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Aims: This study describes the physicochemical and genomic characterization of phage vB_Vc_SrVc9 and its potential for phage therapy application against a pathogenic Vibrio campbellii strain. Methods and Results: A lytic phage vB_Vc_SrVc9 against V. campbellii was isolated from shrimp farm sediment, and characterized physicochemical and genomically. The use of vB_Vc_SrVc9 phage increased the survival in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana and reduced presumptive V. campbellii to nondetectable numbers. Genomic analysis showed a genome with a single contig of 43·15 kb, with 49 predicted genes and no tRNAs, capable of recognizing and generating complete inhibition zones of three Vibrio sp. Conclusions: To our knowledge vB_Vc_SrVc9 is a lytic phage that could be used against Vibrio infections, reducing vibrio presence without any apparent impact over the natural microbiota at the family level in 28 libraries tested. Significance and Impact of the Study: vB_Vc_SrVC9 is a novel phage and ecofriendly alternative for therapeutic applications and biotechnological purposes because is stable at different environmental conditions, has the potential to eliminate several strains, and has a short latent period with a good burst size. Therefore, the use of phages, which are natural killers of bacteria, represents a promising strategy to reduce the mortality of farmed organisms caused by pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic acids or their salts are promising feed additives for aquatic animals to improve growth performance. We determined the effect of supplementing diets with sodium salts (formate, acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, fumarate, succinate and citrate) on trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, in vitro digestibility and zootechnical performance in the whiteleg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp trypsin and chymotrypsin activity increased in the presence of acetate and propionate and decreased in the presence of lactate and citrate. The highest in vitro protein digestibility of the experimental diets, using shrimp enzymes, was obtained for diets containing fumarate and succinate, which was significantly greater than the control diet (no supplements). In a growth trial, the highest final weights were in shrimp fed diets supplemented with fumarate, succinate, butyrate and propionate, increasing 53%, 46%, 38% and 29%, respectively, compared to the control. Shrimp that were fed diets with fumarate digested more feed and had a feed conversion ratio 23% higher than the control shrimp. Shrimp survival did not differ among treatments. We concluded that organic salts in the diet modify digestive enzymatic activity and in vitro protein digestibility of whiteleg shrimp. Fumarate, succinate, butyrate and propionate have potential as feed additives for L. vannamei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper a new model, based on state machines, of adaptive control systems is presented. Due to its high level of expressiveness, UML was chosen as the modeling language. In particular the paper presents a model of an indirect adaptive control system. This model can be used to document and to have a better understanding of adaptive control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates the growth and survival of larval yellowleg shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis, in La Paz, Baja California Sur in Mexico. Reason why the introduction of exotic species represents a serious problem; Material and methods; Survival of F. californiensis postlarvae at different salinities.

Growth and survival response of Penaeus stylirostris (Stimpson) to fertilization, pelleted feeding and stocking density were analysed for the conditions prevailing on the Baja California peninsula (Mexico). Three 0.25-ha earthen ponds were longitudinally divided in half with mesh structures. One half received inorganic fertilization (trial F) and the other supplementary feeding using a pelletized ration (trial PF). The initial stocking rates were approximately 5, 10 and 15 PL5/m² in both trials. After 210 days, final mean weights ranged from 15.0 to 5.3g and survival from 48.6 to 17.8%. Growth and survival were analysed by means of a reparameterization of the von Bertalanffy's growth model and the exponential mortality equation. Results indicated that: (1) final mean weight was dependent on density in both trials (P < 0.01) although growth rate was only affected in trial PF (P < 0.01); (2) pelleted feeding produced both greater final mean weight and increased growth rate at densities higher than 5 PL/m² (P < 0.005); (3) the ratio tail weight/total weight was influenced by density in trial F (P < 0.015); (4) the mortality equation served to explain differences in survival to a limited extent. An increase in growth rate after 170 days occurring at the intermediate density in trial PF was attributed to an increase in mortality, which allowed the remaining individuals to attain larger sizes. Further research to increase biomass yields should focus on the optimization of pond depth, the supply of vigorous post-larvae and on the possible influences of seasonal variations of planktonic communities of the lagoons on the productivity of ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, with popular screening methods including the Papanicolaou test and HPV genotyping. However, in clinical practice, coinfections with other pathogens are often underestimated. Therefore, our study aims to describe the prevalence of STIs and vaginosis in urogenital samples from patients who had been tested exclusively for HPV genotyping., Methods: This analytical, prospective, cross-sectional study included 408 males and females. Eligible participants had positive and negative HPV genotyping test results and agreed to early detection or had HPV antecedents. They provided the same urogenital samples used for HPV detection and, through our multiplex in-house PCR assay, we screened for Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Chlamydia trachomatis , herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV), Mycoplasma spp., molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), Treponema pallidum , Haemophilus spp., Staphylococcus aureus , and Klebsiella spp. The subsequent statistical analysis aimed to reveal correlations between HPV genotypes and the identified pathogens., Results: Of the participants, 72.1% (n = 294) tested positive for HPV genotypes. HR-HPV (high-risk HPV) genotypes comprised 51 (8.1%), 66 (7.1%), and 58 (6.1%). Haemophilus spp., Ureaplasma spp., Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus , and Mycoplasma spp . frequently co-occurred with HPV infection ( p < 0.05). Gender-based variations were notorious for Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., and MCV ( p < 0.05). Coinfections were prevalent (43.9%), with a positive HPV result elevating the risk for Trichomonas vaginalis , Mycoplasma spp., Staphylococcus aureus , HSV, and MCV (OR > 1, p < 0.05). HPV 16 correlated with HSV and Ureaplasma spp., while HPV 6 was linked with HSV and MCV ( p < 0.05)., Conclusions: This screening strategy uncovered significant coinfections and associations between HPV genotypes and pathogens, underscoring the importance of routine screening to explore clinical implications in urogenital health.

The distribution of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes is not homogeneous among the infectedcells in a specific anatomical site. Thus, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional studywith 2,130 Mexican men and women aged 16 to 80 years. We described the prevalence of HPVgenotypes at the oropharyngeal cavity, anus, and urogenital sites. The most prevalent genotypes inwomen were HR-HPV 66 (5.6%), 16 (4.2%), 59 (4.3%) and LR-HPV 6 (10.1%); for men, HR-HPV16 (4.2%), 53 (3.8%), 66 (3.5%) and LR-HPV 6 (14.1%). In the cervix the most frequent genotypeswere: 6 (7.7%) and 66 (4.6%); vagina 6 (0.4%) and 16 (0.4%); genital wart 6 (5.9%) and 11 (2.7%);external genitalia 6 (0.5%) and 66 (0.5%); oropharyngeal cavity 6 (0.06%) and 66 (0.05%). In bothgenders, the most frequent genotype was HPV 6. The prevalence of HPV genotypes 31 (p=0.016),52 (p=0.049), 56 (0.036), 6 (p<0.0001) and 11 (p<0.0001) showed significant differences when comparinggenders. The kappa analysis demonstrated that in males, the HPV genotypes in the urethra/balanopreputial sulcus and urethral/genital warts had moderate concordance. In conclusion, HPVgenotyping screening tests among anatomical sites should be performed simultaneously to reinforcecurrent strategies, as well as for the development of vaccines and the discovery of oncogenic potentialfor genotypes that are not commonly analyzed.

Introduction: To improve access to assistive products (APs) globally, data must be available to inform evidence-based decision-making, policy development and evaluation, and market-shaping interventions., Methods: This systematic review was undertaken to identify studies presenting population-based estimates of need and coverage for five APs (hearing aids, limb prostheses, wheelchairs, glasses and personal digital assistants) grouped by four functional domains (hearing, mobility, vision and cognition)., Results: Data including 656 AP access indicators were extracted from 207 studies, most of which (n=199, 96%) were cross-sectional, either collecting primary (n=167) or using secondary (n=32) data. There was considerable heterogeneity in assessment approaches used and how AP indicators were reported; over half (n=110) used a combination of clinical and self-reported assessment data. Of 35 studies reporting AP use out of all people with functional difficulty in the corresponding functional domains, the proportions ranged from 4.5% to 47.0% for hearing aids, from 0.9% to 17.6% for mobility devices, and from 0.1% to 86.6% for near and distance glasses. Studies reporting AP need indicators demonstrated >60% unmet need for each of the five APs in most settings., Conclusion: Variation in definitions of indicators of AP access have likely led to overestimates/underestimates of need and coverage, particularly, where the relationship between functioning difficulty and the need for an AP is complex. This review demonstrates high unmet need for APs globally, due in part to disparate data across this sector, and emphasises the need to standardise AP data collection and reporting strategies to provide a comparable evidence base to improve access to APs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)