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Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Nursing Activities Score. Methods: To validate the Turkish version of the Nursing Activities Score, a sample comprising 30 adult intensive care patients and 30 nurses was employed. After a pilot study, the internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was found to be p = 0.718. Following the significant internal consistency obtained in the pilot study, the correlation between Nursing Activities Score internal consistency and Critical Nursing Situation Index scores was examined in 150 adult intensive care patients and 150 nurses. Results: The assessment of inter-rater reliability showed a high level of agreement (99%) and an average Kappa index of 0.598 (p < 0.001). Concurrent validity was demonstrated through a statistically significant correlation between Nursing Activities Score and the Critical Nursing Situation Index (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) and multivariate regression analysis (R2 = 83%, p < 0.001). The validity is supported by the statistically significant relationship between Nursing Activities Score and Critical Nursing Situation Index. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Nursing Activities Score is a valid and reliable tool for measuring nursing workload in Turkish intensive care units. Trial registration: Samsun University Samsun Training and Research Hospital, following ethics committee approval (Samsun University clinical research ethics committee (KAEK) 202312/2) and Clinical Trials (NCT04928040) registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumors of unknown etiology composed of myofibroblastic cells admixed with inflammatory cells. Presented is a 72‐year‐old male hospitalized for severe abdominal pain and hematochezia with onset of associated symptoms of fever and sweats a few hours prior to abdominal pain. A computed tomography (CT) demonstrated left colonic thickening interpreted as partial obstruction, gross adhesions, and ischemia. At surgery, marked bowel ischemia from the distal transverse to proximal sigmoid colon was seen with extensive gross adhesions. Histopathology revealed a mesenteric mass chiefly composed of stellate‐to‐spindled myofibroblastic cells and fibrous adhesions, intermixed with lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells. The tumor was positive for desmin, smooth muscle actin, and keratin; tumor staging, grade, and postsurgical follow‐up were not completed as the patient expired postoperatively. Illustrated is a rare pathologic mimic of ischemic colitis with fibrous adhesions, IMT. Thus, it should not be assumed that fibrous adhesions are always the etiology of obstruction when "adhesions" between sections of bowel are noted radiologically or surgically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the management of splenic flexure volvulus in an 84-year-old male patient through laparoscopic colopexy. The patient had a history of tubulovillous adenoma of the sigmoid colon and multiple ED visits for bowel obstruction. The decision for laparoscopic colopexy was made based on CT imaging and laparoscopy findings, indicating a highly mobile splenic flexure and redundant transverse colon. [Extracted from the article]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) presents with multiple symptoms. The 4‐step BOUNCED diet educates patients to self‐manage oral intake according to symptoms. It includes clear fluids, thin liquids, purée and soft, sloppy foods, which are low in fibre.This mixed methods single‐arm feasibility study aimed to establish if the diet could reduce MBO symptoms in patients with inoperable colorectal and gynaecological malignancies. The secondary objectives were to investigate if it was easily followed, improved quality of life (QOL) and reduced hospital admissions. Patients able to tolerate an oral diet with one or more symptoms (pain, bloating, early satiety, nausea and vomiting) were eligible. Following informed consent, an oncology dietitian took a diet history and determined which step of the diet they needed to follow using a detailed patient information leaflet. Patients remained on the trial for 28 days. Symptom and QOL data were collected on Days 1 and 28 using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC‐QLQ‐C30) questionnaires.Thirty patients (24 female, 6 male) aged 18–85 years consented from March 2021 to November 2022. Twenty‐six participants completed the trial and 25 found the diet very easy or easy to understand. There was a significant reduction in pain from 96% on Day 1 to 63% on Day 28 (p = 0.004). The mean increase of EORTC global health status/QOL was 23.5 points, 95% CI (12.4–32.5) (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant difference between number of admissions (p = 0.018) and bed days (p = 0.004) in the 28 days prior to consent compared to the trial period.A modified consistency low‐fibre diet is easily followed, may reduce symptoms of MBO, admissions to hospital and improve QOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was introduced in 1995 as a means of minimally invasive surgeries that entail kidney extraction from healthy individuals. Since then, it has widely overtaken the traditional open surgical approaches, especially in live donor nephrectomy procedures worldwide. Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery is considered a more optimized surgical approach utilizing a single incision instead of four. Various studies have scrutinized many of the risk factors related to such surgeries, most commonly: vascular problems, intraoperative organ injury, and postoperative ileus. Other rare complications have not been thoroughly explored due to their decreased prevalence. Internal hernias are considered a rare complication of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery with dangerous repercussions ranging from bowel obstruction to ischemia, and necrosis. Our study presents a rare case of a trans-mesenteric internal hernia following laparoendoscopic single-site surgery. The patient was relatively healthy with no serious medical conditions. However, the past medical history did record a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome a few years back. Knowing that the occurrence of internal hernias is infrequent, we recommend that mesenteric defects be taken seriously to avoid the risk of internal hernias and their complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choledochal cysts (CCs), a congenital anomaly resulting in the abnormal dilation of the biliary ductal system, are most often identified in patients younger than 10 years of age. Regardless of clinical presentation, the cornerstone of therapy for CCs is complete surgical excision with reconstruction with either hepaticoduodenostomy or hepaticojejunostomy. Although both procedures are used by surgeons for the correction of CCs, evidence on clinical outcomes following both approaches is inconclusive as to which may offer superior reconstruction. This narrative review aims to compare the current literature regarding both approaches by evaluating their anatomic and operative considerations, as well as their perioperative, postoperative, and long-term outcomes. Future studies should closely focus on long-term, comparative outcomes, including the risk of biliary malignancy, and refine techniques to minimize complications, such as biliary reflux and bowel obstruction, in order to improve care for pediatric patients undergoing treatment for CCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma primarily involving the omentum is an extremely rare entity with variable clinical presentation. Owing to its rarity and nonspecific clinical manifestation, omental T-cell lymphoma is often diagnosed at a later stage, riddled with complications. While imaging modalities such as computed tomography scan can help a physician reach a diagnosis, cases that present with complications may require a multidisciplinary approach that combines surgical exploration along with consultation from Oncology. Case presentation: We hereby report a rare case of a 66-year-old African American male patient who presented to the emergency department with complaints of acute gastrointestinal obstruction. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed evidence of an internal hernia and surgical exploration revealed a hemorrhagic and infarcted omentum. Biopsies along with immunophenotypic studies confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic T-cell lymphoma of the omentum complicated by Massilia timonae infection. Conclusion: The case highlights the significance of considering lymphoma, although rare, as a differential in a patient who presents with small bowel obstruction and the importance of investigating for malignancy for early diagnosis and treatment of primary omental lymphomas, before complications develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an uncommon complication of long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Despite its rarity, EPS significantly increases morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing prolonged peritoneal dialysis. In children on PD, the incidence of EPS ranges from 0.5% to 7.3%. Case: We present the case of a 13‐year‐old Omani boy diagnosed with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome due to diffuse mesangial sclerosis at the age of 2 years. He was started on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) on the same year and experienced four episodes of peritonitis, which were treated successfully with intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics. In January 2023, he developed intermittent abdominal pain and chronic constipation, which progressed to daily vomiting, reduced oral intake, and weight loss. He later developed subacute intestinal obstruction which was managed conservatively. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed findings consistent with EPS. Following the diagnosis of EPS, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was discontinued, and the patient transitioned to hemodialysis. Treatment for EPS began with steroids and Tamoxifen. Subsequently, he underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation and was started on multiple immunosuppressive medications. During subsequent follow‐up appointments, he was maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) along with a soft diet. His overall condition improved significantly, enhancing his quality of life. Conclusion: This case highlights the risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) in patients undergoing long‐term peritoneal dialysis. Transitioning to hemodialysis and kidney transplantation, combined with targeted treatments such as steroids and Tamoxifen, significantly improved the patient's condition and quality of life. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for effective management of EPS in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults (≥65 yr) account for the majority of emergency laparotomies in the UK and are well characterised with reported outcomes. In contrast, there is limited knowledge on those patients that require emergency laparotomy but do not undergo surgery (NoLaps). A multicentre cohort study (n =64 UK surgical centres) recruited 750 consecutive NoLap patients (February 15th - November 15th 2021, inclusive of a 90-day follow up period). Each patient was admitted to hospital with a surgical condition treatable by an emergency laparotomy (defined by The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) criteria), but a decision was made not to undergo surgery (NoLap). NoLap patients were predominately female (452 patients, 60%), of advanced age (median age 83.0 yr, interquartile range 77.0–88.8), frail (523 patients, 70%), and had severe comorbidity (750 patients, 100%); 99% underwent CT scanning. The commonest diagnoses were perforation (26%), small bowel obstruction (17%), and ischaemic bowel (13%). The 90-day mortality was 79% and influencing factors were >80 yr, underweight BMI, elevated serum lactate or creatinine concentration. The majority of patients died in hospital (77%), with those with ischaemic bowel dying early. For the 21% of NoLap patients that survived to 90 days, 77% returned home with increased care requirements. This study reports that the NoLap patient population present significant medical challenges because of their extreme levels of comorbidity, frailty, and physiology. Despite these complexities a fifth remained alive at 90 days. Further work is underway to explore this high-risk decision-making process. ISRCTN14556210. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) due to peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is associated with poor outcomes. Optimal management for palliation remains unclear. This study aims to characterize nonoperative, procedural, and operative management strategies for MBO and evaluate its association with mortality and cost.Materials and Methods: ICD-10 coding identified patient admissions from the 2018 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for MBO with PC from gastrointestinal or ovarian primary cancers. Management was categorized as nonoperative, procedural, or surgical. Multivariate analysis was used to associate treatment with mortality and cost.Results: 356,316 patient admissions were identified, with a mean age of 63 years. Gender, race, and insurance status were similar among groups. Length of stay (LOS) was longest in the surgical group (surgical: 17 days; procedural: 14 days; nonoperative: 7 days; P = .001). In comparison to nonoperative, procedural and surgical patients had statistically higher hospital charges, post-discharge medical needs, palliative care consults, and admission to rehab centers. Mortality was 7% in nonoperative, 9% in procedural, and 8% in surgical (P = .007) groups. In adjusted analyses, older age, palliative care consult, and non-Medicare payer status were associated with higher mortality. Compared to nonoperative, procedural and surgical groups resulted in increased costs (procedural: $17K more; surgical: $30K more).Conclusions: Admissions for procedural and surgical treatment of MBO are associated with increased LOS, hospital costs, and discharge needs. Optimal management remains challenging. Clinicians must examine all options prior to recommending palliative interventions given a trend towards higher resource utilization and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adhesions are a feared complication of abdominal surgery. There have been many new adhesion barriers developed and tested; however, there is no recent systematic review analyzing all the published literature. To address this, we aimed to analyze the different types of adhesion barriers, and determine their effects on postoperative outcomes in patients. Methods: A total of 14,038 articles utilizing adhesion barriers in abdominal surgery were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were: patients undergoing abdominal surgery, patients receiving an adhesion barrier, and reported postoperative outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full-text articles using Covidence. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Study protocol: Prospero CRD42023458230. Results: A total of 20 studies, with no overall high risk of bias, with 171,792 patients were included. Most studies showed an equivocal benefit for adhesion barriers, with no singular adhesion barrier type that had definitive superior outcomes compared to the others. Bioresorbable barriers emerged as the most extensively researched adhesion barrier type, exhibiting promising results in colorectal surgery. Starch-based adhesion barriers also exhibited a reduction in overall postoperative bowel obstructions and may be beneficial for stoma sites and port closures. On the other hand, many studies raised concerns regarding complications, including risk of abscess formation, fistula development, peritonitis, and anastomotic leakage. Conclusions: Adhesion barriers should be considered on a case-by-case basis, however, they should not be utilized prophylactically in all abdominal surgeries due to their risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ileus is a common complication of major abdominal surgery, including colorectal resection. The present study aimed to assess the predictors of ileus after laparoscopic right colectomy for colon cancer. Methods: This study was a retrospective case-control analysis of a prospective IRB-approved database of patients who underwent laparoscopic right colectomy at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida. Patients who developed ileus after right colectomy were compared to patients without ileus to determine the risk factors of ileus. Results: The present study included 270 patients with a mean age of 68.7 years. Thirty-six patients (13.3%) experienced ileus after laparoscopic right colectomy. The median duration of ileus was 6 days. Factors associated with ileus were age (71.6 vs 68.2 years, P = .158), emergency colectomy (11.1% vs 3.9%, P = .082), extended hemicolectomy (19.4% vs 6.8%, P = .021), green gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) 4.8mm staple height cartridge (19% vs 8.1%, P = .114), and longer operative time (177.9 vs 160.4 minutes, P = .157). The only independent predictor of ileus was extended colectomy (OR: 16.7, P = .003). Conclusions: Increased age, emergency surgery, green GIA cartridge, and longer operative times were associated with ileus, yet the only independent predictor of ileus was extended right hemicolectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field with significant implications for radiology. Acute abdominal pain is a common clinical presentation that can range from benign conditions to life-threatening emergencies. The critical nature of these situations renders emergent abdominal imaging an ideal candidate for AI applications. CT, radiographs, and ultrasound are the most common modalities for imaging evaluation of these patients. For each modality, numerous studies have assessed the performance of AI models for detecting common pathologies, such as appendicitis, bowel obstruction, and cholecystitis. The capabilities of these models range from simple classification to detailed severity assessment. This narrative review explores the evolution, trends, and challenges in AI applications for evaluating acute abdominal pathologies. We review implementations of AI for non-traumatic and traumatic abdominal pathologies, with discussion of potential clinical impact, challenges, and future directions for the technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Patients with cancer often experience nausea. In some cases, a specific cause such as chemotherapeutic adverse effects, raised intracranial pressure or malignant bowel obstruction is identified. In other cases, no specific cause is apparent. Objective This article summarises the evidencebased management of nausea in advanced cancer. It includes the nausea of select, specific contexts such as raised intracranial pressure and bowel obstruction. Discussion It is not commonly appreciated that lowdose oral haloperidol is the standard of care arm for many trials looking to reduce nausea in advanced cancer. It is available cheaply through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. The relative merits of other medications are discussed, as are the merits of an empiric versus a mechanistic approach to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Serial transverse enteroplasty is used to treat patients with chronic intestinal failure owing to short bowel syndrome. Current literature lacks discussion of its role for other etiologies of intestinal failure and its impact on adult patients' nutrition support needs and quality of life. Methods: We performed a case series on adults with parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence who underwent serial transverse enteroplasty at Emory University Hospital, a quaternary referral center between 2011 and 2022. Data collected included demographics, operative technique, and preoperative and postoperative PN requirements. A phone survey was administered to evaluate the impact of PN and the operation on quality of life. Results: Ten patients underwent the procedure of interest during the study period. Indications included short bowel syndrome following multiple abdominal operations or intra‐abdominal catastrophe and chronic partial bowel obstruction with dysmotility. Bowel length increased by a median of 83%. All patients were discharged home after a median hospital stay of 21 days. At 1‐year follow‐up, survival was 100%, two (20%) patients fully weaned from PN, three others (30%) reduced PN frequency, and six (60%) decreased their daily parenteral energy requirement. Two additional patients fully weaned from PN by 18 months postoperatively. Conclusion: This represents one of the largest case series of serial transverse enteroplasty in adults. Small intestinal length nearly doubled, and PN dependence was reduced in most patients. Given the low morbidity and good quality of life observed in this series, this procedure should be more widely investigated for patients with chronic intestinal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rare disease. Background: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a life-threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is characterized by a fibrous membrane partially or totally encasing the small bowel and is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO). Here we present a case of a young woman with a history of PD presenting with SBO due to EPS. Case Report: A 37-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease secondary to uncontrolled hypertension previously on PD presented to the emergency department for evaluation of 1 week of intractable nausea and vomiting associated with diffuse abdominal pain. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed findings consistent with a fibrous membrane encapsulating the small bowel and a small bowel follow-through revealed an SBO. She was diagnosed with secondary stage 3 EPS due to PD. She was started on prednisone and tamoxifen with quick resolution of her symptoms. Unfortunately, due to numerous recurrent SBOs, she is now being evaluated for surgical treatment options. Conclusions: This report has presented a case of EPS, a rare complication of PD, which requires early diagnosis and management to prevent potentially fatal consequences. Management should focus on treating the underlying condition, optimizing nutrition, and using corticosteroids or tamoxifen (alone or in combination) depending on disease state and contraindications, with the aim of reducing recurrent SBOs. Failure of conservative management may require surgical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal adhesion (PA) refers to the abnormal adhesion of the peritoneum either with the peritoneum itself or with tissues and organs that is caused by abdominopelvic surgery, abdominal infection or peritoneal inflammation. PA is associated with various clinical complications, such as abdominal pain and distension, intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal disorders and female infertility, and adversely affects the quality of life of patients. Macrophages are essential for PA formation and can undergo polarization into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which are influenced by the peritoneal microenvironment. By releasing proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, M1 macrophages promote peritoneal inflammatory reactions and the resultant formation of adhesion. In contrast, M2 macrophages secrete anti‐inflammatory cytokines and growth factors to inhibit PA formation and to promote repair and healing of peritoneal tissues, and thereby play a significant anti‐inflammatory role. This review comprehensively explores the function and mechanism of macrophages and their subtypes in PA formation to gain insight into the prevention and treatment of PA based on the modulation of macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chilaiditi's sign is an incidental radiographic finding, associated with intestinal disposition located between liver and right diaphragm. It is considered as an acquired rather than a congenital condition and the prevalence ranges from 1.18% to 2.4% according to recent adult retrospective studies. The aspects of this rare entity with regards to a 7-month-old male initially misdiagnosed as diaphragmatic hernia is discussed. Case presentation: A 4-month-old Caucasian male was misdiagnosed with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia owing to previous hospitalization with complaints of respiratory tract infection. On admission 3 months later, he was free of any signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction or respiratory distress. Thorax computed tomography revealed Chilaiditi's sign. A diagnostic laparoscopy was regarded necessary to evaluate the anatomical details. The most prominent finding was the lack of muscle fibers and almost transparent appearance of the medial aspect of the partially eventrated right hemidiaphragm. Owing to delicate anatomical presentation, diaphragmatic plication was considered hazardous. The patient is doing well and under follow-up. Conclusions: It is obvious that Chilaiditi's sign is not always a completely incidental finding of no consequence, and may indicate an underlying congenital diaphragmatic pathology, clearly defined by laparoscopic evaluation in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small mesenteric hiatal hernias (SMHHs) are defined as a small group of internal hernias (IHs) that frequently diagnosed in children. However, SMHHs are relatively rare in adults. Bowel loop herniation via an abnormal mesenteric defect can lead to strangulated intestinal obstruction. Congenital SMHHs are commonly observed in pediatric patients, with some cases involving neonatal death. Case presentation: A 24-year-old healthy male patient visited our hospital with a 2-day history of a sudden onset lower abdominal pain. He was initially diagnosed with enteritis. However, his symptoms worsened, and he was brought to our hospital. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed formation of a closed loop in the small intestine within the pelvis and signs of ischemia. As the patient was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction (SBO) caused by IH, emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed to loosen the obstruction. The patient was found to have ascites and small-bowel necrosis. A part of the small intestine that measured 30 cm was strangulated via a large-diameter defect (17 × 11 cm) in the ileal mesentery. Via a small abdominal incision, the necrotic bowel was resected, and the mesenteric defect was repaired. Conclusion: SMHHs are rare in adults, and they should be considered as potential causes of strangulated intestinal obstruction in adults without a history of laparotomy or trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intestinal obstruction is a common complication in patients with advanced malignancies, often attributed to the disease itself or as a side effect of opioid analgesics used for pain management. However, the occurrence of intestinal obstruction following antituberculosis therapy is rare. Case presentation: We report a unique case of a 58-year-old Asian male diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was initiated on a regimen of ethambutol hydrochloride, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and isoniazid tablets (II) for tuberculosis, alongside morphine for the management of severe cancer-related pain. Subsequently, he developed symptoms indicative of intestinal obstruction. Despite discontinuation of morphine, the patient's symptoms persisted until he autonomously ceased all medications, leading to a rapid improvement in his condition. This unexpected resolution highlighted the antituberculosis drugs as the probable cause of his intestinal obstruction. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of considering antituberculosis drugs as a potential cause of intestinal obstruction, especially in patients who do not respond to conventional management strategies for drug-induced gastrointestinal side effects. It also emphasizes the need for heightened vigilance and monitoring when prescribing these medications to patients with advanced malignancies, to promptly identify and address rare but significant side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Abdominal surgical emergencies have a high mortality rate. Effective management primarily relies on the early identification of patients at high risk of postoperative complications. The objective of our study was to determine the prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes from abdominal surgical emergencies in Senegal and to establish a predictive score for mortality for preoperative risk evaluation (NDAR (New Death Assessment Risk) score). Methodology: This was a retrospective national cross-sectional study conducted over one year in 14 regions of Senegal. Adult patients (aged > 15 years) who presented with a traumatic or non-traumatic abdominal surgical emergency were included. The studied variables included clinical and paraclinical data. The variable of interest was death within 30 days of the surgery. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors independently associated with mortality. Risk factors identified after logistic regression analysis were weighted using odds ratio (OR) values rounded to the nearest whole number. The predictive capacity of the score was evaluated by analyzing the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve based on the area under the curve (AUC). Results: A total of 1114 patient records were included, with a mortality rate of 4.4%. Diagnoses were observed in patients included appendicitis in 39.8% of cases (n = 444), followed by peritonitis in 22.3% (n = 249), intestinal obstruction in 18.5% (n = 205), strangulated hernias in 10.5% (n = 117), and abdominal trauma in 6.1%. Logistic regression, established the following scores: age > 40 years (score 2), ASA status grade 2 or higher (score 1), presence of a positive QSIRS score (score 2), diagnosis of peritonitis (score 2), diagnosis of intestinal obstruction (score 1), and the presence of intestinal necrosis (score 3). The score is positive if the total is strictly greater than 5, indicating a 17.7% risk of mortality. This score had a high predictive capacity with an AUC of 0.7397. Conclusion: This study enabled the establishment of a score that allows for the early identification of at-risk patients, even in constrained resource settings, facilitating appropriate perioperative management and timely surgical intervention to reduce the risk of complications. This approach, focused on early recognition of high-risk patients, is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in abdominal surgical emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and importance: Large bowel obstruction caused by volvulus poses a life-threatening risk without immediate intervention. Sigmoid colon volvulus is predominant (43–75%), followed by cecal volvulus 10–52%). Synchronous double colonic volvulus is extremely rare, with limited documented cases in academic literature. Case presentation: We report a case of synchronous volvulus involving the sigmoid colon and cecum in a 45-year-old male of the Toro tribe from Fort Portal city in western Uganda who presented with acute abdominal pain, distension, and complete constipation for 2 days, accompanied by five episodes of non-bloody feculent vomiting and anorexia. Clinical discussion: Upon admission, the patient presented with stable vital signs and a mildly tender, tympanic, distended abdomen with absent bowel sounds. Plain radiographs revealed the characteristic "coffee bean" sign, indicative of sigmoid volvulus. Following optimization, laparotomy confirmed synchronous volvulus involving both the sigmoid and cecum. Subsequently, a total colectomy with end ileostomy was performed, after which the patient experienced an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: Synchronous double colonic volvulus, a rare condition, is frequently overlooked clinically. Timely recognition and intervention are crucial to address diagnostic challenges and prevent potentially fatal outcomes. Highlights: Synchronous volvulus of the large bowel is a rare and often clinically overlooked condition. Radiological identification is challenging due to mutual distortion of volvulus features. Early detection and timely intervention are paramount in mitigating complications and enhancing patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. However, the effect of blood transfusion in patients undergoing cesarean section remains unclear. Materials and methods: The analysis was based on the retrospective evaluation of the pre- and post-operative data for 1231 patients who underwent a cesarean section at our hospital between January 2016 and June 2020. Patients were classified into the blood transfusion group (BT) and the no blood transfusion group (NBT) based on their intra-operative blood transfusion status. Results: After propensity score matching, 322 patients were included in both groups and between-group differences in length of hospital stay (LOS), perioperative systemic inflammation indicators, and post-operative complications were evaluated. The LOS was longer in the BT (median, 6.6 days) than the NBT (median, 4.2 days) group (P = 0.026). The post-operative complication rate was higher for the BT than NBT group, as follows: vomiting, 3.2% vs. 4.9%, P = 0.032; fever, 5.41% vs. 2.24%, P = 0.032; wound complications, 15.44% vs. 10.45%, P = 0.028; and intestinal obstructions, 5.88% vs. 2.75%, P = 0.034. Systemic inflammation indicators increased significantly, from the pre-operative baseline, for both groups at post-operative day (POD) 1 and POD3. On multivariate analysis, intra-operative blood transfusion was associated with a longer LOS (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–2.25). Conclusion: Intraoperative blood transfusion for cesarean section was associated with increased levels of systemic inflammation indicators, higher post-operative complication rates, and prolonged hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficacy of Seprafilm® in preventing clinically significant adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is controversial and deserves further review. The aim of this review was to assess the utility of Seprafilm® in preventing clinically significant adhesive bowel obstruction after abdominal operations, with separate focus on colorectal resections. The secondary aim was to provide an updated literature review on the safety profile of this implant. Methods: An up-to-date systematic review was performed on the available literature between 2000 and 2023 on PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases. The main outcome measures were rates of adhesive bowel obstruction, as well as rates of intervention. The secondary outcome was the clinical safety profile of Seprafilm® as described in current literature. Results: A total of 17 observational studies were included, accounting for 62,886 patients. Use of Seprafilm® was associated with a significant reduction in adhesive bowel obstruction events (OR 0.449, 95% CI: 0.3271 to 0.6122, p < 0.001), with preserved efficacy seen in laparoscopic cases. This did not translate into a reduced rate of reintervention. Clinicians should also be aware of isolated reports of a paradoxical inflammatory reaction leading to fluid collections after Seprafilm® use, although they appear uncommon. Conclusion: Seprafilm® can be considered in select patients although further study to determine which patients will benefit most is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The historic morbidity and mortality rates of antireflux and hiatal hernia operation are reported as 3% to 21% and 0.2% to 0.5%, respectively. These data come from either large national and population level or small institutional studies, with the former focusing on broad 30-day outcomes while lacking granular data on complications and their severity. Institutional studies tend to focus on long-term and quality-of-life outcomes. Our objective is to describe and evaluate the incidence of 30- and 90-day morbidity and mortality in a large, single-institution dataset. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed 2,342 cases of antireflux and hiatal hernia operation from 2003 to 2020 for intraoperative complications causing postoperative sequelae, as well as morbidity and mortality within 90 days. All complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo (CD) grading system. The highest grade of complication was used per patient during 30- and 31- to 90-day intervals. RESULTS: Of 2,342 patients, the overall 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 18.2% (427 of 2,342) and 0.2% (4 of 2,342), respectively. Most of the complications were CD less than 3a at 13.1% (306 of 2,342). In the 31- to 90-day postoperative period, morbidity and mortality rates decreased to 3.1% (78 of 2,338) and 0.09% (2 of 2,338). CD less than 3a complications accounted for 1.9% (42 of 2,338). CONCLUSIONS: Antireflux and hiatal hernia operations are safe with rare mortality and modest rates of morbidity. However, the majority of complications patients experience are minor (CD less than 3a) and are easily managed. A minority of patients will experience major complications (CD 3a or greater) that require additional procedures and management to secure a safe outcome. These data are helpful to inform patients of the risks of operation and guide physicians for optimal consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Intestinal endometriosis is an exceptionally rare cause of intestinal obstruction. This case report and literature review aim to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and surgical management of this condition. Materials and methods: We report the case of a 50-year-old female patient who presented diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, a distended abdomen, and an absence of intestinal transit for gas and faeces. Initial symptoms included flatulence and constipation, which gradually worsened for two months prior to the patient's hospital admission, leading to acute intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic investigations, including blood tests, ultrasound (USG), X-ray, and a contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) scan, revealed significant small bowel dilatation and an ileal volvulus. The patient underwent urgent hydro-electrolytic and metabolic rebalancing followed by a median laparotomy surgical procedure. Intraoperative findings included a distended small intestine and an obstructive ileal volvulus, and required an 8 cm segmental enterectomy and terminal ileostomy. Results: Postoperative recovery was slow but favourable, with a gradual digestive tolerance. Histopathological examination of the resected ileum revealed intestinal endometriosis characterized by a fibro-conjunctive reaction and nonspecific chronic active inflammation. Five months later, the patient underwent a successful reversal of the ileostomy with a mechanical lateral anastomosis of the cecum and ileum, resulting in a favourable postoperative course. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of considering intestinal endometriosis in women presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and highlights the need for timely surgical intervention and careful postoperative management. Further research is required to better understand the pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies for intestinal endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Performing emergency surgery for bowel obstruction continues to place a significant strain on the healthcare system. Conventional assessment methods for outcomes in bowel obstruction cases often concentrate on isolated factors, and the evaluation of results for individuals with bowel obstruction remains poorly studied. This study aimed to examine the risk factors associated with major postoperative complications. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 99 patients undergoing surgery from 2015 to 2022. We divided the patients into two groups: (1) benign-related obstruction (n = 68) and (2) cancer-related obstruction (n = 31). We used logistic regression, KNN, and XGBOOST. We calculated the receiver operating characteristic curve and accuracy of the model. Results: Colon obstructions were more frequent in the cancer group (p = 0.005). Operative time, intestinal resection, and stoma were significantly more frequent in the cancer group. Major complications were at 41% for the cancer group vs. 20% in the benign group (p = 0.03). Uni- and multivariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for major complications were cancer-related obstruction and CRP. The best model was KNN, with an accuracy of 0.82. Conclusions: Colonic obstruction is associated with tumor-related blockage. Malignant cancer and an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) are significant risk factors for patients who have undergone emergency surgery due to major complications. KNN could improve the process of counseling and the perioperative management of patients with intestinal obstruction in emergency settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The empty pelvis syndrome (EPS) is common after pelvic exenteration (PE), causing fluid collections, bowel obstruction, perineal sinuses, and fistulas. The best approach to fill the pelvis to mitigate this remains controversial, and the impact of EPS on health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) is unknown. This study is the first to begin to explore lived‐experiences of EPS complications. Methods: Unstructured EPS virtual focus group meetings were conducted with a convenience sample of patients who underwent PE, as an extension of a modified‐Delphi study. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts to generate group experiential themes. Results: Twelve patients (eight UK, one Dutch, and three Belgian) participated in four focus groups. Eight EPS complications were reported, (two pelvic collections, five chronic perineal sinuses, and one bowel obstruction). Group experiential themes were 'Out of Options', depicting patients forced to accept complications or limited survival; 'The New Normal', with EPS potentially delaying adaptation to post‐PE HrQoL; 'Information Influencing Adaptation,' emphasising the significance of patients understanding EPS to cope with its effects; and 'Symptoms,' reporting manifestations of EPS, the resultant physical limitations, and an intangible feeling that patients lost part of themselves. Conclusions: EPS may influence patient decision‐making, regret, adaptation, and information‐seeking. It can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms and physical limitations, which may include phantom phenomenon. This work supports ongoing purposeful HrQoL research to better define these themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Closed‐loop bowel obstruction and contained perforation secondary to acute on chronic jejunal diverticulitis is rare and should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. The association between polymyalgia rheumatica and diverticular disease requires further research but may prompt clinicians to consider appropriate therapies in patients with both diseases. Jejunal diverticulosis is a sac‐like outpouching of the intestinal wall that can cause complications such as diverticulitis, obstruction, abscess, perforation, or fistula formation. Complicated jejunal diverticulosis may present with acute abdomen and nonspecific symptoms which can lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. A 76‐year‐old male with a remote history of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) presented with sudden onset abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and inability to pass flatus. Physical exam revealed a distended and diffusely tender abdomen with signs of peritonitis. Laboratory test results were significant for neutrophil‐dominant leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. CT scan of the abdomen with IV contrast revealed a contained perforation and a closed‐loop small bowel obstruction in the mid‐abdomen. The patient underwent emergent exploratory laparotomy and resection of 100 cm of mid‐jejunum which was found to have numerous diverticula surrounding the closed‐loop obstruction and contained perforation. Pathology findings showed evidence of acute on chronic jejunal diverticulitis. Jejunal diverticulosis with complications may present with an acute abdomen and peritonitis. Closed‐loop bowel obstruction and contained perforation secondary to acute on chronic jejunal diverticulitis is uncommonly thought of and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Additionally, the association between PMR and diverticular disease is notable. While the patient had a remote history but no active PMR on presentation, studies suggest a possible association between gut inflammation and rheumatologic disease. This association should prompt clinicians to consider appropriate therapies and bear in mind the potential risk for diverticular perforation if glucocorticoids are given to treat PMR. Jejunal diverticulosis with multiple complications such as closed‐loop bowel obstruction and contained perforation secondary to acute on chronic jejunal diverticulitis is rare and may present with an acute abdomen and nonspecific symptoms. Including rare pathologies as such in the differential diagnosis may prevent misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. While further investigation is needed, the association between diverticulosis and PMR is noteworthy as patients who present with both diseases would require mindful management due to the potential risk of diverticular perforation after treatment with steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of incomplete intestinal obstruction in a 29-year-old adult male with Down syndrome in The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University from January 2023 to July 2023 the patient had been experiencing intermittent abdominal distension and reduced bowel movements and gas for a period of two years. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the left lower abdomen. Abdominal CT and gastrointestinal imaging showed intestinal and colonic distension, while colonoscopy did not show any abnormalities. During laparoscopic exploration, adhesions were observed between the greater omentum and the left lower abdominal wall, resulting in dilation of the proximal colon. After the adhesions were released, intestinal contents were able to pass through the distal segment, relieving the obstruction. The patient had no history of trauma or surgery. This case highlights a potential association between Down syndrome and congenital abdominal adhesions that can lead to intestinal obstruction. Due to the communication difficulties in patients with Down syndrome, there is a potential for misdiagnosis, emphasizing the importance of awareness. Laparoscopic examination not only aids in the diagnosis but also offers therapeutic benefits in such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Endoscopic stent placement within the colon is a common procedure but is understudied. Here, we studied all of the colon stents placed over the past 10 years at our institution and found a trend toward more colon stents being placed in the last 5 years of the study period and colon stents being placed in younger patients in the last 5 years of the study period. We also show that colon stents can be safely and effectively placed for benign reasons (not cancer). Introduction: Colonic endoluminal stent placement is a commonly utilized and effective endoscopic approach for the management of malignant large bowel obstruction and is an emerging approach for the management of some benign etiologies of large bowel obstruction. However, recent studies evaluating the evolution of clinical scenarios and patient populations for which stenting is performed in real-world practice are lacking. Methods: We assessed colonic stent utilization patterns in a tertiary care academic medical center over the past 10 years. We analyzed the demographics and patient and procedure characteristics of the initial (first half of study period) and latter (second half of the study period) procedures to assess trends over time using standard descriptive statistics. Results: Our analysis was notable due to its provision of some novel insights. The frequency of colonic stent placement procedures increased significantly over time by comparison of the procedure volume for the initial 5-year interval (22 colonic stent procedures) relative to the latter 5-year interval (49 colonic stent procedures) (p = 0.03). The median age of patients who underwent colonic stent placement was significantly lower in the latter 5 years, compared with the initial 5 years of the study period (mean of 81.41 vs. 58.73 years, respectively, p < 0.001). The increased diversity of indications for colonic stent placement was also noted over time. Conclusions: Our data highlight the evolution of colonic stent placement in tertiary care practice over time and are notable for some interesting trends, including the increased utilization of colonic stent placement over time, the broadening of indications for colonic stent placement to include benign indications, and lower patient age at the time of colonic stent placement over time. These findings will help inform the clinical practice of colonic stent placement and provide a foundation to guide future research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy is a procedure used to connect the stomach and dilated afferent loop using a stent under endoscopic ultrasound for afferent loop syndrome. However, the actual efficacy and safety of this procedure remain unclear. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy using a laser‐cut‐type fully covered self‐expandable metallic stent and an anchoring plastic stent for afferent loop syndrome. Methods: Technical and clinical success rates, adverse events, recurrent intestinal obstruction rates, time to recurrent intestinal obstruction, and technical and clinical success rates of re‐intervention were evaluated in intended patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy for afferent loop syndrome from October 2018 to August 2022. Results: In 25 intended patients with afferent loop syndrome who intended endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy, the technical success rate was 100% (25/25), whereas the clinical success rate was 96% (24/25). Two patients experienced grade ≥ 3 early adverse events, including one with intra‐abdominal abscess and one with hypotension. Both events were attributed to intestinal fluid leakage. No late adverse events were observed. The recurrent intestinal obstruction rate was 32% (8/25), and the median time to recurrent intestinal obstruction was 6.5 months (95% confidence interval: 2.8–not available). The technical and clinical success rates of re‐intervention were both 100% (8/8). Conclusions: Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastroenterostomy using a fully covered self‐expandable metallic stent and an anchoring plastic stent is effective and safe as a treatment procedure for afferent loop syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the introduction of powered circular staplers in colorectal surgery, there has been growing interest in their impact on reducing complications, particularly anastomotic leakage. This study compared short-term postoperative outcomes between powered and manual circular staplers. Methods: This retrospective study included colorectal cancer patients at the tertiary referral center from April to October 2023 who underwent anterior or low anterior resection (LAR) using a circular stapler. According to energy source, patients were divided into powered and manual groups, which used two powered and four types of manual staplers, respectively. All open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce selection bias. Postoperative complications within 30 days, especially for anastomosis-related complications, were compared between the groups. Results: Among 511 patients, the powered group was 161 (32%). After PSM, 143 pairs of 286 patients were analyzed. The proportions of LAR were 53.8% and 51.0%, and initial diverting stoma rates were 23.1% and 22.4% for the Powered and Manual groups, respectively. Comprehensive complication rates were similar between the Powered group and the Manual group, without statistical significance (13.3% vs. 21.0%, P = 0.063). Anastomotic leakage was not different between the Powered and Manual groups (4.2% vs. 4.9%, P = 0.782). There was no significant difference in other complications, including anastomotic bleeding, ileus, surgical site infection, and intra-abdominal hematoma. Conclusions: The study implies that powered circular staplers may not significantly reduce postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakages, compared to manual staplers in colorectal surgery of high-volume centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ureteral injury occurs in 0.3–1.5% of colorectal cancer surgeries. Devices to visualize the ureteral course and avoid ureteral injury are required for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The NIRC™ fluorescent ureteral catheter (FUC) is a versatile ureteral visualization device currently available in Japan that can be used in combination with a variety of laparoscopic and robotic systems. In this study, we examined the outcomes of high-risk patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery with FUC insertion. Methods: One hundred forty-one patients who underwent MIS for colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer recurrence at our institute between January 2021 and May 2024 underwent preoperative FUC insertion because of the high risk of ureteral injury and surgical difficulty. For these patients, patient background data and short-term outcomes were examined. The results are expressed as the median and interquartile range. Results: Age, 70 [60–78]; M:F(n), 84:57; BMI, 22.1 [19.7–24.7]; T4 (TNM classification), 52 cases (36.9%); preoperative intestinal obstruction, 45 cases (31.9%); abscess formation, 30 cases (21%); surgical history, 70 cases (50%); recurrent cancer, 14 cases (9.9%); preoperative chemo-radiotherapy, 28 cases (19.9%); time required for FUC insertion, 12 [9–19] minutes; operation time, 412 [309–552] minutes; blood loss, 10 [5–30] ml; open conversion, 0 cases; postoperative hospitalization, 12 [9–17.5]; circumferential resection margins < 1 mm (rectal surgery), 4/87 cases (4.6%); comorbidities, 0 ureteral injury, 1 urethral injury during FUC insertion (0.7%) and 16 CD Grade 3 or higher cases (11%). Conclusions: FUC may improve the safety of MIS and reduce blood loss in addition to preventing ureteral injury and is expected to have oncological advantages for ensuring the margin of the tumor without fear of ureteral injury. However, the time required for and complications associated with FUC are challenging. New methods for less invasive and easier ureteral visualization may be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A bridge to surgery (BTS) after self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement is a widely recognized treatment strategy for obstructive colorectal cancer. However, there is still a lack of evidence for the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery following SEMS placement. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the short-term and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery with those of open surgery following SEMS placement in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. Methods: An electronic literature search through to December 2022 was performed to identify studies comparing short-term and long-term outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgery following SEMS placement for obstructive colorectal cancer. The main outcome measures were postoperative complication rates and mortality. Secondary outcome measures were the 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates. The meta-analysis was performed using fixed-effect or random-effects methods to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: The meta-analysis included 15 studies and 883 patients, of whom 467 (52.9%) underwent laparoscopic surgery and 416 (47.1%) underwent open surgery following SEMS placement. The postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the laparoscopic surgery group than in the open surgery group (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32–0.67, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the 3-year RFS rate or 3-year OS rate between the laparoscopic and open surgery groups (3-year RFS, OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.50–1.24, P = 0.30; 3-year OS, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.41–1.12, P = 0.13). Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that the short-term outcome was better in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery following SEMS placement than in those who underwent open surgery. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in long-term outcomes between the two groups. Laparoscopic surgery following SEMS placement may be a safe and effective treatment option for obstructive colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute incarcerated paraesophageal hernias (PEH) have historically been considered a surgical emergency. Emergent operations have a higher rate of morbidity and mortality compared to elective surgery. Our institution has adopted a strategy of initial conservative management in patients presenting with acute obstruction from an incarcerated PEH who are clinically stable. Patients are given at least 24 h for their symptoms to improve (selective nasogastric decompression). If symptoms resolve, contrast on an upper GI study passes to the small bowel, and liquids are tolerated, patients are discharged with planned interval repair. We sought to characterize the outcomes of this interval surgical strategy for incarcerated PEH. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients admitted to a single institution between October 2019 and September 2023 with an incarcerated PEH. Patients taken directly to surgery within 24 h were excluded. Results: A total of 45 patients admitted with obstruction from an incarcerated PEH were identified. Ten patients (22%) were taken urgently to surgery due to clinical instability and were excluded. Of the remaining 35 patients, 23 (66%) resolved their obstruction with conservative non-operative management and were offered planned interval PEH repair (successful conservative management). In the successful conservative management cohort, there was one unplanned readmission before interval PEH repair. Average time between discharge and repair was 25 days. Complication rates did not differ in those who failed and in those who had a successful conservative management result. The cumulative length of stay for those who succeeded in conservative management (including days for the interval surgery) was equivalent with those who underwent PEH repair during the index admission. Conclusion: A trial of conservative management in clinically stable patients with symptomatic incarcerated PEH appears to be safe and often avoids emergent repair without increasing perioperative complications or total days in the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Hiatal hernia may development after esophagectomy or Gastrectomy. Post- esophago-gastric hiatal hernia is a rare but challenging condition. Nearly half of reported cases involve emergent situations, underscoring the urgency of addressing this condition. However, there is currently no consensus on the optimal treatment approach for this type of hernia. Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent repair for Post- esophago-gastric hiatal hernia over the past five years were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics and perioperative data were collected. The primary outcomes, repair methods, and surgical results following post-esophago-gastric hiatal repair were analyzed. Results: A total of eight patients with post-esophago-gastric hiatal hernia were included in this study. All patients presented with emergent conditions, specifically bowel obstruction. Laparoscopic repair was successful in four cases, with a conversion rate to open surgery of 50% (4 out of 8). Primary suture was performed in three cases, while biological mesh repair was carried out in four cases, and one case was left unrepaired. Bowel gangrene and perforation occurred in one case. The most notable postoperative complications included wound infection and pleural fluid collection. Importantly, there were no instances of hernia recurrence during the follow-up period, which ranged from 2 to 55 months, with a 100% follow-up rate observed. Conclusion: Post-esophago-gastric hiatal hernia is a rare yet significant condition, often presenting emergently and linked to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, symptomatic patients warrant surgical repair, and immediate intervention should be provided to those with acute-onset symptoms and clinical signs of bowel obstruction. Primary suture repair, with or without biological mesh, appears to be a durable method of repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Incisional hernia (IH) is a common complication following abdominal surgery. Surgical repair of IH is associated with the alleviation of symptoms and improvement of quality of life. Operative intervention can pose a significant burden to the patient and healthcare facilities. This study aims to describe and compare outcomes of elective and emergency surgical repair of IH. Methods: This study is a single-centre comparative retrospective study including patients who had repair of IH. Patients were divided into Group I (Emergency) and Group II (Elective), and a comparison was conducted between them. Results: Two hundred sixty-two patients were identified with a mean age of 61.8 ± 14.2 years, of which 152 (58%) were females. The mean BMI was 31.6 ± 7.2 kg/m2. More than 58% had at least one comorbidity. 169 (64.5%) patients had an elective repair, and 93 (35.5%) had an emergency repair. Patients undergoing emergency repair were significantly older and had higher BMI, p = 0.031 and p = 0.002, respectively. The significant complication rate (Clavien–Dindo III and IV) was 9.54%. 30 and 90-day mortality rates were 2.3% (n = 6) and 2.68% (n = 7), respectively. In the emergency group, the overall complications, 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were significantly higher than in the elective group, p ≤ 0.001, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively. Overall, 42 (16.1%) developed wound complications, 25 (9.6%) experienced a recurrence, and 41 (15.71%) were readmitted within 90 days, without significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Patients who underwent emergency repair were significantly older and had a higher BMI than the elective cases. Emergency IH repair is associated with higher complication rates and mortality than elective repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal ligation during ovariohysterectomy has not been previously reported in dogs. Risk factors for this complication appear to be the same as those for ureteral injury, namely decreased surgical visualization due to small patient size and small incision size. This case report describes how the presentation of intestinal ligation in a 2‐kg, 11‐month‐old chihuahua can mimic that of iatrogenic ureteral injury with vomiting, anorexia, and severe azotemia. Ultrasound served as a key diagnostic to visualize intestinal mechanical obstruction, an encircling ligature around a segment of jejunum with no blood flow on Doppler interrogation, and normal appearance and blood flow of the ureters and kidneys. The treatment consisted of aggressive fluid therapy, circulatory support, and emergent resection and anastomosis of the necrotic portion of the intestines. Within 48 h, the dog's azotemia was resolved, and it was reported to be doing well at 1‐month follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Introduction: The recent adverse reactions associated with semaglutide have led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to issue a "black box warning", and it is necessary to analyze all reports of adverse reactions to improve the safety of its clinical use. Materials and Methods: Statistical analyses and signal mining were performed by obtaining the adverse event reports related to semaglutide in the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2023. We used disproportionality and Bayesian analysis to examine clinical and demographic attributes, trends reported quarterly, and contrasts between two distinct indications (obesity and type 2 diabetes). Results: We found 10 unexpected adverse signals related to "pancreatic cancer", "intestinal obstruction", "cholecystitis", and "polycystic ovary" and both the two different indications had the same serious adverse reaction events occurring. Conclusions: This study identified many unexpected signals of serious adverse reactions, suggesting the importance of continuous post‐marketing surveillance of semaglutide to understand its potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Patients presenting with features of small bowel obstruction need urgent evaluation to avoid complications such as bowel gangrene, perforation, or peritonitis. Imaging is necessary in most cases of suspected bowel obstruction, to take an appropriate decision, for apt patient management. Among the common causes of small bowel obstruction, adhesions, external herniae, malignancies, and Crohn's disease top the chart. Imaging helps in determining the presence of obstruction, the severity of obstruction, transition point, cause of obstruction, and associated complications such as strangulation, bowel gangrene, and peritonitis. This review is based on the cases with unusual causes of bowel obstruction encountered during our routine practice and also on the extensive literature search through the standard textbooks and electronic databases. Through this review we want our readers to have sound knowledge of the imaging characteristics of the uncommon yet important causes of bowel obstruction. We have also revisited and structured a checklist to simplify the approach while reporting a suspected case of small bowel obstruction. Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction and in determining the cause and associated complications. Apart from the common causes of small bowel obstruction, we should also be aware of the uncommon causes of small bowel obstruction and their imaging characteristics to make an accurate diagnosis and for apt patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common complication of patients with advanced malignancies and has poor prognosis. Currently, there are limited guidelines for MBO management or predicting outcomes for these patients. Objective: To identify patient factors associated with readmission and mortality after hospital admission for MBO. Participants: A 5-year retrospective review was performed from 2017 to 2022 at a single tertiary institution to evaluate patients admitted for MBO. All patients had advanced cancer of gastrointestinal or gynecologic primary. Patient demographics, socioeconomic factors, tumor characteristics, and inpatient outcomes were collected. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine variables predicting hospital readmission for recurrent MBO and 90-day mortality. Results: 210 patients were included. Mean age was 61 years, 28% were male, and 19% did not primarily speak English. 35% of patients lived over 50 miles from the hospital. On multivariable analysis, non-English speaking patients exhibited increased risk of readmission forMBO (OR = 2.82, P = .039).Older age was associated with decreased risk forMBO readmission (OR = .96, P = .007). Ascites was associated with increased mortality (OR = 2.17, P = .043). Earlier palliative care (PC) consultation predicted decreased readmission (OR = .24, P < .001) yet increased mortality at 90 days (OR = 3.20, P = .003). Conclusion: Patient age, primary language, and PC consult were predictors for MBO readmission, which may impact 90-day mortality. Given the palliative nature of MBO, modifiable factors such as PC consultation and multidisciplinary goals of care discussions should be prioritized in order to reduce readmissions and focus on quality of life (QOL) for this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common cause of hospital admission leading to resource utilization. The majority of these patients require non-operative management (NOM) which can lead to increased length of stay (LOS), readmissions, resource utilization, and throughput delays. Early surgical consultation (SC) for SBO may improve efficiency and outcomes. Methods: We implemented an institution-wide intervention (INT) to encourage early SC (<1 day of diagnosis) for SBO patients in July 2022. A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with SBO requiring NOM from January 2021 to June 2023, categorized into pre- and post-INT groups. The primary outcome was the number of SC's and secondary outcomes were early SC (<1 day of diagnosis), utilization of SBFT, LOS, 30-day readmission, and costs of admission. Results: A total of 670 patients were included, 438 in the pre-INT and 232 in the post-INT group. Overall, SBFT utilization was significantly higher in cases with SC (17.2% vs 41.4%, P < .001). Post-INT patients were more likely to receive SC (94.0% vs 83.3%, P < .001) and increased SBFT utilization (47.0% vs 33.6%, P = .001). Additionally, early SC improved significantly in the post-INT group (74.3% vs 65.7%, P = .03). There was no difference in LOS between groups (4.0 vs 3.8 days, P = .48). There was a trend toward decreased readmission rates in the INT group at 30 days (7.3% vs 11.0%, P = .13) and reduced direct costs in the INT group (US$/admission = 8467 vs 8708, P = .1). Conclusion: Hospital-wide interventions to increase early surgical involvement proved effective by improving early SC, increased SBFT utilization, and showed a trend towards decreased readmission rates and direct costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Management of patients with total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is challenging for pediatric surgeons. The purpose of this study was to review our institution's 20-year experience regarding long-term outcomes and multidisciplinary team management of these patients after an ileorectal Duhamel pull-through procedure. Materials and Methods Retrospective review was conducted for all patients diagnosed with TCA in our tertiary institution. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, complications, need for additional surgery, and long-term effects on bowel function. Results Of a total of 202 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, 13 were diagnosed with TCA (6.4%). Clinical presentation was variable. Eleven presented in neonatal period with distal bowel obstruction and two presented with constipation in early infancy. Ileorectal Duhamel pull-through was performed in all patients. Median follow-up was 13 years. Eleven are toilet trained, of whom five are fully continent. Six continue to have problems with bowel continence or constipation. One developed recurrent episode of Hirschsprung's associated enterocolitis. Two patients had stoma re-established. Patients experiencing difficulties in bowel function are jointly managed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of surgeons, gastroenterologists, pediatric psychologists, and clinical nurse specialists. Conclusion TCA can be associated with significant long-term morbidity. Nearly half of the patients in this series have ongoing problems with bowel continence requiring a permanent stoma in some. Diligent follow-up coupled with inputs of a multidisciplinary team has greatly helped manage these complex patients in our institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis is a multisystem disorder, and gastrointestinal (GI) disease contributes significantly to its morbidity. This review outlines the major gastrointestinal manifestations of CF, and highlights areas of common misunderstanding. Areas particularly important to practice, such as impact upon malabsorption, bowel obstruction and gastro-oesophageal reflux are considered in detail. The impact of new CFTR modulator therapies on CF-related GI conditions is discussed and treatment options for individual pathologies is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the most common, severe, and difficult-to-treat complications after colorectal cancer surgery. However, to date, the best treatment options for AL remain elusive. Case description: Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old man who had previously undergone Hartmann’s surgery and developed a large AL after a colostomy reversal surgery in an external hospital. The condition mainly manifested as passage of the fecal material through the abdominal drainage tube accompanied by fever after intestinal surgery. We used a new method involving a transanal obstruction catheter combined with an anastomotic stent, along with fasting, administration of parenteral nutrition, and anti-infection treatment. By following this approach, AL was successfully cured without any complications. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of the use of a transanal intestinal obstruction catheter combined with an anastomotic stent for treating colorectal AL; the findings may guide clinicians to better treat and manage AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Overall, stoma-related morbidity affects a reported 20–38% of pediatric patients. However, determining the true incidence of major stoma-related morbidity is challenging due to limited cohort sizes in existing studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate colostomy related morbidity among children both after stoma formation and stoma closure. Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort hospital-based study, conducted in an Abha maternity and children hospital, between August 1, 2018, and August 1, 2023, among 126 pediatric patients (aged 0–12 years) who underwent colostomy formation and subsequent closure during the study period. Data were collected from medical records. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.26. Results: This study included a total of 126 children who underwent colostomy. (N = 37, 29.4%) of cases included in this study were emergency cases, while (N = 89, 70.6%) were elective. A variety of antibiotics were used for surgical prophylaxis, metronidazole (77%) and cefuroxime (62.7%) were the most prevalent. Oral feeding was started after 5–6 days in more than one third of cases (39.7%). Wound infection (N = 15, 11.9%) was the most reported post-operative complication, followed with bowel obstruction (N = 6, 4.8%). Emergency cases had a longer duration of hospital stay than elective cases; this difference was statistically significant (P =.04). Conclusions: Majority of patients reported no stoma related complications, while among those who reported complications, wound infection was the most reported complication, followed by bowel obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]