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This study analyzes the significance of the leverage ratio on the efficiency of banking companies with the aim of assessing the readiness and suitability of banking companies in facing the implementation of Basel 4 or Basel 3.1. Data from 47 banking companies in Indonesia from the period 2008 to 2023 were used as material for this study. The data used in the research were analyzed using the Dynamic Stochastic Frontier (DSF) method. This method allows for more accurate efficiency analysis by avoiding assumptions of technology at different times. The researchers hypothesize that banking companies with a leverage ratio level higher than the minimum limit applied in BASEL have better efficiency, and the results of this study show corresponding results within the leverage ratio limit of 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst reusable and sustainable, the age‐old construction technique of rammed earth is also labour intensive in its compacting and tamping, and therefore expensive. The contemporary building industry consequently shies away from it. Tobias Bonwetsch, co‐founder of Zurich‐based sustainable construction start‐up Rematter, and Tobias Huber of ZPF Ingenieure in Basel, describe their research into combining earth with locally sourced renewable timber and an automated manufacturing process to produce composite floor slabs that use the strengths and advantages of each material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth entails economic stability, and economic stability is also in the midst of stabilizing the rates and financial health that comes. Reaching this point requires monitoring the correct functioning of market factors. Therefore, the supervision of banking and monetary operations as an important part of the financial markets of the countries is a major concern of all governments. However, the conditions and limits of this monitoring are the subject of long discussions. In this paper, an analytical descriptive method has been used to examine the status of banking supervision and its adaptation to Basel's principles as a reliable international instrument. It is found that banking supervision in Iran for capital adequacy, validation, transparency of banks performance and authority of the supervisory authority are weak and It does not have the protective shield to deal with financial crises and potential misuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article used machine learning (ML) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms to predict the likelihood of a country being sanctioned by the Basel Institute on Governance for not adhering to anti-money laundering (AML) standards. Data for this paper came from the Basel AML Index and the World Bank. The results showed that the logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers had the highest performance and balanced accuracy scores in sanction prediction. Additionally, these two algorithms also had the highest precision, specificity, and F1 scores, indicating that they were robust in their predictions of money laundering sanctions. In contrast to the ML classifiers, the ANN model had the highest sensitivity and receiver operating characteristic scores for money laundering sanctions. The strongest predictors of sanctions are financial transparency, political and legal risks, unemployment rate, and money laundering and terrorist financing risks. These findings reinforce the potential practical applications of ML and ANN models in predicting sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The relationship between the Reformation movement and print media has long fascinated scholars, yet much of the focus has centered on renowned figures, often overlooking local lay protagonists. This article shifts the spotlight onto one such unsung figure: Pamphilus Gengenbach, a Basel writer, printer, and publisher. Gengenbach, a fervent supporter of political and religious reform, emerged as a leading advocate of Protestant thought in Basel. His aggressive promotion of the vernacular and his adept use of intertextual references to contemporary debates and events reveal a sophisticated grasp of print media’s potential beyond mere dissemination. Leveraging his experience as an author, printer, and publisher, Gengenbach engaged his audience effectively, translating and transmitting Protestant teachings with remarkable impact. This article asserts that Gengenbach’s strategic communication and local influence were instrumental in paving the way for the Basel Reformation, underscoring the vital role of grassroots actors in the Reformation’s success.

The article analyses the theatre of Sixt Birck, an evangelical teacher of the Reformation era, within educational and practical pedagogical background of the period. It is proved that in Basel, when school reform was in process, Birck, having studied Melanchthon’s commentaries on Terence and Quintilian’s theory of imitation and become familiar with city theatrical performances, formulated his own original pedagogical view on theatre. It united widespread ideas of ethical nurturing and encouraged theatrical practice (not reading of dramas). This was quite unusual for humanists and seemed to be connected to the special role of the St. Theodor school in Kleinbasel. However, after moving to his native city of Augsburg, Birck had to adapt his theatre to new cultural circumstances and educational aims. Since the programme of St. Anna gymnasium was planned as a quasi-university structure with special focus on law, history and languages, school performances allowed it to synthetically combine different skills and knowledge. Besides, the theatre was aimed at inspiring pupils to learn. However, after 8 years of successful practice Birck’s curriculum with its explicit theatrical component was banned. Despite his unfortunate career, his dramas were quite influential and his ideas may be seen as precursors of those of Jan Amos Comenius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The workshop »Digital Research in Old Norse Studies: Data Management and Infrastructure Needs« was held at the University of Basel from 5th to 8th October 2022, bringing together renowned experts in Digital Old Norse Studies and research institutions to discuss the potential and challenges of the field’s digitization. The workshop aimed to identify common problems and discuss possible future collaborations. Discussions focused on various aspects of digitization, including access to digital resources, the use of research tools, and the long-term archiving of data. The importance of developing a joint strategy to meet the challenges of digitization was emphasized. A major outcome of the workshop was the establishment of a research group, which will focus on networking, promoting standards, and preserving digital data.

Objective Today, there is widespread acceptance and emphasis on the role, function, and importance of regulation across all economic sectors, as encapsulated by theories of "regulation" and "regulatory governance." Within various economic sectors, banking regulation has been identified as particularly critical due to its inherent fragility. In addition, pursuing liberalization of financial and banking services, by deregulation and eliminating the current contradictory regulations, is found to be vital. The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), as an entity for the expansion of free trade, including financial and banking services, is based on the same fundamentals. In this study, we seek to determine whether Iran's existing banking regulations could potentially hinder its accession to the WTO. Our investigation also tries to ascertain whether the WTO's legal framework mandates the adoption of specific levels of banking regulation. Ultimately, taking a broader perspective, we aim to describe and analyze the compatibility between these two seemingly contradictory concepts--regulation and liberalization. Methods In this article, which constitutes a qualitative legal study, we employed an analytical- descriptive approach as our research methodology. While the predominant approach in the first two parts is the descriptive method, the third part has a complete analytical approach. From a goal-oriented viewpoint, while our first two parts can be described as implied research, the last part has a fundamental approach. Results The research outcomes reveal that Iran's current banking regulatory framework does not pose a barrier to its potential membership in the international organization. Specifically, while regulations more stringent than those established by the Basel Committee may hinder accession, the absence of such strict measures or non-compliance with Basel standards is not viewed as a hindrance. Additionally, it's noteworthy that the organization's legal framework does not mandate the adoption of any specific level of regulation, providing flexibility in this regard. The research findings also indicate that regulation can follow different types of objectives (including pursuing domestic goals, maintaining domestic and international financial stability, and liberalizing financial services trade) hence there is no conceptual contradiction between these two mentioned notions. Conclusion Our analysis uncovered no conflicts between the concepts of regulation and liberalization, either in terms of their conceptual compatibility or within the legal framework of the World Trade Organization. The lack of exact compliance between Iran's banking regulations and the standards of the Basel Committee, will not act as an obstacle to the country's accession to the World Trade Organization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting polychrome illustrations in manuscripts into a woodcut format was a challenge for the pioneers of early alchemical prints, and various strategies were developed to address these issues, which encompassed both technical and content matters. An examination of the picture programs of the early sixteenth-century alchemical prints from Basel held in the Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica reveals various editing and printing strategies. Affected are technical representations like ovens and other devices with a long tradition, as well as series of alchemical allegories. Some of the series had a long reception including reprints in the 18th century, while others have fallen almost into oblivion – not least because woodcuts were replaced by copperplate engravings with new design possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article searchs to present resonates with my experience with Mary of Nazareth, based on the missionary journey that is part of the thirty-year history of theological formation that developed with women from different classes and ethnicities. The Marian theology on which I base myself permeates a narrative methodological perspective as a way of theologizing life and worship, starting from Sacred Scripture and experiences. To explain this theme, it starts from the principle of Mary´s humble origins in Nazareth. Mary, as an Anawin of Israel, a poor woman, member of a people who waited for the coming of the Messiah, committed to justice and the salvation foretold, inspires all women in all times to occupy their space in the theology and ministry of the Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peter Luder (ca. 1410/1420 - 1472), often considered today as an early German humanist, wrote his major poem Elegia ad Panphilam in 1460. He sent it to Frederick I, Count Palatine of the Rhine, in an attempt to gain financial support, claiming that the beloved puella in his poem represented Frederick himself. Later, Luder used the elegy in his lectures at the universities of Leipzig and Basel. This article presents a critical edition of the Elegia ad Panphilam, a Latin love elegy in the tradition of classical antiquity, supplemented with an apparatus of glosses and a commentary as well as a German translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 2022 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (Pdm3) the next year's meeting was scheduled from 29 March to 1 April 2023. Despite the worsening evolution of the crisis in Eastern Europe, the program was confirmed in autumn 2022 with Scientific Sessions that will take place over three full days in the Aula Guariento of the Galileian Academy of Arts, Letters and Sciences of Padua (March 29, 2023) and then at the Conference Room of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. Collected during autumn and early winter, many titles and abstracts where submitted (about 100 Oral presentations are listed in the preliminary Program by January 31, 2023) confirming attractiveness of the 2023 Pdm3. The four days will include oral presentations of scientists and clinicians from Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Mongolia, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands and USA. Together with the preliminary Program at January 31, 2023, the Collection of Abstracts is e-published in this Issue 33 (1) 2023 of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM). You are invited to join, submitting your Last Minute Abstracts to ugo.carraro@unipd.it by March 15, 2023. Furthermore, with the more generous deadline of May 20, 2023, submit please "Communications" to the European Journal of Translational Myology (SCOPUS Cite Score Tracker 2023: 3.2 by January 5, 2023) and/or to the 2023 Special Issue: "Pdm3" of the Journal Diagnostics, MDPI, Basel (I.F. near to 4.0) with deadline September 30, 2023. Both journals will provide discounts to the first accepted typescripts. See you soon at the Hotel Petrarca of Montegrotto Terme, Padua, Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2023 Padua Days of Muscle and Mobility Medicine (Pdm3) are scheduled from March 29th to April 1st, 2023. The abstracts collected during autumn and early winter of 2022 were epublished in the issue 33 (1) 2023 of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM). Now the last-minute abstracts are reported here (100 Oral presentations are listed in the final Program). All together they confirm the interest of very different international specialists, filling the four days of 2023Pdm3. Indeed, scientists and clinicians from Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Mongolia, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands and USA will gather to the Hotel Petrarca of Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, Italy. The apparent heterogeneity of the specialists, collectively raccolti under the umbrella of the Mobility Medicine neologism is stressed by the need to extend the Sections of the 2023 Editorial Borad of EJTM also here reported. We hope that Speakers of the 2023 Pdm3 and readers of EJTM will submit "Communications" to the European Journal of Translational Myology by May 20, 2023 and/or to the 2023 Special Issue: "Pdm3" of the Journal Diagnostics, MDPI, Basel, Switzerland with deadline September 30, 2023. See you soon at the Hotel Petrarca of Montegrotto Terme, Padua, Italy. For a promo of the 2023 Pdm3 link to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC02D4uPWRg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to locate globality in Basel's urban society during the emergence of capitalism (1670–1780). It seeks to globalize patrimonial historiography and local history by "inverting the telescope" as micro-historians have suggested. It analyzes how the leading actors in a Swiss city situated on the borders of France and the Holy Roman Empire participated in the new capitalism and positioned their society within a new global geography increasingly shaped by an Atlantic beyond the empires. To do so, it asks how the city's cosmopolitan elite bonded locally and acted globally in times of accelerated economic and social transformation. Exploring people who capitalized social, economic, and political borders deepens our understanding of the multi-layered process of early globalization and contributes to the new history of capitalism. The micro-global focus on Basel's specific locality illuminates the conceptual potential for global history in the nexus between war capitalism and global capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes an economic framework recognising EaD as a stochastic variable and capturing the PD–LGD, PD–EaD and LGD–EaD correlations. It explains how these correlations can be estimated from historical data, and how PD, LGD and EaD can then be simulated in determining credit VaR. The framework allows credit losses to be more accurately captured, both in terms of the expected credit losses (ECL under IFRS-9 and CECL) and the unexpected tail events in measuring Credit VaR. The framework quantifies the potential underestimation of the tail risk in Credit VaR and the IFRS-9 ECL if the full correlation structure is not captured. By explicitly modelling EaD in a correlated fashion with PD and LGD, lenders can understand and model the increase in funding requirements during downturns. Application in back-testing IFRS-9 ECL is discussed and supplemented by a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) can boost sustainable development by providing a green energy supply, although they usually require the hydraulic stimulation of the reservoir to increase fluid flow and energy efficiency due to the low rock permeability at the required depths. The injection of fluids for hydraulic stimulation implies several risks, for instance, induced seismicity. In this work, we perform numerical simulations to evaluate the seismic risk in terms of fault reactivation, earthquake magnitude, and rupture propagation. The computational model includes the fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical equations and simulates faults as frictional contacts governed by rate-and-state friction laws. We apply our methodology to the Basel EGS project as a continuation of our previous work, employing the same parameters and conditions. Our results demonstrate that permeability stimulation is not only related to induced seismicity but also can induce a thermal decline of the reservoir over the years and during the energy production. The proposed methodology can be a useful tool to simulate induced earthquakes and the long-term operation of EGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As in many areas of international law, the virus of fragmentation has now permeated the zeitgeist of international banking regulation. As a result, one of the largest pieces of regulation, the Basel III framework, hangs in the balance as it awaits implementation. This study assesses the financial sectors of both developed and emerging economies with an aim to determine which countries are more likely to spread the virus so that it can be stopped before becoming a pandemic. We find that a specific set of countries are most likely to do just that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to provide more empirical evidence on the impact of the capital adequacy ratio, as well as control and micro variables, on the financial stability of commercial banks in emerging markets such as Vietnam. The study analyzes the impact of the capital adequacy ratio on the financial stability of 18 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2010–2020 using the Generalized method of moments (GMM) model. Empirical research results show that the capital adequacy ratio has a positive correlation with the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks during the study period. Besides, the study also uses control variables such as Profitability through ROA and ROE, Bank Size (SIZE), Loans to Assets Ratio (LTA), Deposits to Assets Ratio (DTA), and Loan Loss Ratio (LLR), to analyze their impact on the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. Based on the above results, the study proposes some policy implications to enhance the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks using the capital adequacy ratio and the control variables from the GMM model that are statistically significant. The paper also pointed out four limitations of the study in terms of data, research samples, methods and research models, so that further research can be more complete. AcknowledgmentThe author wishes to acknowledge support from the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City. This research was made possible thanks to all valuable support from relevant stakeholders.

This study deals with Bohemian and Moravian students at five Reformed institutes of higher learning in the territory of current Germany and Switzerland in the period of 1575--1620. In particular, it traces their presence at universities in Basel, Heidelberg, and Marburg, and academies in Herborn and Geneva. Each of the selected institutions is introduced in a cameo, which in addition to a brief history of the school mentions also the most important professors in relation to Bohemian and Moravian scholars. This is followed by an analysis of the two groups, i.e., the Bohemian and Moravian scholars, whereby the author follows two factors: social background of the matriculated scholars and changes in peregrination over time. Data pertaining to the individual institutions are then compared and analysed in a separate summary chapter. The study also includes revised lists of Bohemian and Moravian students at the selected schools during the period of interest, i.e., 1575--1620. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work the relationship between the Selic rate and some bank parameters defined by the so-called Basel Accords is studied. The cross-correlation between the Selic rate and the parameters is used to explain how these parameters affect the Selic rate and vice-versa so as to define the predictability of the Selic rate using (some of) these parameters as inputs. A model is then proposed for predicting the Selic rate based on some specific parameters using fuzzy logic ideas, which dealt with a partitioning of the universe of discourse using clusters related to the output data distribution. The proposed model is compared to four other known models in the literature and showed to have better performance in average compared to all other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]