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Land use change (LUC), including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, is a major contributor to climate change (CC). This change in land use has impacts on food, water, and energy systems, creating a complex interconnected web of issues. This study aimed to investigate the global link between LUC and CC from 1990 to 2012. Using time‐series data from the World Bank, LUC was represented by irrigated land, arable lands, and forest areas, while CC was represented by CO2 emissions. Moreover, the relationship between economic growth in high‐income and low‐income countries and LUC and CC was examined in this study. Based on the findings of this study, in low‐income countries, the intensity of LUC is higher in comparison with high‐income countries. Meanwhile, CO2 emissions are increasing in middle‐income and high‐income countries. Economic growth is closely related to CO2 emissions in countries with different levels of income. The study indicated that managing land use is of high importance to mitigate CO2 emissions globally. According to the findings, recent LUC has shown more obvious effects on ecological variables than CC. Although LUC is not inherently directly related to CC, humans change land use, especially in terms of land management, to adapt to CC, and these changes will inevitably bring many environmental impacts. This study contributes significantly to advancing the understanding of the complex relationship between CC and LUC, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches in policy development. These measures are crucial to achieving resilience and meeting global CC reduction targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Zero Hunger", the second Sustainable Development Goal, is one of humanity's most critical challenges and is deeply interlinked with food security. Food security encompasses multiple levels, from food availability to access to food stability. However, for most residents in rural areas of developing and underdeveloped countries, food security primarily means physical, economic, and sustained access to food. Thus, evaluations of food security in rural areas should differ from those in urban areas. This original study introduces a novel approach and an integrated index to assess and present access to food (AFI) using fuzzy and weighted mean techniques. It analyzed 300 rural households in southern Iran. The findings revealed that the AFI of the studied community was 0.551, indicating a moderate level of food security. Most households had intermediate physical, economic, and sustainable access to food, which means that they did not face any critical situations regarding food security. This study suggests that achieving food security requires a hierarchical approach. Realizing the goal of zero hunger in rural areas of less developed countries necessitates a distinct strategy compared to urban areas for policymakers to focus more on food availability and access as the initial levels of the food security pyramid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, despite the undeniable importance of the beekeeping in different communities due to its economic, social and environmental functions (such as facilitating the pollination of plants), this sector is facing some challenges and neglected opportunities that have limited its performance and development. Hence, the current research tries to identify and analyze the challenges and opportunities of beekeeping in Fereydunshahr villages and provide suggestions for its development. Data were collected with a researcher made questionnaire. The sample size was 140 beekeepers who were selected by stratified sampling method among the beekeepers of Fereydunshahr villages (210 beekeepers). The results of descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the supply of counterfeit honey and cultural and social challenges (12.67% of variance) such as the lack of space to establish apiaries and the improper use of chemicals in agriculture are the main challenges. Also, the natural opportunities (22.70% of variance) include the suitable climate and vegetation for beekeeping activities and the presence of high quality and abundant water resources near the apiaries are the most important opportunities for beekeeping in Fereydunshahr. Finally, in accordance with challenges and opportunities identified in the beekeeping sector, some solutions were suggested in order to improve and develop beekeeping industry in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite consisting of carbon dots, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and chitosan showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of mesalazine (MSA). Under optimal experimental conditions, hydrodynamic amperometry was used for sensitive determination of MSA. Calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.1-10 [mu]M with a detection limit of 0.05 [mu]M. The repeatability of the method was studied for 5 replicate measurements of MSA (50 [mu]M) and the calculated relative standard deviation (RSD %) was 0.74%. The reproducibility for 5 different electrodes (expressed as RSD %) was 1.96% for MSA (50 [mu]M). The amperometric determination of the drug was successfully performed in spiked blood serum samples with recoveries ranging from 96 to 99%., Author(s): Fahimeh Jalali [sup.1], Zahra Hassanvand [sup.1], Ali Barati [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412668.f, 0000 0000 9149 8553, Department of Chemistry, Razi University, , Kermanshah, Iran Pharmaceutical analysis is a [...]