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Stigmaria asiatica Jongmans et Gothan is a common species from the Permo-Carboniferous of East Asia. It is characterized by a relatively slender rhizomorph and represents the underground rooting system of lowland arborescent lycopsids. This species from the Wuda Coalfield (Asselian, lower Permian) represents the recovery taxon dominating the subsequent peat-forming vegetation after a volcanic eruption destroyed the previous flora, termed the Wuda Tuff Flora (Chinese “vegetational Pompeii”). It is characterized by novel downward axes, probably for access to deeper groundwater. Here, the anatomy of S. asiatica, including that of the axes and rootlets, is reported in detail for the first time. The axis contains stelar tissues, including pith, primary and secondary xylem, and phloem, and both primary and secondary cortical tissues. The primary cortex is tripartite and is divided into inner, middle, and outer zones. Secondary cortex is produced in the interior of the outer cortex splitting the outer cortex into inner and outer portions. The homogeneous pith and mesarch primary xylem maturation of S. asiatica are different from previously recorded species of Stigmaria Brongniart. Rootlets are composed of a central monarch vascular bundle surrounded by inner cortex and a ring of outer cortex. A vacant region is present between the inner and outer cortices. In some cases, connectives between the inner and outer cortices are present. According to the presented statistical analysis, it is proposed that rootlets of S. asiatica were highly branched, with at least for 7 bifurcations. Rootlets, together with the downward penetrating rhizomorph, helped to both anchor the plant and search for and absorb deep groundwater.

Gigantopterid plants share common traits of megaphyllous leaves with multi-ordered venation and have a stratigraphic distribution restricted to the Permian Period. They display a large variety of l...

To analyze clinical response of the Rituximab-based chemotherapy and prognostic features in patients with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGDLBCL).From June 2008 to December 2020, the data of 53 PGDLBCL patients were analyzed retrospectively.The median age was 46(25-77) years old in 53 patients including 35 males and 18 females. Stomachache is the most common symptom. The diagnosis were confirmed in 47 patients by endoscopic biopsy and 6 patients by surgery. Twenty-six patients had Ⅰ/Ⅱ1 stage (Lugano staging system) disease and 27 cases had II2/IV stage disease. All patients were treated with chemotherapy, including RCHOP (25/53) and R-DA-EPOCH (28/53). Complete remission rate was 79.2%（42/53）. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 77.4% and 69.8%. Univariate analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), Lugano stage and lesion size affected OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that IPI score and Lugano stage were independent prognosis risk factors affecting OS. The patients in the R-DA-EPOCH group presented better survival outcomes than those in the RCHOP group with late stage (PRituximab in combination with chemotherapy is the backbone of therapy for PGDLBCL. IPI score and Lugano stage are independent prognosis risk factors affecting OS of PGDLBCL. R-DA-EPOCH can be superior to R-CHOP as a first-line regimen in PGDLBCL patients with late stage.含利妥昔单抗方案治疗原发胃弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤疗效分析.探讨含利妥昔单抗方案治疗原发胃弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（PGDLBCL）的临床疗效及预后影响因素.回顾性分析福建省立医院2008年6月-2020年12月收治并接受正规治疗的53例PGDLBCL患者的临床资料，患者均接受利妥昔单抗为基础的诱导化疗，评估疗效，观察临床特征、生物学指标对总生存（OS）和无进展生存（PFS）的影响.53例患者中男性35例，女性18例，中位年龄46(25-77)岁，以腹痛为主要临床表现，胃镜活检确诊47例，手术诊断为6例。Lugano分期Ⅰ/Ⅱ1期26 例，II2/IV期27例。25例患者接受RCHOP方案诱导化疗，28例接受R-DA-EPOCH 方案诱导化疗。42例达完全缓解，3和5年OS率分别为77.4%、69.8%。单因素分析结果显示，乳酸脱氢酶、IPI评分、Lugano分期、病变大小影响PGDLBCL患者的OS；多因素分析结果显示，IPI评分高及Lugano分期晚者预后差。晚期患者R-DA-EPOCH方案的5年OS明显优于RCHOP方案（P=0.035）.含利妥昔单抗的免疫化疗是治疗PGDLBCL的基石，IPI评分及Lugano分期是影响PGDLBCL患者总生存的独立危险因素。对于晚期预后不良患者，R-DA-EPOCH方案较RCHOP方案更易生存获益.

This is a prospective, single center study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of peritumor and intratumor radiomics features assessed using T2 weight image (T2WI) of baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating pathological good response to NAC in patients with LARC (including Tany N+ or T3/4a Nany but not T4b). In total, 137 patients with LARC received NAC between April 2014 and August 2020. All patients were undergoing contrast-enhanced MRI and 129 patients contained small field of view (sFOV) sequence which were performed prior to treatment. The tumor regression grade standard was based on pathological response. The training and validation sets (n=91 vs. n=46) were established by random allocation of the patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied to estimate the performance of different models based on clinical characteristics and radiomics features obtained from MRI, including peritumor and intratumor features, in predicting treatment response; these effects were calculated using the area under the curve (AUC). The performance and agreement of the nomogram were estimated using calibration plots. In total, 24 patients (17.52%) achieved a complete or near-complete response. For the individual radiomics model in the validation set, the performance of peritumor radiomics model in predicting treatment response yield an AUC of 0.838, while that of intratumor radiomics model is 0.805, which show no statically significant difference between then(P>0.05). The traditional and selective clinical features model shows a poor predictive ability in treatment response (AUC=0.596 and 0.521) in validation set. The AUC of combined radiomics model was improved compared to that of the individual radiomics models in the validation sets (AUC=0.844). The combined clinic-radiomics model yield the highest AUC (0.871) in the validation set, although it did not improve the performance of the radiomics model for predicting treatment response statically (P>0.05). Good agreement and discrimination were observed in the nomogram predictions. Both peritumor and intratumor radiomics features performed similarly in predicting a good response to NAC in patients with LARC. The clinic-radiomics model showed the best performance in predicting treatment response.

Clinical features and outcomes of FL patients in Chinese population are limited, thus promoting us to perform this analysis on a large cohort of 1845 patients with FL enrolled from nine medical centers nationwide in China. In this cohort, the median age of patients at diagnosis was 53 years, which was comparable to that reported previously for Chinese FL patients (49–51 years) but younger than that for Western FL patients (60–65 years). In contrast with Western patients, Chinese FL patients more likely involved extranodal sites but less frequently infiltrated bone marrow. Other clinical characteristics were comparable between two populations. In this study, 91% of patients were managed with chemotherapy, yielding 72% and 46% of overall-response rate and complete remission. After median 55-month follow-up, 5-year progressive-free and overall survival were 61% and 89%, respectively. Both were analogous to those reported in prior Chinese and Western studies. Consistent with published data, addition of rituximab into both induction (Ri) and maintenance (Rm) treatment led to the most favorable outcomes. Interestingly, Ri only had better outcomes than Rm only. Notably, 7% of patients experienced histologic transformation (HT) and correlated with poor survival. Of the transformed FL cases, 3% and 4% of HT events occurred prior to or post-treatment, respectively. Importantly, the latter displayed worse outcomes than the former. Altogether, this study provides real-world information of the largest cohort of FL patients so far in China, which might lay a foundation for clinical investigation of Chinese FL in future.

In this study, we aimed to investigate treatment options and the prognosis of patients with WM in China. This retrospective study included 1141 patients diagnosed with symptomatic WM between January 2003 and December 2019 at 35 tertiary hospitals in 22 provinces of China. Fifty-four patients (7.3%) received monotherapy, 264 (36.0%) received chemoimmunotherapy, 395 (53.8%) received other combination regimens without rituximab, and 21 (2.9%) received ibrutinib. Using a multivariable Cox regression model, age > 65 years old, platelets 65 years, LDH ≥250 IU/L, ALB

Backgroud: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon indolent B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which has heterogeneous clinical presentations and indications for treatment. Mostly the choice of first-line therapy is based on the individual patient's characteristic and indications for treatment. In China, previous studies on WM are mostly from single-center with small sample size, limiting the information available on treatment and outcome patterns. To address this knowledge gap, we present data from an analysis based on a nationwide multicenter registry with 17-years follow-up. Our study focuses on the clinical presentation, first-line therapies, as well as outcome and prognosis of WM in China. Methods: Patients diagnosed with WM between January 2003 and December 2019 at 35 academic hospitals in China, which have been entered in the database of the China Waldenström macroglobulinemia Registration (CWMG), were included in this retrospective study. Data including baseline clinical features, symptoms requiring treatment, treatment and survival were collected. The overall survival (OS) was defined as the duration from the diagnosis of WM to the date of death or last follow-up. Results: Overall 1141 patients were enrolled, 829 patients were male (72.7%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 29-89 years), which 472 patients (41.4%) were older than 65 years, and 126 patients (11.0%) were older than 75 years. The patients' family histories included 6 WM and 4 other lymphoproliferative disorders. Symptoms leading to treatment initiation including anemia in 828 patients (72.6%), organomegaly in 441 patients (38.7%), thrombocytopenia in 302 (26.5%), neutropenia in 246 (21.6%), constitutional symptoms in 203 (17.8%), Bing-Neel syndrome in 13 (1.1%), IgM-related symptoms in including secondary amyloidosis in 32 (2.8%), secondary autoimmune hemolysis in 25 (2.2%), peripheral neuropathy in 23 (2.0%), secondary cold agglutinin disease in 21 (1.8%), secondary cryoglobulinemia in 11 (1.0%). At the time of diagnosis, 1125 patients had full information for IPSS-WM risk stratification. Among them, 194 patients (17.2%) were classified as low risk, 436 patients (38.8%) were intermediate risk, and 495 patients (44.0%) were high risk. Overall, 734 patients had documented treatment information. 75 patients (10.2%) received monotherapy, 264 (36.0%) received chemoimmunotherapy, and 395 (53.8%) receive other combination regimens (Figure 1). The most frequently used monotherapy was chlorambucil (3.1%), followed by ibrutinib (2.9%) and rituximab (2.5%). Rituximab, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone or prednisone (DRC or RCP) were the most frequently used chemoimmunotherapy (10.8%). Followed by rituximab plus cyclophosphasmide, vincristine/vincristine and prednisone/prednisolone (R-COP) (6.8%), R-COP plus doxorubicin/epirubicin (R-CHOP) (6.1%), rituximab plus fludarabine, cyclophosphamide (R-FC) (4.5%), rituximab plus bortezomib based regimen (3.5%). Other combination regimens including bortezomib based regimen (18.6%), FC (10.6%), CHOP (9.3%), immunomodulatory drug based regimen (5.7%), chlorambucil plus prednisone (4.4%). After a median of 23 months (range 1-201 months) follow-up, 123 patients died. The estimated 5-year OS was 74.9%. Median OS were similar among patients who received monotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy or other combination regimens. To evaluate the prognostic factors of OS using multivariate Cox regression model, age > 65 years old (P=0.011, HR 0.622, 95% CI 0.431-0.898), platelet < 100×109/L (P=0.006, HR 0.570, 95% CI 0.381-0.853), serum albumin Conclusion: Frontline treatment choices of WM are wide heterogeneity due to various clinical presentations and the rarity of the disease. Old age, low platelet, low albumin, high β-2 microglobulin, high LDH and secondary amyloidosis indicate worse prognosis in WM. These findings may provide guidance for management of WM and better prognostic stratification of risk-adapted treatment strategies. Figure 1 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

To study the effect of the DA-EPOCH chemotherapy combined with G-CSF and the CTX therapy with G-CSF on mobilizing and collecting the peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells and the later hematopoietic recovery.Forty patients accepted mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC) after treated by CTX+G-CSF and DA-EPOCH+G-CSF therapy respectively, and were treated by auto-transfusion after BEAM pre-regimen. The mobilization efficacy, adverse effects and hematopoietic recovery after autologous transplantation were analyzed retrospectively.During the CTX+G-CSF mobilization, only one patient achieved the white blood cell(WBC) at 0.8×10DA-EPOCH therapy combined with G-CSF can effectively mobilize the peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells in NHL patients with higher safety and lower price, and proves to be worth recommending in clinical use.

Changes in soil biological and biochemical properties under different land uses in the subtropical region of China were investigated in order to develop rational cultivation and fertilization management. A small watershed of subtropical region of China was selected for this study. Land uses covered paddy fields, vegetable farming, fruit trees, upland crops, bamboo stands, and forestry. Soil biological and biochemical properties included soil organic C and nutrient contents, mineralization of soil organic C, and soil microbial biomass and community functional diversity. Soil organic C and total N contents, microbial biomass C and N, and respiration intensity under different land uses were changed in the following order: paddy fields (and vegetable farming) > bamboo stands > fruit trees (and upland). The top surface (0–15 cm) paddy fields (and vegetable farming) were 76.4 and 80.8% higher in soil organic C and total N contents than fruit trees (and upland) soils, respectively. Subsurface paddy soils (15–30 cm) were 59.8 and 67.3% higher in organic C and total N than upland soils, respectively. Soil microbial C, N and respiration intensity in paddy soils (0–15 cm) were 6.36, 3.63 and 3.20 times those in fruit tree (and upland) soils respectively. Soil microbial metabolic quotient was in the order: fruit trees (and upland) > forestry > paddy fields. Metabolic quotient in paddy soils was only 47.7% of that in fruit tree (and upland) soils. Rates of soil organic C mineralization during incubation changed in the order: paddy fields > bamboo stands > fruit trees (and upland) and soil bacteria population: paddy fields > fruit trees (and upland) > forestry. No significant difference was found for fungi and actinomycetes populations. BIOLOG analysis indicated a changing order of paddy fields > fruit trees (and upland) > forestry in values of the average well cell development (AWCD) and functional diversity indexes of microbial community. Results also showed that the conversion from paddy fields to vegetable farming for 5 years resulted in a dramatic increase in soil available phosphorus content while insignificant changes in soil organic C and total N content due to a large inputs of phosphate fertilizers. This conversion caused 53, 41.5, and 41.3% decreases in soil microbial biomass C, N, and respiration intensity, respectively, while 23.6% increase in metabolic quotient and a decrease in soil organic C mineralization rate. Moreover, soil bacteria and actinomycetes populations were increased slightly, while fungi population increased dramatically. Functional diversity indexes of soil microbial community decreased significantly. It was concluded that land uses in the subtropical region of China strongly affected soil biological and biochemical properties. Soil organic C and nutrient contents, mineralization of organic C and functional diversity of microbial community in paddy fields were higher than those in upland and forestry. Overuse of chemical fertilizers in paddy fields with high fertility might degrade soil biological properties and biochemical function, resulting in deterioration of soil biological quality.

Paddy field is an important land use in subtropical China. Development of high soil fertility and productivity is the management goal of paddy field. Fertilization and management practices have not only influenced the status of organic matter and nutrients in the soil but also affected the environmental quality. This article investigates the contents of organic carbon and the nutrients, and the change over the last 20 years in highly productive paddy soils and their environmental application. Field soils were sampled and the analytical results were compared with the corresponding values in the Second Soil Survey in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province, China. The results showed that surface soils at a depth of 0-10 cm in highly productive paddy fields in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province had contents of organic carbon (20.2±3.88) g kg −1 , total nitrogen (2.09±0.55) g kg −1 , and available phosphorus (42.7±32.7) mg kg −1 , respectively, which were all at very rich levels. Over the last 20 years, the organic carbon pool of the highly productive paddy soils reached a steady state. Total N and available P significantly increased, whereas available K changed a little. The amount and percentage of P immobilization in the surface soil (0-10 cm) of highly productive paddy fields were (142.7±41.1) mg kg −1 and (36.2±10.4)% of added P, and CEC (7.93±1.32) cmol kg −1 . These two parameters were not higher than the mean values of paddy soils and upland red soils in the areas. Results also showed that fertilizer P in highly productive paddy soils had a high mobility and was prone to move toward a water body, which is the main source of nutrients causing eutrophication. Because of a weak K-fixing capacity, the available K content was not high in highly productive paddy soils. This suggests that attention should be paid to the K balance and the increase of soil K pool.

Background China has the highest incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) worldwide. Reported cases account for 90% of the total number of global cases. By 2010, approximately 1.4 million HFRS cases had been reported in China. This study aimed to explore the effect of the rodent reservoir, and natural and socioeconomic variables, on the transmission pattern of HFRS. Methodology/Principal Findings Data on monthly HFRS cases were collected from 2006 to 2010. Dynamic rodent monitoring data, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, climate data, and socioeconomic data were also obtained. Principal component analysis was performed, and the time-lag relationships between the extracted principal components and HFRS cases were analyzed. Polynomial distributed lag (PDL) models were used to fit and forecast HFRS transmission. Four principal components were extracted. Component 1 (F1) represented rodent density, the NDVI, and monthly average temperature. Component 2 (F2) represented monthly average rainfall and monthly average relative humidity. Component 3 (F3) represented rodent density and monthly average relative humidity. The last component (F4) represented gross domestic product and the urbanization rate. F2, F3, and F4 were significantly correlated, with the monthly HFRS incidence with lags of 4 months (r = −0.289, P, Author Summary Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a rodent-borne disease caused by hantaviruses, is characterized by fever, haemorrhage, headache, back pain, abdominal pain, and acute kidney injury. China has the highest incidence of HFRS worldwide. Reported cases account for 90% of the total global cases. Approximately 1.4 million HFRS cases were reported in China between 1950 and 2010. During the same time period, >46 000 people died from HFRS, and the fatality rate was 3.29%. A great deal of interest and excitement has developed recently for understanding the role of the environment in the transmission of HFRS. Our article provides evidence that rodent density and behavior depend on natural factors. Changes in animal reservoirs may lead to the emergence of new epidemics and threats to human health. However, economic development may promote a more residential environment, which could inhibit disease transmission from animals to humans by limiting their contact. We combined data about the rodent reservoir, the natural environment, and socioeconomic factors in the model. The results will be helpful for making and prioritizing preventive measures.

To analyze the periodicity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha in year 2009 and its correlation with sensitive climatic factors.The information of 5439 cases of influenza A (H1N1) and synchronous meteorological data during the period between May 22th and December 31st in year 2009 (223 days in total) in Changsha city were collected. The classification and regression tree (CART) was employed to screen the sensitive climatic factors on influenza A (H1N1); meanwhile, cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence analysis were applied to assess and compare the periodicity of the pandemic disease and its association with the time-lag phase features of the sensitive climatic factors.The results of CART indicated that the daily minimum temperature and daily absolute humidity were the sensitive climatic factors for the popularity of influenza A (H1N1) in Changsha. The peak of the incidence of influenza A (H1N1) was in the period between October and December (Median (M) = 44.00 cases per day), simultaneously the daily minimum temperature (M = 13°C) and daily absolute humidity (M = 6.69 g/m(3)) were relatively low. The results of wavelet analysis demonstrated that a period of 16 days was found in the epidemic threshold in Changsha, while the daily minimum temperature and daily absolute humidity were the relatively sensitive climatic factors. The number of daily reported patients was statistically relevant to the daily minimum temperature and daily absolute humidity. The frequency domain was mostly in the period of (16 ± 2) days. In the initial stage of the disease (from August 9th and September 8th), a 6-day lag was found between the incidence and the daily minimum temperature. In the peak period of the disease, the daily minimum temperature and daily absolute humidity were negatively relevant to the incidence of the disease.In the pandemic period, the incidence of influenza A (H1N1) showed periodic features; and the sensitive climatic factors did have a "driving effect" on the incidence of influenza A (H1N1).

To explore the influence of landscape elements on the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Changsha.A total of 327 cases of HFRS diagnosed between year 2005 - 2009 were recruited in the study. Based on the demographic data, meteorological data and the data of second national land survey during the same period, a GIS landscape elements database of HFRS at the township scale of Changsha was established. Spatial-temporal cluster analysis methods were adopted to explore the influence of landscape elements on the spatial-temporal distribution of HFRS in Changsha during the year of 2005 - 2009.The annual incidences of HFRS in Changsha between year 2005 - 2009 were 1.16/100 000 (70 cases), 0.95/100 000 (58 cases), 1.40/100 000(87 cases), 0.75/100 000(47 cases) and 1.02/100 000(65 cases) respectively. The results of poisson regression model analysis of principal component showed that the incidence of HFRS was positively correlated with farmland area (M = 29.00 km2) and urban and rural area (M = 6.12 km2; incidence rate ratios (IRR) = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.27 - 1.41); but negatively correlated with forestland area (M = 39.00 km2; IRR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55 - 0.81) and garden plot area (M = 0.99 km2; IRR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.86). A significant cluster of the spatial-temporal distribution of HFRS cases was found in the study. The primary cluster (28.9 N, 113.37 E, radius at 22.22 km, RR = 5.23, log likelihood ratio (LLR) = 51.61, P0.01, 67 cases of HFRS and incidence at 4.4/100 000) was found between year 2006 and 2007; and the secondary cluster (28.2 N, 113.6 E, RR = 10.77, LLR = 16.01, P0.01, 11 cases of HFRS and the incidence at 10.6/100 000) was found between year 2008 and 2009.The landscape elements were found to be closely related to the prevalence and transmission of HFRS.

In the title compound, C6H16NO3+·C7H4NS2−, the cations and anions are connected by O—H...N and O—H...S hydrogen bonding. Weak C—H...O hydrogen bonding between adjacent cations helps to stabilize the crystal structure.

An F2 population derived from a cross between apetalous line' APT02 'and normal petalled cultivar 'ZS NO.4' was used for molecular marker searching and chromosomal mapping of the gene(s) controlling petal-loss trait in Brassica napus. Twenty pairs of AFLP primers and 170 pairs of SRAP primers were selected and screened from two parents. In further selection through bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach, one SRAP marker e8m3_4 (600 bp) and one AFLP marker E3247_15 (150 bp) were obtained and found to be linked to the gene(s) controlling petal-loss trait, with the genetic distance of 5 cM and 13.5 cM. A linkage map in Brassica napus was constructed. It consisted of 213 AFLP56 SSR loci and a morphology marker throughout 17 main linkage groups, two triplet and four linkage pairs. Total length of the map covered 2,487.1 cM, and average interval between markers was 10.09 cM. By genetic mapping, the gene(s) controlling petal-loss trait (WHB)was mapped in LG4.

An approach using fuzzy theory to consider the uncertainties in the reliability evaluation of power distribution systems is presented. Combining fuzzy number operations with the network-equivalent approach, an algorithm in which the input parameters and reliability indices are expressed with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is established to calculate the reliability indices of distribution systems. This approach can indicates the possibility distribution of reliability indices and requires a little more calculations than the conventional methods. Also a practical example indicates the availability of the proposed method.