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Background: Tousled-like kinase 2 (TLK2) gene variant-related neurodevelopmental disorder was recently described. The haploinsufficiency of TLK2 was considered the most likely underlying disease mechanism, leading to a consistent neurodevelopmental phenotype. So far, only four studies, conducted on 49 patients from North America and Europe, have been reported. Case presentation: In this study, we reported a Chinese family with a TLK2- related neuropsychiatric phenotype. The proband, a boy aged 2 years and 6 months, presented with temper tantrums, mood lability, aggressiveness, congenital astigmatism, and distinctive facial dysmorphism. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous variation in TLK2 gene (c.49dupG, p. E17Gfs*10) in them. His father carried the same TLK2 gene variant and exhibited anxiety and irritability. The parental grandparents and other family members had no such variation. Moreover, the proband was found to have global developmental delay, autism-like symptoms, and mild elevated homo-vanillic acid (HVA) and 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid levels tested in urine. Conclusion: Herein, we identified a novel TLK2 variant from a Chinese family and reported a new neuropsychiatric phenotype. This study also expanded the genotype profile of the newly defined TLK2-related neurodevelopmental disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imagawa-Matsumoto syndrome (IMMAS; MIM #618786) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by overgrowth, dysmorphic features, musculoskeletal abnormalities, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. The first case was reported in 2017 and has subsequently been diagnosed in only another 12 patients. We also present the first IMMAS patient from Turkey. A 19-year-old female was admitted to the neurology outpatient clinic due to a behavioral disorder and intellectual disability. Her physical examination revealed macrocephaly and dysmorphic features like a round face, broad forehead, hypertelorism, and variable skeletal anomalies such as flat feet, clinodactyly, and macrocephaly. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed agenesis of the corpus callosum and polymicrogyria. Chromosomal analysis results were consistent with a normal constitutional female karyotype and microarray analysis showed a de novo 1.5-MB size deletion on the long arm of chromosome 17; band q11.2 encompassing the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit (SUZ12 gene, MIM *606245). This report will contribute to the limited information in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyses a potential link of certain pathological findings to tail biting and whether tail biting/necrosis occurs in wild boars. Thirteen young wild boars and 17 rearing pigs were pathologically examined and findings compared by Chi2/t-Tests. Sixty-five tails of wild boars were analyzed pathohistologically. Typical pathological findings in wild boars were linked to parasitic infections, which were not seen in rearing pigs. However, significantly more rearing pigs were affected by parameters linked to gut health (P = 0.05) and rhinitis (P = 0.02). Pathological deviations in tails of wild boars were linked to external parasites. Wild boars are not healthier than rearing pigs (or vice versa). However, causes for diseases differ. The gut seems to be challenged in the rearing pigs. This may be explained by a nutritional challenge due to early weaning and might be linked to the development of tail biting. No evidence for tail biting/necrosis in wild boars was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Highlights 1. MiR-26a-3p is down-regulated in several neurological disease-related model. 2. Knock-down of miR-26a-3p within hippocampus induced behavioral disorders in rats. 3. Knock-down of miR-26a-3p promoted neuroinflammation in hippocampus. 4. Knock-down of miR-26a-3p resulted in dysregulation of synaptic plasticity. 5. MiR-26a-3p regulates neural inflammation and plasticity through the p38/NF-κB pathway.

Introduction: Ghrelin is originally identified as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and partially acts by stimulating growth hormone (GH) release. Our previous studies have identified GHRELIN as a novel susceptibility gene for human attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ghrelin-depleted zebrafish (Danio rerio) display ADHD-like behaviors. However, the underlying molecular mechanism how ghrelin regulates hyperactivity-like behaviors is not yet known. Results: Here, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis using adult ghrelinD/D zebrafish brains to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that gh1 mRNA and genes related to the gh signaling pathway were significantly reduced at transcriptional expression levels. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed and confirmed the downregulation of gh signaling pathway-related genes in ghrelinD/D zebrafish larvae and the brain of adult ghrelinD/D zebrafish. In addition, ghrelinD/D zebrafish displayed hyperactive and hyperreactive phenotypes, such as an increase in motor activity in swimming test and a hyperreactive phenotype under light/dark cycle stimulation, mimicking human ADHD symptoms. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) partially rescued the hyperactivity and hyperreactivelike behaviors in ghrelin mutant zebrafish. Conclusion: Our results indicated that ghrelin may regulate hyperactivity-like behaviors by mediating gh signaling pathway in zebrafish. And the protective effect of rhGH on ghrelinD/D zebrafish hyperactivity behavior provides new therapeutic clues for ADHD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several countries around the world, including Pakistan, are determined to achieve successful inclusion but are facing some major and minor challenges. For example, the dearth of physical and human resources and a lack of understanding, expertise, and attitudes. The present research was carried out to find out the role that teachers’ attitudes play in educating children suffering from behavioral disorders. Using the quantitative research design data were gathered from 230 randomly selected sample cases of teachers working in 10 traditional (non-inclusive) and 10 inclusive schools in Karachi, Pakistan. The teachers were asked to respond to items on the semantic differential scale and five-point Likert scale, respectively, to gauge their attitudes toward inclusive education. The analyses were carried out through Smart Partial Least Squares (Smart PLS) 3.0. The results from the Structural Equation Modeling analysis revealed that teachers have positive attitudes toward the education of children with behavioral disorders. Directly significant positive correlations indicated that teachers are prepared to cater students with mild behavioral disorders in their classrooms. The current study suggested the development of a support mechanism by the school administration and also the provision of guiding principles for increasing teachers’ self-efficacy to increase the chances of inclusion of students with behavioral disorders.

IntroductionGhrelin is originally identified as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and partially acts by stimulating growth hormone (GH) release. Our previous studies have identified GHRELIN as a novel susceptibility gene for human attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ghrelin-depleted zebrafish (Danio rerio) display ADHD-like behaviors. However, the underlying molecular mechanism how ghrelin regulates hyperactivity-like behaviors is not yet known.ResultsHere, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis using adult ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish brains to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that gh1 mRNA and genes related to the gh signaling pathway were significantly reduced at transcriptional expression levels. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed and confirmed the downregulation of gh signaling pathway-related genes in ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish larvae and the brain of adult ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish. In addition, ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish displayed hyperactive and hyperreactive phenotypes, such as an increase in motor activity in swimming test and a hyperreactive phenotype under light/dark cycle stimulation, mimicking human ADHD symptoms. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) partially rescued the hyperactivity and hyperreactive-like behaviors in ghrelin mutant zebrafish. ConclusionOur results indicated that ghrelin may regulate hyperactivity-like behaviors by mediating gh signaling pathway in zebrafish. And the protective effect of rhGH on ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish hyperactivity behavior provides new therapeutic clues for ADHD patients.

Background: Improving surgical and interventional modalities for treating congenital heart disease has increased these children's life expectancy, leading to increased cognitive and behavioral problems. Objectives: This study compared executive function between surgically and interventionally treated congenital heart disease children and their age-matched controls. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 30 children treated with surgery, 30 interventionally treated patients, and 30 healthy controls. These participants were compared in the executive function domains by the Stroop test, trail making test, cancellation test, visual and auditory memory span test, and behavioral problems using the parental form of strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Results: Executive function in memory span and sustained attention was lower in the surgical group than in the intervention group (P< 0.05). Both groups had lower flexibility, memory recall, simple and complex working memory, visual attention, and simple and complex selective attention performance (P< 0.05). The effect of behavioral problems on daily life was higher in surgical patients than in the intervention group (P< 0.0001). Both groups of patients had higher emotional, conduct, and communication problems than the control group (P< 0.0001). Conclusions: Interventionally treated patients had better performance than surgically treated patients. Regardless of disease severity or treatment, patients with congenital heart disease had poor performance than normal subjects and suffered from behavioral disorders affecting their daily lives. Therefore, it is essential to include diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for treating these patients' executive function and behavioral problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuronal injury is considered a critical risk factor in the pathogenesis of most neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and identification of potential therapeutic targets for preventing neuronal injury associated with brain function remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, identifying neural mechanisms would put new insights into the progression of this condition and provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases.Methods: Stereotactic injection of AAV virus was used to knock-down the miR-26a-3p within hippocampus of rats. Behavioral changes was detected by open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The inflammatory cytokines and related proteins were verified by real-time quantitative PCR, immunoblotting or immunofluorescence assay. Golgi staining and electron microscopy analysis was used to observe the dendritic spine, synapse and ultrastructural pathology. SB203580 (0.5 mg/kg) were administered daily to prevent p38 MAPK via an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Finally, electrophysiological method was used to examine the synaptic transmission via whole-cell patch-clamp recording.Results: Here, we showed that miR-26a-3p deficiency within hippocampal regions leads to the activation of microglia, increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and behavioral disorders in rats, effects which appear to be mediated by directly targeting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-NF-κB signaling pathway. Specifically, we found that the enhanced glia-activation may consequently result in neuronal deterioration that mainly presented as the dysregulation of structural and functional plasticity in hippocampal neurons. In contrast, preventing p38 pathway by SB203580 significantly ameliorated abnormal behavioral phenotypes and neuronal jury resulting from miR-26a-3p knock-down.Conclusion: These results suggest that the normal expression of miR-26a-3p exerts neuroprotective effects via suppressing neural abnormality and maintaining neuroplasticity to against behavioral disorders in rats. These effects appear to involve a down-regulation of p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling within the hippocampal region. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that miR-26a-3p can function as a critical factor in regulating neural activity and suggest that the maintaining of normal structure and function of neurons might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keynote speech for the annual Colloquium of the University of Bologna Law Review, February 22nd, 2021, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna (Bologna, Italy)

Background: Mental health problems evolving from early childhood to adolescent period affect the processes of adaptation and capability in adulthood. Aims and Objectives: The study aims to study the prevalence of different types of behavioral disorders among children and early adolescents (6–12 years) and detect association between socio-demographic parameters and behavioral disorders as well as detect the behavioral problems for early treatment regarding their child’s behavioral problem. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric OPD and Adolescent Clinic of Calcutta National Medical College from March 2019 to February 2020. 176 patients were included after proper sampling and consent. Semi-structured socio-demographic profile sheet was filled up by parents. Individual child was assessed for various behavioral disorders using the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI)-4 parent questionnaire where data were collected from parents by the investigator through a single time interview. Results: Prevalence of Anxiety disorders was highest in our study, with increased incidence in females. Autism in children was found to be associated with their low birth weight. High incidence of disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorder was seen among boys and mainly in children living with single parent and mothers working. Conclusion: The study is based on informants’ perceptions of the children’s behavior. The study enables understanding of the behavior of children and associated contexts which is essential to make an interventional plan tailored to the needs of the child in the long run.

Feather pecking in chickens is a damaging behavior, seriously impacting animal welfare and leading to economic losses. Feather pecking is a complex trait, which is partly under genetic control. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of feather pecking and notably, several studies have identified similarities between feather pecking and human mental disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia. This study uses transcriptomic and phenotypic data from 167 chickens to map expression quantitative trait loci and to identify regulatory genes with a significant effect on this behavioral disorder using an association weight matrix approach. From 70 of the analyzed differentially expressed genes, 11,790 genome wide significantly associated variants were detected, of which 23 showed multiple associations (≥15). These were located in proximity to a number of genes, which are transcription regulators involved in chromatin binding, nucleic acid metabolism, protein translation and putative regulatory RNAs. The association weight matrix identified 36 genes and the two transcription factors: SP6 (synonym: KLF14) and ENSGALG00000042129 (synonym: CHTOP) as the most significant, with an enrichment of KLF14 binding sites being detectable in 40 differentially expressed genes. This indicates that differential expression between animals showing high and low levels of feather pecking was significantly associated with a genetic variant in proximity to KLF14. This multiallelic variant was located 652 bp downstream of KLF14 and is a deletion of 1-3 bp. We propose that a deletion downstream of the transcription factor KLF14 has a negative impact on the level of T cells in the developing brain of high feather pecking chickens, which leads to developmental and behavioral abnormalities. The lack of CD4 T cells and gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are important factors for the increased propensity of laying hens to perform feather pecking. As such, KLF14 is a clear candidate regulator for the expression of genes involved in the pathogenic development. By further elucidating the regulatory pathways involved in feather pecking we hope to take significant steps forward in explaining and understanding other mental disorders, not just in chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tousled-like kinase 2 (TLK2) gene variant-related neurodevelopmental disorder was recently described. The haploinsufficiency of TLK2 was considered the most likely underlying disease mechanism, leading to a consistent neurodevelopmental phenotype. So far, only four studies, conducted on 49 patients from North America and Europe, have been reported., Case Presentation: In this study, we reported a Chinese family with a TLK2 -related neuropsychiatric phenotype. The proband, a boy aged 2 years and 6 months, presented with temper tantrums, mood lability, aggressiveness, congenital astigmatism, and distinctive facial dysmorphism. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous variation in TLK2 gene (c.49dupG, p. E17Gfs*10) in them. His father carried the same TLK2 gene variant and exhibited anxiety and irritability. The parental grandparents and other family members had no such variation. Moreover, the proband was found to have global developmental delay, autism-like symptoms, and mild elevated homo-vanillic acid (HVA) and 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid levels tested in urine., Conclusion: Herein, we identified a novel TLK2 variant from a Chinese family and reported a new neuropsychiatric phenotype. This study also expanded the genotype profile of the newly defined TLK2 -related neurodevelopmental disorder., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Huang, Qian, Yang and Li.)

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background The problem of students’ gaming addiction has been related to the individual student’s characteristics and the influence of family environment. Researchers aimed to investigate if and how internet gaming disorder (IGD) of the elementary school boys and girls is related to behavioral disorder and their mother’s parenting style in Iran. Methods This is a descriptive correlational study, involving 657 fifth and sixth-grade elementary school students in 2019. Researchers used a multistage stratified random sampling of students, their parents and their teachers. Data were collected using internet gaming disorder questionnaire (IGD 20), Rutter teacher behavioral disorder questionnaire and Baumrind Parenting Styles questionnaire (PSI). Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version16 for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results Findings showed that IGD prevalence was 5.9% among primary school students with significant relationship between IGD and behavioral disorder among all participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.04); although it was insignificant among boys (r = 0.13, p = 0.11). Also the relationship between IGD and mother’s parenting style was significant in the total sample (r = 0.12, p = 0.03), in particular for girls and their mothers (r = 0.2, p = 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study indicate the importance of family and parental involvement in prevention and management of IGD chiefly among girls. Healthcare professionals will benefit from knowing the problematic consequences of online gaming among school-age children and try to promote safe and healthy online behavior supported by a supervised family environment.

Background: Mental health problems evolving from early childhood to adolescent period affect the processes of adaptation and capability in adulthood. Aims and Objectives: The study aims to study the prevalence of different types of behavioral disorders among children and early adolescents (6-12 years) and detect association between socio-demographic parameters and behavioral disorders as well as detect the behavioral problems for early treatment regarding their child's behavioral problem. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric OPD and Adolescent Clinic of Calcutta National Medical College from March 2019 to February 2020. 176 patients were included after proper sampling and consent. Semi-structured socio-demographic profile sheet was filled up by parents. Individual child was assessed for various behavioral disorders using the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI)-4 parent questionnaire where data were collected from parents by the investigator through a single time interview. Results: Prevalence of Anxiety disorders was highest in our study, with increased incidence in females. Autism in children was found to be associated with their low birth weight. High incidence of disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorder was seen among boys and mainly in children living with single parent and mothers working. Conclusion: The study is based on informants' perceptions of the children's behavior. The study enables understanding of the behavior of children and associated contexts which is essential to make an interventional plan tailored to the needs of the child in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: This review of the literature aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown on teenagers' mental health. We distinguish two groups: adolescents who had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder and the general population of adolescents. Recent Findings: An increase in the number of mental health-related difficulties in adolescents has already been reported in previous health crises. Accordingly, the perceived well-being of teenagers declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents with mental disorders were significantly more affected by the lockdown than those in the general population. Summary: The effect of the COVID-19 crisis on the mental health of adolescents has been heterogeneous. The first pandemic wave was essentially associated with an increase of internalizing symptoms in adolescents, particularly anxiety, depression and eating disorders. The impact on externalizing symptoms was less clear, and seem to concern mostly adolescents with pre-existing behavioral disorders. During the second and later waves of the pandemic, an upsurge of suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents have been reported in many countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although alcorexia has not yet been formally classified as a disease entity, it is a serious, complex health problem. Alcorexia belongs to behavioral eating disorders and consists in restricting the amount of food intake in order to increase the ability of drinking alcohol without fear of gaining weight. As far as so called traditional eating disorders are usually motivated by a latent desire to be lean and control your body, alcorexia appears to be motivated by the desire to drink large amounts of alcohol along with the desire to be slim. As the disorder is progressing, the situation may change, both in the direction of anorexia as well as addiction to alcohol. For the purposes of this article, I use the term "alcorexia," but it should be added that the term is used interchangeably with such terms as drunkorexia, alcoholic anorexia, or alcoholic bulimia.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects multiple aspects of an individual's life. It is characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. As it is linked to various comorbidities, individuals and families often find it difficult to cope with it. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are vital. Aim: This study examined the ADHD awareness and knowledge of medical students and interns at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Method: For this cross-sectional study, the convenience sample consisted of male and female, fourth- to fifth-year medical students and interns. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed, and the results were tested against a significance threshold of 0.05. Results: The majority of students demonstrated good awareness (83.9%) and fair levels of knowledge (48.2%) of ADHD. Age, academic year, and noncompletion of pediatric and psychiatric classes were associated with poor awareness. Odds ratios (ORs) for poor awareness were lower for the older (>23 years) and fifth-year students as compared with the younger and fourth-year students. Students who had not completed pediatric and psychiatric rotations demonstrated poor awareness. Conclusion: Medical students had a good awareness of ADHD; however, they had insufficient knowledge. As such, their knowledge must be improved, which can be achieved through the promotion of continuous education of students and primary health care physicians. The inclusion of the topic of ADHD in pediatric and psychiatric courses is necessary for advancing the knowledge of medical students on ADHD.

Caring for people with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders is a complex process, that of a chronic illness. Psychological and behavioral symptoms associated to dementia can appear in all neuro-degenerative diseases to varying degrees, and depend on numerous factors that need to be understood in order to take appropriate action. We propose a systemic approach to psychological and behavioral symptoms, with a view to preventing their onset or reducing their severity., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Aims: We evaluated the efficacy of standard urotherapy and combination therapies in treatment of bladder dysfunction in children with treated behavioral disorders. Methods: Prospective study of children (6‐16 years) with bladder dysfunction and behavioral disorders was conducted between March 2018‐2020. Eligible children were initially offered standard urotherapy and those with no response at 3 months were offered combination therapies. Symptomatic response, changes in Akbal score and PinQ score were reported at 6 months and outcomes were correlated to behavioral diagnoses and medications. Results: Thirty‐nine consecutive children (male = 27, mean age [SD] 10.3 [±2.0] years) were recruited, of whom 29 completed the study (five lost to follow‐up, three non‐compliant to treatment, two excluded). Thirty‐four (87%) children had attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (n = 11) and non‐monosymptomatic enuresis (n = 17) were the commonest diagnoses. Following 3‐month review, 14 (38%) children continued to receive standard urotherapy, while 15 (41%) children were transitioned to combination therapy. At 6‐month review, complete/partial response was seen in 62% (23/37) and no response in 16% (6/37); with 32% (12/37) responding to standard urotherapy alone. Akbal symptom scores (15.9‐11.5; P < 0.01) and PinQ scores (26.0‐19.5; P = 0.008) improved significantly at 6‐month follow‐up. Type of underlying behavioral disorder(s) or medications for behavioral disorder did not influence the outcomes. Conclusion: This study confirms that children with underlying behavioral disorders are able to have a good response to the appropriate therapy for their bladder dysfunction with a third of children responding to standard urotherapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The problem of students' gaming addiction has been related to the individual student's characteristics and the influence of family environment. Researchers aimed to investigate if and how internet gaming disorder (IGD) of the elementary school boys and girls is related to behavioral disorder and their mother's parenting style in Iran. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study, involving 657 fifth and sixth-grade elementary school students in 2019. Researchers used a multistage stratified random sampling of students, their parents and their teachers. Data were collected using internet gaming disorder questionnaire (IGD 20), Rutter teacher behavioral disorder questionnaire and Baumrind Parenting Styles questionnaire (PSI). Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version16 for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: Findings showed that IGD prevalence was 5.9% among primary school students with significant relationship between IGD and behavioral disorder among all participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.04); although it was insignificant among boys (r = 0.13, p = 0.11). Also the relationship between IGD and mother's parenting style was significant in the total sample (r = 0.12, p = 0.03), in particular for girls and their mothers (r = 0.2, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the importance of family and parental involvement in prevention and management of IGD chiefly among girls. Healthcare professionals will benefit from knowing the problematic consequences of online gaming among school-age children and try to promote safe and healthy online behavior supported by a supervised family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically review the available literature on the pharmacological management of agitation and/or aggression in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), synthesize the available data, and provide guidelines. Design: Systematic review of systematic reviews. Main Measures: A literature review of the following websites was performed looking for systematic reviews on the treatment of agitation and/or aggression among patients with TBI: PubMed, CINAHL, DynaMed, Health Business Elite, and EBSCO (Psychology and behavioral sciences collection). Two researchers independently assessed articles for meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted on year of publication, reviewed databases, dates of coverage, search limitations, pharmacological agents of interest, and a list of all controlled studies included. The included controlled studies were then examined to determine potential reasons for any difference in recommendations. Results: The literature review led to 187 citations and 67 unique publications after removing the duplicates. Following review of the title/abstracts and full texts, a total of 11 systematic reviews were included. The systematic reviews evaluated the evidence for safety and efficacy of the following medications: amantadine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, antiepileptics, atypical and typical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, β-blockers, and sertraline. Conclusions: On the basis of the results of this literature review, the authors recommend avoiding benzodiazepines and haloperidol for treating agitation and/or aggression in the context of TBI. Atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine in particular) can be considered as practical alternatives for the as-needed management of agitation and/or aggression in lieu of benzodiazepines and haloperidol. Amantadine, β-blockers (propranolol and pindolol), antiepileptics, and methylphenidate can be considered for scheduled treatment of agitation and/or aggression in patients with TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the overview of foreign and Russian behavioral disorder studies (e.g ADHD) in children and teens. Four approaches to the diagnosis and correction of ADHD in children and adolescents are identified: Anglo-Saxon (biomedical), French (socio-psychological), Russian (medical-psychological and neuropsychological), Asian (educational). Prospects on the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of behavioral disorders and their correction (medication, neuropsychological, psychotherapeutic, etc.) indicated.

Background: The aim of this study was the survey of the relationship of parenting practice, creativity and parent’s mental health with intelligence quotient and behavioral disorder of 7-8 years old children in Qaemshahr city. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population consisted of seven and eight years old children in Qaemshahr city in 2017. Three hundred children among them selected with stratified random sampling. Data gathered by Baumrind parenting practices questionnaire, Thurstone and Mellinger creativity questionnaire, Derogatis mental health, Wechsler intelligence scale for children and Rutter children’s behavioral disorder. Data analysis executed by one-way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation with SPSS 22. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between behavioral disorder rate of boys & girls (P

Behavioral disorders are one of the most common psychological issues of childhood and adolescence. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of family-based intervention program on parenting skills of mothers and clinical symptoms of children with behavioral disorder. The study was quasi-experimental research. The population all students with behavioral disorders who were studying the first to six grades in this study, sixthy students and along with their parents were selected as the main sample of the research. The research tools included Baumrind's parental style inventory and clinical symptoms checklist. The intra-family relationships promotion program was held as eight group sessions for parents, an individual family session, two phone- call sessions and an enforcement session. The research findings indicated that the family-based intervention program could improve mothers' authoritative parenting skills and also could reduce clinical symptoms of children and the results were stabled for a three-month follow-up. Therefore, family and child counselors can use this family-based intervention program to increase parenting skills of mothers and reduction clinical symptoms of children with behavioral disorder.

School deviance is a current phenomenon and, unfortunately, of great complexity, a problem that cannot be eradicated and will only disappear through the involvement of the school as a form of institutionalized mass education. School deviance generally designates the set of behaviors that violate school norms and values. School deviance occurs as a result of faulty and timely failure of certain events, to which the society has no positive reaction, but only stigmatization of these mistakes and shouted for help. The purpose of this article is to define the causes of school deviance and identify possible solutions to reduce and even suppress this phenomenon. Through management at the level of education it is attempted to timely suppress the deficiencies with negative effects on the achievement of the educational objectives. Apart from the school's involvement in minimizing these behaviors, a special involvement should be made by the family and public institutions.

Neuropsychiatric disorders are highly prevalent conditions with significant individual, societal, and economic impacts. A major challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is the lack of sensitive, reliable, objective, quantitative tools to inform diagnosis, and measure symptom severity. Currently available assays rely on self-reports and clinician observations, leading to subjective analysis. As a step toward creating quantitative assays of neuropsychiatric symptoms, we propose an immersive environment to track behaviors relevant to neuropsychiatric symptomatology and to systematically study the effect of environmental contexts on certain behaviors. Moreover, the overarching theme leads to connected tele-psychiatry which can provide effective assessment.

Background: From March 2020, the support and care systems for caregivers and people with dementia (PWD) were suspended or dramatically changed due to the lockdown during the world pandemic of COVID-19. Thus, these changes in living conditions have had deleterious consequences on the behavior of PWD and subsequently on their caregivers' mental health, the two being linked.Objective: Our study aimed to examine changes in behavior among PWD and to look for associations between the evolution of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregivers' mental health in the context of COVID-19.Methods: The study was conducted among caregivers of PWD living at home in France. Caregivers were interviewed via an anonymous cross-sectional online survey during the first lockdown between April 15 and June 15, 2020.Results: Three hundred and eighty-nine caregivers accompanying a relative living at home participated in the study; 43.3%of the PWD presented a worsening of BPSD during the lockdown. With multivariate logistic regressions, a significant association was observed between "more BPSD" and burden, anxiety and depression, between "BPSD equivalent" and anxiety and depression, and between "emerging BPSD" and only depression.Conclusion: The lockdown seems to have an impact on behavioral disorders in PWD and these disorders are associated with poorer mental health of caregivers. Our findings suggest attention should be given to caregivers of PWD who have BPSD before lockdown and the need for continued consultations and professional help in case of new lockdowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tail-biting (TB) in pigs is a serious behavioral disorder. It is an important challenge in swine production as it impacts animal welfare and health and the economics and safety of the pork meat supply chain. To prevent TB, approaches including enrichment material and tail docking are proposed but none are optimal. Nutrition appears to be an important factor in TB behavior, perhaps by modulating the intestinal microbiota (IM). Our aim was to assess the association between TB behavior and IM in pigs through comparisons of IM in groups of biter, bitten and non-biter/non-bitten pigs. Each group composed of 12 pigs was formed at the beginning of the growing/finishing phase based on a target behavior analysis centered on TB behavior for the biter group and a score of damages caused to the tail for the bitten group. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each pig during a TB episode, at time 0, t0, and when the TB episode was considered finished, 4 weeks later, at time 1, t1. Serum cortisol level was determined by ELISA and used as an indicator of stress. The pig's fecal microbiota was analyzed from DNA extracted from freshly collected fecal matter using amplicon sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in either the biter or bitten pig groups compared to the negative control group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). The microbiota alpha-diversity was not significantly different between all groups, biter, bitten and negative control. Analyses of beta-diversity, however, revealed a significant difference between either the biter or the bitten group in comparison to the non-biter/non-bitten negative control group in terms of structure and composition of the microbiota. Lactobacillus were significantly more abundant in the negative control group compared to the two other groups (p = 0.001). No significant difference was revealed between the biter and bitten groups. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) confirmed that lactobacilli were more abundant in the negative control group. Our study indicates that TB behavior is associated with the IM composition in pigs.

Behavioral disorder refers to a situation in which a child’s behavior does not correspond with his/her emotional and psychological age, and it has always been associated with biological and personality factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of brain/behavioral systems and morningness-eveningness types in predicting behavioral disorders in elementary school students. This was a correlational study, and the sample consisted of 160 elementary school students in fourth, fifth, and sixth grades, which were selected by cluster sampling. To collect data, Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems Scale (BIS/BAS) of Carver and White, Horne & Östberg's Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire , and the Rutter Parental Questionnaire were used, and the collected data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed that behavioral disorders have a negative correlation with sensitivity to reward (r= -0/45, p

Abstract Bakground Patients with behavioral disorders following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) often have disorders of consciousness that make expressing their emotional distress difficult. However, no standard method for assessing the unsettled and unforeseen responses that are associated with behavioral disorders has yet to be established. Because the thalamus is known to play a role in maintaining consciousness and cognition, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) to examine the association between brain glucose metabolism in the thalamus and behavioral disorders. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 70 consecutive patients with sTBI who had been involved in motor vehicle accidents. To assess behavioral disorders, we evaluated 18 symptoms using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): Emotional Withdrawal, Conceptual Disorganization, Tension, Mannerisms and Posturing, Motor Retardation, Uncooperativeness, Blunted Affect, Excitement, Somatic Concern, Anxiety, Feeling of Guilt, Grandiosity, Depressive Mood, Hostility, Suspiciousness, Hallucinatory Behavior, Unusual Thought Content, and Disorientation. First, we identified clinical characteristics of sTBI patients with behavioral disorders. Next, we retrospectively analyzed 18F-FDG-PET/CT data to assess how thalamic activity was related with abnormal behaviors. Results Twenty-six patients possessed the minimum communicatory ability required for psychiatric interview. Among them, 15 patients (57.7%) were diagnosed with behavioral disorder, 14 of whom had reached a stable psychiatric state after about 426.6 days of treatment. Excitement (13 patients) and uncooperativeness (10 patients) were the most frequently observed symptoms. Available 18F-FDG-PET/CT data indicated that thalamic glucose metabolism was imbalanced and lateralized (p = 0.04) in 6 patients who exhibited uncooperativeness. Conclusions Behavioral symptoms of excitement and uncooperativeness were common in patients with sTBI, although most symptoms improved as the chronic stage continued. Our data support the idea that imbalanced laterality of glucose metabolism in the thalamus might be related to behavioral disorders characterized by uncooperativeness. Trial registration UMIN 000029531. Registered 27 March 2017, retrospectively registered.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a relatively new imaging modality in the functional neuroimaging research arena. The fNIRS modality non-invasively investigates the change of blood oxygenation level in the human brain utilizing the transillumination technique. In the last two decades, the interest in this modality is gradually evolving for its real-time monitoring, relatively low-cost, radiation-less environment, portability, patient-friendliness, etc. Including brain-computer interface and functional neuroimaging research, this technique has some important application of clinical perspectives such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, dyslexia, Parkinson's disease, childhood disorders, post-neurosurgery dysfunction, attention, functional connectivity, and many more can be diagnosed as well as in some form of assistive modality in clinical approaches. Regarding the issue, this review article presents the current scopes of fNIRS in medical assistance, clinical decision making, and future perspectives. This article also covers a short history of fNIRS, fundamental theories, and significant outcomes reported by a number of scholarly articles. Since this review article is hopefully the first one that comprehensively explores the potential scopes of the fNIRS in a clinical perspective, we hope it will be helpful for the researchers, physicians, practitioners, current students of the functional neuroimaging field, and the related personnel for their further studies and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although alcorexia has not yet been formally classified as a disease entity, it is a serious, complex health problem. Alcorexia belongs to behavioral eating disorders and consists in restricting the amount of food intake in order to increase the ability of drinking alcohol without fear of gaining weight. As far as so called traditional eating disorders are usually motivated by a latent desire to be lean and control your body, alcorexia appears to be motivated by the desire to drink large amounts of alcohol along with the desire to be slim. As the disorder is progressing, the situation may change, both in the direction of anorexia as well as addiction to alcohol. For the purposes of this article, I use the term "alcorexia," but it should be added that the term is used interchangeably with such terms as drunkorexia, alcoholic anorexia, or alcoholic bulimia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome (FHS) is a clinical condition, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and changes in behavior. It is a rare syndrome, often of unknown origin, and the most common associated causes are skin related disorders, such as bacterial, fungal dermatitis, allergics and immune-mediated diseases. Causes related to the central nervous system and behavioral disorders are also reported. The clinical signs are varied, the diagnosis is often complex and the treatment varies according to the underlying cause. The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of FHS of possible dermatological etiology. A three-year-old Siamese male feline was treated for feline lower urinary tract disease throughout the duration of nine days. Associated, the animal also presented erythematous areas and hypotrichosis all over the face, especially around the eyes, nose and auricular pavilions, along with painful hypersensitivity to the touch and skin fasciculations in the lumbar and coccygeal region and pelvic limbs. An histopathological exam of the skin lesions was performed, where a chronic, superficial perivascular dermatitis was seen to be proliferative. Based on physical examination findings and additional tests, the animal was diagnosed with feline hyperesthesia syndrome secondary to dermatopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Asthma is a chronic and common medical illness in childhood. Chronic illnesses can be associated with mood disorders, anxiety, and behavioral disorders, as well as adversely affecting the clinical course of the underlying disease. The purpose of this study was to compare behavioral disorders in children with and without asthma referred to Masoumeh Hospital in Qom, Iran. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 67 asthmatic children as case group and 67 healthy children as control group were enrolled. The demographic and clinical information checklist and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were completed. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test using SPSS 18 software. Results: The mean score of CBCL questionnaire in case group with 28.12 2 2.06 was significantly higher than control group with 17.33 9 9.7 (P=0.01). Mean scores of social isolation subscales in case group was 5.83 vs 1.18 in control group, P=0.006). While anxietydepression; intellectual problems and aggressive behaviors were 4.99 vs 2, P= 0.02; 4.8 vs 2.3, P=0.003 and 5.5 vs 2.3, P= 0.003 were significantly higher in children with asthma than healthy children respectively. Conclusion: Behavioral disorders in children with asthma were significantly more than healthy children. The duration and the severity of asthma can predict behavioral disorders in children with asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric symptoms are common manifestations in many inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), ranging from attention deficit, anxiety and mood and behavioral disorders to psychosis. Furthermore, IEMs represent a significant percentage of all autism cases. We reviewed and updated the list of metabolic disorders known to be associated with various psychiatric manifestations and found more than 100 relevant IEMs. This represents the third of a series of articles attempting to create and maintain a comprehensive list of clinical and metabolic differential diagnoses according to organ system involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The adoption of research-supported treatments is contingent upon multiple interactional levels, including provider level factors. Provider-level factors have been shown to be critical to uptake. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors, attitudes, and perceived barriers/facilitators to implementation through a comparative approach involving practitioners trained to facilitate a multiple family group intervention for children with disruptive behavior. Methods: Participants included 91 practitioners who participated in an intervention study regarding barriers to adopting an evidence-based practice. Demographic characteristics were collected via a socio-demographic questionnaire. Barriers and facilitators were assessed via open-ended questions as well as a scale, developed by the authors and guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research that explored provider views regarding the intervention, the systemic and organizational context, experience facilitating groups and involving families in treatment, and feelings toward involving families in treatment. Between group analyses were conducted to examine demographic and characteristic differences of providers by implementation status. Independent samples t-tests for continuous characteristics and chi-square tests for categorical characteristics were used. Responses to open-ended questions were compiled, reviewed, and coded, and frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Results demonstrated that providers who implemented the intervention were significantly more likely to have favorable attitudes toward the intervention compared to those who did not implement it. Prior experience facilitating groups was significantly associated with implementation. Common barriers to implementation included ineligible caseloads and feeling unqualified to deliver the intervention. Conclusions: Further attention on improving recruitment rates and promoting adequate training and supervision is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavioral pattern of children with special needs depends on their emotional and developmental disability. Any abnormal and incorrect pattern of behavior which is below the level of development as the expected norm can be considered as "the challenging behavior." For supporting children with behavioral problems, many interventions and strategies alone, or in combination, are used. Behavioral and developmental problems, if not treated well, in childhood, may cause a problem and have negative long-term and short-term effects on a child's personal life, education, family, and professional life. Detailed knowledge about the child's behavior is important to define the problem. Hence, the software contains the questionnaire pattern, which is divided into categories like parents, teachers, doctors, and friends. Child behavior checklist is used to define the questionnaire. Images and video analysis are used to detect the current emotion in the child. By analyzing the behavioral pattern and current emotion, the teaching method will be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects multiple aspects of an individual's life. It is characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. As it is linked to various comorbidities, individuals and families often find it difficult to cope with it. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are vital. Aim: This study examined the ADHD awareness and knowledge of medical students and interns at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Method: For this cross-sectional study, the convenience sample consisted of male and female, fourth- to fifth-year medical students and interns. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed, and the results were tested against a significance threshold of 0.05. Results: The majority of students demonstrated good awareness (83.9%) and fair levels of knowledge (48.2%) of ADHD. Age, academic year, and noncompletion of pediatric and psychiatric classes were associated with poor awareness. Odds ratios (ORs) for poor awareness were lower for the older (>23 years) and fifth-year students as compared with the younger and fourth-year students. Students who had not completed pediatric and psychiatric rotations demonstrated poor awareness. Conclusion: Medical students had a good awareness of ADHD; however, they had insufficient knowledge. As such, their knowledge must be improved, which can be achieved through the promotion of continuous education of students and primary health care physicians. The inclusion of the topic of ADHD in pediatric and psychiatric courses is necessary for advancing the knowledge of medical students on ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]