132 results on '"Beck JP"'
Search Results
2. NASA High Speed Research Program/Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft. Report on the second annual meeting
- Author
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Beck JP, Kelder H, and Peper JA
- Subjects
wiskundig model ,supersonic air traffic ,supersoon luchtverkeer ,effekten ,vliegtuig ,stratosfeer ,modelling ,emissie ,congres ,ozone ,aircrafts ,ozon ,emission ,stratosphere ,effects ,symposium - Abstract
niet beschikbaar
- Published
- 2012
3. Fijn stof nader bekeken
- Author
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Buijsman E, Beck JP, van Bree L, Cassee FR, Koelemeijer RBA, Matthijsen J, Thomas R, Wieringa K, LED, and MGO
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decree ,particulate matter ,ec regulations ,luchtkwaliteit ,air pollution ,health ,netherlands ,effecten ,regelgeving ,air quality ,besluit ,nederland ,gezondheid ,ruimtelijke ordening ,besluit luchtkwaliteit ,physical planning ,dust ,effects ,luchtverontreiniging ,eg-regelgeving ,fijn stof ,dochterrichtlijn ,aerosolen ,aerosols - Abstract
Engelse vertaling: rapport 500037011
- Published
- 2012
4. Beoordeling van de Uitvoeringsnotitie Emissieplafonds verzuring en grootschalige luchtverontreiniging 2003
- Author
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Beck JP, Folkert RJM, Smeets WLM (eds), and LED
- Subjects
beleidsuitvoering ,assessment ,air pollution ,nec-richtlijn ,quantity ,richtlijnen ,emissieplafonds ,acidification ,verzuring ,emission ,policy enforcement ,emissies ,guidelines ,luchtverontreiniging ,toetsing ,kwantiteit - Abstract
In de Uitvoeringsnotitie 'Erop of eronder' geeft het kabinet invulling aan het nationale programma dat in het kader van de Europese richtlijn voor emissieplafonds (NEC-richtlijn) opgesteld moest worden. Op verzoek van het kabinet heeft het Milieu- en Natuurplanbureau van het RIVM de Uitvoeringsnotitie getoetst op doelbereiking en kosteneffectiviteit. Als belangrijkste conclusie komt naar voren dat het allerminst zeker is dat Nederland de uitstoot van zwaveldioxide (SO2), stikstofoxiden (NOx) en vluchtige koolwaterstoffen (NMVOS) kan terugbrengen tot onder het niveau van de plafonds. Veel beleidsvoornemens zijn onvoldoende geconcretiseerd en geinstrumenteerd. Het blijft onduidelijk welk aanvullend beleid de overheid de komende jaren wil gaan implementeren om de uitstoot te beperken. De keuze voor het vertalen van nationale plafonds naar sectorale taakstellingen heeft niet geleid tot acceptatie van deze taakstellingen door sectoren. Het geheel is risicovol omdat de resultaten van het beleid onzeker zijn en met het verstrijken van de tijd een deel van de benodigde reducties niet meer voor 2010 gerealiseerd zal kunnen worden. Een ingebrekestelling is daardoor niet uit te sluiten. Voor ammoniak (NH3) lijkt het doel bij uitvoering van het huidig beleid wel haalbaar, hoewel er gegeven de onzekerheidsmarges een kans aanwezig is dat het plafond toch overschreden wordt. Met de voorgenomen bestrijdingsmaatregelen voor NH3 wordt een doelonderschrijding verwacht. De kans op realisatie van het plafond neemt dan toe. De Uitvoeringsnotitie kan in 2006 worden geactualiseerd. In de tussenliggende jaren zal blijken of 'Erop of eronder' voor het halen van de NEC-doelen de juiste koers heeft uitgezet.
- Published
- 2012
5. Effects of short-term abatement measures on peak ozone concentrations during summer smog episodes in the Netherlands
- Author
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Smeets CJPP, Beck JP, and LLO
- Subjects
summer ,zomersmog ,ozone ,short term ,korte termijn ,ozon ,zomer ,measures ,effects ,smog ,effecten ,maatregelen - Abstract
De afgelopen jaren werden de drempelwaarden voor ozon op grondniveau, zoals vastgelegd in de huidige Richtlijn 92/72/EEC, veelvuldig overschreden in alle landen van de Europese Unie. De EU verplicht alle deelnemende landen om een onderzoek te doen naar het ozon reductie potentieel van korte termijn maatregelen tijdens ozonepisoden. In navolging hiervan hebben wij een modelstudie uitgevoerd waarbij vijf reductiescenario's op nationale schaal werden toegepast voor emissies uit 1995 en 2003. De korte termijn maatregelen hebben alleen betrekking op wegverkeer omdat reducties binnen andere sectoren niet effectief blijken en/of leidden tot aanzienlijke economische consequenties. De nationaal gemiddelde ozonmaxima blijken een paar procent te stijgen in zowel 1995 als 2003 als gevolg van korte termijn maatregelen. Het blijkt dat met name in zwaar geindustrialiseerde- en dichtbevolkte gebieden een duidelijke toename plaatsvindt van de ozonpieken (+5% in 2003), terwijl in de minder geindustrialiseerde- en dichtbevolkte gebieden de waarden varieren tussen -1% en +1%. Onze modelstudie geeft aan dat de 10% minimum effectiviteit voor het reduceren van ozonpieken, waarnaar wordt gestreefd in het Ozone Position Paper, niet wordt gehaald met korte termijn maatregelen in Nederland. Het blijkt dat permanente en grootschalige maatregelen in de nabije toekomst de enige manier is om substantiele verlaging van ozonpieken te bereiken.
- Published
- 2012
6. The impact of aircraft exhaust emissions on the atmosphere ; scenario studies with a three dimensional global model
- Author
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Veenstra DL, Beck JP, The THP, Olivier JGJ, LLO, and LAE
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broeikaseffect ,vliegverkeer ,emissies ,vliegcorridor ,ozonlaag ,verzuring ,scenario - Abstract
In dit rapport worden de resultaten beschreven van een studie naar de effecten van vliegtuigemissies op de atmosfeer, met name de veranderingen in de hoge troposfeer. Deze studie is uitgevoerd in het kader van het project "Luchtverontreiniging en Luchtvaart" (LuLu). Het LuLu onderzoeks-programma is opgezet ten behoeve van de wetenschappelijke ondersteuning van de Parlementaire Nota LuLu. Hoofdvragen in deze studie waren: (1) Hoe groot is de toename van de stikstofoxide (NOx) concentraties ten gevolge van vliegtuigemissies op kruishoogte? (2) Wat zijn daarvan de effecten op de concentraties van ozon (O3) en verwante stoffen in de troposfeer? (3) Welke rol spelen processen in vliegcorridors? (4) Wat zijn de effecten van de emissies van toekomstig vliegverkeer? (5) Welke zijn de gevolgen van veranderingen veroorzaakt door vliegverkeer in relatie tot de NMP milieuthema's: het broeikaseffect, aantasting van de ozonlaag, zure depositie en ozontoename op leefniveau? De veranderingen in de concentraties van stikstofoxiden (NOx), salpeterzuur (HNO3), ozon (O3) en het hydroxyl radicaal (OH) veroorzaakt door vliegverkeer zijn berekend met behulp van het mondiale drie-dimensionale chemisch-transport model MOGUNTIA. De berekende relatieve toenames in de achtergrondconcentraties op kruisvluchthoogte (9-12 km) tussen 30-60 graden N, veroorzaakt door huidige vliegtuigemissies, is achtereenvolgens voor NOx: 20-70%, HNO3: 10-20%, O3: 1-4,5% en OH: 5-15%. Deze resultaten zijn consistent met andere studies. In de huidige modelstudies naar effecten van vliegtuigemissies wordt instantane grootschalige menging van de emissies verondersteld waarbij de kleinschalige processen in de uitlaatpluim en de vliegcorridors verwaarloosd worden. Deze processen zijn verdisconteerd in de emissievelden in de voorliggende studie met behulp van een eenvoudige parameterisatie van de zogenaamde sub-grid chemie, ontwikkeld met een vliegtuig-uitlaat-pluimmodel. Hierbij is uitgegaan van een gaussische pluimgroei. In de 'nieuwe' emissievelden zijn de NOx emissies gedifferentieerd in NOx (30%) en NOy (70%) verbindingen (HNO3, HO2NO2 and N2O5). De berekende relatieve bijdrage van vliegverkeer in de veranderingen in de concentraties van NOx, O3 en OH zijn dan ook kleiner (10-60%), daar in deze scenario's een deel van de NOx emissies omgezet is in een niet O3 producerende vorm. De effecten van toekomstig vliegverkeer zijn berekend voor de jaren 2003 en 2015 met behulp van drie verschillende CPB scenario's: European Renaissance, Global Shift and Balanced Growth. Deze scenario's onderscheiden zich van elkaar in hun verschillende regionale economische groei. De berekende relatieve toename op kruisvluchthoogte ten opzichte van 1990 tussen 30-60 graden N zijn 50-370% voor NOx en 1,5-11% voor O3. De grootte van de effecten ten gevolge van vliegverkeer zal relatief toenemen ten opzichte van de overige antropogene bronnen. De effecten van vliegverkeeremissies zijn gekwantificeerd in relatie tot de NMP milieuthema's: het broeikaseffect, aantasting van de ozonlaag, zure depositie en ozontoename op leefniveau. De onnauwkeurigheden zijn nog erg groot door de vele onzekerheden in de effecten van de verschillende geemitteerde stoffen. Het huidige en toekomstige subsone vliegverkeer draagt voor ongeveer 1-3% bij aan de stralingsforcering sinds de industriele revolutie. De effecten van vliegverkeer op de andere NMP milieuthema's zijn klein. Wel groeit het vliegverkeer sneller dan elke andere vervoerssector. Haar relatieve belang neemt dan ook toe. De bijdrage van vliegverkeer aan het broeikaseffect lijkt van de bovengenoemde milieu-effecten de grootste.
- Published
- 2012
7. Scenario Studies on Effects of Methane Emissions Using a 3D Tropospheric Model
- Author
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The THP, Beck JP, and LLO
- Subjects
troposferisch ozon ,oh ,emissies ,oxiderend vermogen ,methaan - Abstract
In dit rapport is het resultaat van een vijftal scenario-runs met elkaar vergeleken. Het referentie-scenario wordt gevormd door het CPB European Renaissance scenario (ER0). Volgens dit scenario nemen de methaanemissies toe tot 639 Tg in 2015 (18% over een periode van 25 jaar), hetgeen leidt tot een toename in de concentraties van 1712 ppbv 2 in 1990 tot 2042 ppbv in 2015. Uitgedrukt in termen van klimaatforcering zien we dat deze stijging ongeveer een kwart bijdraagt aan de totale temperatuursstijging ten gevolge van de totale toename in broeikasgassen in dezelfde periode. Volgens het ER0-scenario is de relatieve groei in methaan-concentraties (19.3%) sterker dan de groei in emissies. Dit is het gevolg van het CH4-OH feedback-mechanisme. De effecten hiervan worden echter enigszins onderdrukt door de (in de scenarios veronderstelde) toename in NOx-emissies die het oxiderend vermogen van de troposfeer (OH) verhogen, zonder welke de toename in methaan-concentraties aanzienlijk meer zou bedragen. Verhoogde NOx concentraties leiden evenwel tot een toename in troposferisch ozon dat geldt als een ander broeikasgas. Een vergelijking tussen een Joint-Implementation scenario en een scenario waarbij de emissies van alle antropogene broncategorieen evenredig worden verminderd, maakt duidelijk dat het gezamenlijk nemen van maatregelen op basis van JI tot de mogelijkheden behoort, temeer daar de mogelijke doelen om een CH4-reductie te kunnen bewerkstelligen zich veelal in de niet-OECD landen bevinden.
- Published
- 2012
8. A general description of atmospheric ozone with the accent on changes in its concentration and possible causes
- Author
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Erisman JW and Beck JP
- Subjects
trend ,ozon ,modiale luchtverontreiniging ,antarctica - Abstract
Op 4-13 augustus 1988 werd het "Quadrennial Ozone Symposium" en de workshop betreffende "Tropospheric Ozone" gehouden te Gottingen, West-Duitsland. In dit rapport is de stand van zaken op het gebied van onderzoek inzake de mondiale ozonproblematiek samengevat naar aanleiding van het bezoek aan het symposium en de workshop. Dit is gedaan aan de hand van een beschrijving van de verdeling van ozon in de atmosfeer, de verandering en mogelijke processen die hiervoor verantwoordelijk zijn.
- Published
- 2012
9. Tropospheric Ozone Research: Monitoring and modelling of photo-oxidants over Europe
- Author
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Beck JP, Roemer MGM, Vosbeek MEJP, Builtjes PJH, RIVM-LLO, TNO-MEP, and KEMA
- Subjects
trends ,model ,meetgegevens ,fotochemicalien ,chemical reactions ,photochemicals ,europa ,modelling ,monitoring ,ozone ,trend ,troposphere ,ozon ,transport processes ,transport ,chemische reacties ,measurements ,europe ,troposfeer - Abstract
Het EUROTRAC-TOR programma is opgezet om chemische- en transportprocessen, die van belang zijn voor het optreden van foto-oxidantia in Europa te bestuderen. Kernvraag is: "welke rol spelen emissies in Europa en welke resultaten kunnen beleidsmatig maximaal behaald worden?". In het kader van TOR is een meetnet van kwalitatief hoogwaardige meetstations opgezet, enkele jaren intensief gemeten en heeft analyse van de metingen plaatsgevonden onder andere met behulp van modellen. Dit rapport geeft de technische en weten-schappelijke documentatie van het Nederlandse TOR station Kollumerwaard. Verder omvat het de documentatie van de TOR database, een evaluatie van de O3, NMVOC, CO, CO2, CH4 en PAN data, zowel van Kollumerwaard als van het internationale TOR netwerk, en een beschrijving van het O3-budget in Europa. Voor het laatste onderdeel zijn ook modellen toegepast.
- Published
- 2012
10. Evaluatie van de Verzuringsdoelstellingen: de emissievarianten
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Beck JP, Bree L van, Esbroek MLP van, Freijer JI, Hinsberg A van, Marra M, Velze K van, Vissenberg HA, Pul WAJ van, LLO, LEO, LBG, and LBM
- Subjects
evaluation ,luchtkwaliteit ,health ,ecosystemen ,air quality ,scenario ,acidification ,emissie ,verzuring ,beleid ,emission ,scenario's ,gezondheid ,evaluatie ,ecosystems ,policy - Abstract
This report supports the evaluation of the Dutch targets for acidification which was announced in the 3th National Environmental Policy Plan (NMP3). The relation between emissions, environmental quality and health risks was studied using a number of emissions variants. The calculations show that the environmental quality in 2010 improves compared to the current situation. Despite this major bottlenecks remain. The deposition target for 2010 from the NMP3 will not be realized. During the next decade the percentage of hectares of ecosystems unprotected for deposition of potential acid and nitrogen is expected to be larger than 75%. Only realization of the NMP3 emission targets, with proportional reductions in other countries, provides achievement of the NMP3 targets for deposition. The long-term ozone target value for the protection of human health and vegetation will not be met in 2010. However, the 2010 limit values will possibly be met. The number of hospital admissions associated with ozone is expected to grow if one includes the increase of the ageing population. The policy on reduction of acidifying compounds will not sufficiently reduce the ambient concentration of particulate matter to comply with the 2010 indicative limit values for PM. Some exceedances of the NO2 annual limit value are calculated for 2010.
- Published
- 2007
11. The Dutch CAFE baseline: In or out of line?
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Jimmink BA, Folkert RJM, Thomas R, Beck JP, Eerdt MM van, Elzenga HE, Hoek KW van der, Hoen A, Peek CJ, LED, KMD, NMD, LVM, RIM, and LDL
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abatement ,rains ,beleid ,assessment ,air pollution ,cafe ,scenario's ,luchtverontreiniging ,toetsing ,policy ,scenario - Abstract
The European Commission is constructing a strategy on air pollution within the Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) programme. This strategy will be based on assessments using the RAINS model for different policy ambitions where the CAFE baseline scenario and control strategies are employed. The Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency verified the data in RAINS and the CAFE baseline. In this verification the CAFE baseline was shown to be unsuitable for determining the Dutch position in negotiations for new European air pollution policy (like the NEC review). The Netherlands will have to introduce a national scenario of its own to bring forward the Dutch expectations on future developments. While the RAINS model would seem appropriate for calculating abatement scenarios, contra-expertise will still be necessary during the CAFE process to assess differences in RAINS on calculated abatement costs and emission levels.
- Published
- 2007
12. Particulate Matter: a closer look
- Author
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Buijsman E, Beck JP, van Bree L, Cassee FR, Koelemeijer RBA, Matthijsen J, Thomas R, Wieringa K, LED, and MGO
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air pollution ,netherlands ,legislation ,effecten ,regelgeving ,besluit ,nederland ,besluit luchtkwaliteit ,effects ,fijn stof ,dochterrichtlijn ,decree ,particulate matter ,ec regulations ,luchtkwaliteit ,health ,air quality decree ,air quality ,gezondheid ,ruimtelijke ordening ,physical planning ,dust ,luchtverontreiniging ,eg-regelgeving ,aerosols ,aerosolen - Abstract
The summary in booklet form 'Fijn stof nader bekeken' (Particulate Matter: a closer look) , published in Dutch by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP) and the Environment and Safety Division of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), has been designed to present the facts on particulate matter in a coherent framework. Current knowledge on particulate matter is conveyed here under the headings: What is known? What is unknown? What are the uncertainties? The background to this publication is the current social and political debate on the consequences of the Netherlands air quality legislation, which, in turn, is based on European legislation. The fact that new spatial developments and infrastructural projects are at risk of not being realized due to the large-scale exceedances of limit values for particulate matter occurring in the Netherlands is leading to serious social effects. Moreover, airborne particulate matter poses serious risks to human health. The particulate matter subject is complicated and accompanied by administrative dilemmas, legally binding limit values, concerns of citizens, scientific uncertainties and spatial-economic consequences. Many questions and current discussions have provided reasons enough to compose this scientific summary on particulate matter. Although this booklet does not present new information, it has succeeded in bringing together all the published information on particulate matter referring to the situation in the Netherlands.
- Published
- 2007
13. Altered pharmacology of native rodent spinal cord TRPV1 after phosphorylation
- Author
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Mogg, AJ, primary, Mill, CEJ, additional, Folly, EA, additional, Beattie, RE, additional, Blanco, MJ, additional, Beck, JP, additional, and Broad, LM, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The effects of the conversion of nitrogen oxides in aircraft exhaust plumes in global models
- Author
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Guus J. M. Velders, Beck Jp, P. F. J. van Velthoven, W.M.F. Wauben, and E. W. Meijer
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business.product_category ,Meteorology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Exhaust gas ,Perturbation (astronomy) ,Nitrogen ,Airplane ,Plume ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geophysics ,chemistry ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Nitrogen oxide ,business ,Parametrization ,NOx - Abstract
A parametrization is needed in global models to account for the sub-grid chemical processes taking place in the plume of an aircraft, since these processes can cause the conversion of a considerable amount of the emitted NOx to reservoir species, such as HNO3. For this purpose, the chem- ical conversions of nitrogen oxides in the plume of an air- craft were investigated with a newly developed model. The calculated fractions of dierent nitrogen compounds formed within 24 hours in the exhaust plumes, dierentiated for the global domain and season, were used to modify the original aircraft NOx emissions from the ANCAT emission inven- tory to emissions of various nitrogen compounds and we ap- plied these to the global Chemistry Transport Model KNMI (CTMK). The results obtained imply that neglect of aircraft plume processes in global modeling leads to an overestima- tion of the NOx and O3 perturbations. Compared with a CTMK calculation with unmodied aircraft NOx emissions, the NOx perturbations in the North Atlantic flight corridor (NAFC) decreased by 15%-55%, due to conversions in the plumes. The resulting O3 perturbation decreased by 15%- 25%.
15. Efficacy of sintered Zinc-doped fluorapatite scaffold as an antimicrobial regenerative bone filler for dental applications.
- Author
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Steyl SK, Jeyapalina S, Griffin A, Krishnamoorthi V, Beck JP, Agarwal J, and Shea J
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- Animals, Rats, Bone Substitutes pharmacology, Osteopontin, Stem Cells drug effects, Mandible surgery, Mandible diagnostic imaging, X-Ray Microtomography, Osteocalcin, Adipose Tissue cytology, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Male, Cells, Cultured, Bone Transplantation methods, Autografts, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Apatites chemistry, Apatites pharmacology, Bone Regeneration drug effects, Tissue Scaffolds chemistry, Zinc, Osteogenesis drug effects, Cell Differentiation drug effects
- Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess whether zinc-doped fluorapatite (ZnFA) could serve as an effective antimicrobial dental bone filler for bone regeneration compared to autografts., Methods: FA and 2 % zinc-doped FA (2ZnFA) were synthesized and characterized in-house. Compressed and sintered FA and 2ZnFA disks were incubated with bacteria to assess antimicrobial properties. Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured on these discs to evaluate the surfaces' ability to support cell growth and promote osteogenic differentiation. Surfaces exhibiting the highest expressions of the bone markers osteopontin and osteocalcin were selected for an in vivo study in a rat mandibular defect model. Twenty rats were divided into 5 groups, equally, and a 5 mm surgical defect of the jaw was left untreated or filled with 2ZnFA, FA, autograft, or demineralized bone matrix (DBM). At 12 weeks, the defects and surrounding tissues were harvested and subjected to microCT and histological evaluations., Results: Standard techniques such as FTIR, ICP-MS, fluoride probe, and XRD revealed the sintered FA and ZnFA's chemical compositions and structures. Bacterial studies revealed no significant differences in surface bacterial adhesion properties between FA and 2ZnFA, but significantly fewer bacterial loads than control titanium discs (p < 0.05). Cell culture data confirmed that both surfaces could support cell growth and promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. MicroCT analysis confirmed statistical similarities in bone regeneration within FA, 2ZnFA, and autograft groups., Conclusion: The data suggests that both FA and 2ZnFA could serve as alternatives to autograft materials, which are the current gold standard. Moreover, these bone fillers outperformed DBM, an allograft material commonly used as a dental bone void filler., Clinical Significance: The use of FA or 2ZnFA for treating mandibular defects led to bone regeneration statistically similar to autograft repair and significantly outperformed the widely used dental bone filler, DBM. Additional translational research may confirm FA-based materials as superior substitutes for existing synthetic bone fillers, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Association between blood markers and the progression of osseointegration in percutaneous prostheses patients-A pilot study.
- Author
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Miller A, Jeyapalina S, Agarwal JP, and Beck JP
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- Humans, Osseointegration, Pilot Projects, Biomarkers, Alkaline Phosphatase, Artificial Limbs, Bone Resorption
- Abstract
Patients implanted with osseointegrated (OI) prosthetic systems have reported vastly improved upper and lower extremity prosthetic function compared with their previous experience with socket-suspension systems. However, OI systems have been associated with superficial and deep-bone infections and implant loosening due, in part, to a failure of the osseointegration process. Although monitoring the osseointegration using circulating biomarkers has clinical relevance for understanding the progression of osseointegration with these devices, it has yet to be established. Ten patients were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected at pre-selected times, starting before implantation surgery, and continuing to 12 months after the second surgery. Bone formation markers, bone resorption markers, and circulating amino acids were measured from blood samples. A linear mixed model was generated for each marker, incorporating patient ID and age with the normalized marker value as the response variable. Post hoc comparisons were made between 1 week before Stage 1 Surgery and all subsequent time points for each marker, followed by multiple testing corrections. Serial radiographic imaging of the residual limb containing the implant was obtained during follow-up, and the cortical index (CI) was calculated for the bone at the porous region of the device. Two markers of bone formation, specifically bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (Bone-ALP) and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), exhibited significant increases when compared with the baseline levels of unloaded residual bone prior to the initial surgery, and they subsequently returned to their baseline levels by the 12-month mark. Patients who experienced clinically robust osseointegration experienced increased cortical bone thickness at the porous coated region of the device. A medium correlation was observed between Bone-ALP and the porous CI values up to PoS2-M1 (p = .056), while no correlation was observed for PINP. An increase in bone formation markers and the lack of change observed in bone resorption markers likely reflect increased cortical bone formation induced by the end-loading design of the Utah OI device used in this study. A more extensive study is required to validate the correlation observed between Bone-ALP and porous CI values., (Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Sintered fluorapatite scaffolds as an autograft-like engineered bone graft.
- Author
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Nielson C, Agarwal J, Beck JP, Shea J, and Jeyapalina S
- Subjects
- Rats, Animals, Autografts, Rats, Inbred Lew, Bone Regeneration, Osteogenesis, Tissue Scaffolds, Apatites pharmacology, Durapatite pharmacology
- Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based materials are widely used as bone substitutes due to their inherent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and bio-absorption properties. However, HA scaffolds lack compressive strength when compared to autograft bone. It has been shown that the fluoridated form of HA, fluorapatite (FA), can be sintered to obtain this desired strength as well as slower degradation properties. Also, FA surfaces have been previously shown to promote stem cell differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage. Thus, it was hypothesized that FA, with and without stromal vascular fraction (SVF), would guide bone healing to an equal or better extent than the clinical gold standard. The regenerative potentials of these scaffolds were tested in 32 Lewis rats in a femoral condylar defect model with untreated (negative), isograft (positive), and commercial HA as controls. Animals were survived for 12 weeks post-implantation. A semi-quantitative micro-CT analysis was developed to quantify the percent new bone formation within the defects. Our model showed significantly higher (p < .05) new bone depositions in all apatite groups compared to the autograft group. Overall, the FA group had the most significant new bone deposition, while the differences between HA, FA, and FA + SVF were insignificant (p > .05). Histological observations supported the micro-CT findings and highlighted the presence of healthy bone tissues without interposing capsules or intense immune responses for FA groups. Most importantly, the regenerating bone tissue within the FA + SVF scaffolds resembled the architecture of the surrounding trabecular bone, showing intertrabecular spaces, while the FA group presented a denser cortical bone-like architecture. Also, a lower density of cells was observed near FA granules compared to HA surfaces, suggesting a reduced immune response. This first in vivo rat study supported the tested hypothesis, illustrating the utility of FA as a bone scaffold material., (Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Mutual Cooperativity of Three Allosteric Sites on the Dopamine D1 Receptor.
- Author
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Wang X, Hembre EJ, Goldsmith PJ, Beck JP, Svensson KA, Willard FS, and Bruns RF
- Subjects
- Humans, Allosteric Site physiology, Allosteric Regulation physiology, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Dopamine metabolism, Receptors, Dopamine D1 metabolism
- Abstract
An amine-containing molecule called Compound A has been reported by a group from Bristol-Myers Squibb to act as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) at the dopamine D1 receptor. We synthesized the more active enantiomer of Compound A (BMS-A1) and compared it with the D1 PAMs DETQ and MLS6585, which are known to bind to intracellular loop 2 and the extracellular portion of transmembrane helix 7, respectively. Results from D1/D5 chimeras indicated that PAM activity of BMS-A1 tracked with the presence of D1 sequence in the N-terminal/extracellular region of the D1 receptor, a unique location compared with either of the other PAMs. In pairwise combinations, BMS-A1 potentiated the small allo-agonist activity of each of the other PAMs, while the triple PAM combination (in the absence of dopamine) produced a cAMP response about 64% of the maximum produced by dopamine. Each of the pairwise PAM combinations produced a much larger leftward shift of the dopamine EC
50 than either single PAM alone. All three PAMs in combination produced a 1000-fold leftward shift of the dopamine curve. These results demonstrate the presence of three non-overlapping allosteric sites that cooperatively stabilize the same activated state of the human D1 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Deficiencies in dopamine D1 receptor activation are seen in Parkinson disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, three positive allosteric modulators of the dopamine D1 receptor were found to bind to distinct and separate sites, interacting synergistically with each other and dopamine, with the triple combination causing a 1000-fold leftward shift of the response to dopamine. These results showcase multiple opportunities to modulate D1 tone and highlight new pharmacological approaches for allosteric modulation of G-protein-coupled receptors., (Copyright © 2023 by The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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19. Phage and Antibiotic Combinations Reduce Staphylococcus aureus in Static and Dynamic Biofilms Grown on an Implant Material.
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Joo H, Wu SM, Soni I, Wang-Crocker C, Matern T, Beck JP, and Loc-Carrillo C
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- Humans, Staphylococcus aureus, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Staphylococcus Phages, Biofilms, Vancomycin pharmacology, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy
- Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes the majority of implant-related infections. These infections present as biofilms, in which bacteria adhere to the surface of foreign materials and form robust communities that are resilient to the human immune system and antibiotic drugs. The heavy use of broad-spectrum antibiotics against these pathogens disturbs the host's microbiome and contributes to the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant infections. The use of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents is a potential alternative therapy. In this study, bioluminescent strains of S. aureus were grown to form 48-h biofilms on polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a material used to manufacture orthopaedic implants, in either static or dynamic growth conditions. Biofilms were treated with vancomycin, staphylococcal phage, or a combination of the two. We showed that vancomycin and staph phages were able to independently reduce the total bacterial load. Most phage-antibiotic combinations produced greater log reductions in surviving bacteria compared to single-agent treatments, suggesting antimicrobial synergism. In addition to demonstrating the efficacy of combining vancomycin and staph phage, our results demonstrate the importance of growth conditions in phage-antibiotic combination studies. Dynamic biofilms were found to have a substantial impact on apparent treatment efficacy, as they were more resilient to combination treatments than static biofilms.
- Published
- 2023
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20. Ensemble Docking Approach to Mitigate Pregnane X Receptor-Mediated CYP3A4 Induction Risk.
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Chen Q, Zhou X, Rehmel J, Steele JP, Svensson KA, Beck JP, Hembre EJ, and Hao J
- Subjects
- Pregnane X Receptor metabolism, Enzyme Induction, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A metabolism, Receptors, Steroid chemistry, Receptors, Steroid genetics, Receptors, Steroid metabolism
- Abstract
Three structurally closely related dopamine D1 receptor positive allosteric modulators (D1 PAMs) based on a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) scaffold were profiled for their CYP3A4 induction potentials. It was found that the length of the linker at the C5 position greatly affected the potentials of these D1 PAMs as CYP3A4 inducers, and the level of induction correlated well with the activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Based on the published PXR X-ray crystal structures, we built a binding model specifically for these THIQ-scaffold-based D1 PAMs in the PXR ligand-binding pocket via an ensemble docking approach and found the model could explain the observed CYP induction disparity. Combined with our previously reported D1 receptor homology model, which identified the C5 position as pointing toward the solvent-exposed space, our PXR-binding model coincidentally suggested that structural modifications at the C5 position could productively modulate the CYP induction potential while maintaining the D1 PAM potency of these THIQ-based PAMs.
- Published
- 2023
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21. The First FDA Approved Early Feasibility Study of a Novel Percutaneous Bone Anchored Prosthesis for Transfemoral Amputees: A Prospective 1-year Follow-up Cohort Study.
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Sinclair S, Beck JP, Webster J, Agarwal J, Gillespie B, Stevens P, Gililland J, and Kubiak E
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Infant, Follow-Up Studies, Prospective Studies, Feasibility Studies, Osseointegration, Amputation, Surgical rehabilitation, Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects, Prosthesis Implantation methods, Prosthesis Design, Amputees rehabilitation, Bone-Anchored Prosthesis adverse effects, Artificial Limbs adverse effects
- Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel press-fit bone-anchored prosthesis in an FDA approved study., Design: Single-center, prospective 1-year follow-up cohort study of a percutaneous bone anchored prosthesis., Setting: Veterans Health Administration Hospital., Participants: Ten male Veterans with unilateral transfemoral amputation that occurred at least 6 months prior to enrollment and was not the result of dysvascular disease (N=10)., Interventions: All participants received the novel press-fit Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis (POP) and a minimum of 10 days supervised rehabilitation therapy., Outcome Measures: Adverse events and radiographs were collected to assess device safety. Temporal assessments of bone density, stomal skin, prosthetic don/doff, functional ambulation, and patient-reported outcome compared our POP to a socket suspension system., Results: Ten male participants mean age 48.8±12.1 years (range, 32-68 y) with mean time since amputation of 9.4± years (range 1-18 y) completed a two-staged implantation protocol and progressed to ambulation with an assistive device by post-operative day 14. Eight of 10 completed all study procedures. One implant loosened at 5 weeks, requiring removal. A second was removed after periprosthetic fracture from a non-device-related fall at 28 weeks. One patient required oral antibiotics for superficial infection. There were significant (P<.05) increases in bone density in the lumbar spine and adjacent to the distal porous coating with no radiographic evidence of bone resorption. Compared to the socket system, the use of POP significantly (P<.05) reduced prosthetic don and doff times and patient-reported prosthetic problem scores. Significant improvements (P<.05) in mean mobility, global health, and walking test scores were also observed., Conclusions: Improvements in bone density, function, and patient reported outcomes were observed with the POP device when compared to a socket suspension system. This Early Feasibility Study established initial safety and effectiveness of the POP device, supporting expanded investigation as an alternative to socket prostheses., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2022
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22. Impact of a Musculoskeletal "Mini-Residency" Professional Development Program on Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging Orders by Primary Care Providers.
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Mulcaire-Jones E, Barker AM, Beck JP, Lawrence P, Cannon GW, and Battistone MJ
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- Humans, Knee Joint diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Primary Health Care, Internship and Residency, Musculoskeletal Diseases
- Abstract
Background: The US Department of Veterans Affairs has created a portfolio of educational programs to train primary care providers (PCPs) in the evaluation and management of common musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Appropriate resource utilization for evaluation of knee pain, including limiting unnecessary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, is an important theme of these initiatives. The objective of this study was to report the utilization of knee MRI by PCP providers before and after the MSK education program and to determine the appropriateness of these MRI orders., Methods: Twenty-six PCPs participated in the MSK Mini-Residency educational program held in Salt Lake City between April 2012 and October 2014. Knee MRI orders submitted by these providers 12 months before and 12 months after their participation were reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging orders were categorized as "inappropriate," "probably inappropriate," or "possibly appropriate," based on accepted guidelines for knee MRI utilization. Differences in the numbers of precourse and postcourse MRI orders for each of these categories were compared using Student t test., Results: Following our program, MRI orders decreased from 130 (precourse) to 93 (postcourse), a reduction of 28% ( p = 0.04). This reduction was observed entirely within the "inappropriate" and "probably inappropriate" categories; the number of orders categorized as "possibly appropriate" increased, but not significantly., Conclusions: The MSK Mini-Residency training program was a successful educational intervention and was associated with a reduction in inappropriate knee MRI utilization for some participants, while keeping appropriate MRI utilization stable., (Copyright © 2022 Written work prepared by employees of the Federal Government as part of their official duties is, under the U.S. Copyright Act, a “work of the United States Government” for which copyright protection under Title 17 of the United States Code is not available. As such, copyright does not extend to the contributions of employees of the Federal Government.)
- Published
- 2022
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23. A preliminary, observational study using whole-blood RNA sequencing reveals differential expression of inflammatory and bone markers post-implantation of percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses.
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Miller A, Jeyapalina S, Agarwal J, Mansel M, and Beck JP
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- Amputation, Surgical, Humans, Inflammation genetics, Interleukin-33, Longitudinal Studies, Osseointegration genetics, Pain, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Artificial Limbs
- Abstract
Aims: While the benefits of direct skeletal attachment of artificial limbs are well recognized, device failure due to infection and insufficient osseointegration remain obstacles to obtaining consistently successful outcomes. Currently, the potential for device failure is assessed by subjective pain, clinical function scores, radiographic evidence of bone atrophy, and the presence of radiolucent lines at the bone-implant interface, and subjective pain and function scores. Our hypothesis is that measurable biological indices might add another objective means to assess trends toward bone and stomal healing. This longitudinal cohort study was undertaken to identify potential serological biomarkers suggestive of bone remodeling and the presence of stomal tissue inflammation., Methods: Ten unilateral transfemoral amputee veterans, who were implanted with a percutaneous osseointegrated (OI) skeletal limb docking system, were recruited to participate in this IRB-approved study. Venous blood samples were obtained from before the Stage 1 Surgery up to 1 year following the Stage 2 Surgery. Whole-blood RNA was extracted, sequenced, mapped, and analyzed. Of the significant differentially expressed (DEGs) genes (p<0.05) identified, four genes of interest (IL12B, IL33, COL2A1, and SOST) were validated using qPCR. Enrichment analysis was performed to identify significant (p<0.01) Gene Ontology (GO) terms., Results: Most differentially expressed genes were only detected at PoS1 immediately after the first surgery. Of the significant genes identified, IL12B and IL33 were related to inflammation, and COL2A1 and SOST were associated with bone remodeling. These four genes were identified with greater than 20 log fold-change., Conclusion: Whole-blood RNA-seq data from 10 patients who previously underwent percutaneous osseointegrated lower limb implantation revealed four genes of interest that are known to be involved in inflammation or bone remodeling. If verified in future studies, these genes may serve as markers for predicting optimal bone remodeling and stomal tissue healing following OI device implantation., Competing Interests: Drs Jay Agarwal, Sujee Jeyapalina and James Peter Beck currently own patents for percutaneous implant systems with respect to the design used in the current study. Also, Drs. Jay Agarwal and James Peter Beck were design surgeons for the DJO Surgical (POP) devices used in the associated clinical trial. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
- Published
- 2022
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24. A concise review on hPXR ligand-recognizing residues and structure-based strategies to alleviate hPXR transactivation risk.
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Liu T, Beck JP, and Hao J
- Abstract
The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) regulates the expression of major drug metabolizing enzymes. A wide range of drug candidates bind and activate hPXR, and hence are at risk of increasing drug-drug interactions and reducing clinical efficacy. hPXR structural features that function as hot spots for ligand binding are identified and highlighted in this concise review. Based on literature structure-activity relationship data as case studies, structure-based strategies to mitigate hPXR transactivation are summarized for medicinal chemists., Competing Interests: All the authors are employees of Eli Lilly and Company., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
- Published
- 2022
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25. Fluorapatite and fluorohydroxyapatite apatite surfaces drive adipose-derived stem cells to an osteogenic lineage.
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Jeyapalina S, Hillas E, Beck JP, Agarwal J, and Shea J
- Subjects
- Hydroxyapatites, Stem Cells, Apatites, Osteogenesis
- Abstract
Purpose: Hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds are common replacement materials used in the clinical management of critical-sized bone defects. This study was undertaken to examine the potential benefits of fluoridated derivatives of hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite (FA), and fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) as bone scaffolds in conjunction with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). If FHA and FA surfaces could drive the differentiation of stem cells to an osteogenic phenotype, the combination of these ceramic scaffolds with ADSCs could produce materials with mechanical strength and remodeling potential comparable to autologous bone. This study was designed to investigate the ability of the apatite surfaces HA, FA, and FHA produced at different sintering temperatures to drive ADSCs toward osteogenic lineages., Methods: HA, FHA, and FA surfaces sintered at 1150 °C and 1250 °C were seeded with ADSCs and evaluated for cell growth and gene and protein expression of osteogenic markers at 2 and 10 days post-seeding., Results: In vitro, ADSC cells were viable on all surfaces; however, differentiation of these cells into osteoblastic lineage only observed in apatite surfaces. ADSCs seeded on FA and FHA expressed genes and proteins related to osteogenic differentiation markers to a greater extent by Day 2 when compared to HA and cell culture controls. By day 10, HA, FA, and FHA all expressed more bone differentiation markers compared to cell culture controls., Conclusion: FA and FHA apatite scaffolds may promote the differentiation of ADSCs at an earlier time point than HA surfaces. Combining apatite scaffolds with ADSCs has the potential to improve bone regeneration following bone injury., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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26. Discovery and Early Clinical Development of LY3202626, a Low-Dose, CNS-Penetrant BACE Inhibitor.
- Author
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McKinzie DL, Winneroski LL, Green SJ, Hembre EJ, Erickson JA, Willis BA, Monk SA, Aluise CD, Baker TK, Lopez JE, Hendle J, Beck JP, Brier RA, Boggs LN, Borders AR, Cocke PJ, Garcia-Losada P, Lowe SL, Mathes BM, May PC, Porter WJ, Stout SL, Timm DE, Watson BM, Yang Z, and Mergott DJ
- Subjects
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases metabolism, Animals, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases metabolism, Blood-Brain Barrier physiology, Brain metabolism, Crystallography, X-Ray, Dogs, Drug Stability, Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring chemical synthesis, Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring pharmacokinetics, Humans, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Male, Mice, Microsomes, Liver metabolism, Molecular Structure, Protease Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Protease Inhibitors metabolism, Protease Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, Protein Binding, Pyrazines chemical synthesis, Pyrazines pharmacokinetics, Pyrroles chemical synthesis, Pyrroles pharmacokinetics, Rats, Structure-Activity Relationship, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases antagonists & inhibitors, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases antagonists & inhibitors, Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring pharmacology, Protease Inhibitors pharmacology, Pyrazines pharmacology, Pyrroles pharmacology
- Abstract
The beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, known as BACE1, has been a widely pursued Alzheimer's disease drug target owing to its critical role in the production of amyloid-beta. We have previously reported the clinical development of LY2811376 and LY2886721. LY2811376 advanced to Phase I before development was terminated due to nonclinical retinal toxicity. LY2886721 advanced to Phase II, but development was halted due to abnormally elevated liver enzymes. Herein, we report the discovery and clinical development of LY3202626, a highly potent, CNS-penetrant, and low-dose BACE inhibitor, which successfully addressed these key development challenges.
- Published
- 2021
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27. [Transcutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthetic Systems (TOPS) for Transfemoral Amputees - A Six-Year Retrospective Analysis of the Latest Prosthetic Design in Germany].
- Author
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Ranker A, Örgel M, Beck JP, Krettek C, and Aschoff HH
- Subjects
- Germany epidemiology, Humans, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Amputation, Surgical rehabilitation, Amputees psychology, Artificial Limbs, Bone-Anchored Prosthesis, Osseointegration, Prosthesis Design
- Abstract
Purpose: A retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes and complication rates of patients treated with the latest implant design of the so-called Endo-Exo-Femoral Prosthesis (EEFP) was performed. The aim is to gain specific information on long-term complications of this treatment-method., Methods: In January 2019, data of all transfemoral amputees who were treated with TOPS at an acute clinic in Schleswig-Holstein from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively analysed. This was done with special consideration of postoperative complications. For this purpose, all examination findings from routine clinical follow-up examinations were used. The complications were divided into stoma problems, orthopaedic-technical (OT) problems, fractures and explantations. All EEFPs had the same implant design (3rd generation). This implant is currently the only TOPS in Germany that is clinically used. Descriptive statistics as well as ratio information about occurred complications were calculated., Results: A total of 68 implantations were performed during this period. Average observation time was 6.32 years (±2.16 years). The mean age of the patients was 51.84 years±12.12 years. Cause of amputation was mainly trauma (82,35%). Stoma-associated problems had the highest incidence (7%) among all observed patient-related complications and posed the greatest challenges during the rehabilitation process. Looking only at surgical complications, 81% had no complications at all. In total, 15% had technical problems, 6% had peri-prosthetic fractures, 7% had stoma problems and 3% had to be explanted due to infection., Conclusion: The analysis of collected data shows that TOPS (here the 3rd generation EEFP) can be a successful alternative treatment method to shaft prostheses after transfemoral amputation. The indication should only be given after the failure of a shaft-prosthesis and contraindications must be comprehensively excluded. The greatest challenges in the rehabilitation process are the avoidance of stoma complications, infections and OT-problems. The rehabilitation of amputees treated with TOPS therefore requires an interdisciplinary, specialized rehabilitation team and lifelong rehabilitative care., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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28. Epidermal growth factor receptor genes are overexpressed within the periprosthetic soft-tissue around percutaneous devices: A pilot study.
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Jeyapalina S, Colombo JS, Beck JP, Agarwal JP, Schmidt LA, and Bachus KN
- Subjects
- Alloys metabolism, Animals, Cytokines metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, ErbB Receptors metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Granulation Tissue metabolism, Humans, Male, Pilot Projects, Prosthesis Implantation, Rats, Zucker, Skin, Titanium metabolism, Wound Healing, Alloys chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Epidermal Growth Factor metabolism, ErbB Receptors genetics, Titanium chemistry
- Abstract
Epidermal downgrowth around percutaneous devices produce sinus tracts, which then accumulate bacteria becoming foci of infection. This mode to failure is epidermal-centric, and is accelerated by changes in the chemokines and cytokines of the underlying periprosthetic granulation tissue (GT). In order to more fully comprehend the mechanism of downgrowth, in this 28-day study, percutaneous devices were placed in 10 Zucker diabetic fatty rats; 5 animals were induced with diabetes mellitus II (DM II) prior to the surgery and 5 animals served as a healthy, nondiabetic cohort. At necropsy, periprosthetic tissues were harvested, and underwent histological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies. After isolating GTs from the surrounding tissue and extracting ribonucleic acids, PCR array and quantitative-PCR (qPCR) analyses were carried-out. The PCR array for 84 key wound-healing associated genes showed a five-fold or greater change in 31 genes in the GTs of healthy animals compared to uninjured healthy typical skin tissues. Eighteen genes were overexpressed and these included epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Thirteen genes were underexpressed. When GTs of DM II animals were compared to healthy animals, there were 8 genes overexpressed and 25 genes underexpressed; under expressed genes included EGF and EGFR. The qPCR and immunohistochemistry data further validated these observations. Pathway analysis of genes up-regulated 15-fold or more indicated two, EGFR and interleukin-10, centric clustering effects. It was concluded that EGFR could be a key player in exacerbating the epidermal downgrowth, and might be an effective target for preventing downgrowth., (Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.)
- Published
- 2020
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29. Preparation and biological evaluation of BACE1 inhibitors: Leveraging trans-cyclopropyl moieties as ligand efficient conformational constraints.
- Author
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Winneroski LL, Erickson JA, Green SJ, Lopez JE, Stout SL, Porter WJ, Timm DE, Audia JE, Barberis M, Beck JP, Boggs LN, Borders AR, Boyer RD, Brier RA, Hembre EJ, Hendle J, Garcia-Losada P, Minguez JM, Mathes BM, May PC, Monk SA, Rankovic Z, Shi Y, Watson BM, Yang Z, and Mergott DJ
- Subjects
- Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases metabolism, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases metabolism, Crystallography, X-Ray, Cyclopropanes chemical synthesis, Cyclopropanes chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Ligands, Models, Molecular, Molecular Conformation, Protease Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Protease Inhibitors chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases antagonists & inhibitors, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases antagonists & inhibitors, Cyclopropanes pharmacology, Protease Inhibitors pharmacology
- Abstract
Inhibition of BACE1 has become an important strategy in the quest for disease modifying agents to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. We previously reported the fragment-based discovery of LY2811376, the first BACE1 inhibitor reported to demonstrate robust reduction of human CSF Aβ in a Phase I clinical trial. We also reported on the discovery of LY2886721, a potent BACE1 inhibitor that reached phase 2 clinical trials. Herein we describe the preparation and structure activity relationships (SAR) of a series of BACE1 inhibitors utilizing trans-cyclopropyl moieties as conformational constraints. The design, details of the stereochemically complex organic synthesis, and biological activity of these BACE1 inhibitors is described., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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30. Analysis of the Stomal Microbiota of a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study.
- Author
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Beck JP, Grogan M, Bennett BT, Jeyapalina S, Agarwal J, Bartow-McKenney C, Bugayev J, Kubiak E, Sinclair S, and Grice E
- Subjects
- Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Surgical Stomas microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Osseointegration, Prosthesis Implantation, Skin microbiology, Stomach microbiology
- Abstract
Percutaneous osseointegrated (OI) prostheses (POPs) are used to skeletally attach artificial limbs in amputees. While any permanent percutaneous interface is at risk of becoming infected by the resident microbiota colonizing the stoma, most of these patients remain infection-free. Avoidance of infection likely depends upon a mechanically and/or biologically stable skin-to-implant interface. The ultimate question remains, "why do some stomata become infected while others do not?" The answer might be found in the dynamic bacterial communities of the patient and within the stomal site itself. This study is an appendix to the first Food and Drug Administration approved prospective early feasibility study of OI prosthetic docking, in which, 10 transfemoral amputees were implanted with a unique POP device. In this analytical, longitudinal cohort study, each patient's skin and stomal microbiota were analyzed from the initial surgery to 1 year following the second-stage surgery. During each follow-up visit, three swab samples-stomal, device thigh skin and contralateral thigh skin-were obtained. DNA was extracted, and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were amplified and sequenced to profile microbial communities. The stomal microbiota were distinct from the microbiota on the adjacent thigh skin and the skin of the contralateral thigh, with a significantly increased abundance of Staphylococcus aureus within the stoma. Early on stomal microbiota were characterized by high diversity and high relative abundance of obligate anaerobes. Over time, the stomal microbiota shifted and stabilized in communities of lower diversity dominated by Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and/or Staphylococcus spp. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2645-2654, 2019., (© 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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31. Variation in bone response to the placement of percutaneous osseointegrated endoprostheses: A 24-month follow-up in sheep.
- Author
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Jeyapalina S, Beck JP, Drew A, Bloebaum RD, and Bachus KN
- Subjects
- Animals, Artificial Limbs, Prosthesis Implantation, Sheep, Bone Remodeling, Bone-Anchored Prosthesis, Bone-Implant Interface, Osseointegration
- Abstract
Percutaneous osseointegrated (OI) devices for amputees are metallic endoprostheses, that are surgically implanted into the residual stump bone and protrude through the skin, allowing attachment of an exoprosthetic limb. In contrast to standard socket suspension systems, these percutaneous OI devices provide superior attachment platforms for artificial limbs. However, bone adaptation, which includes atrophy and/or hypertrophy along the extent of the host bone-endoprosthetic interface, is seen clinically and depends upon where along the bone the device ultimately transfers loading forces to the skeletal system. The goal of this study was to determine if a percutaneous OI device, designed with a porous coated distal region and an end-loading collar, could promote and maintain stable bone attachment. A total of eight, 18 to 24-month old, mixed-breed sheep were surgically implanted with a percutaneous OI device. For 24-months, the animals were allowed to bear weight as tolerated and were monitored for signs of bone remodelling. At necropsy, the endoprosthesis and the surrounding tissues were harvested, radiographically imaged, and histomorphometrically analyzed to determine the periprosthetic bone adaptation in five animals. Bone growth into the porous coating was achieved in all five animals. Serial radiographic data showed stress-shielding related bone adaptation occurs based on the placement of the endoprosthetic stem. When collar placement and achieved end-bearing against the transected bone, distal bone conservation/hypertrophy was observed. The results supported the use of a distally loading and distally porous coated percutaneous OI device to achieve distal host bone maintenance., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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32. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of 2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-1-((1 S ,3 R )-5-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1 H )-yl)ethan-1-one (LY3154207), a Potent, Subtype Selective, and Orally Available Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Human Dopamine D1 Receptor.
- Author
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Hao J, Beck JP, Schaus JM, Krushinski JH, Chen Q, Beadle CD, Vidal P, Reinhard MR, Dressman BA, Massey SM, Boulet SL, Cohen MP, Watson BM, Tupper D, Gardinier KM, Myers J, Johansson AM, Richardson J, Richards DS, Hembre EJ, Remick DM, Coates DA, Bhardwaj RM, Diseroad BA, Bender D, Stephenson G, Wolfangel CD, Diaz N, Getman BG, Wang XS, Heinz BA, Cramer JW, Zhou X, Maren DL, Falcone JF, Wright RA, Mitchell SN, Carter G, Yang CR, Bruns RF, and Svensson KA
- Subjects
- Acetylcholine metabolism, Administration, Oral, Allosteric Regulation drug effects, Animals, Binding Sites, Crystallography, X-Ray, Cyclic AMP metabolism, HEK293 Cells, Half-Life, Humans, Isoquinolines chemistry, Isoquinolines pharmacokinetics, Kidney drug effects, Kidney metabolism, Locomotion drug effects, Mice, Molecular Conformation, Protein Isoforms agonists, Protein Isoforms metabolism, Rats, Receptors, Dopamine D1 metabolism, Small Molecule Libraries chemistry, Small Molecule Libraries metabolism, Small Molecule Libraries pharmacology, Structure-Activity Relationship, Isoquinolines pharmacology, Receptors, Dopamine D1 agonists
- Abstract
Clinical development of catechol-based orthosteric agonists of the dopamine D1 receptor has thus far been unsuccessful due to multiple challenges. To address these issues, we identified LY3154207 ( 3 ) as a novel, potent, and subtype selective human D1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with minimal allosteric agonist activity. Conformational studies showed LY3154207 adopts an unusual boat conformation, and a binding pose with the human D1 receptor was proposed based on this observation. In contrast to orthosteric agonists, LY3154207 showed a distinct pharmacological profile without a bell-shaped dose-response relationship or tachyphylaxis in preclinical models. Identification of a crystalline form of free LY3154207 from the discovery lots was not successful. Instead, a novel cocrystal form with superior solubility was discovered and determined to be suitable for development. This cocrystal form was advanced to clinical development as a potential first-in-class D1 PAM and is now in phase 2 studies for Lewy body dementia.
- Published
- 2019
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33. Characterization and evaluation of fluoridated apatites for the development of infection-free percutaneous devices.
- Author
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Bennett BT, Beck JP, Papangkorn K, Colombo JS, Bachus KN, Agarwal J, Shieh JF, and Jeyapalina S
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Adhesion drug effects, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Humans, Keratinocytes cytology, Keratinocytes drug effects, Mice, NIH 3T3 Cells, Particle Size, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Static Electricity, X-Ray Diffraction, Apatites pharmacology, Fluorides pharmacology, Prostheses and Implants
- Abstract
The wound healing process in the soft tissues adjacent to percutaneous implants induces "epithelial downgrowth", and subsequently, a sinus tract around the device. This provides an optimal environment for bacterial colonization and proliferation. In an attempt to arrest downgrowth and achieve epithelial attachment to a device surface, we have sought to mimic the most common and successful percutaneous organ, the tooth. Since teeth are composed of partially and fully fluoridated forms of hydroxyapatite (HA), it was hypothesized that the surface properties of fluoridated apatites, fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) and fluorapatite (FA), would improve epithelial cellular adhesion and differentiation when compared to HA and titanium (Ti) surfaces. In this study, the apatites (HA, FHA, and FA) were synthesized and characterized. Following a high-temperature sintering treatment of these apatites, keratinocyte and fibroblast adhesion and differentiation properties were analyzed in vitro, revealing a statistically significant increase in keratinocyte adhesion and terminal differentiation on FA surfaces sintered at 1050-1150 °C as compared to Ti or HA. Moreover, fibroblasts displayed enhanced adhesion on FHA surfaces. This data suggests that percutaneous devices coated with, or fabricated from, fluoridated apatites may induce improved epithelial cellular adhesion and differentiation, potentially limiting deeply penetrating epithelial downgrowth and resultant bacterial ingress., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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34. Artificial Pancreas Systems for People With Type 2 Diabetes: Conception and Design of the European CLOSE Project.
- Author
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Schliess F, Heise T, Benesch C, Mianowska B, Stegbauer C, Broge B, Gillard P, Binkley G, Crône V, Carlier S, Delval C, Petkov A, Beck JP, Lodwig V, Gurdala M, Szecsenyi J, Rosenmöller M, Cypryk K, Mathieu C, Renard E, and Heinemann L
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Equipment Design, Europe, Humans, Research Design, Stakeholder Participation, Treatment Outcome, Blood Glucose drug effects, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring instrumentation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Insulin Infusion Systems adverse effects, Pancreas, Artificial adverse effects
- Abstract
In the last 10 years tremendous progress has been made in the development of artificial pancreas (AP) systems for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The pan-European consortium CLOSE (Automated Glu cose Contro l at H ome for People with Chronic Disea se) is aiming to develop integrated AP solutions (APplus) tailored to the needs of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). APplus comprises a product and service package complementing the AP system by obligatory training as well as home visits and telemedical consultations on demand. Outcome predictors and performance indicators shall help to identify people who could benefit most from AP usage and facilitate the measurement of AP impact in diabetes care. In a first step CLOSE will establish a scalable APplus model case working at the interface between patients, homecare service providers, and payers in France. CLOSE will then scale up APplus by pursuing geographic distribution, targeting additional audiences, and enhancing AP functionalities and interconnectedness. By being part of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) Health public-private partnership, CLOSE is committed to the EIT "knowledge triangle" pursuing the integrated advancement of technology, education, and business creation. Putting stakeholders, education, and impact into the center of APplus advancement is considered key for achieving wide AP use in T2D care.
- Published
- 2019
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35. Intracellular Binding Site for a Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Dopamine D1 Receptor.
- Author
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Wang X, Heinz BA, Qian YW, Carter JH, Gadski RA, Beavers LS, Little SP, Yang CR, Beck JP, Hao J, Schaus JM, Svensson KA, and Bruns RF
- Subjects
- Allosteric Regulation drug effects, Allosteric Site drug effects, Amino Acids metabolism, Animals, Cell Line, Conserved Sequence drug effects, Conserved Sequence physiology, Dopamine metabolism, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Isoquinolines pharmacology, Rats, Allosteric Regulation physiology, Allosteric Site physiology, Receptors, Dopamine D1 metabolism
- Abstract
The binding site for DETQ [2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-((1 S ,3 R )-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1 H )-yl)ethan-1-one], a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the dopamine D1 receptor, was identified and compared with the binding site for CID 2886111 [ N -(6- tert -butyl-3-carbamoyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxamide], a reference D1 PAM. From D1/D5 chimeras, the site responsible for potentiation by DETQ of the increase in cAMP in response to dopamine was narrowed down to the N-terminal intracellular quadrant of the receptor; arginine-130 in intracellular loop 2 (IC2) was then identified as a critical amino acid based on a human/rat species difference. Confirming the importance of IC2, a β 2-adrenergic receptor construct in which the IC2 region was replaced with its D1 counterpart gained the ability to respond to DETQ. A homology model was built from the agonist-state β 2-receptor structure, and DETQ was found to dock to a cleft created by IC2 and adjacent portions of transmembrane helices 3 and 4 (TM3 and TM4). When residues modeled as pointing into the cleft were mutated to alanine, large reductions in the potency of DETQ were found for Val119 and Trp123 (flanking the conserved DRY sequence in TM3), Arg130 (located in IC2), and Leu143 (TM4). The D1/D5 difference was found to reside in Ala139; changing this residue to methionine as in the D5 receptor reduced the potency of DETQ by approximately 1000-fold. None of these mutations affected the activity of CID 2886111, indicating that it binds to a different allosteric site. When combined, DETQ and CID 2886111 elicited a supra-additive response in the absence of dopamine, implying that both PAMs can bind to the D1 receptor simultaneously., (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2018
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36. Preclinical profile of a dopamine D1 potentiator suggests therapeutic utility in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Bruns RF, Mitchell SN, Wafford KA, Harper AJ, Shanks EA, Carter G, O'Neill MJ, Murray TK, Eastwood BJ, Schaus JM, Beck JP, Hao J, Witkin JM, Li X, Chernet E, Katner JS, Wang H, Ryder JW, Masquelin ME, Thompson LK, Love PL, Maren DL, Falcone JF, Menezes MM, Zhang L, Yang CR, and Svensson KA
- Subjects
- Animals, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Blinking drug effects, Corpus Striatum drug effects, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Dopamine Agents therapeutic use, Isoquinolines therapeutic use, Levodopa therapeutic use, Macaca mulatta, Male, Maze Learning drug effects, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Nervous System Diseases drug therapy, Prefrontal Cortex drug effects, Prefrontal Cortex metabolism, Psychotic Disorders drug therapy, Receptors, Dopamine D1 genetics, Reserpine therapeutic use, Sleep drug effects, Wakefulness drug effects, Nervous System Diseases metabolism, Psychotic Disorders metabolism, Receptors, Dopamine D1 metabolism
- Abstract
DETQ, an allosteric potentiator of the dopamine D1 receptor, was tested in therapeutic models that were known to respond to D1 agonists. Because of a species difference in affinity for DETQ, all rodent experiments used transgenic mice expressing the human D1 receptor (hD1 mice). When given alone, DETQ reversed the locomotor depression caused by a low dose of reserpine. DETQ also acted synergistically with L-DOPA to reverse the strong hypokinesia seen with a higher dose of reserpine. These results indicate potential as both monotherapy and adjunct treatment in Parkinson's disease. DETQ markedly increased release of both acetylcholine and histamine in the prefrontal cortex, and increased levels of histamine metabolites in the striatum. In the hippocampus, the combination of DETQ and the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine increased ACh to a greater degree than either agent alone. DETQ also increased phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor (GluR1) and the transcription factor CREB in the striatum, consistent with enhanced synaptic plasticity. In the Y-maze, DETQ increased arm entries but (unlike a D1 agonist) did not reduce spontaneous alternation between arms at high doses. DETQ enhanced wakefulness in EEG studies in hD1 mice and decreased immobility in the forced-swim test, a model for antidepressant-like activity. In rhesus monkeys, DETQ increased spontaneous eye-blink rate, a measure that is known to be depressed in Parkinson's disease. Together, these results provide support for potential utility of D1 potentiators in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder., (Copyright © 2017 Eli Lilly and Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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37. A 24-month evaluation of a percutaneous osseointegrated limb-skin interface in an ovine amputation model.
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Jeyapalina S, Beck JP, Agarwal J, and Bachus KN
- Subjects
- Alloys, Animals, Extremities physiopathology, Materials Testing methods, Models, Animal, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Implantation methods, Sheep, Skin physiopathology, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Surface Properties, Time Factors, Titanium chemistry, Amputation, Surgical rehabilitation, Artificial Limbs, Bone-Implant Interface pathology, Bone-Implant Interface physiology, Extremities pathology, Osseointegration physiology, Skin pathology
- Abstract
Percutaneous osseointegrated (OI) prostheses directly connect an artificial limb to the residual appendicular skeleton via a permanently implanted endoprosthesis with a bridging connector that protrudes through the skin. The resulting stoma produces unique medical and biological challenges. Previously, a study using a large animal amputation model indicated that infection could be largely prevented, for at least a 12-month period, but the terminal epithelium continued to downgrow. The current study was undertaken to test the longer-term efficacy of this implant construct to maintain a stable skin-implant interface for 24 months. Using the previously successful amputation and implantation surgical procedure, a total of eight sheep were fitted with a percutaneous OI prosthesis. Two animals were removed from the study due to early complications. Of the remaining six sheep, one (16.7%) became infected at 15-months post-implantation and five remained infection-free for the intended 24 months. The histological data of the remaining animals further confirmed the grossly observable epithelial downgrowth. Albeit a receding interface, it was clear that all animals that survived to the end of the study had residual fibrous soft-tissue ingrowth into, and debris within, the exposed titanium porous-coated surface. Overall, the data demonstrated that the porous coated subdermal barrier offered initial protection against infection. However, the fibrous skin attachment was continuously lysed over time by the down-growing epithelium.
- Published
- 2017
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38. Validity evidence for two objective structured clinical examination stations to evaluate core skills of the shoulder and knee assessment.
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Battistone MJ, Barker AM, Beck JP, Tashjian RZ, and Cannon GW
- Subjects
- Checklist, Clinical Competence standards, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, United States, Education, Medical, Undergraduate methods, Education, Medical, Undergraduate standards, Educational Measurement methods, Educational Measurement standards, Knee, Musculoskeletal Diseases diagnosis, Orthopedics education, Physical Examination standards, Problem-Based Learning standards, Shoulder
- Abstract
Background: We developed two objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) to educate and evaluate trainees in the evaluation and management of shoulder and knee pain. Our objective was to examine the evidence for validity of these OSCEs., Methods: A multidisciplinary team of content experts developed checklists of exam maneuvers and criteria to guide rater observations. Content was proposed by faculty, supplemented by literature review, and finalized using a Delphi process. One faculty simulated the patient, another rated examinee performance. Two faculty independently rated a portion of cases. Percent agreement was calculated and Cohen's kappa corrected for chance agreement on binary outcomes. Examinees' self-assessment was explored by written surveys. Responses were stratified into 3 categories and compared with similarly stratified OSCE scores using Pearson's coefficient., Results: A multi-disciplinary cohort of 69 examinees participated. Examinees correctly identified rotator cuff and meniscal disease 88% and 89% of the time, respectively. Inter-rater agreement was moderate for the knee (87%; k = 0.61) and near perfect for the shoulder (97%; k = 0.88). No correlation between stratified self-assessment and OSCE scores were found for either shoulder (0.02) or knee (-0.07)., Conclusions: Validity evidence supports the continuing use of these OSCEs in educational programs addressing the evaluation and management of shoulder and knee pain. Evidence for validity includes the systematic development of content, rigorous control of the response process, and demonstration of acceptable interrater agreement. Lack of correlation with self-assessment suggests that these OSCEs measure a construct different from learners' self-confidence.
- Published
- 2017
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39. An Allosteric Potentiator of the Dopamine D1 Receptor Increases Locomotor Activity in Human D1 Knock-In Mice without Causing Stereotypy or Tachyphylaxis.
- Author
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Svensson KA, Heinz BA, Schaus JM, Beck JP, Hao J, Krushinski JH, Reinhard MR, Cohen MP, Hellman SL, Getman BG, Wang X, Menezes MM, Maren DL, Falcone JF, Anderson WH, Wright RA, Morin SM, Knopp KL, Adams BL, Rogovoy B, Okun I, Suter TM, Statnick MA, Gehlert DR, Nelson DL, Lucaites VL, Emkey R, DeLapp NW, Wiernicki TR, Cramer JW, Yang CR, and Bruns RF
- Subjects
- Adamantane analogs & derivatives, Adamantane pharmacology, Allosteric Regulation drug effects, Animals, Benzopyrans pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Isoquinolines adverse effects, Male, Mice, Protein Transport drug effects, Receptors, Dopamine D1 agonists, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Gene Knock-In Techniques, Isoquinolines pharmacology, Locomotion drug effects, Receptors, Dopamine D1 genetics, Receptors, Dopamine D1 metabolism, Tachyphylaxis
- Abstract
Allosteric potentiators amplify the sensitivity of physiologic control circuits, a mode of action that could provide therapeutic advantages. This hypothesis was tested with the dopamine D1 receptor potentiator DETQ [2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-((1S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethan-1-one]. In human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing the human D1 receptor, DETQ induced a 21-fold leftward shift in the cAMP response to dopamine, with a K
b of 26 nM. The maximum response to DETQ alone was ∼12% of the maximum response to dopamine, suggesting weak allosteric agonist activity. DETQ was ∼30-fold less potent at rat and mouse D1 receptors and was inactive at the human D5 receptor. To enable studies in rodents, an hD1 knock-in mouse was generated. DETQ (3-20 mg/kg orally) caused a robust (∼10-fold) increase in locomotor activity (LMA) in habituated hD1 mice but was inactive in wild-type mice. The LMA response to DETQ was blocked by the D1 antagonist SCH39166 and was dependent on endogenous dopamine. LMA reached a plateau at higher doses (30-240 mg/kg) even though free brain levels of DETQ continued to increase over the entire dose range. In contrast, the D1 agonists SKF 82958, A-77636, and dihydrexidine showed bell-shaped dose-response curves with a profound reduction in LMA at higher doses; video-tracking confirmed that the reduction in LMA caused by SKF 82958 was due to competing stereotyped behaviors. When dosed daily for 4 days, DETQ continued to elicit an increase in LMA, whereas the D1 agonist A-77636 showed complete tachyphylaxis by day 2. These results confirm that allosteric potentiators may have advantages compared with direct-acting agonists., (Copyright © 2016 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2017
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40. "Mini-Residency" in Musculoskeletal Care: a National Continuing Professional Development Program for Primary Care Providers.
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Battistone MJ, Barker AM, Grotzke MP, Beck JP, Lawrence P, and Cannon GW
- Subjects
- Clinical Competence standards, Curriculum standards, Female, Hospitals, Veterans standards, Humans, Internship and Residency standards, Male, Physicians, Primary Care standards, Primary Health Care standards, Program Development standards, Program Evaluation methods, Program Evaluation standards, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, United States, Internship and Residency methods, Musculoskeletal Diseases diagnosis, Musculoskeletal Diseases therapy, Physicians, Primary Care education, Primary Health Care methods, Program Development methods
- Abstract
Introduction: A cost-effective professional development program enhancing musculoskeletal (MSK) skills of physicians and allied health providers working in primary care settings has been reported at a single site. This article describes the first 2 years of the national expansion and implementation of a 3-day "MSK Mini-residency.", Methods: Faculty from Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers worked in partnership with national program faculty from the Salt Lake City VA to present an intensive, integrated, multidisciplinary program to strengthen the skills of primary care providers in evaluating and managing MSK conditions common in primary care. Course assessments included written surveys and a two-station observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) evaluating the physical examination of the shoulder and knee., Results: In the first 2 years of the program, 13 VA facilities participated. Two hundred twenty-seven health care providers, including 135 physicians, were trained. Two hundred seven participants (91 %) completed all pre- and post-course written assessments and the two-station OSCE., Discussion: The MSK Mini-residency program is an effective and well-received mixed-method educational initiative to strengthen the skills of primary care physicians and other health care providers in evaluating and managing patients with MSK complaints and to document their competence in performing physical examinations of the shoulder and knee. The 2-year experience in implementation suggests that this model of educational partnerships is a feasible approach to disseminating innovative educational programs in a way that preserves curricular consistency yet is adaptable to local needs., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest and no competing interests.
- Published
- 2016
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41. Effectiveness of an Interprofessional and Multidisciplinary Musculoskeletal Training Program.
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Battistone MJ, Barker AM, Grotzke MP, Beck JP, Berdan JT, Butler JM, Milne CK, Huhtala T, and Cannon GW
- Subjects
- Arthrocentesis methods, Curriculum, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Internal Medicine education, Physical Examination methods, Surveys and Questionnaires, Utah, Clinical Competence, Internship and Residency methods, Musculoskeletal Diseases diagnosis, Musculoskeletal Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal (MSK) problems are common, and a recent US Bone and Joint Initiative calls for new models of education and professional collaboration. Evidence of feasibility and acceptability of innovative methods are needed., Objective: We assessed if an experimental immersion interdisciplinary MSK curriculum would be acceptable to residents from different specialties, be feasible within existing rotations, and be effective in strengthening clinical skills., Methods: Through funding from the Veterans Affairs Office of Academic Affiliations and the Office of Specialty Care, we developed a Center of Excellence in MSK Care and Education. A core element is the monthly MSK Education Week, which teaches skills and provides opportunities to apply these in clinical settings. Participants include internal medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and orthopaedic surgery residents, as well as students and residents from other health professions programs. All were assigned to the MSK week in lieu of other clinical experiences. Faculty encompassed primary care, rheumatology, endocrinology, orthopaedics, and physical medicine and rehabilitation. Assessments include surveys and a 2-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)., Results: Since 2012, a total of 176 trainees have participated. Percentage of trainees reporting ability to evaluate and manage MSK complaints increased (9% to 87% for shoulder; 18% to 86% for knee), and confidence performing MSK injections increased from 10% to 70%. Competency in evaluation of shoulder and knee pain was confirmed by OSCEs., Conclusions: The MSK week program was accepted by residents from the 3 specialties, with learners reporting improved ability to perform shoulder and knee examinations, as demonstrated by OSCEs.
- Published
- 2016
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42. Preparation and biological evaluation of conformationally constrained BACE1 inhibitors.
- Author
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Winneroski LL, Schiffler MA, Erickson JA, May PC, Monk SA, Timm DE, Audia JE, Beck JP, Boggs LN, Borders AR, Boyer RD, Brier RA, Hudziak KJ, Klimkowski VJ, Garcia Losada P, Mathes BM, Stout SL, Watson BM, and Mergott DJ
- Subjects
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases chemistry, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases isolation & purification, Animals, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases chemistry, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases isolation & purification, Brain Chemistry, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds chemistry, Crystallography, X-Ray, Drug Design, Humans, Mice, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Docking Simulation, Protease Inhibitors chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Thiazines chemistry, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases antagonists & inhibitors, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases antagonists & inhibitors, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds chemical synthesis, Protease Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Thiazines chemical synthesis
- Abstract
The BACE1 enzyme is a key target for Alzheimer's disease. During our BACE1 research efforts, fragment screening revealed that bicyclic thiazine 3 had low millimolar activity against BACE1. Analysis of the co-crystal structure of 3 suggested that potency could be increased through extension toward the S3 pocket and through conformational constraint of the thiazine core. Pursuit of S3-binding groups produced low micromolar inhibitor 6, which informed the S3-design for constrained analogs 7 and 8, themselves prepared via independent, multi-step synthetic routes. Biological characterization of BACE inhibitors 6-8 is described., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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43. Fifteen years of experience with Integral-Leg-Prosthesis: Cohort study of artificial limb attachment system.
- Author
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Juhnke DL, Beck JP, Jeyapalina S, and Aschoff HH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Osseointegration, Patient Selection, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Amputation, Surgical, Artificial Limbs, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Implantation
- Abstract
Integral-Leg-Prosthesis (ILP) is a comparatively new attachment system that allows direct skeletal docking of artificial limbs. Between January 1999 and December 2013, 69 patients with transfemoral amputation were fitted with ILPs by a single German surgeon. Device design iterations and surgical techniques evolved during these years. For the purposes of comparison, patients receiving the first two designs and procedure iterations were placed in group 1 and the patients fitted with the final design were placed in group 2. Infection rate and planned and unplanned surgical interventions were statistically compared using Fisher exact test. Data demonstrated that the high rate of stoma-associated infections seen in group 1 was dramatically reduced in group 2. Of the 39 patients with 42 implants in group 2, none had operative interventions secondary to infection. All group 2 patients remained infection-free without the use of antibiotics by following a simple but defined wound-hygiene protocol. We concluded that the final iteration of the osseointegrated intramedullary device with a low energy surface at the soft tissue and prosthesis interface allowed a biologically stable skin stoma that remained infection-free without chronic use of antibiotics. The reduction in the infection rate was attributed to the clinically based, empirically driven changes in design and surgical techniques.
- Published
- 2015
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44. Progression of bone ingrowth and attachment strength for stability of percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses.
- Author
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Jeyapalina S, Beck JP, Bloebaum RD, and Bachus KN
- Subjects
- Amputation, Surgical adverse effects, Animals, Bone and Bones pathology, Female, Forelimb, Male, Models, Animal, Porosity, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Failure, Prosthesis Fitting, Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects, Sheep, Stress, Mechanical, Time Factors, Weight-Bearing, Amputation, Surgical rehabilitation, Artificial Limbs adverse effects, Bone and Bones surgery, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Osseointegration, Prosthesis Implantation instrumentation
- Abstract
Background: Percutaneous osseointegrated prosthetic (POP) devices have been used clinically in Europe for decades. Unfortunately, their introduction into the United States has been delayed, in part due to the lack of data documenting the progression of osseointegration and mechanical stability., Questions/purposes: We determined the progression of bone ingrowth into porous-coated POP devices and established the interrelationship with mechanical stability., Methods: After amputation, 64 skeletally mature sheep received a custom porous-coated POP device and were then randomized into five time groups, with subsequent measurement of percentage of bone ingrowth into the available pore spaces (n = 32) and the mechanical pullout force (n = 32)., Results: Postimplantation, there was an accelerated progression of bone ingrowth (~48% from 0 to 3 months) producing a mean pullout force of 5066 ± 1543 N. Subsequently, there was a slower but continued progression of bone ingrowth (~23% from 3 to 12 months) culminating with a mean pullout force of 13,485 ± 1855 N at 12 months postimplantation. There was a high linear correlation (R = 0.94) between the bone ingrowth and mechanical pullout stability., Conclusions: This weightbearing model shows an accelerated progression of bone ingrowth into the porous coating; the amount of ingrowth observed at 3 months after surgery within the porous-coated POP devices was sufficient to generate mechanical stability., Clinical Relevance: The data document progression of bone ingrowth into porous-coated POP devices and establish a strong interrelationship between ingrowth and pullout strength. Further human data are needed to validate these findings.
- Published
- 2014
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45. Radiographic evaluation of bone adaptation adjacent to percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses in a sheep model.
- Author
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Jeyapalina S, Beck JP, Bachus KN, Chalayon O, and Bloebaum RD
- Subjects
- Amputation, Surgical adverse effects, Animals, Bone Resorption, Bone and Bones pathology, Forelimb, Hypertrophy, Models, Animal, Porosity, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Failure, Prosthesis Fitting, Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects, Sheep, Time Factors, Amputation, Surgical rehabilitation, Artificial Limbs adverse effects, Bone and Bones surgery, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Osseointegration, Prosthesis Implantation instrumentation
- Abstract
Background: Percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses (POPs) are being investigated as an alternative to conventional socket suspension and require a radiographic followup in translational studies to confirm that design objectives are being met., Questions/purposes: In this 12-month animal study, we determined (1) radiographic signs of osseointegration and (2) radiographic signs of periprosthetic bone hypertrophy and resorption (adaptation) and (3) confirmed them with the histologic evidence of host bone osseointegration and adaptation around a novel, distally porous-coated titanium POP with a collar., Methods: A POP device was designed to fit the right metacarpal bone of sheep. Amputation and implantation surgeries (n = 14) were performed, and plane-film radiographs were collected quarterly for 12 months. Radiographs were assessed for osseointegration (fixation) and bone adaptation (resorption and hypertrophy). The cortical wall and medullary canal widths were used to compute the cortical index and expressed as a percentage. Based on the cortical index changes and histologic evaluations, bone adaptation was quantified., Results: Radiographic data showed signs of osseointegration including those with incomplete seating against the collar attachment. Cortical index data indicated distal cortical wall thinning if the collar was not seated distally. When implants were bound proximally, bone resorbed distally and the diaphyseal cortex hypertrophied., Conclusions: Histopathologic evidence and cortical index measurements confirmed the radiographic indications of adaptation and osseointegration. Distal bone loading, through collar attachment and porous coating, limited the distal bone resorption., Clinical Relevance: Serial radiographic studies, in either animal models or preclinical trials for new POP devices, will help to determine which designs are likely to be safe over time and avoid implant failures.
- Published
- 2014
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46. O-H anharmonic vibrational motions in Cl(-)···(CH3OH)(1-2) ionic clusters. Combined IRPD experiments and AIMD simulations.
- Author
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Beck JP, Cimas A, Lisy JM, and Gaigeot MP
- Subjects
- Anions chemistry, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Motion, Quantum Theory, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Chlorine chemistry, Methanol chemistry
- Abstract
The structures of Cl(-)-(Methanol)1,2 clusters have been unraveled combining Infrared Predissociation (IR-PD) experiments and DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations (DFT-MD) at 100 K. The dynamical IR spectra extracted from DFT-MD provide the initial 600 cm(-1) large anharmonic red-shift of the O-H stretch from uncomplexed methanol (3682 cm(-1)) to Cl(-)-(Methanol)1 complex (3085 cm(-1)) as observed in the IR-PD experiment, as well as the subtle supplementary blue- and red-shifts of the O-H stretch in Cl(-)-(Methanol)2 depending on the structure. The anharmonic vibrational calculations remarkably provide the 100 cm(-1) O-H blue-shift when the two methanol molecules are simultaneously organized in the anion first hydration shell (conformer 2A), while they provide the 240 cm(-1) O-H red-shift when the second methanol is in the second hydration shell of Cl(-) (conformer 2B). RRKM calculations have also shown that 2A/2B conformers interconvert on a nanosecond time-scale at the estimated 100 K temperature of the clusters formed by evaporative cooling of argon prior to the IR-PD process., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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47. Anharmonic vibrations of N-H in Cl(-)(N-methylacetamide)1(H2O)(0-2)Ar2 cluster ions. Combined IRPD experiments and BOMD simulations.
- Author
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Beck JP, Gaigeot MP, and Lisy JM
- Subjects
- Amines chemistry, Chlorides chemistry, Hydrogen Bonding, Ions, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Acetamides chemistry, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Vibration, Water chemistry
- Abstract
Infrared Predissociation (IRPD) spectra of Cl(-)(NMA)1(H2O)0-2Ar2 combined with Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics (BOMD) IR spectra have been acquired, providing the structure and dynamics of these systems. We show that the chloride ion is bound to the hydrogen of the amide N-H group, forming a strong ionic hydrogen bond, weakening the N-H stretch, and shifting it to lower frequency. The presence of water molecules enhances the ionic hydrogen bond by binding to the amide carbonyl oxygen of NMA and shifts the N-H stretch further to lower frequency. The BOMD IR spectra can recapture all, but about 100 cm(-1), of the 600 to 700 cm(-1) shifts due to the strong N-H stretch anharmonicities observed in experiments. This residual error was found to be due to the lack of zero point energy in the classical treatment of motion in the BOMD method.
- Published
- 2013
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48. Pig dorsum model for examining impaired wound healing at the skin-implant interface of percutaneous devices.
- Author
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Holt BM, Betz DH, Ford TA, Beck JP, Bloebaum RD, and Jeyapalina S
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Water, Swine, Swine, Miniature, Models, Biological, Prostheses and Implants, Wound Healing
- Abstract
Percutaneous medical devices are indispensable in contemporary clinical practice, but the associated incidence of low to moderate mortality infections represents a significant economic and personal cost to patients and healthcare providers. Percutaneous osseointegrated prosthetics also suffer from a similar risk of infection, limiting their clinical acceptance and usage in patients with limb loss. We hypothesized that transepidermal water loss (TEWL) management at the skin-implant interface may improve and maintain a stable skin-to-implant interface. In this study, skin reactions in a 3-month, pig dorsum model were assessed using standard histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative image analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of peri-implant tissue explants showed evidence of: continuous healing (cytokeratin 6+), hypergranulation tissue (procollagen+), hyper-vascularity (collagen 4+), and the presence of fibrocytes (CD45+ and procollagen type 1+). Importantly, the gross skin response was correlated to a previous load-bearing percutaneous osseointegrated prosthetic sheep study conducted in our lab. The skin responses of the two models indicated a potentially shared mechanism of wound healing behavior at the skin-implant interface. Although TEWL management did not reduce skin migration at the skin-implant interface, the correlation of qualitative and quantitative measures validated the pig dorsum model as a high-throughput platform for translational science based percutaneous interface investigations in the future.
- Published
- 2013
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49. Immediate post-implantation skin immobilization decreases skin regression around percutaneous osseointegrated prosthetic implant systems.
- Author
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Holt BM, Bachus KN, Beck JP, Bloebaum RD, and Jeyapalina S
- Subjects
- Alloys, Amputation, Surgical, Animals, Epithelium growth & development, Female, Immobilization, Interferometry, Kinetics, Male, Porosity, Prostheses and Implants, Prosthesis Design, Sheep, Skin microbiology, Titanium, Wound Healing, Osseointegration physiology, Prosthesis Implantation, Skin growth & development
- Abstract
A percutaneous, osseointegrated (OI) prosthetics are alternative docking systems for upper- and lower-extremity prostheses. Persistent inflammation and micro-motion are known to cause negative soft-tissue adaptation in wound healing and may also be detrimental to implant longevity. In this study, a unique single-stage sheep amputation and implantation model was developed to assess the efficacy of a porous coated sub-dermal fixation surface in the prevention of skin regression around a percutaneous osseointegrated prosthetic implant. Porous coated and smooth sub-dermal fixation surface prosthetics were implanted in the right forelimb of skeletally mature sheep for up to 12 months. Skin regression kinetics and sub-dermal fixation surface coverage were measured from histological samples. Quantitative measurements of porous coated surfaces yielded skin migration rates of 0.90 ± 0.23, 0.56 ± 0.15, 0.44 ± 0.22 mm/month for the 6, 9, and 12 month animals, respectively. In addition, three load dependent regions of skin adaptation were identified; an interface, a transition, and a stress absorbance region. Immediate post-implantation immobilization of the skin may foster improved load-bearing percutaneous device outcomes. The skin adaptations reported here will aid in informing the design and optimization of future percutaneous, OI devices intended for the treatment of upper- and lower-extremity amputees., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. 4-Phenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines as dual norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors.
- Author
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Pechulis AD, Beck JP, Curry MA, Wolf MA, Harms AE, Xi N, Opalka C, Sweet MP, Yang Z, Vellekoop AS, Klos AM, Crocker PJ, Hassler C, Laws M, Kitchen DB, Smith MA, Olson RE, Liu S, and Molino BF
- Subjects
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors metabolism, Kinetics, Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Protein Binding, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins chemistry, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors chemistry, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors metabolism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tetrahydroisoquinolines chemical synthesis, Tetrahydroisoquinolines metabolism, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors chemistry, Tetrahydroisoquinolines chemistry
- Abstract
Novel 4-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines that inhibit both dopamine and norepinephrine transporters were designed and prepared. In this Letter, we describe the synthesis, in vitro activity and associated structure-activity relationships of this series. We also report the ex vivo NET occupancy of a representative compound, 41., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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