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Grace Baldwin, John B Miller Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACorrespondence: John B Miller, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, Tel +1 (617) 573-3750, Fax +1 (617) 573-3698, Email John_Miller@meei.harvard.eduPurpose of Review: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of death and disability across the world. We sought to investigate the prevalence and clinical presentation of ocular injuries in IPV.Recent Findings: Literature review revealed 16 published studies that evaluated ocular injuries in IPV, of which the study types included 9 retrospective studies, 2 prospective, 1 review, 1 invited commentary, 2 case reports, and 1 population-based cross-sectional survey. These studies suggest that 45% of IPV incidents involve ocular injury. Various injury types have been described including traumatic cataract, dislocated lens, retinal detachment, intraocular hemorrhage, orbital and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, optic nerve avulsion, and open globe injuries. Implementation of IPV screening programs in various clinical settings, including an emergency department evaluating ocular trauma, suggests a positive association with identification of IPV and improving access to resources.Summary: Within IPV, ocular injuries are a prevalent and important cause of vision loss. Various injuries have been reported affecting nearly every anatomical region of the eye. Routine screening for IPV among patients that present with ocular injuries and evaluating for visual complaints among patients experiencing IPV are both important. Future work focused on prospective studies and evaluation of screening techniques may be impactful.Keywords: intimate partner violence, ocular injuries, trauma

Diane N Sayah,1– 3 Itika Garg,1,2 Raviv Katz,1,2 Ying Zhu,1,4 Ying Cui,1,5 Rebecca Zeng,1,2 Rachel Tandias,1,2 Jade Y Moon,1,2 Filippos Vingopoulos,1,2 Hannah E Wescott,1,2 Grace Baldwin,1,2 Kira Wang,1,2 Tobias Elze,1,2 Cassie Ann Ludwig,1,2 Demetrios G Vavvas,1,2 Joan W Miller,1,2 Deeba Husain,1,2 Leo A Kim,1,2 Nimesh A Patel,1,2 John B Miller1,2 1Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA; 2Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 3College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; 4Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 5Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: John B Miller, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, Tel +1 617 573-3750, Fax + 1 617 573-3698, Email John_Miller@meei.harvard.eduPurpose: Visual prognosis and treatment burden for macular neovascularization (MNV) can differ between myopic macular degeneration (MMD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We describe and compare MNV associated with MMD and AMD using swept-source (SS)-OCTA.Patients and Methods: Adult patients with documented MNV associated with MMD or AMD were consecutively recruited. Qualitative and quantitative features were assessed from 6x6mm angiograms, including the MNV area and vessel density (VD). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses were carried out.Results: Out of 75 enrolled eyes with diagnosed MNV (30 MMD-MNV and 45 AMD-MNV; mean age 55± 19 and 75± 8 years, respectively), 44 eyes had discernible MNV (11 MMD-MNV and 33 AMD-MNV) on SS-OCTA at the time of the study and were included in the analysis. The MMD-MNV group exhibited a three-fold smaller sized MNV (p=0.001), lower greatest linear dimension (p=0.009) and greatest vascular caliber (p< 0.001) compared to AMD-MNVs, and had a higher prevalence of tree-in-bud pattern. Eyes with AMD showed a higher prevalence of type 1 MNVs with medusa pattern. There was no difference in the location of the MNV, shape’s regularity, margins, presence of core vessel, capillary fringe, peripheral loops, or perilesional dark halo (p> 0.05) between both conditions. After adjustment, decreased MNV area and increased VD were associated with the tree-in-bud pattern, whereas the diagnosis did not significantly influence those parameters.Conclusion: While larger studies are warranted, this study is the first to describe and compare MMD-MNV and AMD-MNV using SS-OCTA, providing relevant clinical insight on MNV secondary to MMD and AMD. These findings also further validate OCTA as a powerful tool to detect and characterize MNV non-invasively.Keywords: macular neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, high myopia, swept source, OCT angiography

Peyman Razavi,1 Bertan Cakir,2 Grace Baldwin,2 Donald J D’Amico,1 John B Miller2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; 2Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USACorrespondence: John B Miller, Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, Tel +1 617 573-3750, Fax +1 617 573-3698, Email John_Miller@meei.harvard.eduAbstract: Three-Dimensional (3D) heads-up visualization systems have significantly advanced vitreoretinal surgery, providing enhanced detail and improved ergonomics. This review discusses the application of 3D systems in vitreoretinal surgery, their use in various procedures, their combination with other imaging modalities, and the role of this technology in medical education and telementoring. Furthermore, the review highlights the benefits of 3D systems, such as improved ergonomics, reduced phototoxicity, enhanced depth of field, and the use of color filters. Potential challenges, including the learning curve and additional costs, are also addressed. The review concludes by exploring promising future applications, including teleophthalmology for remote assistance and specialist availability expansion, virtual reality integration for global clinical education, and the combination of remotely robotic-guided surgery with artificial intelligence for precise, efficient surgical procedures. This comprehensive review offers insights into the current state and future potential of 3D heads-up visualization systems in vitreoretinal surgery, underscoring the transformative impact of this technology on ophthalmology.Keywords: three-dimensional viewing system, 3D visualization, heads-up display, vitreoretinal surgery, three-dimensional surgery

Grace Baldwin, Jared T Sokol, Cassie A Ludwig, John B Miller Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACorrespondence: John B Miller, Retina Service, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Principal Investigator, Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, Tel +1 (617) 573-3750, Fax +1 (617) 573-3698, Email john_miller@meei.harvard.eduPurpose: The guarded light pipe is a recently described alternative endoillumination technique to chandelier illumination. We sought to compare the outcomes of scleral buckling (SB) under indirect ophthalmoscopy (ID) to heads-up three-dimensional visualization with a guarded light pipe (3DGLP).Methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed, including 47 eyes that underwent SB for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair with either traditional ID (n = 31) or 3DGLP (n = 16).Results: The single surgery anatomic success rate was 87.0% in the ID group and 87.5% in the 3DGLP group. The final anatomic success rate was 100% in both groups. The median (interquartile range) post-operative logMAR was 0.10 (0.0– 0.20) in the ID group and 0.08 (0.02– 0.69) in the 3DGLP group (p = 0.51). The median operative time was 107 (94– 123) minutes in the ID group and 100 (90– 111) minutes in the 3DGLP group (p = 0.25). Among eyes that underwent subretinal fluid drainage, the operative time was significantly longer in the ID group compared to the 3DGLP group, 113 (100– 135) minutes vs 93 (85– 111) minutes (p = 0.035). There were no post-operative complications in the ID group and one complication of self-resolving vitreous hemorrhage associated with a malfunctioning cryoprobe in the 3DGLP group (p = 0.34). There were no cases of post-operative cataract progression in either group.Conclusion: Compared to traditional SB, 3DGLP improves ergonomics and educational value with similar anatomical, visual, intra and post-operative outcomes and may result in shorter operative time in cases requiring subretinal fluid drainage.Keywords: endoillumination, heads up visualization, NGENUITY, scleral buckle, light pipe, retinal detachment

Nucleophilic amino acids are important in covalent drug development yet underutilized as anti-microbial targets. Chemoproteomic technologies have been developed to mine chemically accessible residues via their intrinsic reactivity towards electrophilic probes but cannot discern which chemically reactive sites contribute to protein function and should therefore be prioritized for drug discovery. To address this, we have developed a CRISPR-based oligo recombineering (CORe) platform to support the rapid identification, functional prioritization and rational targeting of chemically reactive sites in haploid systems. Our approach couples protein sequence and function with biological fitness of live cells. Here we profile the electrophile sensitivity of proteinogenic cysteines in the eukaryotic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii and prioritize functional sites using CORe. Electrophile-sensitive cysteines decorating the ribosome were found to be critical for parasite growth, with target-based screening identifying a parasite-selective anti-malarial lead molecule and validating the apicomplexan translation machinery as a target for ongoing covalent ligand development.

This study is on quartz-hosted fluid inclusions (FI) from three metasedimentary rock-hosted polymetallic vein occurrences [Nictaux Falls (Co-Ni-As-Au-Bi), Lansdowne (Zn-As-Ag-Sb-Au-Pb), and Cape St. Marys (Co-Ni-Cu-Zn-Ag-Sb-Au-Pb-Bi)] in the southwestern Meguma terrane, [...]