and TGA results verified the successful formation of cryogels. Swelling studies revealed a pH-dependent swelling ability with a maximum swelling degree of 1200% in acid and 990% in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4). Thermal studies showed that CS-g-PNIPAAm/PVA 75/25 had higher thermal stability proving the structural complexity of the polymer. The loading capacity of Voriconazole was found to be 70% (w/w). The in vitro release profiles of Voriconazole showed Fickian release behavior for CS-g-PNIPAAm/PVA 75/25 gel with an approximate delivery of 38% within 8 h, slower than matrices containing unmodified chitosan. The storage stability test exhibited that the gel formulation was still stable even after aging for two months. Moreover, the cell culture assays revealed a non-toxic character of the polymeric matrix. Overall results showed that the CS-g-PNIPAAm/PVA 75/25 hydrogel has the potential to be used as a smart polymeric vehicle for topical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop and validate a fast, robust, isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of bisoprolol in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations., Material and Method: Optimum separation of bisoprolol was achieved using as stationary phase a Zorbax SB-C18 column (100×3 mm; 5µm). The mobile phase was a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH = 3.5) and acetonitrile (70:30) with a flow rate of 1mL/min. The UV detection was performed at 225nm. The temperature of the column and autosampler was 25°C. The specificity was assessed by using metoprolol as internal standard. The method was validated in accordance with the current ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, recovery and system suitability., Results: The retention time for bisoprolol was 1.158 minute. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range 5-90 µg/mL. The LOD and LOQ of bisoprolol were 1.63 μg/mL and 4.94 μg/mL, respectively. The intra and interday precision of measurements were lower than the accepted criteria (RSD ≤ 2%). The recovery values of HPLC determination of bisoprolol from tablets proved that none of the excipients influenced the results of the analysis., Conclusions: The assay it was found to be accurate, reproducible, sensitive and less time consuming. The proposed method can be successfully applied to quality control studies of pharmaceutical products.

Aim: A new spectrophotometric method for the assay of lisinopril using 2,4-dinitrophenol as reagent is described., Material and Methods: The method involved the addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol to lisinopril in methanol followed by absorbance measurement at 400 nm. Experimental conditions that provide wide linear range, maximum sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precisions were optimized., Results and Discussions: Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 2.0-14.0 μg/mL. Linear regression equation of calibration graph was A = 0.005 + 0.045 x concentration, with a regression coefficient (r) of 0.9995 (n = 8). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) calculated according to the ICH guidelines were 0.42 and 1.42 μg/mL, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the assays were determined by computing the intra-day and inter-day variations at three different lisinopril concentrations; the intra-day and inter-day RSD was < 1.43% and accuracy was better than 1.72%., Conclusions: The proposed method is simple, easy to perform, sensitive, linear, precise, accurate and robust.

Aim: The cooper(II) complex combination of N, N'-disalicylidenemethylenediamine and the Schiff bis base were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity., Material and Methods: In vivo, the anti-inflammatory activity of the metallic complex in comparison with the activity of the Schiff bis base was tested by the method of Winter and co-workers using the Levy technique., Results and Discussions: Our study on the anti-inflammatory activity of a new Schiff bis base and its complex cooper(II) combination showed that the Schiff bis bases exhibited significant anti-inflammatory action in acute experimental inflammation when compared to the control group. The copper cation from the complex combination enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of the Schiff bis base, the effect being stronger at doses of 10 mg/kg cooper(II) complex., Conclusions: The Schiff bis base and its cooper(II) complex had an anti-inflammatory effect comparable to that of indomethacin.

Unlabelled: Bisoprolol fumarate is prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris., Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, and reproducible method for estimation of bisoprolol fumarate in tablets., Material and Methods: The proposed method was based on a yellow colored complex formed with tropaeolin 00, extractable in dichloromethane with maximum absorbance at 412 nm. The method was validated statistically., Results: The linearity domain was observed in the concentration of 5-30 microg/ml. The recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method., Conclusions: The proposed method can be applied for the routine analysis of bisoprolol from formulations.

Unlabelled: Bisoprolol is a drug belonging to beta blockers drugs used primarily for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases., Aim: A spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of bisoprolol was developed based on the formation of a complex combination between bisoprolol and picric acid., Material and Methods: The complex combination of bisoprolol and picric acid has a maximum absorbance peak at 420 nm. Optimum working conditions were established and the method was validated., Results: The method presented a good linearity in the concentration range 5-120 microg/ml (regression coefficient r2 = 0.9992). The RSD for the precision of the method was 1.74 and for the intermediate precision 1.43, and recovery values ranged between 98.25-101.48%., Conclusions: The proposed and validated spectrophotometric method for the determination of bisoprolol is simple and cost effective.

Unlabelled: Ramipril is a drug of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor class., Aim: A new molecular absorbance spectrometric method was developed for the assay of ramipril using molybdophosphoric acid in acidic medium., Material and Methods: The reaction product showed a maximum absorbance at 361 nm. The optimum conditions of the reaction were established. The developed method was validated., Results: The method showed a good linearity in the range of 8 - 36 microg/ml (correlation coefficient r = 0.9996). The detection limit (LD) was 0.86microg/ml and the quantification limit (LQ) 2.88 pg/ml. Precision and accuracy were determined (RSD = 1.15%); mean recovery was 98.90% in the 97.13-101.03% concentration range., Conclusions: The proposed method is simple, easy to perform, sensitive, linear, precise, accurate and robust.

Unlabelled: In order to analyze lisinopril using a selective membrane electrode, the electro-active compound was obtained and included in the selective membrane. The new analysis method was developed and validated., Material and Method: The electro-active compound was obtained through the precipitation of lisinopril in acidic media using silicowolframic acid solution. The membrane was obtained by mixing the electro-active compound with polyvinylchloride using tetrahydrofurane as solvent. The solution was evaporated in order to obtain a thick membrane, which was then attached at one end of a polyvinylchloride tube. The internal Ag/AgCl reference electrode was inserted in that tube. The assembly was filled with a lisinopril internal solution. The electrode was characterized by establishing the following characteristics: electrode slope, selectivity, optimal pH range, response time and life-time period. The developed method was validated., Results: The method showed a good linearity in the range of 10(-7) and 10(-2)M (the correlation coefficient r = 0.9991). The detection limit (LD) was 8,66 x 10(-8)M and the quantification limit (LQ) was 7,8 x 10(-7)M. There were established the precision (RSD = 1.73%) and the accuracy (mean recovery was 99.92%), Conclusions: The experimental results demonstrated a good sensibility.

Aim: Lisinopril is a drug of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class that is primarily used in treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, heart attacks and also in preventing renal and retinal complications of diabetes. We compared the dissolution profiles of Lisinopril 20 mg tablets (Antibiotice S.A. laşi) and Zestril 20 mg tablets (Astra Zeneca)., Material and Method: Because lisinopril is a third class active substance, we performed dissolution tests in standard media at three pH values: 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 using the paddle apparatus at 75 rpm., Results: Both pharmaceutical formulations present a dissolution percentage more than 85% (Q) of the labeled amount., Conclusion: Both pharmaceutical formulations present similar dissolution profile. Key words:

Unlabelled: A sensible and rapid spectrophotometric assay for adrenaline was developed., Material and Method: The method is based on the reaction with ammonium molybdate and sodium nitrite in acid medium., Results: The obtained compound is stable, soluble in water and has the absorbtion maximum at 405 nm. Beer's law is valid within a concentration range of 20-160 microg/mL. The validity of the method was tested by statistical analysis of the experimental data using the linearity, the scale's calibration factor, the detection limit, the quantification limit and the precision., Conclusions: A new method for the assay of adrenaline in pharmaceutical products has been developed.

Unlabelled: Phosphotungstic acid forms salt type ionic association complexes with a large number of medicinal drugs that contain cation forming proton acceptor moieties., Material and Method: Ranitidine, nizatidine and famotidine complexes with phosphotungstic acid were synthesized and subsequently characterized by their melting point, water solubility, specific absorbance, UV spectra and IR spectra., Results: These sparingly soluble complexes were applied for the fabrication of membrane selective electrodes for quantitative potentiometric determination of ranitidine, nizatidine and famotidine., Conclusions: There have been synthesized phosphotungstic acid complexes with uses in fabrication of membrane selective electrodes for quantitative potentiometric determination of ranitidine, nizatidine and famotidine.

This paper proposes a new method for the quantitative determination of famotidine, based on its reaction with phosphomolybdic acid. The measurements were carried out at wavelength of 400 nm. This method has been validated and it has been applied to the determination of famotidine in pharmaceutical products.

Seven membrane-selective electrodes with PVC matrix and liquid-membrane for N-butylscopolamine with different electroactive materials are presented. These electrodes have a linear response in the concentration range of 10(-6) - 10(-2) M N-butylscopolamine bromide, with a detection limit between 4.58 x 10(-7)M and 1.09 x 10(-6)M. These electrodes were used with good results for quantitative assay by direct potentiometry and potentiometric titration of N-butylscopolamine bromide from pharmaceutical formulations. Recovery was between 95.50% and 99.20% for N-butylscopolamine bromide of injectable solutions.

Famotidine, belonging to H2-antagonist group, is a compound containing a thiazolic moiety and it is used in peptic ulcer therapy. This paper debates the possibility of developing a new ultraviolet spectrophotometric assessment by using the reaction between famotidine and picrolonic acid. We carried out our determinations at 362 nm, where the absorbency of famotidine - picrolonic acid complex is maximal, and we have established the optimal reaction conditions. This method was successfully applied for famotidine assay from pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Ranitidine, belonging to H2-antagonist group, is a compound containing a furanic moiety and is used in peptic ulcer therapy. This paper debates the possibility of developing a new visible spectrophotometric assessment by using the reaction between ranitidine and eosine. We carried out our determinations at 505 nm, where the absorbency of ranitidine-eosine complex is maximal, and we have established the optimal reaction conditions. This method was successfully applied for ranitidine assay from pharmaceutical dosage forms.