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18 results on '"Bahir Dar University (BDU)"'

1. Development of flow-through polymeric membrane reactor for liquid phase reactions: experimental investigation and mathematical modeling

Author

Endalkachew Chanie Mengistie, Jean-François Lahitte, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Bahir Dar University - BDU (ETHIOPIA), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique - LGC (Toulouse, France), Bahir Dar Institute of Technology (BiT), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Materials science, Article Subject, General Chemical Engineering, Synthetic membrane, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Chemical engineering, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Organic chemistry, Génie chimique, Nanocomposite, Membrane reactor, Modeling, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Polymerization, chemistry, Catalytic membrane, TP155-156, 0210 nano-technology, Palladium
Abstract

Incorporating metal nanoparticles into polymer membranes can endow the membranes with additional functions. This work explores the development of catalytic polymer membrane through synthesis of palladium nanoparticles based on the approaches of intermatrix synthesis (IMS) inside surface functionalized polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and its application to liquid phase reactions. Flat sheet PES membranes have been successfully modified via UV-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid monomer. Palladium nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical reduction of palladium precursor loaded on surface modified membranes, an approach to the design of membranes modified with nanomaterials. The catalytic performances of the nanoparticle incorporated membranes have been evaluated by the liquid phase reduction of p-nitrophenol using NaBH4 as a reductant in flow-through membrane reactor configuration. The nanocomposite membranes containing palladium nanoparticles were catalytically efficient in achieving a nearly 100% conversion and the conversion was found to be dependent on the flux, amount of catalyst, and initial concentration of nitrophenol. The proposed mathematical model equation represents satisfactorily the reaction and transport phenomena in flow-through catalytic membrane reactor.

Published
2017
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2. Baseline Transliteration Corpus for Improved English-Amharic Machine Translation

Author

Biadgligne, Yohannes, Smaïli, Kamel, Sudan University of Science and Technology [Khartoum] (SUST), Bahir Dar Institute of Technology (BiT), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Statistical Machine Translation and Speech Modelization and Text (SMarT), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Machine Translation Amharic language Transliteration Augmentation NMT RNN GRU Transformer, Amharic language, Transformer, Machine Translation, GRU, NMT, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Transliteration, Augmentation, RNN
Abstract

International audience; Machine translation (MT) between English and Amharic is one of the least studied and, performance-wise, least successful topics in the MT field. We therefore propose to apply corpus transliteration and augmentation techniques in this study to address this issue and improve MT performance for the language pairs. This paper presents the creation, the augmentation, and the use of an Amharic to English transliteration corpus for NMT experiments. The created corpus has a total of 450,608 parallel sentences before preprocessing and is used to train three different NMT architectures after preprocessing. These models are actually built using Recurrent Neural Networks with attention mechanism (RNN), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and Transformers. Specifically, for Transformer-based experiments, three different Transformer models with different hyperparameters are created. Compared to previous works, the BLEU score results of all NMT models used in this study are improved. One of the three Transformer models, in particular, achieves the highest BLEU score ever recorded for the language pairs.

Published
2023
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3. Differential transmissibility to Anopheles arabiensis of Plasmodium vivax gametocytes in patients with diverse Duffy blood group genotypes

Author

Abate, Andargie, Hassen, Jifar, Dembele, Laurent, Menard, Didier, Golassa, Lemu, Addis Ababa University (AAU), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Adama Science and Technology University, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Génétique du paludisme et résistance - Malaria Genetics and Resistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), CHU Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), and This project is part of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP2) program supported by the European Union (grant number TMA2017CDF-1892-HypnoBio).

Subjects
Duffy blood group, Infectious Diseases, Anopheles mosquitoes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Parasitology, Ethiopia, Plasmodium vivax, Membrane feeding assay
Abstract

Background Measuring risk of malaria transmission is complex, especially in case of Plasmodium vivax. This may be overcome using membrane feeding assays in the field where P. vivax is endemic. However, mosquito-feeding assays are affected by a number of human, parasite and mosquito factors. Here, this study identified the contributions of Duffy blood group status of P. vivax-infected patients as a risk of parasite transmission to mosquitoes. Methods A membrane feeding assay was conducted on a total of 44 conveniently recruited P. vivax infected patients in Adama city and its surroundings in East Shewa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia from October, 2019 to January, 2021. The assay was performed in Adama City administration. Mosquito infection rates were determined by midgut dissections at seven to 8 days post-infection. Duffy genotyping was defined for each of the 44 P. vivax infected patients. Results The infection rate of Anopheles mosquitoes was 32.6% (296/907) with 77.3% proportion of infectious participants (34/44). Infectiousness of participants to Anopheles mosquitoes appeared to be higher among individuals with homozygous Duffy positive blood group (TCT/TCT) than heterozygous (TCT/CCT), but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean oocyst density was significantly higher among mosquitoes fed on blood of participants with FY*B/FY*BES than other genotypes (P = 0.001). Conclusion Duffy antigen polymorphisms appears to contribute to transmissibility difference of P. vivax gametocytes to Anopheles mosquitoes, but further studies are required.

Published
2023
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4. Vivax malaria in Duffy-negative patients shows invariably low asexual parasitaemia: implication towards malaria control in Ethiopia

Author

Andargie Abate, Isabelle Bouyssou, Solenne Mabilotte, Cecile Doderer-Lang, Laurent Dembele, Didier Menard, Lemu Golassa, Addis Ababa University (AAU), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant (ED515), Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique du paludisme et résistance - Malaria Genetics and Resistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), This study was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (ID: INV-015996), European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), and Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors of Pasteur Institute, Paris, France., and univOAK, Archive ouverte

Subjects
Asexual parasitaemia, Parasitemia, Malaria, Duffy antigen, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Malaria, Vivax, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Parasitology, Ethiopia, Polymorphism, Duffy Blood-Group System, Plasmodium vivax, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract

Background The increase in detections of Plasmodium vivax infection in Duffy-negative individuals in Africa has challenged the dogma establishing the unique P. vivax Duffy Binding Protein-Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (PvDBP-DARC) pathway used by P. vivax merozoites to invade reticulocytes. Information on the impact of Duffy antigen polymorphisms on the epidemiology of P. vivax malaria remains elusive. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of asexual parasitaemia of P. vivax according to the Duffy antigen polymorphisms in Ethiopia. Methods DNA was extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) collected from prospectively recruited 138 P. vivax-infected patients from health centres. The identification and estimation of P. vivax asexual parasitaemia were performed by microscopic examination and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Duffy genotyping was conducted by DNA sequencing in a total of 138 P.vivax infected samples. Results The proportion of Duffy-negatives (FY*BES/FY*BES) in P. vivax infected patients was 2.9% (4/138). Duffy genotype FY*B/FY*BES (48.6%) was the most common, followed by FY*A/FY*BES genotype (25.4%). In one patient, the FY*02 W.01/FY*02 N.01 genotype conferring a weak expression of the Fyb antigen was observed. All P.vivax infected Duffy-negative patients showed low asexual parasitaemia (≤ 110 parasites/µL). The median P. vivax parasitaemia in Duffy-negative patients (53 parasites/µL) was significantly lower than those found in homozygous and heterozygous individuals (P Conclusion Plasmodium vivax in Duffy-negative patients shows invariably low asexual parasitaemia. This finding suggests that the pathway used by P. vivax to invade Duffy-negative reticulocytes is much less efficient than that used in Duffy-positives. Moreover, the low asexual parasitaemia observed in Duffy-negative individuals could constitute an ‘undetected silent reservoir', thus likely delaying the elimination of vivax malaria in Ethiopia.

Published
2022
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5. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Bourne R. R. A., Steinmetz J. D., Saylan M., Mersha A. M., Weldemariam A. H., Wondmeneh T. G., Sreeramareddy C. T., Pinheiro M., Yaseri M., Yu C., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zimsen S. R. M., Yonemoto N., Tsegaye G. W., Vu G. T., Vongpradith A., Renzaho A. M. N., Sorrie M. B., Shaheen A. A., Shiferaw W. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Saya G. K., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Shigematsu M., Sahraian M. A., Naderifar H., Sabour S., Rathi P., Sathian B., Miller T. R., Rezapour A., Rawal L., Pham H. Q., Parekh U., Podder V., Onwujekwe O. E., Pasovic M., Otstavnov N., Negash H., Pawar S., Naimzada M. D., Al Montasir A., Ogbo F. A., Owolabi M. O., Pakshir K., Mohammad Y., Moni M. A., Nunez-Samudio V., Mulaw G. F., Naveed M., Maleki S., Michalek I. M., Misra S., Swamy S. N., Mohammed J. A., Flaxman S., Park E. -C., Briant P. S., Meles G. G., Hayat K., Landires I., Kim G. R., Liu X., LeGrand K. E., Taylor H. R., Kunjathur S. M., Khoja T. A. M., Bicer B. K., Khalilov R., Hashi A., Kayode G. A., Carneiro V. L. A., Kavetskyy T., Kosen S., Kulkarni V., Holla R., Kalhor R., Jayaram S., Islam S. M. S., Gilani S. A., Eskandarieh S., Molla M. D., Itumalla R., Farzadfar F., Congdon N. G., Elhabashy H. R., Elayedath R., Couto R. A. S., Dervenis N., Cromwell E. A., Dahlawi S. M. A., Resnikoff S., Casson R. J., Abdoli A., Choi J. -Y. J., Dos Santos F. L. C., Abrha W. A., Nagaraja S. B., Abualhasan A., Adal T. G., Aregawi B. B., Beheshti M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Afshin A., Ahmadieh H., Alemzadeh S. A., Arrigo A., Atnafu D. D., Ashbaugh C., Ashrafi E., Alemayehu W., Alfaar A. S., Alipour V., Anbesu E. W., Androudi S., Arabloo J., Arditi A., Bagli E., Baig A. A., Barnighausen T. W., Battaglia Parodi M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov M., Bottone M., Braithwaite T., Bron A. M., Butt Z. A., Cheng C. -Y., Chu D. -T., Cicinelli M. V., Coelho J. M., Dai X., Dana R., Dandona L., Dandona R., Del Monte M. A., Deva J. P., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dreer L. E., Ehrlich J. R., Ellwein L. B., Emamian M. H., Fernandes A. G., Fischer F., Friedman D. S., Furtado J. M., Gaidhane S., Gazzard G., Gebremichael B., George R., Ghashghaee A., Golechha M., Hamidi S., Hammond B. R., Hartnett M. E. R., Hartono R. K., Hay S. I., Heidari G., Ho H. C., Househ M., Ibitoye S. E., Ilic I. M., Huang J. J., Ilic M. D., Ingram A. D., Irvani S. S. N., Jha R. P., Kahloun R., Kandel H., Kasa A. S., Kempen J. H., Khairallah M., Khan E. A., Khanna R. C., Khatib M. N., Kim J. E., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Koyanagi A., Kurmi O. P., Lansingh V. C., Leasher J. L., Leveziel N., Limburg H., Manafi N., Mansouri K., McAlinden C., Mohammadi S. F., Mokdad A. H., Morse A. R., Naderi M., Naidoo K. S., Nangia V., Nguyen H. L. T., Ogundimu K., Olagunju A. T., Panda-Jonas S., Pesudovs K., Peto T., Ur Rahman M. H., Ramulu P. Y., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reinig N., Robin A. L., Rossetti L., Safi S., Sahebkar A., Samy A. M., Serle J. B., Shaikh M. A., Shen T. T., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Silva J. C., Silvester A., Singh J. A., Singhal D., Sitorus R. S., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Sousa R. A. R. C., Stambolian D., Tadesse E. G., Tahhan N., Tareque Md. I., Topouzis F., Tran B. X., Tsilimbaris M. K., Varma R., Virgili G., Wang N., Wang Y. X., West S. K., Wong T. Y., Jonas J. B., Vos T., Bourne, R. R. A., Steinmetz, J. D., Saylan, M., Mersha, A. M., Weldemariam, A. H., Wondmeneh, T. G., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Pinheiro, M., Yaseri, M., Yu, C., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Z. -J., Zimsen, S. R. M., Yonemoto, N., Tsegaye, G. W., Vu, G. T., Vongpradith, A., Renzaho, A. M. N., Sorrie, M. B., Shaheen, A. A., Shiferaw, W. S., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Saya, G. K., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Shigematsu, M., Sahraian, M. A., Naderifar, H., Sabour, S., Rathi, P., Sathian, B., Miller, T. R., Rezapour, A., Rawal, L., Pham, H. Q., Parekh, U., Podder, V., Onwujekwe, O. E., Pasovic, M., Otstavnov, N., Negash, H., Pawar, S., Naimzada, M. D., Al Montasir, A., Ogbo, F. A., Owolabi, M. O., Pakshir, K., Mohammad, Y., Moni, M. A., Nunez-Samudio, V., Mulaw, G. F., Naveed, M., Maleki, S., Michalek, I. M., Misra, S., Swamy, S. N., Mohammed, J. A., Flaxman, S., Park, E. -C., Briant, P. S., Meles, G. G., Hayat, K., Landires, I., Kim, G. R., Liu, X., Legrand, K. E., Taylor, H. R., Kunjathur, S. M., Khoja, T. A. M., Bicer, B. K., Khalilov, R., Hashi, A., Kayode, G. A., Carneiro, V. L. A., Kavetskyy, T., Kosen, S., Kulkarni, V., Holla, R., Kalhor, R., Jayaram, S., Islam, S. M. S., Gilani, S. A., Eskandarieh, S., Molla, M. D., Itumalla, R., Farzadfar, F., Congdon, N. G., Elhabashy, H. R., Elayedath, R., Couto, R. A. S., Dervenis, N., Cromwell, E. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Resnikoff, S., Casson, R. J., Abdoli, A., Choi, J. -Y. J., Dos Santos, F. L. C., Abrha, W. A., Nagaraja, S. B., Abualhasan, A., Adal, T. G., Aregawi, B. B., Beheshti, M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Afshin, A., Ahmadieh, H., Alemzadeh, S. A., Arrigo, A., Atnafu, D. D., Ashbaugh, C., Ashrafi, E., Alemayehu, W., Alfaar, A. S., Alipour, V., Anbesu, E. W., Androudi, S., Arabloo, J., Arditi, A., Bagli, E., Baig, A. A., Barnighausen, T. W., Battaglia Parodi, M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, M., Bottone, M., Braithwaite, T., Bron, A. M., Butt, Z. A., Cheng, C. -Y., Chu, D. -T., Cicinelli, M. V., Coelho, J. M., Dai, X., Dana, R., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Del Monte, M. A., Deva, J. P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dreer, L. E., Ehrlich, J. R., Ellwein, L. B., Emamian, M. H., Fernandes, A. G., Fischer, F., Friedman, D. S., Furtado, J. M., Gaidhane, S., Gazzard, G., Gebremichael, B., George, R., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Hamidi, S., Hammond, B. R., Hartnett, M. E. R., Hartono, R. K., Hay, S. I., Heidari, G., Ho, H. C., Househ, M., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilic, I. M., Huang, J. J., Ilic, M. D., Ingram, A. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Jha, R. P., Kahloun, R., Kandel, H., Kasa, A. S., Kempen, J. H., Khairallah, M., Khan, E. A., Khanna, R. C., Khatib, M. N., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kurmi, O. P., Lansingh, V. C., Leasher, J. L., Leveziel, N., Limburg, H., Manafi, N., Mansouri, K., Mcalinden, C., Mohammadi, S. F., Mokdad, A. H., Morse, A. R., Naderi, M., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ogundimu, K., Olagunju, A. T., Panda-Jonas, S., Pesudovs, K., Peto, T., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ramulu, P. Y., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reinig, N., Robin, A. L., Rossetti, L., Safi, S., Sahebkar, A., Samy, A. M., Serle, J. B., Shaikh, M. A., Shen, T. T., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Silva, J. C., Silvester, A., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sitorus, R. S., Skiadaresi, E., Soheili, A., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Stambolian, D., Tadesse, E. G., Tahhan, N., Tareque, Md. I., Topouzis, F., Tran, B. X., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Varma, R., Virgili, G., Wang, N., Wang, Y. X., West, S. K., Wong, T. Y., Jonas, J. B., Vos, T., University of Washington [Seattle], Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Imperial College London, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg University, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Aksum University, Cairo University, University of Sharjah, Wolkite University, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Visibility Metrics LLC, Adigrat University, San Raffaele Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Bahir Dar University (BDU), University Hospital of Ioannina, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Government Medical College Pali, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ufa Eye Research Institute, ondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, University of Minho, University of Adelaide, Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Seoul National University Hospital, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], University of Porto, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University of Dammam - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Harvard University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Gondar, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME), Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, University of São Paulo (USP), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Haramaya University, Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, The University of Lahore, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, University of Georgia, University of Utah, Institution of Public Health Sciences, Jigjiga Universit, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Independent Consultant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Manipal academy of Higher Education, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Yale University [New Haven], University of Ibadan, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], University of Hail, Mysore Medical College, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL), Institute of Human Virology [Nigeria] (IHVN), Myungsung Medical College, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Partenaires INRAE, Baku State University, Health Services Academy, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Health Ministers Council Gulf Cooperative Council Stat, Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Xiamen University Malaysia, Yonsei University, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg., and GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators* on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Refractive error, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Eye disease, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Glaucoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Articles, General Medicine, Diabetic retinopathy, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 3. Good health, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from

Published
2021
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6. A two-way trust management system for fog computing

Author

Esubalew Alemneh, Sidi-Mohammed Senouci, Tesfa Tegegne, Philippe Brunet, Département de Recherche en Ingénierie des Véhicules pour l'Environnement [Nevers] (DRIVE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), and Bahir Dar University (BDU)

Subjects
Subjective logic, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, business.industry, Location awareness, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Cloud computing, 02 engineering and technology, Service provider, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Fog nodes, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Hardware and Architecture, Software deployment, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Redundancy (engineering), Bandwidth (computing), Fog computing, Trust management, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, computer, Software
Abstract

International audience; Fog computing is the next frontier of cloud computing since it can compute and store a massive amount of data generated by IoT devices near their sources. Indeed, transmitting all these data to the cloud will take up a huge amount of bandwidth. However, its features and flexibility of deployment make fog computing vulnerable to security and privacy attacks. The high-mobility support, dynamic environment, geographical distribution, location awareness, proximity to end users, and lack of redundancy are among these features that make the existing schemes not adequate to fog computing. Therefore, since trust management ensures security and privacy, we propose a two-way subjective logic-based trust management system that enables a service requester to verify whether a service provider can give reliable and secure services and lets the service provider check the trustworthiness of the service requester. Extensive evaluation of the system shows that the trust value of a node is accurate and converges in a very few trust computation cycles. The solution is also resilient to a large population of misbehaving nodes and it is able to thwart trust-based attacks successfully. Moreover, comparative analysis is made with different modification of the system and two baseline schemes, PeerTrust and EigenTrust. The comparison depicts that the two-way trust management proposals have lower overhead, allow a balanced load distribution, are effective in selecting the right service providers and are more accurate than the conventional one-way trust management systems.

Published
2020
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7. Offline Corpus Augmentation for English-Amharic Machine Translation

Author

Biadgligne, Yohannes, Smaïli, Kamel, Bahir Dar University (BDU), Statistical Machine Translation and Speech Modelization and Text (SMarT), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Amharic language, Machine Translation, Token level augmentation, GRU, SMT, NMT, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Corpus Augmentation
Abstract

International audience; The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of corpus augmentation on the quality of English-Amharic Machine Translation (MT). In fact, trigram and four-gram Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) language models, as well as Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models based on Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) were used. They were trained independently using both the original and augmented corpus to see how the augmentation of the corpus affects the translation quality of these models. These two corpora (original and augmented) contain 225,304 and 463,796 English-Amharic parallel sentences respectively. To complete the corpus augmentation challenge, an offline token level tokenization technique was used. This technique (corpus augmentation) was used before any other MT processes were started. Among several token-level tokenization mechanisms, random insertion, replacement, deletion, and swapping approaches were chosen and implemented. After both models had been trained, the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) ratings were collected and analyzed. Our results demonstrate that the models trained with the augmented corpus outperform their corresponding models (models trained with the original corpus) in terms of BLEU scores. As a result, we can conclude that corpus augmentation did indeed help in the improvement of the performance of both SMT and NMT translation systems.

Published
2022
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8. The Burden of Pneumocystis Pneumonia Infection among HIV Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

Author

Yared Mulu Gelaw, Yonas Deressa Guracho, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Getu Degu Alene, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Bahir Dar University (BDU), and University of Wollongong [Australia]

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, systematic review, General Immunology and Microbiology, fungal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Africa, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, Ethiopia, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Pneumocystis pneumonia, burden
Abstract

International audience; Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a leading cause of death among patients with AIDS worldwide, but its burden is difficult to estimate in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. This systematic review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PCP in Ethiopia, the second most densely populated African country. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to review published and unpublished studies conducted in Ethiopia. Studies that reported on the prevalence of PCP among HIV-infected patients were searched systematically. Variations between the studies were assessed by using forest plot and I-squared heterogeneity tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out when I2 > 50. The pooled estimate prevalence with 95% CI was computed using a random-effects model of analysis. Thirteen articles, comprising studies of 4847 individuals living with HIV, were included for analysis. The pooled prevalence of PCP was 5.65% (95% CI [3.74-7.56]) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 93.6%, p < 0.01). To identify the source of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted by study design, geographical region, diagnosis methods, and year of publication. PCP prevalence differed significantly when biological diagnostic methods were used (32.25%), in studies published before 2010 (32.51%), in cross-sectional studies (8.08%), and in Addis Ababa (14.05%). PCP prevalence differences of 3.25%, 3.07%, 3.23%, and 2.29% were recorded in studies based on clinical records, published since 2017, follow-up studies, and north-west Ethiopian studies, respectively. The prevalence of PCP is probably underestimated, as the reports were mainly based on clinical records. An expansion of biological diagnostic methods could make it possible to estimate the exact burden of PCP in Ethiopia.

Published
2023
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9. Event-based runoff and sediment yield dynamics and controls ilue Nn the subhumid headwaters of the Bile, Ethiopia

Author

Jean Poesen, Hanibal Lemma, Jan Nyssen, Habtamu Assaye, Deribew Fentie, Enyew Adgo, Derege Tsegaye Meshesha, Alemayehu Wassie, Amaury Frankl, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Event based, Soil Science, Rock fragment cover, Development, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, HIGHLANDS, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Badlands, CROP YIELD, soil organic matter, stone bunds, Environmental Chemistry, ROCK FRAGMENTS, Stone bunds, General Environmental Science, Sediment yield, Hydrology, Soil organic matter, soil erosion, SOIL-EROSION, LAND-USE, rock fragment cover, STEEP HILLSLOPES, badlands, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES, ORGANIC-MATTER, INFILTRATION, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Soil erosion, Environmental science, SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract

International audience; Land degradation due to soil erosion presents a major challenge for sustainable development. We investigated run-off and sediment yield (SY) dynamics in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. The study area included 14 zero-order catchments with a surface area ranging from 324 to 1715 m2. V-notch weirs produced from plastic jars were introduced as measuring alternatives that met local constraints. Run-off (RO) depth at the weir was registered manually at 5-min intervals during two rainy seasons in 2018 and 2019, and a total of 618 events were monitored. Rainfall was measured using tipping-bucket rain gauges. RO samples were collected in 1-L bottles, and suspended sediment concentration was determined. The mean event RO coefficient ranged from 3% for forests to 56% for badlands. Similarly, the mean annual SY was lowest for forests (0.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and highest for badlands (43.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1), with significant differences among land-use types (14.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in cropland, 5.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in grazing land, and 2.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in plantations). Soil organic matter (SOM) reduced RO and SY, necessitating the consideration of agronomic and land management practices that enhance SOM. Annual SY decreased exponentially with the rock fragment cover (RFC). In fields where RFC was less than 20%, collecting rock fragments for installing stone bunds resulted in a net increase in SY. Rehabilitating badlands and enhancing SOM content in croplands can substantially reduce catchment SY and hence contribute to the sustainability of land uses in the subhumid highlands.

Published
2022
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10. Modelling spatial relationships between land cover change and its drivers in the Afro‐alpine belt of Mount Guna (Ethiopia)

Author

Kristine Walraevens, Amaury Frankl, Jan Nyssen, Adugnaw Birhanu, Enyew Adgo, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drivers, Mt. Gun, Soil Science, Land cover, Google Earth image, 010501 environmental sciences, Development, Structural basin, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Land cover change, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Aerial photo, Afro-alpine, Environmental Chemistry, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Elevation, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Geography, Ordinary least squares, Spatial ecology, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), GW(geographically weighted regression)
Abstract

International audience; This study examines the spatial relationship between land cover change and its drivers at varying scale in Mt. Guna. The recent land cover map was generated from Google Earth Image (2018), and the historical land cover map generated from the 1957 and 1980 aerial photos. Multi-scale geographically weighted regression (GWR) and ordinary least square (OLS) were used to model the spatial relationship between land cover change and its drivers at varying scale. The change analysis revealed that Mt. Guna showed a dynamic land cover change between 1957 and 2018 dominated by conversions into cropland. Overall, 69% of the land cover change shows gains and losses, while 31% of the land cover of Mt. Guna showed persistence over 61 years. Furthermore, 77% of land cover was swapped and changed from its initial state. The result of modelling the spatial relationship between land cover change and its drivers showed that population density, slope gradient and clustered homestead density increases the likelihood of land cover change, while higher elevation, water source density and precipitation reduces the likelihood of land cover change. However, the spatial scale comparison indicated that the influence is stronger in large spatial scales than in small scales.

Published
2021
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11. Parallel Corpora Preparation for English-Amharic Machine Translation

Author

Biadgline, Yohanens, Smaïli, Kamel, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology (BiT), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Statistical Machine Translation and Speech Modelization and Text (SMarT), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Amharic language, Machine Translation, BLEU, SMT, NMT, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Parallel Corpus
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we describe the development of an English-Amharic parallel corpus and Machine Translation (MT) experiments conducted on it. Two different tests have been achieved. Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and Neural Machine Translation (NMT) experiments. The performance using the bilingual evaluation understudy metric (BLEU) shows 26.47 and 32.44 respectively for SMT and NMT. The corpus was collected from the Internet using automatic and semi automatic techniques. The harvested corpus concerns domains coming from Religion, Law, and News. Finally, the corpus, we built is composed of 225,304 parallel sentences, it will be shared for free with the community. In our knowledge, this is the biggest parallel corpus so far concerning the Amharic language.

Published
2021

12. Curve number calibration for measuring impacts of land management in sub-humid Ethiopia

Author

Hanibal Lemma, Jean Poesen, Amaury Frankl, Alemayehu Wassie, Derege Tsegaye Meshesha, Habtamu Assaye, Enyew Adgo, Jan Nyssen, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Bahir Dar University (BDU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)

Subjects
Abstraction ratio, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, LAKE TANA BASIN, Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, Runoff curve number, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Catchment, SEDIMENT YIELD, Curve number, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 020701 environmental engineering, Water Science and Technology, DISCHARGE, 2. Zero hunger, QE1-996.5, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flooding (psychology), Geology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 6. Clean water, GB3-5030, BLUE NILE BASIN, Physical Sciences, Water Resources, SEPARATION, Physical geography, Floodplain, STONE BUNDS, CONSERVATION, 0207 environmental engineering, Land management, Event-based runoff, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, HIGHLANDS, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Lake Tana Basin, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Science & Technology, SOIL-EROSION, Soil organic matter, RUNOFF PROCESSES, 15. Life on land, Sedimentation, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Ethiopia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract

International audience; Study Region We investigate the event runoff response in six sub-catchments in the Lake Tana sub-basin, headwater of the Blue Nile basin, northwest Ethiopia. Steep and mountainous terrains surround floodplains, imposing runoff and soil erosion in the upper catchments and flooding and sedimentation at floodplains. This study was conducted in the upland runoff source catchments. Study Focus The focus is to investigate catchment characteristics that control the event runoff response in upland catchments, and how recent land management practices may have contributed to improved hydrological conditions. Event rainfall and runoff data were obtained at five-minute time steps through automated divers and tipping bucket rain gauges and related to catchment characteristics. New Hydrological Insights for the Region Our results show that the catchment event quickflow response was controlled by different factors of both natural and anthropogenic nature of which forest and shrubs, bund density and soil organic matter content were found to be the most important to reduce event quickflow. On the contrary, increase in cropland area caused an increase in quickflow. Through least square fitting procedure of the Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number method (NRCS-CN), a site specific abstraction ratio (λ) value of 0.01, rather than the commonly used 0.2 or 0.05, was found to be most appropriate for the sub-humid highlands of Ethiopia.

Published
2021
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13. Consolidated sediment budget of Lake Tana, Ethiopia (2012–2016)

Author

Jean Poesen, Mekete Dessie, Hanibal Lemma, Enyew Adgo, Amaury Frankl, Jan Nyssen, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bahir Dar University (BDU), and Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, Sedimentation rate, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Floodplain, Lake Tana Basin, Sedimentary budget, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Bed load, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedload, Sediment yield, Sediment, 15. Life on land, Sedimentation, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Suspended load, Ethiopia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Lake sediment budgeting is a vital tool to better understand catchment sediment fluxes. It allows assessing lake lifetime and can be used to design improved catchment management plans. Over the past few years, we collected sediment and runoff discharge data at fine spatial-temporal resolutions for the Lake Tana Basin (LTB), Ethiopia. Based on these data, this study presents a consolidated sediment budget of Lake Tana, following the proof of concept by Lemma et al. (2018). Sediment yield (SY) was quantified for 15 rivers and 2 lake outlets based on 12,671 suspended sediment concentration (SSC) samples, making this the most complete dataset for Lake Tana. In particular, we investigated seasonal and temporal patterns of sediment dynamics and the role of lakeshore floodplains. The latter was done by comparing the SSC measurements at upper and lower borders of the floodplains. Sediment rating curves were prepared that account for land cover conditions and rainfall seasonality. SY calculations for the main contributing rivers take bedload fluxes into account by means of a bedload rating curve. As a result, the gross annual sediment mass mobilized on the hillslopes of LTB was 33.30 Mt (9.93 Mt from ungauged rivers), dominantly from large river catchments in the southern and eastern parts of LTB. SSC and SY are generally larger at the beginning of the rainfed cropping calendar (May–June). By the end of rainfed cropping calendar (September–October), SY decreases. Floodplains store 2.28 Mt suspended sediment whereas annually an average SY of 31.02 Mt entered the lake. From this, 96.6% is suspended load and 3.4% is bedload. With ca. 30 Mt sediment deposited in the lake, its mean trapping efficiency equals 97%. Only 1.14 Mt of sediment leaves the lake through the two outlets. The rate of lake sedimentation (9.8 kg m−2 yr−1) is in line with the sedimentation rates of large lakes in the world. However, because Lake Tana is shallow, its expected lifetime is only 918 years. Moreover, this study is useful for managing freshwater ecosystems that requires understanding of sedimentation rate and associated reduction in storage capacity of lakes, especially lakes that are shallow and have experienced extensive catchment degradation.

Published
2020
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14. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and nearvision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the GlobalBurden of Disease Study

Author

Bourne, Rupert, Steinmetz, Jaimie, Flaxman, Seth, Briant, Paul Svitil, Taylor, Hugh, Resnikoff, Serge, Casson, Robert James, Abdoli, Amir, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Afshin, Ashkan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Akalu, Yonas, Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw, Alemayehu, Wondu, Alfaar, Ahmed Samir, Alipour, Vahid, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Androudi, Sofia, Arabloo, Jalal, Arditi, Aries, Asaad, Malke, Bagli, Eleni, Baig, Atif Amin, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Battaglia Parodi, Maurizio, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bottone, Michele, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Bron, Alain, Butt, Zahid, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria, Coelho, João, Dagnew, Baye, Dai, Xiaochen, Dana, Reza, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Del Monte, Monte, Deva, Jenny, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Dreer, Laura, Ehrlich, Joshua, Ellwein, Leon, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Fernandes, Arthur, Fischer, Florian, Friedman, David, Furtado, João, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaidhane, Shilpa, Gazzard, Gus, Gebremichael, Berhe, George, Ronnie, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Golechha, Mahaveer, Hamidi, Samer, Hammond, Billy Randall, Hartnett, Mary Elizabeth R, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hay, Simon, Heidari, Golnaz, Ho, Hung Chak, Hoang, Chi Linh, Househ, Mowafa, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilic, Irena, Ilic, Milena, Ingram, April, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Kahloun, Rim, Kandel, Himal, Kasa, Ayele Semachew, Kempen, John, Keramati, Maryam, Khairallah, Moncef, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khanna, Rohit, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Kim, Judy, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Koyanagi, Ai, Kurmi, Om, Lansingh, Van Charles, Leasher, Janet, Leveziel, Nicolas, Limburg, Hans, Majdan, Marek, Manafi, Navid, Mansouri, Kaweh, McAlinden, Colm, Mohammadi, Seyed Farzad, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mokdad, Ali, Moosavi, Delaram, Morse, Alan, Naderi, Mehdi, Naidoo, Kovin, Nangia, Vinay, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Ogundimu, Kolawole, Olagunju, Andrew, Ostroff, Samuel, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peto, Tunde, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Ramulu, Pradeep, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Reinig, Nickolas, Robin, Alan, Rossetti, Luca, Safi, Sare, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Samy, Abdallah, Saxena, Deepak, Serle, Janet, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shen, Tueng, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Jae Il, Silva, Juan Carlos, Silvester, Alexander, Singh, Jasvinder, Singhal, Deepika, Sitorus, Rita, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Soheili, Amin, Sousa, Raúl, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Stambolian, Dwight, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, Tadesse, Eyayou Girma, Tahhan, Nina, Tareque, Md Ismail, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Varma, Rohit, Virgili, Gianni, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ningli, West, Sheila, Wong, Tien, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, Jonas, Jost, Vos, Theo, Holden, Funding, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University of Washington [Seattle], Imperial College London, University of Melbourne, School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, University of Adelaide, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah (UoS), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, University of Gondar, Debre Markos University, The Fred Hollows Foundation, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Samara University, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Visibility Metrics LLC, University of Texas, University Hospital of Ioannina, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Government Medical College Pali, All India Institute of Medical Sciences [New Delhi], National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ufa Eye Research Institute, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], University of Porto - Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territórioo (UP - DGAOT), Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME), University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, University of São Paulo (USP), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Haramaya University (HU), Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, University of Georgia [USA], University of Utah, Institution of Public Health Sciences, Independent Consultant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), University of Ibadan, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir, The University of Sydney, Bahir Dar University (BDU), Harvard University, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Health Services Academy, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Xiamen University, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Kristiania University College = Høyskolen Kristiania, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], HelpMeSee, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Health Information Services, Trnava University, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Glaucoma Research Center, Singleton Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation [University of Washington], Iran University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran] (IUMS), Lighthouse Guild, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Suraj Eye Institute, Duy Tan University, Sightsavers, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Maharishi Markandeshwar University [Mullana] (MM(DU)), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Public Health England [London], Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Thea, Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg., Bourne, R. R. A., Steinmetz, J. D., Flaxman, S., Briant, P. S., Taylor, H. R., Resnikoff, S., Casson, R. J., Abdoli, A., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Afshin, A., Ahmadieh, H., Akalu, Y., Alamneh, A. A., Alemayehu, W., Alfaar, A. S., Alipour, V., Anbesu, E. W., Androudi, S., Arabloo, J., Arditi, A., Asaad, M., Bagli, E., Baig, A. A., Barnighausen, T. W., Battaglia Parodi, M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, M., Bottone, M., Braithwaite, T., Bron, A. M., Butt, Z. A., Cheng, C. -Y., Chu, D. -T., Cicinelli, M. V., Coelho, J. M., Dagnew, B., Dai, X., Dana, R., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Del Monte, M. A., Deva, J. P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dreer, L. E., Ehrlich, J. R., Ellwein, L. B., Emamian, M. H., Fernandes, A. G., Fischer, F., Friedman, D. S., Furtado, J. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gaidhane, S., Gazzard, G., Gebremichael, B., George, R., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Hamidi, S., Hammond, B. R., Hartnett, M. E. R., Hartono, R. K., Hay, S. I., Heidari, G., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Househ, M., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Ingram, A. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Jha, R. P., Kahloun, R., Kandel, H., Kasa, A. S., Kempen, J. H., Keramati, M., Khairallah, M., Khan, E. A., Khanna, R. C., Khatib, M. N., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kurmi, O. P., Lansingh, V. C., Leasher, J. L., Leveziel, N., Limburg, H., Majdan, M., Manafi, N., Mansouri, K., Mcalinden, C., Mohammadi, S. F., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mokdad, A. H., Moosavi, D., Morse, A. R., Naderi, M., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ogundimu, K., Olagunju, A. T., Ostroff, S. M., Panda-Jones, S., Pesudovs, K., Peto, T., Syed, Z. Q., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ramulu, P. Y., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reinig, N., Robin, A. L., Rossetti, L., Safi, S., Sahebkar, A., Samy, A. M., Saxena, D., Serle, J. B., Shaikh, M. A., Shen, T. T., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Silva, J. C., Silvester, A., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sitorus, R. S., Skiadaresi, E., Skirbekk, V., Soheili, A., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Spurlock, E. E., Stambolian, D., Taddele, B. W., Tadesse, E. G., Tahhan, N., Tareque, Md. I., Topouzis, F., Tran, B. X., Travillian, R. S., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Varma, R., Virgili, G., Wang, N., Wang, Y. X., West, S. K., Wong, T. Y., Zaidi, Z., Zewdie, K. A., Jonas, J. B., and Vos, T.

Subjects
Visual acuity, genetic structures, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Visual impairment, Glaucoma, Blindness, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, education, Eye diseases, Medicine(all), Near vision impairments, education.field_of_study, business.industry, General Medicine, Presbyopia, Systematic reviews, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 3. Good health, medicine.symptom, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990–2020, and forecasts for 2050. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and

Published
2020
Full Text
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15. Biodiversity conservation in the sacred groves of north-west Ethiopia: diversity and community structure of woody species

Author

Luc Lens, Ferehiwot Mequanint, Diederik Strubbe, Enyew Adgo, Shimeles Aynalem, Amaury Frankl, Alemayehu Wassie, Jan Nyssen, Bart Muys, Bahir Dar University (BDU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This study received financial support from VLIR-UOS, Belgium through the VLIR-IUC Interuniversity cooperation with Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia (BDU-IUC, and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Extinction debts, PATCHES, IMPACT, Evolution, Seedling, Biodiversity & Conservation, Biodiversity, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Metapopulation, Sacred grove, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Recruitment credit, Ecosystem services, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Behavior and Systematics, Abundance (ecology), Fragmentation, lcsh:QH540-549.5, ASSEMBLAGES, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, CHURCH FORESTS, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Agricultural matrix, ENVIRONMENT, Science & Technology, Habitat fragmentation, LANDSCAPE, Ecology, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Geography, EXTINCTION, Habitat, HABITAT FRAGMENTATION, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Conservation, Species richness, VEGETATION, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RESPONSES
Abstract

International audience; Forest fragmentation is globally pervasive but especially severe in tropical forests, as exemplified by the state of Afrotropical montane forests in Ethiopia, where remnant forests almost exclusively exists as small, isolated fragments centered around churches, forming networks of partially intact ‘habitat islands.’ Church forests deliver ecosystem services such as forest products and erosion control, and are considered a benchmark for assessing forest biodiversity quality. However, safeguarding church forest integrity necessitates a better understanding of the factors determining their biodiversity and community structure. Therefore, we surveyed a network of church forests southeast of Lake Tana to assess factors explaining their tree species richness and composition. We found that the 24 church forests studied here represent about 20% of the ca. 270 tree species that occur in tropical northeast Africa. All surveyed forests however face strong extinction debts, with five tree species at risk of completely disappearing from the region and many more species only regenerating in a limited number of church forests. Church forest integrity partially reflected the anthropogenic pressure on the area, as forest regeneration tended to be stronger in fenced church forests. Seedling abundance depended on the local presence of large, mature conspecific trees and on the geographic distance to potential source populations of seeds, strongly suggest that metapopulation dynamics likely are important. We conclude that church forest conservation and minimizing further degradation of the landscape matrix are needed to help sustaining the ecological and socioeconomic potential of this unique network of remnant forests.

Published
2020
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16. Simulation and parametric study on a Beta-type Stirling refrigerating machine

Author

Muluken Zegeye GETIE, François Lanzetta, Sylvie Bégot, Admassu, Bimrew T., Steve Djetel-Gothe, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bahir Dar University (BDU)

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, a parametric investigation of domestic regenerative Stirling refrigeratingmachines is conducted using a modified simple model. The model is adapted from an ideal adiabaticengine model and different losses have been included at different stage based on their effect. Themodel is validated experimentally using the Beta type FEMTO 60 Stirling engine as a case study.The simulation and experimental results show that the coefficient of performance of the Stirling cyclerefrigerator at a charging pressure of 17.5 bar, frequency of 12.1 Hz, cold end temperature of −22oCand using nitrogen as a working fluid are found as 38.2% and 35% respectively. Furthermore, theeffects of phase angle, working fluid type, operating pressure, and operating frequency of a machine onthe performance of a regenerating Stirling cycle refrigerator are investigated.

Published
2020

17. Reversed regenerative Stirling cycle machine for refrigeration application: A review

Author

Getie, Muluken Zegeye, Lanzetta, François, Bégot, Sylvie, Admassu, Bimrew T, Hassenc, Abdulkadir A, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bahir Dar University (BDU)

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract

International audience; The Stirling cycle machines have many applications as prime mover and cooling purpose. A review is presented for the development of regenerative Stirling cycle machines in the refrigeration area. The Stirling cycle refrigerators of gas cycle machines, which are the counterparts of the Stirling engines. They can operate from low temperature to moderate temperature applications. The present paper describes an overview of the Stirling refrigerating machine and its associated researches carried out in this area.Initially, the review explains the general working principle, the configuration and the drive mechanisms as well as the research findings within the range from low-temperature cryocoolers to moderate temperature cooling applications. Furthermore, this review points out and discusses the various models and methods of optimization to improve the performance of the Stirling cycle refrigerator.

Published
2020

18. The use of variation theory in a problem-based task design study

Author

Kassa, Berie, Ding, Liping, Bahir Dar University (BDU), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Utrecht University, Uffe Thomas Jankvist, Marja van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, Michiel Veldhuis, and Veldhuis, Michiel

Subjects
Variation theory, patterns of variation and invariance, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, problem-based task design, [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this pilot study is to test the usefulness of variation theory as a theoretical framework in guiding the researcher to design the main study of developing students’ deep learning in mathematics. Both Marton’s variation theory of learning and Gu’s theory of teaching with variation were used in the design-based pilot study. Two teachers and 106 Grade four students from an elementary school in a large north-west city in Ethiopia participated in the pilot study. The pilot study data included transcripts of audio-recording of preparatory meetings (the first author with the two teachers) and students’ interview, video-recording of lesson observation, and pre and post-tests. The pilot study topic was of learning concepts of area and perimeter of rectangles. We find that the theoretical framework of variation helped us to address the systematic use of patterns of variation and invariance in the problem-based task design and to analyze the three patterns of variation in the problem-based tasks implementation in the classroom learning.

Published
2019

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