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3. Neuroanatomical heterogeneity and homogeneity in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis

Author

Baldwin, Helen, Radua, Joaquim, Antoniades, Mathilde, Haas, Shalaila S, Frangou, Sophia, Agartz, Ingrid, Allen, Paul, Andreassen, Ole A, Atkinson, Kimberley, Bachman, Peter, Baeza, Inmaculada, Bartholomeusz, Cali F, Chee, Michael WL, Colibazzi, Tiziano, Cooper, Rebecca E, Corcoran, Cheryl M, Cropley, Vanessa L, Ebdrup, Bjørn H, Fortea, Adriana, Glenthøj, Louise Birkedal, Hamilton, Holly K, Haut, Kristen M, Hayes, Rebecca A, He, Ying, Heekeren, Karsten, Kaess, Michael, Kasai, Kiyoto, Katagiri, Naoyuki, Kim, Minah, Kindler, Jochen, Klaunig, Mallory J, Koike, Shinsuke, Koppel, Alex, Kristensen, Tina D, Bin Kwak, Yoo, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Jimmy, Lin, Ashleigh, Loewy, Rachel L, Mathalon, Daniel H, Michel, Chantal, Mizrahi, Romina, Møller, Paul, Nelson, Barnaby, Nemoto, Takahiro, Nordholm, Dorte, Omelchenko, Maria A, Pantelis, Christos, Raghava, Jayachandra M, Røssberg, Jan I, Rössler, Wulf, Salisbury, Dean F, Sasabayashi, Daiki, Schall, Ulrich, Smigielski, Lukasz, Sugranyes, Gisela, Suzuki, Michio, Takahashi, Tsutomu, Tamnes, Christian K, Tang, Jinsong, Theodoridou, Anastasia, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Uhlhaas, Peter J, Værnes, Tor G, van Amelsvoort, Therese AMJ, Van Erp, Theo GM, Waltz, James A, Westlye, Lars T, Wood, Stephen J, Zhou, Juan H, McGuire, Philip, Thompson, Paul M, Jalbrzikowski, Maria, Hernaus, Dennis, and Fusar-Poli, Paolo

Subjects
Serious Mental Illness, Prevention, Biomedical Imaging, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychotic Disorders, ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) demonstrate heterogeneity in clinical profiles and outcome features. However, the extent of neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the CHR-P state is largely undetermined. We aimed to quantify the neuroanatomical heterogeneity in structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), subcortical volume (SV), and intracranial volume (ICV) in CHR-P individuals compared with healthy controls (HC), and in relation to subsequent transition to a first episode of psychosis. The ENIGMA CHR-P consortium applied a harmonised analysis to neuroimaging data across 29 international sites, including 1579 CHR-P individuals and 1243 HC, offering the largest pooled CHR-P neuroimaging dataset to date. Regional heterogeneity was indexed with the Variability Ratio (VR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) ratio applied at the group level. Personalised estimates of heterogeneity of SA, CT and SV brain profiles were indexed with the novel Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI), with two complementary applications. First, to assess the extent of within-diagnosis similarity or divergence of neuroanatomical profiles between individuals. Second, using a normative modelling approach, to assess the 'normativeness' of neuroanatomical profiles in individuals at CHR-P. CHR-P individuals demonstrated no greater regional heterogeneity after applying FDR corrections. However, PBSI scores indicated significantly greater neuroanatomical divergence in global SA, CT and SV profiles in CHR-P individuals compared with HC. Normative PBSI analysis identified 11 CHR-P individuals (0.70%) with marked deviation (>1.5 SD) in SA, 118 (7.47%) in CT and 161 (10.20%) in SV. Psychosis transition was not significantly associated with any measure of heterogeneity. Overall, our examination of neuroanatomical heterogeneity within the CHR-P state indicated greater divergence in neuroanatomical profiles at an individual level, irrespective of psychosis conversion. Further large-scale investigations are required of those who demonstrate marked deviation.

Published
2022

5. Digital technology for addressing cognitive impairment in recent-onset psychosis: A perspective

Author

Bell, Imogen, Pot-Kolder, Roos M.C.A., Wood, Stephen J., Nelson, Barnaby, Acevedo, Nicola, Stainton, Alexandra, Nicol, Katie, Kean, James, Bryce, Shayden, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., Watson, Amity, Schwartz, Orli, Daglas-Georgiou, Rothanthi, Walton, Courtney C., Martin, Donel, Simmons, Magenta, Zbukvic, Isabel, Thompson, Andrew, Nicholas, Jennifer, Alvarez-Jimenez, Mario, and Allott, Kelly

Published
2022
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16. Contributors

Author

Achterhof, Robin, primary, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., additional, Bauer, Isabelle E., additional, Bechi, Margherita, additional, Caridad, Benavides, additional, Andrea, Bulbena-Cabre, additional, Katherine Elizabeth, Burdick, additional, Cohen, Alex S., additional, Cowan, Tovah, additional, Crouse, Jacob J., additional, Davidson, Charles A., additional, Jarrett, Fastman, additional, Fiszdon, Joanna M., additional, Sharely, Fred-Torres, additional, Ganella, Eleni P., additional, Harvey, Philip D., additional, Hermans, Karlijn, additional, Hermens, Daniel F., additional, Holt, Daphne J., additional, Kasanova, Zuzana, additional, Kéri, Szabolcs, additional, Keshavan, Matcheri S., additional, Kirtley, Olivia, additional, Emmett, Larsen, additional, Le, Thanh P., additional, Lauren, Lepow, additional, Lewandowski, Kathryn E., additional, Mahon, Katie, additional, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., additional, Moustafa, Ahmed A., additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Pelletier-Baldelli, Andrea, additional, Pengue, Anna, additional, Maria Mercedes, Perez-Rodriguez, additional, Polner, Bertalan, additional, Quintana, Daniel S., additional, Russo, Manuela, additional, Sarah Barbara, Rutter, additional, Schneider, Maude, additional, Silberstein, Juliete M., additional, Spangaro, Marco, additional, Ungar, Allison K., additional, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., additional, and Whitton, Alexis E., additional

Published
2019
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27. Neuroanatomical heterogeneity and homogeneity in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis

Author

Baldwin, Helen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-9019, Radua, Joaquim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-5438, Antoniades, Mathilde, Haas, Shalaila S; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1050, Frangou, Sophia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3210-6470, Agartz, Ingrid, Allen, Paul, Andreassen, Ole A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568, Atkinson, Kimberley, Bachman, Peter, Baeza, Inmaculada, Bartholomeusz, Cali F, Chee, Michael W L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-0548, Colibazzi, Tiziano, Cooper, Rebecca E, Corcoran, Cheryl M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-4353, Cropley, Vanessa L; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0029-1525, Ebdrup, Bjørn H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-5055, Fortea, Adriana, Glenthøj, Louise Birkedal; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-8450, Hamilton, Holly K, Haut, Kristen M, Hayes, Rebecca A, He, Ying, Heekeren, Karsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-1922, Kaess, Michael, Kasai, Kiyoto; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-4535, Katagiri, Naoyuki, Kim, Minah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8668-0817, Kindler, Jochen, Smigielski, Lukasz; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7644, et al, ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group, Rössler, Wulf; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-4533, Theodoridou, Anastasia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-385X, Baldwin, Helen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-9019, Radua, Joaquim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-5438, Antoniades, Mathilde, Haas, Shalaila S; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-1050, Frangou, Sophia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3210-6470, Agartz, Ingrid, Allen, Paul, Andreassen, Ole A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568, Atkinson, Kimberley, Bachman, Peter, Baeza, Inmaculada, Bartholomeusz, Cali F, Chee, Michael W L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-0548, Colibazzi, Tiziano, Cooper, Rebecca E, Corcoran, Cheryl M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-4353, Cropley, Vanessa L; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0029-1525, Ebdrup, Bjørn H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-5055, Fortea, Adriana, Glenthøj, Louise Birkedal; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-8450, Hamilton, Holly K, Haut, Kristen M, Hayes, Rebecca A, He, Ying, Heekeren, Karsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-1922, Kaess, Michael, Kasai, Kiyoto; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-4535, Katagiri, Naoyuki, Kim, Minah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8668-0817, Kindler, Jochen, Smigielski, Lukasz; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-7644, et al, ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group, Rössler, Wulf; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-4533, and Theodoridou, Anastasia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-385X

Abstract

Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) demonstrate heterogeneity in clinical profiles and outcome features. However, the extent of neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the CHR-P state is largely undetermined. We aimed to quantify the neuroanatomical heterogeneity in structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), subcortical volume (SV), and intracranial volume (ICV) in CHR-P individuals compared with healthy controls (HC), and in relation to subsequent transition to a first episode of psychosis. The ENIGMA CHR-P consortium applied a harmonised analysis to neuroimaging data across 29 international sites, including 1579 CHR-P individuals and 1243 HC, offering the largest pooled CHR-P neuroimaging dataset to date. Regional heterogeneity was indexed with the Variability Ratio (VR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) ratio applied at the group level. Personalised estimates of heterogeneity of SA, CT and SV brain profiles were indexed with the novel Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI), with two complementary applications. First, to assess the extent of within-diagnosis similarity or divergence of neuroanatomical profiles between individuals. Second, using a normative modelling approach, to assess the ‘normativeness’ of neuroanatomical profiles in individuals at CHR-P. CHR-P individuals demonstrated no greater regional heterogeneity after applying FDR corrections. However, PBSI scores indicated significantly greater neuroanatomical divergence in global SA, CT and SV profiles in CHR-P individuals compared with HC. Normative PBSI analysis identified 11 CHR-P individuals (0.70%) with marked deviation (>1.5 SD) in SA, 118 (7.47%) in CT and 161 (10.20%) in SV. Psychosis transition was not significantly associated with any measure of heterogeneity. Overall, our examination of neuroanatomical heterogeneity within the CHR-P state indicated greater divergence in neuroanatomical profiles at an individual level, irre

Published
2022

28. Gender effects on brain changes in early-onset psychosis

Author

Rapado-Castro, Marta, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, González-Pinto, Ana, Otero, Soraya, Baeza, Inmaculada, Moreno, Carmen, Graell, Montserrat, Janssen, Joost, Bargalló, Nuria, Pantelis, Christos, Desco, Manuel, and Arango, Celso

Published
2015
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29. Disruptions in white matter microstructure associated with impaired visual associative memory in schizophrenia-spectrum illness

Author

Wannan, Cassandra M. J., primary, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Di Biase, Maria A., additional, Syeda, Warda T., additional, Chakravarty, M. Mallar, additional, Bousman, Chad A., additional, Everall, Ian P., additional, McGorry, Patrick D., additional, Zalesky, Andrew, additional, and Cropley, Vanessa L., additional

Published
2021
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31. Association of Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures with Psychosis Onset in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Developing Psychosis:An ENIGMA Working Group Mega-analysis

Author

Jalbrzikowski, Maria, Hayes, Rebecca A., Wood, Stephen J., Nordholm, Dorte, Zhou, Juan H., Fusar-Poli, Paolo, Uhlhaas, Peter J., Takahashi, Tsutomu, Sugranyes, Gisela, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Mathalon, Daniel H., Katagiri, Naoyuki, Hooker, Christine I., Smigielski, Lukasz, Colibazzi, Tiziano, Via, Esther, Tang, Jinsong, Koike, Shinsuke, Rasser, Paul E., Michel, Chantal, Lebedeva, Irina, Hegelstad, Wenche Ten Velden, De La Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo, Waltz, James A., Mizrahi, Romina, Corcoran, Cheryl M., Resch, Franz, Tamnes, Christian K., Haas, Shalaila S., Lemmers-Jansen, Imke L.J., Agartz, Ingrid, Allen, Paul, Amminger, G. Paul, Andreassen, Ole A., Atkinson, Kimberley, Bachman, Peter, Baeza, Inmaculada, Baldwin, Helen, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., Borgwardt, Stefan, Catalano, Sabrina, Chee, Michael W.L., Chen, Xiaogang, Cho, Kang Ik K., Cooper, Rebecca E., Cropley, Vanessa L., Dolz, Montserrat, Ebdrup, Bjørn H., Glenthøj, Birte Y., Nordentoft, Merete, Jalbrzikowski, Maria, Hayes, Rebecca A., Wood, Stephen J., Nordholm, Dorte, Zhou, Juan H., Fusar-Poli, Paolo, Uhlhaas, Peter J., Takahashi, Tsutomu, Sugranyes, Gisela, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Mathalon, Daniel H., Katagiri, Naoyuki, Hooker, Christine I., Smigielski, Lukasz, Colibazzi, Tiziano, Via, Esther, Tang, Jinsong, Koike, Shinsuke, Rasser, Paul E., Michel, Chantal, Lebedeva, Irina, Hegelstad, Wenche Ten Velden, De La Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo, Waltz, James A., Mizrahi, Romina, Corcoran, Cheryl M., Resch, Franz, Tamnes, Christian K., Haas, Shalaila S., Lemmers-Jansen, Imke L.J., Agartz, Ingrid, Allen, Paul, Amminger, G. Paul, Andreassen, Ole A., Atkinson, Kimberley, Bachman, Peter, Baeza, Inmaculada, Baldwin, Helen, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., Borgwardt, Stefan, Catalano, Sabrina, Chee, Michael W.L., Chen, Xiaogang, Cho, Kang Ik K., Cooper, Rebecca E., Cropley, Vanessa L., Dolz, Montserrat, Ebdrup, Bjørn H., Glenthøj, Birte Y., and Nordentoft, Merete

Abstract

Importance: The ENIGMA clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis initiative, the largest pooled neuroimaging sample of individuals at CHR to date, aims to discover robust neurobiological markers of psychosis risk. Objective: To investigate baseline structural neuroimaging differences between individuals at CHR and healthy controls as well as between participants at CHR who later developed a psychotic disorder (CHR-PS+) and those who did not (CHR-PS-). Design, Setting, and Participants: In this case-control study, baseline T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were pooled from 31 international sites participating in the ENIGMA Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group. CHR status was assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States or Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. MRI scans were processed using harmonized protocols and analyzed within a mega-analysis and meta-analysis framework from January to October 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures: Measures of regional cortical thickness (CT), surface area, and subcortical volumes were extracted from T1-weighted MRI scans. Independent variables were group (CHR group vs control group) and conversion status (CHR-PS+ group vs CHR-PS- group vs control group). Results: Of the 3169 included participants, 1428 (45.1%) were female, and the mean (SD; range) age was 21.1 (4.9; 9.5-39.9) years. This study included 1792 individuals at CHR and 1377 healthy controls. Using longitudinal clinical information, 253 in the CHR-PS+ group, 1234 in the CHR-PS- group, and 305 at CHR without follow-up data were identified. Compared with healthy controls, individuals at CHR exhibited widespread lower CT measures (mean [range] Cohen d = -0.13 [-0.17 to -0.09]), but not surface area or subcortical volume. Lower CT measures in the fusiform, superior temporal, and paracentral regions were associated with psychosis conversion (mean Cohen d = -0.22; 95% CI, -0.35 to 0.10). Among healthy controls, compared wit

Published
2021

35. Evidence for Network-Based Cortical Thickness Reductions in Schizophrenia

Author

Wannan, Cassandra M.J., primary, Cropley, Vanessa L., additional, Chakravarty, M. Mallar, additional, Bousman, Chad, additional, Ganella, Eleni P., additional, Bruggemann, Jason M., additional, Weickert, Thomas W., additional, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, additional, Everall, Ian, additional, McGorry, Patrick, additional, Velakoulis, Dennis, additional, Wood, Stephen J., additional, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, and Zalesky, Andrew, additional

Published
2019
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39. Ventricular volumes across stages of schizophrenia and other psychoses

Author

Berger, Gregor E, primary, Bartholomeusz, Cali F, additional, Wood, Stephen J, additional, Ang, Anthony, additional, Phillips, Lisa J, additional, Proffitt, Tina, additional, Brewer, Warrick J, additional, Smith, Deidre J, additional, Nelson, Barnaby, additional, Lin, Ashleigh, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, Velakoulis, Dennis, additional, Yung, Alison R, additional, McGorry, Patrick D, additional, and Pantelis, Christos, additional

Published
2017
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40. Hippocampal subfields and visuospatial associative memory across stages of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder.

Author

Wannan, Cassandra M. J., Cropley, Vanessa L., Chakravarty, M. Mallar, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., Mancuso, Sam, Bousman, Chad, Everall, Ian, McGorry, Patrick D., Pantelis, Christos, and Bartholomeusz, Cali F.

Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA risk factors, AGE factors in disease, CHRONIC diseases, HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain), MEMORY, SPACE perception, VISUAL perception, GRAY matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract

Background: While previous studies have identified relationships between hippocampal volumes and memory performance in schizophrenia, these relationships are not apparent in healthy individuals. Further, few studies have examined the role of hippocampal subfields in illness-related memory deficits, and no study has examined potential differences across varying illness stages. The current study aimed to investigate whether individuals with early and established psychosis exhibited differential relationships between visuospatial associative memory and hippocampal subfield volumes. Methods: Measurements of visuospatial associative memory performance and grey matter volume were obtained from 52 individuals with a chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, 28 youth with recent-onset psychosis, 52 older healthy controls, and 28 younger healthy controls. Results: Both chronic and recent-onset patients had impaired visuospatial associative memory performance, however, only chronic patients showed hippocampal subfield volume loss. Both chronic and recent-onset patients demonstrated relationships between visuospatial associative memory performance and hippocampal subfield volumes in the CA4/dentate gyrus and the stratum that were not observed in older healthy controls. There were no group by volume interactions when chronic and recent-onset patients were compared. Conclusions: The current study extends the findings of previous studies by identifying particular hippocampal subfields, including the hippocampal stratum layers and the dentate gyrus, that appear to be related to visuospatial associative memory ability in individuals with both chronic and first-episode psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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43. Resting-state functional brain networks in first-episode psychosis: A 12-month follow-up study.

Author

Seguin, Caio, Cropley, Vanessa, Bartholomeusz, Cali F., Ganella, Eleni P., Pantelis, Christos, Zalesky, Andrew, Whittle, Sarah, Baune, Bernhard T., Olver, James, Amminger, G. Paul, and McGorry, Patrick D.

Subjects
BRAIN physiology, ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents, BRAIN mapping, LONGITUDINAL method, PSYCHOSES, RELAXATION for health, DISEASE duration
Abstract

Introduction: Schizophrenia is increasingly conceived as a disorder of brain network connectivity and organization. However, reports of network abnormalities during the early illness stage of psychosis are mixed. This study adopted a data-driven whole-brain approach to investigate functional connectivity and network architecture in a first-episode psychosis cohort relative to healthy controls and whether functional network properties changed abnormally over a 12-month period in first-episode psychosis. Methods: Resting-state functional connectivity was performed at two time points. At baseline, 29 first-episode psychosis individuals and 30 healthy controls were assessed, and at 12 months, 14 first-episode psychosis individuals and 20 healthy controls completed follow-up. Whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity networks were mapped for each individual and analyzed using graph theory to investigate whether network abnormalities associated with first-episode psychosis were evident and whether functional network properties changed abnormally over 12 months relative to controls. Results: This study found no evidence of abnormal resting-state functional connectivity or topology in first-episode psychosis individuals relative to healthy controls at baseline or at 12-months follow-up. Furthermore, longitudinal changes in network properties over a 12-month period did not significantly differ between first-episode psychosis individuals and healthy control. Network measures did not significantly correlate with symptomatology, duration of illness or antipsychotic medication. Conclusions: This is the first study to show unaffected resting-state functional connectivity and topology in the early psychosis stage of illness. In light of previous literature, this suggests that a subgroup of first-episode psychosis individuals who have a neurotypical resting-state functional connectivity and topology may exist. Our preliminary longitudinal analyses indicate that there also does not appear to be deterioration in these network properties over a 12-month period. Future research in a larger sample is necessary to confirm our longitudinal findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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44. Neurocognitive and Social Cognitive Approaches for Improving Functional Outcome in Early Psychosis: Theoretical Considerations and Current State of Evidence

Author

Bartholomeusz, Cali F. and Allott, Kelly

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Improving functional outcome, in addition to alleviating psychotic symptoms, is now a major treatment objective in schizophrenia research. Given the large body of evidence suggesting pharmacological treatments generally have minimal effects on indices of functioning, research has turned to psychosocial rehabilitation programs. Among these, neurocognitive and social cognitive interventions are at the forefront of this field and are argued to target core deficits inherent to the schizophrenia illness. However, to date, research trials have primarily focused on chronic schizophrenia populations, neglecting the early psychosis groups who are often as severely impaired in social and occupational functioning. This theoretical paper will outline the rationale for investigating adjunctive cognitive-based interventions in the early phases of psychotic illness, critically examine the current approach strategies used in these interventions, and assess the evidence supporting certain training programs for improving functional outcome in early psychosis. Potential pathways for future research will be discussed.

Published
2012
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