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The article examines current trends in teaching foreign languages at universities, focusing on conceptual changes that have occurred recently. The transition from traditional methods focused on theory and memorization to modern technologies that provide accessibility to educational materials and courses is considered. Particular attention is paid to the «gesture technique», focusing on pronunciation skills and intonation, developed by Professor L.V. Velichkova. The importance of technologies, such as online classes and mobile applications, is emphasized, as well as the introduction of educational technology «quest», which promotes the development of critical thinking. The presented approach is focused on creating an interactive and flexible educational environment, which is important for the successful study of Italian and Spanish in a modern university.

The globalization of the problem of the formation of bacterial strains poly- and pan-resistant to known antimicrobial drugs creates high risks in the healthcare sector. The threat of a return to the «pre-antibiotic» era dictates the need to search for alternative forms of antibacterial therapy. Phage therapy, based on the use of a natural, widely distributed in the environment, accessible antimicrobial agent, is again becoming relevant. The article highlights the mechanisms of antiviral protection of prokaryotes at various stages of interaction between the virus and the target cell. Revealing the secrets of the confrontation between bacteria and viruses, their co-evolution is necessary to increase the effectiveness of phage therapy and develop modern means of overcoming bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.

The possibility of the use of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) flour, which application is almost unknown in our confectionary, was presented in this article. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mung bean flour on the quality of sucrose-sweetened sponge cake through its physical and sensory characteristics. Two types of sponge cakes made by a partial and full substitution of wheat flour with mung bean flour were proposed. The methods of descriptive sensory analysis were used for a comparative analysis of the new cakes and the control sucrose-sweetened sponge cake. The newly obtained baker’s goods were characterized with good quality characteristics in comparison with those of the cake without mung bean flour (the control cake-sample). Wheat flour could be replaced up to 100 % with mung bean flour for the preparation of sponge cakes without resulting in an unacceptable product in terms of its physical and sensory characteristics. Increasing mung bean flour up to 50 % had most significant effect on textural sensory characteristics. On the grounds of the received results, it can be expected a potential consumer interest in bakery sweet products enriched with vegetable functional ingredients.

Background. There is a large body of empirical evidence supporting the positive effects of systematic exercise on cognitive development of children and adolescents. However, the results on the immediate effect of physical activity on cognitive functions (in particular attention and memory) which can potentially come immediately after exercise, are practically lacking or quite contradictory. Objective. The study had its purpose to investigate the immediate effect of physical activity on the measures of attention span and working memory capacity in adolescents. Study Participants. The study involved 190 schoolchildren (54% girls) aged 13–17 (M = 14.73, SD = 1.61) from several regions of Russian Federation. Methods. The “Schulte's tables” were used for diagnostics of attention stability. Working memory scores were measured by means of “Memorization of 10 words”. Results. Comparison of averages demonstrated no significant differences in the indicators of attention stability before and after physical activity (t = 9401, p = 0.131). In contrast, working memory indices were significantly lower after exercise (W = 7257, p < 0.001). Apart from that, girls were shown to memorize and reproduce on average more material than boys. Conclusions. Thus, the obtained results indicate that there is no immediate positive effect of physical activity on the attention span and working memory capacity in adolescents. This may mean that the relationship between the indicators of attention stability, working memory capacity and physical activity is more complex and nonlinear, which requires further study.

Introduction. The state of a person’s psychological safety determines his/her effective functioning in a crisis situation. The significance of this state and its support increase sharply in a social situation of uncertainty, in which there is no stability of the external environment and there are many threats to the physical and mental status of a person. Such a tense sociocultural situation is currently typical for the new territories of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is empirical substantiation of the structure of psychological safety of students studying in new territories of the Russian Federation, and the identification of personal resources that support this state. Materials and Methods. The study sample consisted of 1,034 people studying in the Zaporozhye region. Methods for collecting empirical data: a questionnaire of subjective well-being; indices of acceptance of aggressive, addictive, self-harming, suicidal, risky, delinquent behavior as normative and acceptance of the ideas of extremism, nationalism, xenophobia, fascism; “TromsØ Social Intelligence Scale”, “Cognitive Regulation of Emotions”, “Life Style Index”; indicators reflecting value orientations related to human life, health and safety, value orientations of social interaction and personal development were used. Factor and linear regression analyzes were used to process the data. Results. The structure of psychological safety of students studying in new territories of the Russian Federation has been empirically determined. It consists of 7 components: subjective well-being, assessment of the acceptance of such forms of behavior as aggressive, addictive, self-harming and suicidal, risky, delinquent as normative, as well as assessment of acceptance of ideas of extremism, nationalism, xenophobia and fascism. The composition of personal resources of the state of students’ psychological safety in a tense sociocultural environment has been proven. Discussion and Conclusion. The identified personal resources of psychological safety of students studying in new territories of the Russian Federation are the basis for developing a model of psychological and pedagogical support in an educational organization and creating psychological technologies that meet the real needs of a tense socio-cultural environment.

The radiative heat transfer in arc plasma models is considered from the point of view of its description in terms of a net emission coefficient, the method of spherical harmonics in its lowest order, and the discrete ordinate method. Net emission coefficients are computed, applying approximate analytical and numerical approaches and a multi-band representation of the spectral absorption coefficient with three kinds of its averaging and two datasets. Self-consistent access to the radiative heat transfer is applied to a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of a free-burning arc in argon at atmospheric pressure. The results obtained from the models employing the net emission coefficient, the method of spherical harmonics, and the discrete ordinate method are compared.

The first search for the lepton number violating decay K+→π0π−μ+e+ and lepton flavour violating decays K+→π0π+μ−e+, K+→π0π+μ+e− has been performed using a dataset collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN in 2016–2018. Upper limits of 2.9×10−10, 3.1×10−10 and 5.0×10−10, respectively, are obtained at 90% CL for the branching ratios of the three decays on the assumption of uniform phase-space distributions.

Global social transformations affected people are taking place in the modern world. This influence can negatively affect representatives of the younger generation – students who do not have personal and social maturity and are in the process of professional development. The problem of the study is to identify the resources for psychological safety of students in a tense sociocultural environment. The article presents a review of scientific works from 2019 to 2023 using the electronic bibliographic databases RSCI and Scopus. More than 70 scientific articles with the results of theoretical and empirical studies of the problem of human psychological safety resources in a tense sociocultural environment were analyzed. The studies involved civilians living in territories with special conditions, including territories of military conflicts: teenagers, adults, students. Based on the results of a systematic review, a theoretical model is proposed. It includes external and internal resources for the psychological safety of students in a tense sociocultural environment. The features of students' socialization and the resources of the educational environment are identified as key external resources. Internal ones include cognitive regulation of emotions, constructive defense mechanisms, prosocial values and social intelligence, which act as the main resources for overcoming traumatic experiences, influencing subjective well-being and ensuring the psychological safety of students. The proposed theoretical model can serve as the basis for the development of psychological support programs for students. Research prospects can be presented in the context of empirical verification of the theoretical model.

Introduction. Yellow wood anemone (Anemone ranunculoides L.) is a herbaceous perennial. This plant grows in the European parts of Russia, Ciscaucasia, Siberia, Central Europe and other regions. It has many different pharmacological activities: immunomodulatory, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, diuretic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and antirheumatic activity. These various effects are due to their biologically active compounds, which include ephemeroids, protoanemonin, saponins, tannins, resins, ascorbic acid, ranunculin, oils lipids and triterpene glycosides. As to phenolic compounds, currently there is no sufficient information on flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) profiles in different species of genus Anemone. Because these groups of compounds are quite specific for yellow wood anemone, their detailed study seems to be relevant.Aim. The objective of this research is to identify and quantify flavonoids, HCAs, and their conjugates in Yellow wood anemone leaves, flowers and rhizomes with roots.Materials and methods. The identification was carried out by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC–DAD–ESI-MS) with quantification of individual compounds by external calibration method.Results and discussion. Among the 47 compounds, 30 flavonoids and 17 derivatives of HCAs were detected. Quercetin glycosides were found to be the major flavonoids in aerial parts whereas chalcone glycosides – in underground parts. The major HCA in rhizomes with roots was feruloyltartaric acid (1.18 mg/g) whereas chlorogenic acid was predominant in leaves and flowers (8.68 mg/g and 2.62 mg/g accordingly). The total content of phenolic compounds was estimated at 60 mg/g on a dry weight basis.Conclusion. As a result of the research a detailed profile of flavonoids and HCAs acids of anemon was described. The data obtained can serve to identify this species in the standardization of medicinal plant materials and taxonomic studies.

One of the most acute and poorly predicted social problems in modern educational institutions around the world and in Russia has become school shooting (armed mass attacks) with tragic consequences and a long-term subsequent media effect. Revenge, the will to power, the search for universal attention: what motivates school shooters and generates a chain of subsequent tragic attacks in educational institutions? To a large extent, this is determined not only by internal factors (mental, behavioral characteristics), but also by external influence, including informational ones. The study is devoted to the study of a underexplored segment of fan-literature about school shooting and its participants, posted on the Wattpat and Ficbook media resources, from the position of identifying the main gender, thematic and content characteristics that contribute to maintaining interest in school shooting, its glorification and mythologization. The characteristic of the specifics, forms and mechanisms of promoting the ideas of school shooting in the media environment is obtained by the example of communities of creators and readers of fanfiction. The study was carried out using the methodological capabilities of modern communication theories as well as using Data-Science. It has been revealed that through fan literature, the topic of school shooting has largely become legalized, expanded its audience, and became a “gray zone”, poorly controlled from the outside.

T.A. Avanesova1,2, J.G. Oganezova3,4, V.V. Anisimova5, A.B. Baeva3,6, D.H. Miaev1 1LLC "Liga+”, Reutov, Russian Federation 2LLC "Eye Microsurgery Center of Moscow Region", Sergiev Posad, Russian Federation 3Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 4Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation 5Central Clinical Hospital and Polyclinic of the Department for Presidential Affairs, Moscow, Russian Federation 6Hospital for War Veterans No. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation Aim: to evaluate the prevalence of macular dysfunction in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) of different age and sex based on fundus photographs. Materials and Methods: this work is part of a study involving medical institutions of five cities of the Russian Federation. 367 patients with diabetes (34.88% males and 65.12% females; mean age 50.88±20.55 years) were enrolled, including 34.88% with T1D and 65.12% with T2D. The mean disease duration was 9.02±7.22 years. 58.31% of the patients had a history of hypertension and 13.08% a history of smoking. The ophthalmologists evaluated two-field fundus photographs and graded the changes as M0 (no diabetic changes in the macula) or M1 (diabetic changes in the macula). Non-diabetic changes were not included in the analysis. The presence of exudates, microaneurysms or hemorrhages within 1 DD from the center of the fovea, circular or clustered exudates in the macular area were evaluated. Results: diabetic maculopathy (DM) was found in 47 (12.81%) patients. DM was associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in 18 (4.90%) patients. DM was mainly observed in patients with T2D (15.90%), in women (8.45%) and bilaterally (8.17%). There were no significant differences in visual acuity between patients with and without diabetes. There was a trend towards an increased prevalence of DM in older patients with a history of T2D of 15–25 years (p>0.05). No significant differences were found in the incidence of DM and DM+DR according to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. DM developed in 11.11% of patients with HbA1c≤7.5% and in 15.79% of patients with HbA1c>7.5% (p=0.260). There was a trend towards an increased prevalence of DM in smokers (20.83% vs. 11.60% in non-smokers, p=0.120). Elevated blood pressure did not affect the incidence of DM. Conclusion: these findings (some of which were presented in the previous publication and will be presented in the next one) emphasize the efficacy of two-field mydriatic fundus photography as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy. Keywords: diabetes, retina, diabetic maculopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, screening, fundus photography, prevalence, two-field photography, risk groups. For citation: Avanesova T.A., Oganezova J.G., Anisimova V.V., Baeva A.B., Miaev D.H. Two-field mydriatic fundus photography to assess the prevalence of macular disorder in diabetes. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(3):102–108 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-3-1.

The review presents literature data about the anatomical structure, morphology and structural features of the optic nerve (ON). Four ON regions are detailed: intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular and intracranial. Specifically, the features of the intraocular region are outlined. It is divided into three zones: the surface nerve fiber layer, the prelaminar part and the lamina cribrosa of the sclera, which differ in histological structure and blood supply. The data on the coats of the intraorbital part include the details of the hard (dura mater), arachnoid and the soft (pia mater) coats. Other data represent the morphological structures of the intracanalicular and the intracranial parts of the ON. The distinctive features of blood supply in different ON regions are discussed.The information about the anatomical characteristics and structural features of the ON is important for studying the pathogenesis of the optic nerve´s damage.

The paper is devoted to the microstructural evidence of key reaction steps in the combustion synthesis of SiC particulate reinforced Ti3SiC2 ceramic matrix composites from multilayer stack of titanium foils and polymer films filled with SiC and TiC particles. It was found that the primary interaction step results in the formation of intermediate product layer, which exhibits a duplex microstructure consisting of a continuous Ti5Si3 matrix embedded with islands of TiC0.52 particles. Next, in the combustion step, a significant rise in the sample temperature leads to complete melting of the titanium foils. The molten titanium infiltrates then the area occupied by SiC and TiC particles. Finally, the peritectic reaction between Ti-rich melt and carbide particles results in the formation of a Ti3SiC2 MAX phase matrix. An excess quantity of SiC particles remains uniformly entrapped within the matrix, eventually giving a microstructure of particulate-reinforced ceramic matrix composite.

Staphylococcus aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of nosocomial infections, which primarily requires development of new therapeutic strategies.Aim of the study was to investigate the level and spectrum of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolates for further isolation of virulent bacteriophages.Material and methods. The study used samples of clinical material obtained on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital No. 3 named after S.M. Kirov (Astrakhan). Bacterial strains isolated from patients were identified on the basis of morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular genetic characteristics. The determination of the resistance of the isolated cultures was carried out by the disco-diffusion method using standardized commercial discs with antibiotics, in accordance with the guidelines.Results. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated during the study of clinical material from patients and analysis of sensitivity level of isolated strains of S. aureus allow us to conclude that all S. aureus isolated from patients are resistant to at least one antibiotic, and most strains are characterized by multidrug resistance to antibiotics.Conclusions. The presence of multi-resistant strains indicates the need to search for new approaches in the treatment of staphylococcal infection and to develop effective means for combination therapy based on virulent staphylococcal bacteriophages.

The issues of sustainability of border regions and macro-regions are largely related to the level of cooperation and integration in the social sphere, including in the scientific and educational space. The Caspian region, as a unique complex of states historically linked by economic, legal and socio-cultural processes, is an example where such cooperation is implemented in the activities of the Association of State Universities and Research Centers of the Caspian Countries (hereinafter —Association).Aim and tasks . The purpose of the study is to characterize scientific and educational cooperation in the international space of the Caspian region on the example of the Association.Methods. The research methods are related to the possibilities of a multifactorial integrated approach in assessing regional processes and the activities of an international association in its historical development and situational analysis.Results . As the results, the directions of activity and forms of cooperation of the Association’s members that contribute to strengthening the sustainability of the region are presented. The main vectors of the organization’s development and difficulties that need to be overcome are identified.Conclusions . In order to strengthen good-neighborly relations and partnership, the Association and the implemented practices of building multilateral relations by universities are of indisputable importance. These ties greatly contribute to the formation of a culture of understanding and respect between countries, recognition of their achievements, contribute to their development and mutual enrichment.

Purpose: a comparative analysis of biometric parameters of the optic nerve obtained by different diagnostic ultrasound sensors.Material and methods. We examined 20 healthy volunteers with emmetropia aged 20 to 40 years (40 eyes), average age 30.5 ± 5.4 years, who had no complaints or ophthalmic pathologies. Ultrasound scanning was performed on a multifunctional Voluson E8 (GE) scanner (11–18 MHz linear sensor), ophthalmic ultrasound device Ellex Eyecubed (a conventional 10 MHz transducer) and an ophthalmic scanner Absolu «Quantel Medical» (a 20 MHz transducer). All examinations were carried out by one operator who used the same scanning technique and measured the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and optic nerve diameter (OND) without sheaths in both eyes. Six consequent measurements of the ONSD and the OND parameters were performed to ascertain the reproducibility of the examinations and evaluate the variation coefficient.Results. The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the ONSD and in the OND obtained with 11–18 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz transducers in the B-mode (р > 0.05). The minimum variation coefficient of the optic nerve thickness parameters was registered using a high-frequency 20 MHz transducer on the ophthalmic scanner. The biometry obtained with a high frequency 20 MHz transducer could be considered as the most reproducible.Conclusion. A high frequency 20 MHz transducer can be recommended for optimal visualization and precise evaluation of biometric parameters of the retrobulbar part of the optic nerve. Transducers of multifunctional scanners with the frequency range from 11 to 20 MHz can be used for measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter.

Purpose: to determine elements of irrigation technology for young vineyard plantations using the drip irrigation method on various types of soil in the Republic of Crimea and test them under the conditions of this region. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the village of Pavlovka, Belogorsky district of the Republic of Crimea. The establishment of field experiments and observations were carried out using generally accepted methods for setting up and conducting field experiments. Results. As a result of the research, the water-physical properties of soils of the Republic of Crimea were analyzed and rational elements of the technology for irrigating young vineyard plantations using drip irrigation on various types of soils (limits of optimal soil moisture, dripper consumption, wetted depth, irrigation period and water application rate) were calculated. When calculating the irrigation regime for the drip irrigation method, it is necessary to take into account the wetted layer depth, the physical properties of soil, the planting pattern, the moisture contour shape, the dripper flow rate and pre-irrigation soil moisture. The elements of irrigation technology for young vineyard plantations vary significantly, for example, the recommended flow rate of drippers varies from 2–4 l/h on chernozems to 6–8 l/h on light chestnut soils and steppe solonetzes, while the duration of irrigation varies from 2–3 h on light chestnut soils up to 6–9 h on ordinary chernozems. Conclusions. When testing the results, it was found that the drip irrigation method has a positive effect on the survival rate of table grape cuttings. On average, this indicator for varieties was 98.8%. For soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Crimea, the varieties Sport, Podarok to Irina, Baikonur and Zabava turned out to be the most responsive in terms of their morphological characteristics. During the growing season of the first year young table grapes (in a medium-dry year), 16 irrigations of 30 cubic m/ha with an irrigation rate of 480 cubic m/ha were carried out, while the total water consumption excluding the use of moisture from soil was 3740 cubic m/ha.

Abstract Measurement of the ultra-rare K + → π + ν ν ¯ $$ {K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$ decay at the NA62 experiment at CERN requires high-performance particle identification to distinguish muons from pions. Calorimetric identification currently in use, based on a boosted decision tree algorithm, achieves a muon misidentification probability of 1.2 × 10 −5 for a pion identification efficiency of 75% in the momentum range of 15–40 GeV/c. In this work, calorimetric identification performance is improved by developing an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network classifier augmented by a filter. Muon misidentification probability is reduced by a factor of six with respect to the current value for a fixed pion-identification efficiency of 75%. Alternatively, pion identification efficiency is improved from 72% to 91% for a fixed muon misidentification probability of 10 −5.

The digitalization of education can radically change the essence of education as a space of communication, dialogue, socialization, forming not only knowledge but social skills as well. The goal of the study is to characterize and systematize social and anthropological risks of digitalization of educational institutions. The study is based on existential-axiological approach which concerns principles of safety communicative-educational environment as a phenomenon of e-culture. Besides this, the study included pilot expert interviews of the educators working in digital education environment. It was concluded that despite the general positive background of the questionnaire answers, experts do not deny the presence of certain risks including the risks associated with information security. Study of main risk factors associated with the ICTs in education showed that the risk-related socio-psychological consequences of digitalization could cause behavioral disorders including asocial and self-destructive mindsets, Internet addiction, nomophobia, escapism, absorption in virtual worlds etc. It is suggested that to overcome the riskogenic factors, it is necessary to develop a system of safe communicative and educational environment for secondary and high education systems, following the impact of digitalization. That will allow effective monitoring of riskogenic factors and selecting the most effective forms of learning, taking into account individualization of students' educational trajectories.

Objective. Empirical study of the criteria for assessing the adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and Far East to the educational environment of colleges and the study of the features of their adaptation. Background. The relevance of studying the features of adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation to the educational environment of colleges is due to the high importance of secondary vocational education for the preservation and development of the culture of these peoples. Study design. Factor analysis made it possible to identify indicators of students' adaptation to the educational environment of the college (adaptation criteria). To clarify the features of the adaptability of students-representatives of the SIM and Far East and the role of environmental factors mediating adaptation, correlation, variance analysis, as well as analysis of the significance of differences were used. Participants. Students-representatives of the of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation – 304 people (179 girls, 125 boys). Students of the comparison group – 416 people (195 girls, 221 boys). Measurements. Russian-language version of the Scale of Sociocultural Adaptation J. Wilson', K. Ward', et al. The author's scale of self-assessment of the degree of satisfaction with the main aspects of life. Author's questionnaire for assessing the degree of adaptation to an educational organization. Results. Three groups of indicators of students' adaptability to the educational environment of the college are identified: academic adaptation (23% of the variance), sociocultural adaptation (13%) and psychological adaptation (13%). Indigenous and minority students and comparison groups do not differ in terms of socio-cultural and psychological adaptation, while indicators of academic adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation are higher than in the comparison group in the conditions of the homogeneity of the socio-cultural environment of the college and lower in the conditions of its heterogeneity. Conclusions. The indicators for assessing the adaptability of students are independent of each other and allow assessing the features of adaptation to an educational organization, educational activities and group; features of adaptation to a new socio-cultural environment, as well as the degree of emotional well-being of the individual.

The paper presents the results of studying the resources of academic, socio-cultural and psychological adaptation of students representing indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East to college. The sample consisted of 720 students, of which 304 people (58% girls) identify themselves as representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East. The collection of empirical data was carried out using questionnaires (Scale of academic motivation; Questionnaire of online and offline coping; The Child and Youth Resilience Measure; Types of ethnic identity questionnaire; Scales of Psychological problems of adolescents; Methodology psychological safety of the educational environment). The adaptability of students was studied using the Scale of Socio-Cultural Adaptation; Self-assessment scales of satisfaction with various aspects of life; author's questionnaire. Regression analysis revealed invariant predictors (emotional attitude towards college, satisfaction with the educational environment of the college, adaptation to the amount of homework in the educational process) only for academic adaptation. Indicators of introjected learning motivation are also significant for predicting the success of academic adaptation of students representing the Indigenous Minorities and the Far East. The predictor of socio-cultural adaptation for the students representing the North, Siberia and the Far East nations is the level of ethno-egoism. Coping strategies and the size of the settlement predict the psychological adaptation this group students. The results obtained can contribute to the optimization of the process of socio-psychological adaptation of students-representatives the Indigenous Minorities to study in colleges.

Manifestations of school shooting or ‘columbine’, constituted by armed mass attacks and murders in educational institutions perpetrated by adolescents, have proliferated in recent years. They are marked by their unpredictability, spontaneity and cruelty. This phenomenon has been subject to scholarly examination from various perspectives, enabling the elucidation of its multifarious traits and characteristics as a means of diagnosis and prevention. This study surveys established academic approaches to the study of school shootings (psychological, legal, sociological, semiotic, existential) and delineates their specificity and scope. Drawing on analysis of incidents of school shootings in Russia from 2014-2022, key signs and tendencies in the occurrence of mass attacks on educational institutions are delineated. Adopting existential approaches in philosophy and psychology, notably the works of A. Camus, E. Fromm, M. Boss, V. Frankl and L. Berkowitz, the semantic stages and constituents of school shootings as existential crimes and subsequent suicides are elucidated. The present study aims to identify and characterise the roots and essence of school shootings ('columbine') as an existential crime type, in order to comprehend the semantic motivational origins of school shootings and analyse the ‘boundary situation’ engendering individual destructive rebellion against the world. The nexus between unresolved existential needs and quandaries of the individual and the factors triggering self-destructive personality mechanisms is expounded, whereby the individual enacts an ‘escape’ from reality against the backdrop of media-disseminated aggressiveness and legitimation of violence as a means of overcoming problems and self-presentation. The existential analysis and modelling of school shooters’ actions offered here has enabled conclusions to be drawn regarding potential countermeasures to such crimes.

Halide perovskite light-emitting electrochemical cells are a novel type of the perovskite optoelectronic devices that differs from the perovskite light-emitting diodes by a simple monolayered architecture. Here, we develop a perovskite electrochemical cell both for light emission and detection, where the active layer consists of a composite material made of halide perovskite microcrystals, polymer support matrix, and added mobile ions. The perovskite electrochemical cell of CsPbBr3:PEO:LiTFSI composition, emitting light at the wavelength of 523 nm, yields the luminance more than 7000 cd/m2 and electroluminescence efficiency of 1.3×105 lm/W. The device fabricated on a silicon substrate with transparent single-walled carbon nanotube film as a top contact exhibits 40% lower Joule heating compared to the perovskite optoelectronic devices fabricated on conventional ITO/glass substrates. Moreover, the device operates as a photodetector with a sensitivity up to 0.75 A/W, specific detectivity of 8.56×1011 Jones, and linear dynamic range of 48 dB. The technological potential of such a device is proven by demonstration of 24-pixel indicator display as well as by successful device miniaturization by creation of electroluminescent images with the smallest features less than 50 μm.

Abstract A sample of 1.3 × 105 K + → π 0 e + νγ candidates with less than 1% background was collected by the NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS in 2017–2018. Branching fraction measurements are obtained at percent relative precision in three restricted kinematic regions, improving on existing results by a factor larger than two. An asymmetry, possibly related to T-violation, is investigated with no evidence observed within the achieved precision.