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Genetic linkage maps are used to localize markers on the genome based on the recombination frequency. Most often, these maps are based on the segregation observed within a single biparental population of limited size (n < 300) where relatively few recombination events are sampled and in which some genomic regions are monomorphic because both parents carry the same alleles. Together, these two limitations affect both the resolution and extent of genome coverage of such maps. Consensus genetic maps overcome the limitations of individual genetic maps by merging the information from multiple segregating populations derived from a greater diversity of parental combinations, thus increasing the number of recombination events and reducing the number of monomorphic regions. The aim of this study was to construct a high-density consensus genetic map for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained through a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. Individual genetic maps were generated from six [F.sub.4:5] mapping populations (n = 278-365), totaling 1857 individuals. The six linkage maps were then merged to produce a consensus map comprising a total of 16 311 mapped SNPs that jointly cover 99.5% of the soybean genome with only two gaps larger than 10 cM. Compared to previous soybean consensus maps, it offers a more extensive and uniform coverage. Key words: soybean, genetic mapping, consensus genetic map, genotyping-by-sequencing, recombination events Les cartes genetiques sont employees pour positionner des marqueurs sur le genome en fonction de la frequence de recombinaison. Le plus souvent, ces cartes sont fondees sur la segregation observee au sein d'une population biparentale de taille limitee (n < 300) au sein de laquelle un nombre relativement restreint d'evenements de recombinaison sont rencontres et certaines regions genomiques sont monomorphes du fait que les deux parents partagent les memes alleles. Ensemble, ces deux limitations affectent a la fois la resolution et le degre de couverture du genome que conferent ces cartes. Les cartes genetiques consensus permettent de surmonter ces limitations propres aux cartes individuelles en fusionnant l'information obtenue a partir de plusieurs populations en segregation derivees d'une plus grande diversite de parents. Cela permet a la fois d'augmenter le nombre d'evenements de recombinaison et de reduire le nombre de regions monomorphes. Le but de ce travail etait de produire une carte genetique consensus a haute densite a l'aide de polymorphismes mononucleotidiques (SNP) obtenus par genotypage par sequencage (GBS). Les cartes individuelles ont ete generees a partir de six populations [F.sub.4:5] (n = 278-365) totalisant 1857 individus. Les six cartes de liaison ont ensuite ete fusionnees pour produire une carte consensus comptant 16 311 marqueurs SNP qui couvraient plus de 99,5 % du genome du soja et qui ne comptaient que deux intervalles sans marqueurs de plus de 10 cM. Par rapport aux cartes consensus anterieures chez le soja, celle-ci offre une couverture plus complete et plus uniforme. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : soja, cartographie genetique, carte genetique consensus, genotypage par sequencage, evenements de recombinaison, Introduction Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a diploid species (2n = 40) that is believed to have been domesticated in eastern Asia 6000-9000 years ago (Sedivy et al. 2017). [...]

As genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is widely used in barley genetic studies, the translation of the physical position of GBS-derived SNPs into accurate genetic positions has become relevant. The main aim of this study was to develop a high-resolution consensus linkage map based on GBS-derived SNPs. The construction of this integrated map involved 11 bi-parental populations composed of 3743 segregating progenies. We adopted a uniform set of SNPcalling and filtering conditions to identify 50 875 distinct SNPs segregating in at least one population. These SNPs were grouped into 18 580 non-redundant SNPs (bins). The resulting consensus linkage map spanned 1050.1 cM, providing an average density of 17.7 bins and 48.4 SNPs per cM. The consensus map is characterized by the absence of large intervals devoid of marker coverage (significant gaps), the largest interval between bins was only 3.7 cM and the mean distance between adjacent bins was 0.06 cM. This high-resolution linkage map will contribute to several applications in genomic research, such as providing useful information on the recombination landscape for QTLs/genes identified via GWAS or ensuring a uniform distribution of SNPs when developing low-cost genotyping tools offering a limited number of markers. Key words: barley, genotyping-by-sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism, bi-parental population, recombination event, linkage map, consensus map, genetic position. Comme le genotypage par sequen age (GBS) est largement utilise pour les analyses genetiques chez l'orge, la correspondance entre la position physique des marqueurs SNP derives du GBS et leur position genetique precise est importante a etablir. Le but principal de ce travail etait de produire une carte genetique consensus a haute resolution fondee sur des marqueurs SNP derives du GBS. La production de cette carte integree repose sur 11 populations biparentales totalisant 3743 individus en segregation. Les auteurs ont employe une serie de parametres uniformes pour l'appel et la filtration des SNP ce qui a permis d'identifier 50 875 marqueurs distincts qui etaient en segregation au sein d'au moins une population. Ces SNP ont ensuite ete groupes en 18 580 SNP non-redondants ([much less than] bins [much greater than]). La carte genetique consensus ainsi produite s'etend sur 1050,1 cM, offrant ainsi une densite moyenne de 17,7 bins et 48,4 SNP par cM. La carte consensus ne presente aucun grand intervalle depourvu de marqueurs ([much less than] gaps [much greater than] significatifs), l'intervalle le plus grand entre bins etant de seulement 3,7 cM et la distance moyenne entre bins etant de 0,06 cM. Cette carte a haute resolution trouvera de nombreuses applications en genomique tel que des informations utiles sur le niveau de recombinaison a proximite de QTL/genes identifies au terme d'analyses GWAS ou pour assurer une distribution uniforme des marqueurs SNP lors du developpement d'outils de genotypage a faible cout reposant sur un nombre limite de marqueurs. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: orge, genotypage par sequencage, polymorphisme mononucleotidique, population biparentale, evenement de recombinaison, carte de liaison genetique, carte consensus, position genetique., Introduction A genetic linkage map portrays the order and genetic positions of molecular markers and other loci on all chromosomes within an organism. It is most commonly inferred from marker [...]

Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is a rapid, flexible, low-cost, and robust genotyping method that simultaneously discovers variants and calls genotypes withina broad rangeof samples. These characteristics make GBS an excellent tool for many applications and research questions from conservation biology to functional genomics in both model and non-model species. Continued improvement of GBS relies on a more comprehensive understanding of data analysis, development of fast and efficient bioinformatics pipelines, accurate missing data imputation, and active post-release support. Here, we present the second generation of Fast-GBS (v2.0) that offers several new options (e.g., processing paired-end reads and imputation of missing data) and features (e.g., summary statistics of genotypes) to improve the GBS data analysis process. The performance assessment analysis showed that Fast-GBS v2.0 outperformed other available analytical pipelines, such as GBS-SNP-CROP and Gb-eaSy. Fast-GBS v2.0 provides an analysis platform that can be run with different types of sequencing data, modest computational resources, and allows for missing-data imputation for various species in different contexts. Key words: genotyping-by-sequencing, GBS data analysis, bioinformatics pipeline, Fast-GBS. Le genotypage par sequencage (GBS pour 'genotyping-by-sequencing') est une approche de genotypage rapide, flexible, a faible cout et robuste pour simultanement identifier des variants et appeler les genotypes chez une vaste gamme d'echantillons. Ces caracteristiques font du GBS un excellent outil pour de nombreuses applications et travaux de recherche allant de la biologie de la conservation a la genomique fonctionnelle tant chez des especes modeles que non-modeles. Une amelioration continuelle du GBS necessite une comprehension approfondie de l'analyse de donnees, du developpement de pipelines bioinformatiques rapides et efficaces, de l'imputation exacte des donnees manquantes et un soutien technique ulterieur. Dans ce travail, les auteurs presentent la seconde generation du pipeline Fast-GBS (v2.0), lequel offre plusieurs options nouvelles (p. ex. le traitement des lectures en paires et l'imputation de donnees manquantes) et produit de nouveaux fichiers (p. ex. des statistiques sommaires sur les genotypes) afin d'ameliorer le processus de traitement des donnees GBS. Une analyse de la performance a montre que Fast-GBS v2.0 etait plus efficace que d'autres pipelines analytiques disponibles tels que GBS-SNP-CROP et Gb-eaSy. Fast-GBS v2.0 offre une plateforme d'analyse qui peut operer sur differents types de donnees de sequencage, requiere de faibles ressources computationnelles et permet l'imputation des donnees manquantes pour diverses especes dans differents contextes. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : genotypage par sequencage, analyse de donnees GBS, pipeline bioinformatique, Fast-GBS., Improved features of Fast-GBS v2.0 Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has revolutionized plant and animal research in many ways, but undoubtedly, the greatest barrier to its broader use, contrary to alternative genotyping technologies [...]

For all major crops, sizeable genebanks are maintained across the world and serve as repositories of genetic diversity and key sources of novel traits used in breeding. Although molecular markers have been used to characterize diversity in a broad sense, the most common approach to exploring these resources has been through phenotypic characterization of subsets of these large collections. With the advent of affordable large-scale genotyping technologies and the increasing body of candidate genes for traits of interest, we argue here that it is time for a paradigm shift in the way that we explore and exploit these considerable and highly useful resources. By combining dense genotypic information in and around candidate genes, it is possible to classify accessions based on their haplotype, something approximating the actual alleles at these genes of interest. Key words: plant genetic resources, phenotyping, next-generation sequencing, haplotype analysis. Chez toutes les principales cultures, d'importantes banques de ressources genetiques sont maintenues de par le monde et servent tant a preserver la diversite genetique que de source de caracteres nouveaux en amelioration genetique. Bien que les marqueurs moleculaires aient ete employes pour caracteriser cette diversite d'une maniere generale, l'approche la plus commune pour explorer ces ressources s'est averee la caracterisation phenotypique de sous-ensembles de ces grandes collections. Avec l'avenement de nouvelles technologies de genotypage a grande echelle et a faible cout, de meme qu'avec l'inventaire toujours croissant de genes candidats pour des caracteres d'interet, les auteurs avancent qu'il est temps d'operer un changement de paradigme dans la maniere dont sont explorees et exploitees ces ressources a la fois immenses et tres utiles. En combinant une information genotypique a haute densite a l'interieur ou a proximite des genes candidats, il devient possible de classifier les accessions sur la base de leur haplotype, une caracterisation qui s'approche de l'identification des alleles a ces genes d'interet. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: ressources genetiques vegetales, phenotypage, sequencage de nouvelle generation, analyse haplotypique., Introduction Genebanks act as important repositories of large collections of plant genetic resources (PGRs) that are key to ensuring the long-term conservation of the existing genetic diversity of a crop. [...]

Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) potentially offers a cost-effective alternative for SNP discovery and genotyping. Here, we report the exploration of GBS in tetraploid potato. Both ApeKI and PstI/MspI enzymes were used for library preparation on eight diverse potato genotypes. ApeKI yielded more markers than PstI/MspI but provided a lower read coverage per marker, resulting in more missing data and limiting effective genotyping to the tetraploid mode. We then assessed the accuracy of these SNPs by comparison with SolCAP data (5824 data points in diploid mode and 3243 data points in tetraploid mode) and found the match rates between genotype calls was 90.4% and 81.3%, respectively. Imputation of missing data did not prove very accurate because of incomplete haplotype discovery, suggesting caution in setting the allowance for missing data. To further assess the quality of GBS-derived data, a genome-wide association analysis was performed for flower color on 318 clones (with ApeKI). A strong association signal on chromosome 2 was obtained with the most significant SNP located in the middle of the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene. We conclude that an appropriate choice of enzyme for GBS library preparation makes it possible to obtain high-quality SNPs in potato and will be helpful for marker-assisted genomics. Key words: genotyping-by-sequencing, potato, complexity reduction, genome-wide association mapping, marker-assisted genomics. Resume : Le genotypage par sequencage (GBS) offre potentiellement une alternative economique pour l'identification et le genotypage de polymorphismes SNP. Dans ce travail, les auteurs explorent le GBS chez la pomme de terre tetraploide. Les enzymes ApeKI et PstI/MspI ont ete employees pour produire des librairies comprenant huit genotypes de pomme de terre. ApeKI a permis d'obtenir plus de marqueurs que la combinaison PstI/MspI mais avec une profondeur de couverture reduite par marqueur de telle maniere qu'il y avait davantage de donnees manquantes et limitant ainsi le genotypage en mode tetraploide. Les auteurs ont ensuite examine l'exactitude de ces SNP en les comparant aux donnees SolCAP (5824 genotypes appelesen mode diploide et 3243 en mode tetraploide) ; ils ont trouve que les taux de concordance dans l'appel de ces genotypes etaient de 90,4 et 81,3 % respectivement. L'imputation des donnees manquantes ne s'est pas averee tres precise en raison de l'identification incomplete des haplotypes ; cela suggere qu'il faut faire preuve de prudence lors du choix du seuil de tolerance pour les donnees manquantes. Pour evaluer plus en profondeur la qualite des donnees issues du GBS, une analyse d'association pangenomique a ete realisee pour la couleur des fleurs chez 318 clones (avec ApeKI). Une forte association sur le chromosome 2 a ete detectee et le SNP le plus associe etait situe au milieu du gene codant pour la dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Les auteurs concluent qu'un choix judicieux de l'enzyme pour la preparation des librairies GBS rend possible l'obtention de SNP de grande qualite chez la pomme de terre et sera utile en genomique assistee de marqueurs. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : genotypage par sequencage, pomme de terre, reduction de complexite, cartographie d'association pangenomique, genomique assistee de marqueurs., Introduction The use of molecular markers derived from next-generation sequencing (NGS) has begun to revolutionise the way plant genetic research is being conducted. Such developments have been slowerin potato than [...]

In barley, semi-dwarf varieties are attractive for their superior harvest index and lodging resistance, but many semi-dwarf barley genotypes suffer from poor spike emergence. We performed a genetic characterization of a semi-dwarf line (ND23049) that combines short stature, strong stiff culms, and adequate spike emergence. Wedeveloped a doubled haploid (DH) population derived by crossing ND23049 and the cultivar CLE253. A subset of 88 DH lines and parents were characterized for plant height in 2013 and 2014 and genotyped. In total, 1984 SNPs (345 unique loci) were used to produce a linkage map of 1127.1 cM. Three QTLs for plant height were detected in this population and coincided with the HvGA20ox2/Sdw1, HvBRI1/Uzu1, and HvPRR95 gene loci. The phenotypic variation explained by each QTL was 75.8%, 7.7%, and 4.1%, respectively, and jointly explained 83.3% (2013) and 87.7% (2014) of plant height. Our results suggest that ND23049 contributed the 'short' allele at the HvGA20ox2/sdw1 locus while CLE253 provided 'short' alleles at the HvBRI1/uzu1 and HvPRR95 loci. We identified a large deletion (at least 92.7 Kb), including HvGA20ox2 (Sdw1), as the causal mutation in ND23049. A set of tightly flanked SNP markers will help breeders to develop improved semi-dwarf varieties. Key words: plant height, barley, genotyping-by-sequencing, QTL mapping, Sdw1, and Uzu1. Resume : Chez l'orge, les cultivars semi-nains sont attrayants en raison de leur indice de recolte et de leur resistance a la verse superieurs, mais plusieurs genotypes semi-nains souffrent d'une pietre emergence de l'epi. Les auteurs ont realise une caracterisation genetique d'une lignee semi-naine (ND23049) qui combine une petite taille, des tiges fortes et une bonne emergence de l'epi. Les auteurs ont produit une population de lignees doubles haploides (HD) a partir d'un croisement entre ND23049 et le cultivar CLE253. Un sous-ensemble de la population de lignees HD ainsi que les parents ont ete caracterises pour la taille des plantes en 2013 et 2014 en plus de faire l'objet d'un genotypage. Au total, 1984 marqueurs SNP (345 locus uniques) ont ete employes pour produire une carte de liaison genetique totalisant 1127,1 cM. Trois QTL pour la taille des plantes ont ete detectes au sein de cette population et coincidaient avec la position de HvGA20ox2/Sdw1, HvBRI1/Uzu1 et HvPRR95. La variation phenotypique expliquee par chaque QTL etait respectivement de 75,8, 7,7 et 4,1 %, pour un total de 83,3 % (en 2013) ou de 87,7 % (en 2014) de la variance phenotypique pour la taille. Les resultats suggerent que la lignee ND23049 a contribue l'allele << court >> au locus HvGA20ox2/Sdw1 tandis que CLE253 a fourni les alleles << courts >> aux locus HvBRI1/Uzu1 et HvPRR95. Les auteurs ont identifie une grande deletion (d'au moins 92,7 kb) qui englobait HvGA20ox2/Sdw1 comme etant la mutation causale chez ND23049. Un ensemble de marqueurs SNP bordants et etroitement lies aidera les selectionneurs a developper des cultivars semi-nains ameliores. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : taille des plantes, orge, genotypage par sequencage, cartographie QTL, Sdw1, Uzu1., Introduction In barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), plant height is influenced by many qualitative genes and QTLs including dwarfing or semi-dwarfing genes. It has often been reported that dwarfing genes [...]

The aim of this study was to measure genetic diversity and population structure among 92 Canadian barley cultivars using two types of molecular markers (SSRs and DArTs) and pedigree data. A total of 368 alleles were identified at 50 SSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged between 2 and 13 ([bar.x]= 7.36) and PIC values ranged from 0.34 to 0.86 ([bar.x] = 0.69). For the biallelic DArT markers, the genetic distance matrix was based on 971 markers whose PIC values ranged between 0.06 and 0.50 ([bar.x] = 0.39). A third distance matrix was computed based on the kinship coefficient. Clustering of genotypes was performed based on the genetic distance matrix and the three dendrograms obtained showed the genetic relationships among barley cultivars. The topological similarity of the three dendrograms was estimated using a congruence index and showed the three dendrograms to be in very good agreement. Statistical analysis also showed a highly significant correlation between the SSR and DArT matrices (r = 0.80, p < 0.002) compared with lower yet significant correlations of the pedigree data with both marker types (r = 0.46, p < 0.002; r = 0.52, p < 0.002). Finally, we assessed linkage disequilibrium in this germplasm and found it to be quite extensive, as the mean distance between marker pairs with significant (P < 0.001) [r.sup.2] values > 0.5 was 3.8 cM. Information obtained from comparing results of different genetic diversity estimation methods should be useful for the improvement and conservation of barley genetic resources. Key words: barley, genetic distance, kinship coefficient, linkage disequilibrium (LD), SSR, DArT. L'objectif de cette etude etait de mesurer la diversite genetique et la structure des populations parmi 92 cultivars canadiens d'orge en utilisant deux types de marqueurs moleculaires (SSR et DArT) et le pedigree. Un total de 368 alleles ont ete identifies a 50 locus SSR. Le nombre d'alleles par locus variait de 2 a 13 ([bar.x] = 7,36) et l'indice PIC variait entre 0,34 et 0,86 ([bar.x] = 0,69). Pour les marqueurs bialleliques DArT, la matrice de distance genetique s'est basee sur 971 marqueurs dont les indices PIC variaient entre 0,06 et 0,50 ([bar.x] = 0,39). Une troisieme matrice de distance a ete calculee basee sur le coefficient de parente. Un groupement des genotypes a ete effectue base sur les matrices de distances genetiques et les trois dendrogrammes obtenus ont montre les relations genetiques entre les cultivars d'orge. La similarite topologique des trois dendrogrammes a ete estimee en utilisant un indice de congruence et a montre que les trois dendrogrammes presentent une tres bonne concordance. Les analyses statistiques ont egalement montre une correlation tres significative entre les matrices SSR et DArT (r = 0,80, p < 0,002) mais une faible correlation positive entre la matrice basee sur le pedigree et les matrices basees sur les deux types de marqueurs (r = 0,46, p < 0,002; r = 0,52, p < 0,002). Finalement, nous avons etudie le desequilibre de liaison (LD) au sein de cette collection et avons trouve qu'elle s'etendait sur une bonne distance; en effet, la distance genetique entre marqueurs presentant un LD significatif (P < 0,001) et des valeurs de [r.sup.2] > 0,5 etait de 3,8 cM en moyenne. L'information obtenue en comparant les resultats de differentes methodes d'estimation de la diversite genetique sera utile pour l'amelioration et la conservation des ressources genetiques chez l'orge. Mots-cles: orge, distance genetique, coefficient de parente, desequilibre de liaison (LD), SSR, DArT., Introduction Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world (Morrell and Clegg 2007). Today, it constitutes the fourth most cultivated cereal in the world [...]

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was domesticated in China and ihe greatest genetic diversity for this species is found in Asia. In contrast, in North America, soybean cultivars trace back to a small number of plant introductions from Asia and genetic diversity is typically quite limited. The purpose of this work was to measure and compare the genetic diversity in two sets of soybean lines. The first set (termed 'local') was composed of 100 lines used in a private breeding program in Quebec. The second set (termed 'exotic') was composed of 200 lines from elsewhere in the world (but mostly from Asia) and included a few lines of Glycine soja, the wild progenitor of cultivated soybean. Almost all the genotypes belonged to maturity groups between 000 and II. A total of 39 microsatellites (SSRs) were used to genotype the two collections. The number of alleles per locus was almost twice as great in the exotic set compared with the local set. Also, the number of 'unique' alleles, i.e., those uniquely present in one set and absent in the other, was almost fivefold greater (191 vs. 37) in a subset of 108 exotic lines with good adaptation than among the local set. A genetic distance matrix, a UPGMA cluster analysis, and a principal coordinate analysis were conducted based on the SSR data. These analyses all indicated that the exotic set was much more diverse and formed a clearly distinct group from the local set. Interestingly, some of the lines showing the best adaptation to local conditions were quite distinctive in terms of their genotype and could potentially contribute useful novel genetic variation within the breeding program. Key words; Glycine max, genetic diversity, microsatellites, germplasm, genetic breeding. Le soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) a ete domestique en Chine et e'est en Asie qu'on retrouve la plus grande diversity genetique au sein de cette espece. En Amerique du Nord, les cultivars de soja proviennent d'un petit nombre d'introductions de l'Asie et leur diversite genetique est typiquement tres limitee. L'objectif de cette etude etait de mesurer et de comparer la diversite genetique au sein de deux collections de cultivars de soja. La premiere collection (dite << locale >>) etait composee de 100 lignees utilisees dans un programme de selection prive au Quebec. La deuxieme collection (dite << exotique >>) etait composee de 200 lignees de partout dans le monde (la plupart de l'Asie) et incluait quelques lignees de Glycine soja, l'aneetre sauvage du soja cultive. Presque tous les genotypes appartenaient aux groupes de maturite de 000 a II. An total, trente-neuf microsatellites (SSR) ont ete employes pour le genotypage des deux collections. Le nombre d'alleles par locus s'est avere presque deux fois plus grand dans la collection exotique par rapport a la collection locale. De plus, le nombre d'alleles << uniques >>, i.e. ceux presents dans une collection mais pas dans l'autre, etait cinq fois plus grand (191 vs 37) dans une sous-collection de 108 lignees exotiques bien adaptees que dans la collection locale. Une matrice de distance genetique, une analyse de groupement UPGMA et une analyse de coordonnees principales ont ete faites sur les donnees SSR. Toutes ces analyses indiquent que la collection exotique etait plus diverse et formait un groupe bien distinct de la collection locale. Fait interessant, certaines lignees parmi les mieux adaptees aux conditions locales etaient tres distinctes des lignees locales au niveau genotypique et pourraient s'averer une source de variation genetique nouvelle et utile dans le cadre de programmes d'amelioration. Mots-cles: Glycine max, diversite genetique, microsatellites. germoplasme, amelioration genetique., Introduction Cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (2n = 2x = 40), is an important member of the family Papilionaceae and a close relative of Glycine soja, its wild progenitor. [...]

Abstract: Arabidopsis lyrata, a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, is 1 of a few plant species for which the genome is to be entirely sequenced, which promises [...]

Abstract: Microsatellites are simple, tandem DNA repeats that represent unstable regions of the genome. They undergo frequent changes in tract length by base additions or deletions due to DNA polymerase [...]

Research has been conducted on fungal biocontrol agent Pseudozyma flocculosa. The authors report the production of P. flocculosa insertional mutants generated via genetic transformation which has led to the discovery of a rare cellobiose lipid with antifungal activity absent in deficient P. flocculosa mutants.

Copyright of Genome is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genome is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Genome is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Since its description by Ulmsten, the TVT procedure has been proven to be safe and well tolerated. Bleeding and hematoma formation, although rare, can occur. Both conservative and surgical managements of this complication have been described., Materials: We report the first case in which a pelvic branch of the obturator artery was embolized using angiography., Results: Our patient was spared surgical exploration and retained the TVT tape., Conclusion: Angiography with vessel embolization, when available, should be considered in the treatment of TVT-procedure retropubic hemorrhages.