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A numerical investigation of the effects of winglets with multiple cant angles on the power output of the blade of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is conducted. Several winglet configurations with single and multiple cant angles are designed and their performance is evaluated. Numerical solutions obtained by RANS equations and moving reference frame method were compared with the experiments and demonstrated that they concur well with the experimental data. In the torque and thrust comparison, the ones with multiple cant angles present better power output enhancement than those with a single cant angle at a relatively high wind speed. The configurations of multiple cant angles are effective in reducing the influence of wing tip vortices, resulting in a higher torque while maintaining the same winglet length and height.

Since its discovery at the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into many variants, including the subvariant BA.2 and the GKA clade. Genomic clarification is needed for better management of the current pandemic as well as the possible reemergence of novel variants. The sequence of the reference genome Wuhan-Hu-1 and approximately 20 representatives of each variant were downloaded from GenBank and GISAID. Two representatives with no track of in-definitive nucleotides were selected. The sequences were aligned using muscle. The location of insertion/deletion (indel) in the genome was mapped following the open reading frame (ORF) of Wuhan-Hu-1. The phylogeny of the spike protein coding region was constructed using the maximum likelihood method. Amino acid substitutions in all ORFs were analyzed separately. There are two indel sites in ORF1AB, eight in spike, and one each in ORF3A, matrix (MA), nucleoprotein (NP), and the 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTR). Some indel sites and residues/substitutions are not unique, and some are variant-specific. The phylogeny shows that Omicron, Deltacron, and BA2 are clustered together and separated from other variants with 100% bootstrap support. In conclusion, whole-genome comparison of representatives of all variants revealed indel patterns that are specific to SARS-CoV-2 variants or subvariants. Polymorphic amino acid comparison across all coding regions also showed amino acid residues shared by specific groups of variants. Finally, the higher transmissibility of BA.2 might be due at least in part to the 48 nucleotide deletions in the 3′UTR, while the seem-to-be extinction of GKA clade is due to the lack of genetic advantages as a consequence of amino acid substitutions in various genes.

The prolonged global spread and community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of variants and brought questions regarding disease severity and vaccine effectiveness. We conducted simple bioinformatics on the spike gene of a representative of each variant. The data show that a number of polymorphic amino acids are located mostly on the amino-terminal side of the S1/S2 cleavage site. The Omicron variant diverges from the others, with the highest number of amino acid substitutions, including the receptor-binding site (RBS), epitopes, S1/S2 cleavage site, fusion peptide, and heptad repeat 1. The current sharp global increase in the frequency of the Omicron genome constitutes evidence of its high community transmissibility. In conclusion, the proposed guideline could give an immediate insight of the probable biological nature of any variant of SARS-Cov-2. As the Omicron diverged the farthest from the original pandemic strain, Wuhan-Hu-1, we expect different epidemiological and clinical patterns of Omicron cases. On vaccine efficacy, slight changes in some epitopes while others are conserved should not lead to a significant reduction in the effectiveness of an approved vaccine.

Abstract Although there are many examples of color evolution potentially driven by sensory drive, only few studies have examined whether distinct species inhabiting the same environments evolve similar body colors via shared sensory mechanisms. In this study, we tested whether two sympatric freshwater fish taxa, halfbeaks of the genus Nomorhamphus and ricefishes of the genus Oryzias in Sulawesi Island, converge in both body color and visual sensitivity. After reconstructing the phylogeny separately for Nomorhamphus and Oryzias using transcriptome‐wide sequences, we demonstrated positive correlations of body redness between these two taxa across environments, even after phylogenetic corrections, which support convergent evolution. However, substantial differences were observed in the expression profiles of opsin genes in the eyes between Nomorhamphus and Oryzias. Particularly, the expression levels of the long wavelength‐sensitive genes were negatively correlated between the taxa, indicating that they have different visual sensitivities despite living in similar light environments. Thus, the convergence of body colorations between these two freshwater fish taxa was not accompanied by convergence in opsin sensitivities. This system presents a case in which body color convergence can occur between sympatric species via different mechanisms.

ABSTRACT In most fishes, the number of offspring increases with maternal body size. Although this size‐fecundity relationship often varies among species as a result of the coevolution of life‐history traits, the genetic basis of such size‐fecundity relationships remains unclear. We explored the genetic basis underlying this size‐fecundity relationship in two small medaka species, Oryzias latipes and O. sakaizumii. Our findings showed that O. sakaizumii has a higher fecundity than O. latipes, and quantitative trait locus analysis using interspecific F2 hybrids showed that chromosome 23 is linked to the size‐fecundity relationship. In particular, the genes igf1 and lep‐b in this region are known to be associated with life‐history traits, including somatic growth, gonad maturation, and progeny numbers in various taxa. Because O. sakaizumii is distributed at higher latitudes and has a shorter spawning season than O. latipes in the wild, we propose that the relatively high fecundity observed in O. sakaizumii is an adaptation to high latitudes. We also discuss the potential ecological ramifications associated with the evolution of increased fecundity in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan ekstrakurikuler Pencak Silat di sekolah, dengan fokus pada peran terbentuknya Ikon Madiun Kampung Pesilat. Studi kualitatif ini dilakukan di SMAN 1 Dolopo, Kabupaten Madiun. Wawancara dilakukan kepada kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bidang sarana dan prasarana, bidang kurikulum, bidang kesiswaan, pembina ekstrakurikuler, dan siswa yang aktif mengikuti ekstrakurikuler pencak silat. Pengumpulan data fokus pada aspek pembinaan, kondisi sarana dan prasarana, pengelolaan keuangan, prestasi pencak silat, minat siswa, dan pencapaian ekstrakurikuler. Analisis tematik dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan dilakukan secara optimal, ikon Madiun Kampung Pesilat direspons oleh sekolah, guru pendamping ekstrakurikuler, dan pelatih secara positif yang ditunjukkan dengan kerja sama yang baik. Kondisi sarana dan prasarana berhubungan dengan pengelolaan keuangan, sekolah berupaya untuk melakukan pengadaan dan pemeliharaan yang optimal. Prestasi yang diraih oleh atlet tercatat mulai dari tingkat kabupaten sampai keikutsertaannya dalam kegiatan internasional. Minat siswa mengikuti ekstrakurikuler semakin terdukung dengan adanya upaya pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana serta prestasi yang dicapai sehingga memunculkan motivasi untuk berkembang. Indikator ekstrakurikuler ditentukan secara realistis mulai dari penerimaan siswa sampai pada capaian prestasi yang direncanakan. Disimpulkan bahwa ikon Madiun Kampung Pesilat telah berhasil memainkan perannya sebagai pendorong untuk sekolah, guru, pelatih, dan siswa dalam mengembangkan ekstrakurikuler pencak silat untuk lebih baik lagi.

Abstract Background This study investigates the impact of low food diversity on the health status of children using the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Dietary Serving Score (DSS) in a sub-district with the highest percentage of poor households. The economic burden of low food diversity was observed by analysing the cost of illness in the children with low food diversity. Methods Data from 329 children were collected. We determined the impact of DDS and DSS and other factors on the health status of children aged 2–14 years, using a probit model. The cost of illness (e.g., typhus, stomach ulcers, coughs, flu, and fever) due to low food diversity was calculated from medical registration fees, medical action costs, transportation costs, and other costs. Results The results shows that a 1% point increase in DDS or DSS potentially decreases children’s health complaints by 10% and 8%, respectively. Given the current 26% prevalence of health complaints among children with low DDS, the annual economic burden reaches US$75.72 per child per household. In addition, the current 41% prevalence of children with low DDS resulted in an annual cost to the government of US$153.45 per child. Conclusions The effect of inadequate dietary diversity on children’s health is potentially high and contributes to the economic burden on households and the government.

This study analyzes changes in household food consumption patterns and socio-economic demographic characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bali Province. This study uses secondary data collected by Statistics Indonesia, namely the National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas) data with the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) demand model. The results showed changes in household food consumption patterns during the pandemic. The average food expenditure per capita of the population decreased, while the average non-food expenditure per capita increased slightly. The average per capita food expenditure of residents in urban areas experienced a more significant decline compared to rural areas. The highest average per capita food expenditure increase occurred in the consumption of tubers, vegetables, and beans. In contrast, the highest decline occurred in the average per capita food expenditure on fruit, processed food, and meat commodities. Socio-demographic characteristics that significantly influence the share of household food expenditure are education of the household head, occupation of the household head, and household perception of food access. The price of own goods has a positive influence on the share of food consumption expenditure but will have a negative impact on the quantity of food consumption. The government can implement policies to achieve food self-sufficiency, particularly for grains and meat, by overseeing the availability of staple foods and the distribution of fruits and meats. Policies that assist low-income household groups in rural areas should also be prioritized.

The Indonesian food and beverage industry contributes significantly to the economy of the country. However, previous studies have shown that the industry has a high industrial concentration and price-cost margin (PCM). High industrial concentration can exert market power to set price levels and affect performance. In this context, favorable business cycle conditions have been proven to have the potential to improve industrial performance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of business cycle on the relationship between market structure and industrial performance. The study procedures were carried out using data obtained from food and beverage industry in Indonesia for the period 1990-2019. Panel cross-sectional data and instrumental variable methods were also used through a fixed-effect approach. The results showed that business cycle positively affected market structure, while industrial performance was positively affected by market structure. In addition, business cycle positively affected the effect of industrial performance on market structure, as well as the effect of market structure on industrial performance.

This study is of significant importance as it sheds light on the unique concept of harmony in the culture of Rote Island, Indonesia, and its potential for global application. The study, conducted between April and November 2021, revealed that Rote Island’s harmony concept offers notable advantages, such as cultural genuineness, durability, inclusiveness, and environmental consciousness. These findings are crucial for promoting global harmony while preserving local identities. The study’s framework, based on indigenous wisdom, provides essential insights for fostering unity on a larger scale, and the articulated policies emphasize the need for additional research and efforts to enhance understanding and practical implementation of this concept across diverse cultural settings. This research was conducted using a qualitative methodology between April and November 2021. The study employed interviews, observations, and documentation analysis to gain profound insights into the harmony concept of Rote Island. The study proposes that Rote Island’s notion of harmony can serve as a beneficial paradigm for promoting global harmony while preserving local identities. It emphasizes the need for additional research and efforts to enhance understanding and practical implementation of this concept across diverse cultural settings. The revised abstract incorporates the requested changes, including the importance of the work, key results, study time, framework, methods, and central policies.

Statistik sebagai materi pelajaran dari pelajaran matematika diajarkan sejak dari sekolah dasar. Statistik berperan penting dalam kemajuan suatu bangsa. Peran guru sebagai orang yang mentransfer pengetahuan kepada siswanya harus memperhatikan keragaman yang dimiliki oleh siswanya sehingga mampu menerapkan metode, model, dan strategi yang tepat dalam proses belajar mengajar. Banyak guru yang gagal dalam mengajarkan materi statistik di kelas VI sekolah dasar. Kegagalan ini disebabkan karena guru kurang memperhatikan keberagaman siswanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi alternatif bagaimana pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengajarkan pembelajaran materi statistik di kelas VI sekolah dasar. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan deskriptif kualitatif untuk memberikan gambaran secara menyeluruh mengenai bagaimana proses belajar di kelas dan hasil yang diperoleh dengan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran berdiferensiasi mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa terutama pada materi statistik di sekolah dasar. Hasil ini bisa dilihat dari nilai rata-rata siswa diawal yaitu 47,95 atau dalam kategori sangat rendah meningkat menjadi rata-rata 74,55 atau dalam kategori sedang.

Kurikulum Merdeka yang diterapkan pemerintah sejak tahun 2022 bertujuan untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada sekolah untuk melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran sesuai dengan potensi dan keunggulan mereka. Penelitian ini menawarkan kontribusi baru dengan pendekatan sistematis dalam meninjau berbagai studi terkait implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di sekolah dasar serta memungkinkan identifikasi praktik terbaik dan strategi yang efektif, yang dapat diterapkan di berbagai konteks. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah systematic literature review, yang bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif dan kritis penelitian yang ada terkait implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di sekolah dasar di Indonesia. Artikel yang digunakan adalah periode publikasi terbaru 2022-2024. Masalah umum yang sering muncul dalam penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka: (1) Guru belum paham secara menyeluruh mengenai Kurikulum Merdeka; (2) Kurangnya kompetensi guru dalam mengajar, dan; (3) Kurangnya dukungan sarana dan prasaran untuk proses pembelajaran guru. Solusi yang ditawarkan dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Guru bisa mengikuti pelatihan atau workshop untuk bisa memahami penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka dan mengembangkan metode, model, dan strategi pembelajaran; (2) Kolaborasi antar guru baik secara personal ke personal atau dalam forum Kelompok Kerja Guru atau melalui organisasi profesi guru; (3) Koordinasi semua stake holder dalam sosialisasi pelaksanaan dan evaluasi Kurikulum Merdeka; (4) Pelibatan guru dalam pengembangan kurikulum, dan; (5) Peran aktif stake holder dan orang tua murid dalam penyediaan sarana dan prasarana.

Abstract Background By 2022, the Government of Indonesia had successfully eliminated malaria in 389 out of 514 districts but continues to face a challenge in Eastern Indonesia where 95% of the total 2021 malaria cases were reported from Papua, West Papua and Nusa Tenggara Timur provinces. There is an increased recognition that malaria elimination will require a better understanding of the human behavioural factors hindering malaria prevention and treatment, informed by local context and local practice. Methods This research used a light-touch immersion research approach. Field researchers lived in communities over several days to gather data through informal conversations, group-based discussions using visual tools, participant observation and direct experience. The study was conducted in four high malaria endemic areas in Papua, West Papua, and Sumba Islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur. Results The research highlights how people’s perception of malaria has changed since the introduction of effective treatment which, in turn, has contributed to a casual attitude towards early testing and adherence to malaria treatment. It also confirms that people rarely accept there is a link between mosquitoes and malaria based on their experience but nevertheless take precautions against the annoyance of mosquitoes. There is widespread recognition that babies and small children, elderly and incomers are more likely to be seriously affected by malaria and separately, more troubled by mosquitoes than indigenous adult populations. This is primarily explained by acclimatization and strong immune systems among the latter. Conclusions Using immersion research enabled behaviour research within a naturalistic setting, which in turn enabled experiential-led analysis of findings and revealed previously unrecognized insights into attitudes towards malaria in Eastern Indonesia. The research provides explanations of people’s lack of motivation to consistently use bed nets, seek early diagnosis or complete courses of treatment. The felt concern for the wellbeing of vulnerable populations highlighted during light touch immersion provides an entry point for future social behaviour change communication interventions. Rather than trying to explain transmission to people who deny this connection, the research concludes that it may be better to focus separately on the two problems of malaria and mosquitoes (especially for vulnerable groups) thereby resonating with local people’s own experience and felt concerns.

This study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education and social media use on students' entrepreneurial interest using the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Social Media Use Theory approaches. This study used a survey method with a quantitative research approach, involving 139 student respondents from Semarang City, Indonesia, through an online questionnaire. The data analysis techniques used were Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicated a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurship education, social media, and students' entrepreneurial intention. Thus, based on the principles of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Social Media Use Theory, entrepreneurship education provided understanding, skills, and support to consider self-employment as a career. In contrast, social media provides access to information, social interaction, motivation, role model influence, and norms that support entrepreneurship, creating an ecosystem that supports students' entrepreneurial intentions.

Abstract The plantation sector is a sector that has an important and strategic role in development. This is reflected in the role of the plantation sector as a provider of employment opportunities, meeting the domestic industry's needs for consumption and raw materials and achieving added value through increased competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the effect of the real exchange rate and volatility on Indonesia's leading plantation export commodities to trade partner countries from 1997 to 2016. The research method used is the estimated gravity model with fixed or random effects. The results showed that the exchange rate and volatility positively and negatively affected plantation exports. Thus, the Government must adopt policies to increase the competitiveness of domestic products and anticipate competition between domestic exporters. In addition, exchange rate stabilization policies are needed to control volatility to reduce uncertainty's impact on Indonesia's plantation exports. Keywords: Exchange Rate, Leading Estate Crops, Export, Panel Data, Gravity Model

Religion has long been associated with peace, compassion, and noble human values. Meanwhile, conflicts involving religious differences continue to occur in Indonesia. This research investigated the behavior and interactions of religious communities in Malang, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach with participatory observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The Social Capital theory of Pierre Bourdieu, which does not distinguish between the roles of actors and structures, was used to assess the social interaction in interfaith communication. The results indicated that religious communities can coexist harmoniously, as induced by local wisdom as cultural capital and inheritance. The religious community, including Muslims, Hindus, and Christians, believe they originated from the same ancestor. Even in the same family, people from different religions coexist harmoniously. This study contributes to the role of community leaders as charismatic, traditional, and legal actors that should not be underestimated in creating harmonious interactions through local cultural events. These community leaders can provide their communities with direction and assist them in avoiding conflicts. Finally, Harmony based on regional knowledge will lead to lasting peace.

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the short and long-term transmission of rice prices at the farmer and consumer levels in West Java Province. This study uses monthly data on rice prices at the producer (farmer) and consumer levels from 2014–2020 in West Java Province, Indonesia. Meanwhile, the method used in this study is Error Correction Model regression. The results show the existence of market integration and asymmetry in the vertical transmission of rice prices between farmers and consumers, both in the short and long term. The causes of asymmetric price transmission are the presence of uncompetitive behavior or abuse of market power among intermediary traders, especially in concentrated markets, as well as adjustment costs and menu costs. Therefore, the government needs to monitor rice prices regularly to ensure consumer affordability and profitability for farmers. In addition, the government must also have accurate information to identify irregularities or abuse of market power. Furthermore, the government needs to create policies encouraging the involvement of regionally-owned enterprises, the central government, and the private sector in the rice trading sector.

Framework of Convention for Tobacco Control is the international regime and norm that provides regulation for cigarette and tobacco industries in global level. Indonesia has its narrative in declining FCTC ratification proposal. This study attempts to describe Indonesian interest and sovereignty as part of third world country over FCTC as international regime. The method uses analytical descriptive with qualitative approach using sovereignty, international regime compliance, and national interest concept in the framework of international regime. In addition, dependency theory is also used to emphasize the relationship between Indonesia and FCTC. The main reason of Indonesian narrative against FCTC agenda is historical roots with national heritage and the tobacco industry contribution to Indonesia economy. In other words, iobacco products in Indonesia is no longer concern of health issues, but also the economy and culture. Beside that, Indonesia position is in line with sovereignty principle that apply also for US and Switzerland as the country which do not ratify FCTC in its national regulation on tobacco. The elaboration of this research is divided into two parts. The research found that the FCTC are not that harmful to the business of international cigarette company such as Phillip Morris International, it even creates a new business opportunity for them. The FCTC also believed to form a dependency relationship, where the industry of developing country such as Indonesia is dependent on the global interest which is mostly sponsored by developed country to be able to grow.

AbstractBeing the main food commodity, the dynamics of rice prices is one of the most important issues for Indonesian economy. The prices at the retail level and at the farm level are influenced not only by the demand and supply in each of these markets but also by price behavior at the wholesale market. This study aims to analyse the dynamics of the relationship and behaviour of the prices of various varieties and qualities of rice in the wholesale market. The dynamics of rice prices are investigated by employing multivariate vector error correction model (VECM) and using daily price series at wholesale level during the period of 1 October 2014 until 12 February 2018. The results show a strong price relationship between premium-quality rice and medium-quality rice and between medium-quality rice and low-quality rice. Changes in the price of premium-quality rice and changes in the price of low-quality rice will have a large influence on the price of medium quality rice, but not vice versa. Furthermore, regarding the price stabilization policy, the results suggested that the policies aimed at regulating medium-quality rice prices are estimated to have relatively weak effects on the prices of premium-quality rice and low-quality rice.

Redigobius fotuno sp. nov., described from a limestone sinkhole on Muna Island, Southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, is most similar to Redigobius penango (Popta 1922), endemic to the Sulawesi mainland, both species having a robust body and rounded head, reticular body color pattern, and longitudinal suborbital papillae rows. However, the new species is distinguished from the latter in having greater head length (35.3–38.4% of standard length [SL]), upper jaw length (14.7–20.0% of SL) and predorsal length (43.4–46.0% of SL), and a slender pelvic disc with thin frenum (length: 21.7–26.2% of SL; base width: 4.2–6.3% of SL). These unique morphological characters of R. fotuno sp. nov. may be related to the limnetic habitat of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative human resources are becoming urgent amidst development in recent decades. The television industry has been one that faces the challenge with the emergence of new platforms offering variety and ease of information. Hence this study aims to test the direct effect of perceived organizational support on employee creativity and the mediation role of the meaning of work. This study was conducted on Net Mediatama Television, a private television company, specifically among employees working in the content department, since this division constantly needs creativity to develop concepts and create a broadcast program. Data from 70 respondents were collected through online questionnaires and analyzed with the PLS technique. The results confirmed that perceived organizational support and meaning of work are relevant factors that directly stimulate and enhance employee creativity. The mediating role of work meaning for perceived organizational support and creativity was also proven significant. This indicates that employees who get organizational support have a strong meaning towards work so that their level of creativity increases. Based on these findings, organizations can formulate strategic steps to increase employee creativity by focusing on organizational support and meaningfulness in work.