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Objective To evaluate the antibiotic activity of mangrove plant, Avicennia marina (A. marina) against human and shrimp pathogens and to delineate bioactive constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) profiling. Methods The antimicrobial activity of the different polar and non-polar extracts of A. marina was inspected by well diffusion technique against 16 bacterial pathogens and two fungal pathogens. Results Of the six organic extracts examined, methanolic extract of A. marina fairly repressed the growth of all bacterial and fungal pathogenic strains tested. In general, mangrove extract was more active against the bacterial pathogens while against yeasts, the activity was lesser. The antibiotic activity was attributed to the presence of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. The chemical profiling of the methanolic extract was performed by GC combined with mass spectrometry. The results of GC-MS showed that the main phytoconstituents were benzeneethanol,4-hydroxy- (RT = 12.173), followed by benzaldehyde,3-methyl- (RT = 6.811). Finally, the GC-MS data evinced that the antimicrobial activity of A. marina was due to the synergistic effect of all constituents or the activity of major constituents. Conclusions Considering the urgent need of novel antibiotics, the present study brings out a new insight on the exploration of mangroves for antibiotic production in future.

There is a considerably interest on some fruits and leaves extracts such as olive leaf, due to their beneficial health effects. Olive leaf has been consumed as tea for many years. However, the studies on volatile compounds (VCs) of leaves are scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate of VCs in the leaves collected from ‘Gemlik’, ‘Halhalı’ and ‘Sarı Hasebi’ olive trees varieties grown in Hatay province. The VCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). The 97 out of 127 VCs identified were found common in all the olive leaves. Terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols and ketones were identified in the olive leaves as major VCs groups, which accounted for about 36-60%, 20-28%, 6-14% and 4-8% of total VCs identified in leaves, respectively. The relative proportions of these chemical groups showed considerably differences among olive leaves. α-Cubebene was found as major VC followed by trans-caryophyllene, α-farnesene, trans-2-hexenal, benzeneethanol, nonanal, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal, cycloisosativene, trans-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, 2,4-heptadienal, α-humulene, α-muurolene and benzaldehyde. These compounds accounted for 56-75% of total VCs identified in the olive leaves. While ‘Halhalı’ olive leaf had highest (p, There is a considerably interest on some fruits and leaves extracts suchas olive leaf, due to their beneficial health effects. Olive leaf has beenconsumed as tea for many years. However, the studies on volatile compounds(VCs) of leaves are scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate of VCsin the leaves collected from ‘Gemlik’, ‘Halhalı’ and ‘Sarı Hasebi’ olive treesvarieties grown in Hatay province. The VCs were analyzed by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using solid phase micro-extraction(SPME). The 97 out of 127 VCs identified were found common in all the oliveleaves. Terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols and ketones were identified in the oliveleaves as major VCs groups, which accounted for about 36-60%, 20-28%, 6-14% and4-8% of total VCs identified in leaves, respectively. The relative proportionsof these chemical groups showed considerably differences among olive leaves.α-Cubebene was found as major VC followed by trans-caryophyllene, α-farnesene, trans-2-hexenal, benzeneethanol, nonanal, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal,cycloisosativene, trans-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene,2,4-heptadienal, α-humulene, α-muurolene and benzaldehyde. These compoundsaccounted for 56-75% of total VCs identified in the olive leaves. While‘Halhalı’ olive leaf had highest (p

The present study deals with the GC MS analysis of one Ayurvedic prepaation, Vasakadyarishtam, which is a mucolytic medicine used for the treatment of cough, cold, chest congestion asthma and related diseases like bronchitis, inflammation and hemoptysis. The most important constituent of this medicine is Vasaka or Adhatoda vesika plant, which is known for its anti-cough and cold usage in Ayurveda. This study was to understand the main biomolecules present in this medicine by GC MS analysis. The results indicted the presence of some important molecules such as Eucalyptol, Phenylethyl alcohol, Camphor, Ethyl hydrogen succinate, Succinic acid, cyclobutyl ethyl ester, 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-(1-methylethyl)-(R)-,. alpha.-Terineol, 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural, p-Anisic acid, 4-nitrophenyl ester, 2-Propen-1-0l, 3-phenyl, Benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy-Propiophenone, 2‘-(trimethylsioxy)-, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester and Octadecanoic acid and 2, 3-dyhydroxypropyl ester. These molecules are known for their various medicinal properties which indicate their roles in this formulation.

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of β-methoxy-benzeneethanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. β-methoxy-benzeneethanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar–Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for β-methoxy-benzeneethanol were evaluated then summarized and includes physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, mucous membrane (eye) irritation, skin sensitization, phototoxicity, and photoallergy data. A safety assessment of the entire Aryl Alkyl Alcohols will be published simultaneously with this document; please refer to Belsito et al., 2012 for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all Aryl Alkyl Alcohols in fragrances. Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2012. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of aryl alkyl alcohols when used as fragrance ingredients.

AIM: To investigate chemical constituents of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. METHODS: Isolation and purification were carried out by column chromatographic methods. Compounds were characterized based on their physical characteristics and spectra data. RESULTS: Seventeen compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of S. suberectus. The structures were elucidated as prestegane B (1), (2R, 3R)-buteaspermanol (2), (+)-medioresinol (3), (2R, 3R)-3,7-dihydroxyflavanone (4), benzeneethanol (5), 4, 7, 2'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol (6), naringenin (7), blumenol A (8), protocatechuic acid ethyl ester (9), liquiritigenin (10), 7, 4'-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-isoflavone (11), 3, 5, 7, 3', 5'-pentahydroxyflavanone (12), protocatechuic acid (13), glycyroside (14), 8-methylretusin-7-O--D-glucopyranoside (15), 3, 3', 4', 5, 6, 7, 8-heptahydroxyflavan (16), and dulcisflavan (17). CONCLUSION: All compounds are firstly isolated from the title plant and compounds 1, 3 were isolated from the Spatholobus genus for the first time.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of O. dioica Roxb. leaf and bark extract and its isolated constituent benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy- on aphrodisiac activity in rats using different standard aphrodisiac parameters.Methods: To determine the aphrodisiac activity several parameters were observed. These include measuring and observing the mount frequency (MF), mount latency (ML), intromission frequency (IF), intromission latency (IL), anogenital sniffing (AS), and genital grooming (GG).Results: The aphrodisiac activity of O. dioica Roxb. leaf and bark extracts and its pure compound were studied on Wistar albino rats at different dosages. The parameters observed during the study were MF, ML, IF, IL, AS, and GG. The results revealed that the crude extracts showed dose-dependent activity in all the concentration, in that, ethanolic leaf extract showed excellent activity compared to ethanolic bark extract and pure compound benzene ethanol 4-hydroxy.Conclusion: Results showed the excellent aphrodisiac activity of O. dioica Roxb. leaf and bark ethanolic extracts. However, the major compound benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy- was not responsible for the aphrodisiac activity, may be the minor compounds even though in minor concentration in the extract influence the sexual activity in tested animals.

We have reported that glycosidically bound volatiles (GBVs), known as a plant fragrance precursor, were metabolized by skin microflora to release their aglycones as fragrant materials through in vitro examination. To confirm the practicality of GBVs for the application of fragrant products, headspace measurements have been made to assess the generation of fragrant materials from the skin or head, on which a solution of several GBVs was applied. GBVs, particularly β-D-glucoside, gradually changed to fragrant materials even on the skin and head, and seemed to possess an alternative sustained-release effect to that of ordinary fragrant materials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Antioxidant activities of traditionally brewed Korean rice wines have recently been reported. The objective of this study was to identify the antioxidant activities of the volatile and non-volatile fractions of three Korean rice wines, and further to identify the active ingredients responsible for the antioxidant properties. Volatile and non-volatile components of three rice wines, Measilju, Kukwhaju and Gugijaju, were separated into seven fractions according to their polarities. Antioxidant activities were determined by an aldehyde–carboxylic acid assay for the volatile fractions and a lipid–malondialdehyde assay for the non-volatile fractions. Volatile constituents of each fraction were identified and quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In addition, antioxidant activities of specific authentic chemicals from the volatile fractions of the wines were measured, and the antioxidant properties of the volatile fractions were determined. Identification of volatile compounds potentially showing high antioxidant activities were conducted in each fraction of the three wines. Among the volatile compounds identified from volatile fractions of the wines, benzeneethanol, 2-furanmethanol and 4-ethyl-2methoxyphenol showed the highest antioxidant activities, when added at higher concentrations (~100 µg/g). Identification of antioxidant properties, as well as the specific compounds responsible for these antioxidant properties, could aid Korean rice wine product developers, in terms of strategic planning for sales in the Korean market. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

A new method, frontal velocity analysis, is applied to the determination of ternary competitive isotherms for benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol on ODS-silica 1∶1 methanol-water as mobile phase. Data obtained from the new method are in good agreement with results from the classic rectangular pulse method under the same conditions. This shows that the simpler and easier method, frontal velocity analysis can be used to determine ternary competitive isotherms accurately.

This paper presents a novel optimization and design strategy for simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatographic processes in general and SMB reactors in particular. A suitable computationally efficient...

A recently proposed Jovanovic-Freundlich isotherm model for single component adsorption without lateral interactions on heterogeneous surfaces is extended to account for lateral interactions and for competitive adsorption. The model is tested using previously reported single component and competitive adsorption data of 2-phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol on ODS-silica with methanol-water as the mobile phase. A comparison is made regarding the ability of the Jovanovic-Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich models to predict competitive equilibria using the single component identified parameters. Fair predictions of the competitive data were obtained when using heterogeneous-surface models which do not take into account the possible interactions of phenylalcohols in the adsorbed phase via hydrogen bonding. Markedly improved predictions were obtained with models which account simultaneously for the two main sources of adsorbed phase nonideal behavior, i.e. adsorbate-adsorbate interactions and heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface.

Resume En phase gaseuze, les reactions de C 6 H 5 CH 2 X et C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 X (X = OH ou halogene) avec le benzene, au milieu protonant, conduisent a des diphenylalcanes protones. Les produits formes par reaction avec C 6 D 6 donnent des echanges H/D avant dissociation qui caracterisent leurs structures. Ainsi, les reactions de C 6 H 6 CH 2 CH 2 X donnent selectivement le diphenyl-1,2-ethane protone. Cette selectivite apparente resulte du tres faible temps de vie du 1,1-diphenyl ethane protone issu de la reaction SN1 du cation C 6 H 5 CHCH 3 + .

Two new compounds, 1-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl 2-phenylacetate (1) and 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (2), along with three known compounds, harzialactone A (3), benzeneethanol 4-hydroxy-1-acetate (4), and 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione-3,6-bis(penylmethyl)-homopolymer (5), have been isolated from the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Using a McCabe−Thiele diagram, we explain nonintuitive behavior in a binary reactive distillation column where we react and separate two isomers displaying a maximum boiling azeotrope. Placing sufficient reaction on only two trays in the top section of the column, we shift the top operating line to lie below the 45° line. On lower nonreacting trays, we then easily step past the azeotrope. Once past the azeotrope, we even find that the column temperature decreases as we step down the column.

Volatile components of Cistus ladanifer leaves from the north of Portugal were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gas chromatography–FID and preparative gas chromatography coupled to a sniffing system. Eighteen compounds were identified and among those, the norisoprenoid 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone was isolated by preparative-GC and identified as an important Cistus ladanifer constituent by EI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Versatile use of 4-nitrobenzyl group for protection of hydroxyl functions is described. It can be removed selectively in the presence of other benzyl-type protecting groups such as benzyl and 4-methoxybenzyl via reduction into 4-aminobenzyl group followed by electrochemical oxidation. Very clean oxidative cleavage of 4-aminobenzyl group could also be effected with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone after N -acetylation.

Ethylbromoacetate Di-tert-butyl carbonate p-Toluenesulfonic acid Benzeneethanol, beta amino-alpha phenyl- Ethyl-N-(1′2-diphenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)glycinate Ethyl N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-N-(1′2′-diphenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)glycinate (5S,6R)-4-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-5,6-diphenymorpholin-2-one 4-Morpholinecarboxylic acid, 6-oxo-2,3-diphenyl, 1,1, dimethylethyl-2-one Keywords: asymmetric synthesis; alpha-amino acids; waste disposal; lactones; morpholine; bromination; stereoselective coupling; organometallic reagents

The lack of interpretation methods useful in evaluating the aroma-profiles of wines makes it necessary to thoroughly investigate alternative evaluation procedures. By adding three appropriate normal hydrocarbon standards to all sample extracts, measuring the Programmed Temperature Retention Indexes of the components and by normalizing the peak areas to that of the 1-alpha-Terpineol (in musts) or Benzeneethanol (in wines), the aroma features could be visualized. The relationship or identity of the aroma patterns could be deduced from the presence or absence of similar polygons in the -constellation-map" of the components.

The reaction mechanism of chemical conversion of (E)-β-[2-hydroxylphenylethylene]benzeneethanol into 2-phenylbenzofuran by DDQ, which involves loss of one carbon unit, was characterized and described. Five naturally occurring 2-phenylbenzofurans of not only the isoflavonoid but also stilbenoid origin were synthesized by use of this chemical scheme, which proved that this new scheme is a useful tool for quick synthesis of 2-phenylbenzofurans.

Acetoxyborohydride (CH 3 COO B H 3 ) hydroborates olefins in the presence of some reducible functional groups.

It was demonstrated that (1,1-dihydroperfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium triflates (FMITS) served as very useful sources of 1,1- dihydroperfluoroalkyl cations. With a variety of nucleophiles, the corresponding fluoroalkyl derivatives were obtained.

A reinvestigation of the two known methods of preparation of the title compound 1 revealed that one of these leads to a mixture of 1 and 4-[2-(acetoxy)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (5). The other method yields only 2-methoxy-4-(2-phenylethyl)phenol (6). An unambiguous straightforward preparation of 1 by LiAlH4 reduction of 3,4-dihydroxy-1-benzeneacetic acid (8) is described. Eine neue Studie zur Darstellung von 3,4-Dihydroxy-1-benzolethanol Die zwei bekannten Darstellungsmethoden der Titelverbindung 1 sind erneut untersucht worden. Danach entsteht in einem Fall ein Gemisch von 1 und 4-[2-(Acetoxy)ethyl]-1,2-benzoldiol (5), im anderen nur 2-Methoxy-4-(2-phenylethyl)phenol (6). Im folgenden wird eine eindeutige und einfache Synthese fur 1 durch Reduktion von 3,4-Dihydroxy-1-benzolessigsaure (8) mit LiAlH4 beschrieben.

A reinvestigation of the two known methods of preparation of the title compound 1 revealed that one of these leads to a mixture of 1 and 4-[2-(acetoxy)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (5). The other method yields only 2-methoxy-4-(2-phenylethyl)phenol (6). An unambiguous straightforward preparation of 1 by LiAlH4 reduction of 3,4-dihydroxy-1-benzeneacetic acid (8) is described. Eine neue Studie zur Darstellung von 3,4-Dihydroxy-1-benzolethanol Die zwei bekannten Darstellungsmethoden der Titelverbindung 1 sind erneut untersucht worden. Danach entsteht in einem Fall ein Gemisch von 1 und 4-[2-(Acetoxy)ethyl]-1,2-benzoldiol (5), im anderen nur 2-Methoxy-4-(2-phenylethyl)phenol (6). Im folgenden wird eine eindeutige und einfache Synthese fur 1 durch Reduktion von 3,4-Dihydroxy-1-benzolessigsaure (8) mit LiAlH4 beschrieben.

A new electrochemical method of acetylation, using methyl acetate at room temperature, was developed. The current efficiency in all the reactions with primary alcohols exceeded 100%, ranging from 126 to 166%, indicating that this method of acetylation is advantageous for the preparation of acetates from the viewpoint of energy economy.

The rapid reaction of t-butyldimethylchlorosilane with alcohols catalysed by diisopropylethylamine at room temperature gave high isolated yields of the t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers.

Sodium percarbonate, a readily available, inexpensive and easy to handle reagent, efficiently oxidizes organoboranes. The yields of alcohols are essentially identical to those obtained using standard oxidation procedure.