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The purpose of this study was to assess the properties of nano-iron loaded biosorbent produced from Mespilus germanica L. fruits seed biochar (MGLfsB) powder, as well as the adsorption/desorption properties of two commonly used dyes; Methyl Blue (MB), and malachite green (MG). Mespilus germanica L. fruits seed biochar (nM-MGLfsB) was produced and used as a biosorbent to remove MB and MG from the solution. SEM and FT-IR analysis were used to characterize the prepared nM-MGLfsB. Temperature (303–333 K), pH (2.0–9.0), initial dye concentration (5–200 mg/L), nM-MGLfsB mass (0.1–0.9 g) and contact time (15–240 min) were all tested in batches to see how they influenced adsorption. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Scatchard, and Temkin models were used to analyze the equilibrium adsorption data. The Langmuir isotherm properly represented the adsorption data, and the saturated maximum removal of nM-MGLfsB determined using this model was 13.09 mg/g for MB and 28.33 mg/g for MG. For MB, nM-MGLfsB had a ΔS⁰ value of 63.974 and a ΔH⁰ value of 8.05; for MG, the values were 49.660 and 3.490, respectively. The results indicate that the nM-MGLfsB can effectively overcome the limitations of using nano-iron alone and achieve highly efficient dyes removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sr2Mg(BO3)2 was prepared by a solution combustion method at 900 °C for 6 hour in air. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern of Sr2Mg(BO3)2 is in agreement with the ICDD File No: 01-076-9795. The particle morphology of the adsorbent was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average size of particles is about 3–10 µm. The Congo red dye was removed from aqueous solution using Sr2Mg(BO3)2. The effect of time, initial concentration, pH, temperature and dosage on adsorption were investigated. The Freundlich model fitted according to equilibrium data and maximum adsorption capacity is 886.952 mg/g. According to theories of pseudo-second-order kinetics, the removal procedure involves chemical adsorption. According to the thermodynamic data, negative ΔG values indicated that adsorption of Sr2Mg(BO3)2 occurred spontaneously and negative ΔH values, the adsorption process was exothermic. Sr2Mg(BO3)2 is a useable material for Congo red dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pre-treatment process was evaluated in this work for wastewater from paper recycling using microwave technology followed by rapid precipitation of contaminants through centrifugation. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to analyze and optimize the turbidity values. Thirty experimental runs were utilized including microwave (MW) power, duration, centrifuge time, and centrifuge speed as input variables, generated by the Central Composite Full Design (CCFD) approach. The experimental turbidity ranged from 8.1 to 19.7 NTU, while predicted values ranged from 8.4 to 19.7 NTU by ANN. The ANN model showed a robust prediction performance with low mean squared error values during training and testing. Moreover, high R² values showed a remarkable agreement between the experimental observations and ANN predictions. The results obtained from the input values (A:150.00, B:60.00, C:15.00, D:30.00) of sample 2, which gave the lowest turbidity value, showed the most removal of pollution. The results obtained from the input values (A:250.00, B:60.00, C:7.00, D:20.00) of sample 30, which gave the highest turbidity value, showed the least removal of pollution. The results showed that increasing RPM and time of the centrifugation process significantly affected the removal of pollution in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, increasing dyes pollution is of great importance for life. Leaving the dyes used in industries such as textiles without being discharged pollutes other water sources. In order to prevent this, different methods are used in the literature. In this study, SrAl2B2O7, a borate metal, was used to remove methyl blue (MB), an anionic dye, by batch adsorption method. Strontium aluminoborate (SrAl2B2O7) was prepared using a solution combustion method at 950 °C for 4 h in air. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The particle morphology of the adsorbent was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). By using N2 adsorption–desorption, the Brunnauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET) specific surface area was found to be 1.9578 m2 g−1. The surface charge of the dye-adsorbed SrAl2B2O7 was determined based on zeta-potential measurements. Langmuir (R2=0.9897), Freundlich (R2=0.985), Dubinin & Radushkevic (R2=0.976), Scatchard (R2=0.881), Temkin & Pyzhev (R2=0.978) isotherms were calculated in the study. SrAl2B2O7 showed good adsorption performance for methyl blue (MB) with maximum adsorption capacities of 29.069 mg g−1 (Langmuir). Adsorption processes were also studied in detail. Thermodynamic and kinetic models; pseudo-first-order (R2=0.415), pseudo-second-order (R2=0.999), Elovich (R2=0.968) showed that adsorption using SrAl2B2O7 in MB removal is endothermic and pseudo-second order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyes are frequently used in industries such as textile, leather, paper and printing, to water sources causes harmful effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively remove colored contaminants from water in order to protect the environment and public health, maintain biodiversity and preserve the esthetic aspects of water resources. In this study, wood chips obtained from Pinus brutia (PB) tree grown in many parts of the world were turned into biochar and then modified and used for the removal of malachite green, a cationic dye. For this purpose, biochar (PBB) was made by collecting PB wood and turning it into chips (PB). Later, PBB was modified to gain nano-magnetic properties. The structure of the obtained PBB and nM-PBB adsorbents was characterized by FT-IR. pH (2–9), temperature (25 °C–55 °C), time change (15 min-240 min), adsorbent amount change (0.05 g–0.45g) and MG concentration (25 mg/L–250 mg/L) were investigated in MG removal of PBB and nM-PBB. The process was found to be pseudo-second-order and spontaneous endothermic reaction. PBB and nM-PBB were found to be suitable for Langmuir isotherm in MG removal (qmax=13.004 mg/g for PBB, qmax=18.215 mg/g for nM-PBB). Various adsorbents are used to remove different substances from water. The use of pinus brutia tree, which is a biochar product, in the removal of malachite green dyes from aqueous solutions has not been found in the literature. The findings revealed that Pinus brutia could be used to extract malachite green, a cationic dyestuff. Pinus brutia is a widely distributed, easy-to-access, low-cost species with many uses. Our study, in which Pinus brutian is used as an adsorbent, will contribute to the literature in this respect, and its use in the removal of different anionic and cationic dyes will be discussed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the importance of materials produced by natural means or by synthesis is increasing in the prevention of increasing water pollution. Sophora Japonica fruit seeds (SJfs) were pyrolyzed at 450 °C to produce SJfs-biochar (SJfsB) in this study. Iron nanoparticles were immobilized to the SJfsB structure to form a more active biosorbent matrix. SJfsB and the resulting novel biosorbent (nanomagnetic-Sophora Japonica fruit seeds biochar (nM-SJfsB) were used to remove malachite green (MG) from an aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy were used to elucidate the details of the biosorbent properties. The effect on removal was investigated using various parameters. A combined strategy was used to define the adsorption parameters such as adsorbent amount, time, initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity determined by the Langmuir model was 51.020 mg/g for SJfsB-MG and 101.010 mg/g was found for nM-SJfsB-MG. The pseudo second order equation made the equilibrium data suitable. After regeneration, nM-SJfsB can be used for re-adsorption studies and reused for multiple cycles in adsorption and desorption applications without discharging nano-iron particles into aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemp oil is an oil used for different purposes around the world. In this study, hemp oil with different properties was microencapsulated by complex coacervation method in an experiment set formed with gelatin (GE) and sodium alginate (ALG). Stirring speed, temperature and surfactant concentration were chosen as input factors and the relationship between percent encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was investigated. The obtained results were optimized to maximize and the release properties in hexane medium were investigated. In the results obtained, the p value of the lack-of-fit was found to be 0.060. Since p>0.050, the data matches the model created. Maximize optimized results were calculated as 63.491% at 1460.310 rpm stirring speed, 56.897 ℃ temperature and 0.827% w/v surfactant concentration, and it was found to be 62.780% in the experiment. Obtained microcapsules were characterized by FT-IR, optical microscope and SEM devices. When the optical microscope images were examined, it was determined that the microcapsules were smooth and round in shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds found in plants have an unstable structure and can easily exhibit degradation reactions in external environmental factors. It is important to protect these active ingredients from environmental conditions. The encapsulation process emerges as an effective solution to this situation. In this study, microencapsulation studies of quinoa plant extract, which is known to have useful active ingredients, were carried out. Microcapsules loaded with quinoa extract (QE) were prepared by the complex coacervation method using two natural polymers, gelatin, and gum Arabic, as wall material. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the conditions for encapsulation efficiency. The encapsulation efficiency of the microencapsulated quinoa extract (MQE) was investigated in terms of three variables: stirring speed, core material amount, and surfactant concentration. The highest efficiency obtained as a result of experiments was found at 70.895%. Morphological analysis images of the microcapsules confirmed the capsule structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the interaction between gelatin and gum Arabic and similarities in the quinoa extract and microcapsule bands showed that the extract was encapsulated. Thermogravimetric analysis results also proved the thermal stability of microcapsules. The microcapsules obtained with the experimental design formulation were observed to have general sizes of ∼4–120µ. Quinoa extract containing phenolic compounds was microencapsulated. The effects of three different variables (mixing speed, core material amount, and surfactant concentration) on encapsulation efficiency were investigated. The highest encapsulation efficiency was obtained at 1500 rpm, 5.00 g core material amount, and 0.5% surfactant concentration, and the yield was achieved at 70.895%. Microcapsules were prepared under optimum conditions in the reaction surface methodology and the obtained microcapsules were characterized morphologically and chemically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batch sorption experiments were performed to investigate the potential of Bauhinia variagata fruit (BVf) and nano-magnetic Bauhinia variagata fruit (nM-BVf) to remove methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG). Equilibrium studies have been carried out using various experimental parameters such as the amount of biosorbent, initial solution concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Scatchard, D-R and Temkin adsorption models were applied for the experimental information of MB and MG. The Freundlich model fits better than the Langmuir model. Freundlich model confirmed the magnificent dye sorption ability; 19.3 mg/g for BVf/MB, 21.2 mg/g for nM-BVf/MB, 19.7 mg/g for BVf/MG, and 30.1 mg/g for nM-BVf/MG. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model displayed a more suitable behavior to the experimental result for the removal of MG and MB. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔGo), enthalpy (ΔHo), and entropy (ΔSo) were investigated and the fine details in the adsorption system were completed. The conclusion from this study is that the prepared nano biosorbent can be efficient for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. Novelty statement This novel biodegradable biosorbent (nanomagnetic-Bauhinia variagata fruits (nM-Vf)) has many different functional groups to bind methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. The method to introducing magnetic form is well defined and provided an astronomically enormous capacity for the sorption of the dyes. It has a great capacity to adsorb dyes compared to other biosorbents applied by a different researcher. This nano-magnetic form of the biosorbent can be easily applied to wastewater system and has a lower price. Since it is a starter and a new biosorbent applied in the literature, it can be cited by a sizable number of researchers when published. The young researcher is trying to develop a new magnetic biosorbent for seperation techniques. Hence, this new biosorbent can be referenced by them as it is to prepare and apply for laboratory work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractIn this study, biochar and magnetic biochar were used to remove methylene blue from the aqueous solution. This study also presents the preparation of biochar and magnetic biochar. Biochar and magnetic biochar used as adsorbent substances were obtained from loquat seeds (Eriobotrya japonica). The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized using SEM-EDS, BET, XRD and FT-IR. The effects of pH, time, amount of biochar and magnetic biochar, initial methylene blue (MnB) concentration and temperature were investigated. The sorption of MnB on biochar of Eriobotrya japonica seeds (b-ER) and iron-modified (mb-ER) is an endothermic process. R2 values, calculated and experimental adsorption capacity values were compared (R2 = 0.992 b-ER-MnB and R2=0.983 mb-ER-MnB) b-ER and for mb-ER the MnB adsorption process was found to fit the pseudo-second order-kinetic model. It was found to be more suitable for Langmuir adsorption isotherms when the adsorption isotherms were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity was 40.650 ± 2.036 mg/g for b-ER-MnB and 81.697 ± 4.085 mg/g for mb-ER-MnB. According to the results obtained, mb-ER can be used effectively in the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, high efficiency vitamin E microencapsulation was aimed with the complex coacervation method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the microencapsulation efficiency of vitamin E. The microencapsulation efficiency of microencapsulated vitamin E was investigated in terms of two variables, including the amount of core material and surfactant concentration (SDS). According to the RSM results, the experimental condition with the highest efficiency (93.42%) was found in 4.00 g of core material and 0.50% surfactant in the experiment set. Morphological and chemical analyzes of microcapsules were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, encapsulation was performed with complex coacervation method in an experimental set created with Karabas herb oil response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment set was created by entering three independent variables (core material amount, surfactant concentration, stirring speed) in RSM. The encapsulation efficiency (EV%) was calculated from the produced samples. The experimental efficiencies found were analyzed by entering RSM as a response response. The model reached as a result of RSM analysis was significant (p <0,05), R² value was 99,15%, and lack-of-fit p value was found as 0,217 (p>0,05). The collected data indicated that three independent variables entered in RSM affect the response response EV%. Samples produced from the experimental set were characterized under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The vast majority of the images obtained were observed in micron (10-6) and a small amount of nano (10-9) in size. It is believed that the study will be an important step in the encapsulation of karabaş herb oil, which has a wide range of economic value, and different application areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]