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Abstract Background Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been widely used for pancreatic cancer. However, there is still a lack of studies comparing the latest SBRT techniques in terms of clinical efficacy and safety. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate three latest SBRT delivery platforms: CyberKnife (CK), Tomography Radixact (TOMO), and Halcyon volume rotation intensity modulation therapy (VMAT) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods Sixteen patients with pancreatic cancer treated with CK were retrospectively analyzed. SBRT plans were designed using Precision and Eclipse software. CK plans were optimized in two forms: fixed collimator (CK-Fixed) and multi-leaf grating collimator (CK-MLC). TOMO plans were designed with 2.5 cm Fixed Jaw, pitch 0.123–0.43 and 4.0 modulation factors in precision system. In Eclipse 15.6 system, photon optimizer (OP) algorithm was used to design the coplanar two-arc Halcyon VMAT. The median radiation dose was 40 Gy (35–45 Gy) in 5 fractions. The effectiveness of clinical treatment was evaluated by comparing the homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) and dose distribution parameters of organs at risk (OAR). Results All plans met the limits of clinical target dose and OAR. CK-MLC plans had the lowest maximum dose of 2 cm normal tissue from PTV margin (D2cm), indicating a low risk of peripheral radiation damage. Additionally, the CK-MLC plans had the lowest dose parameters and provided the best protection for the kidney, spinal cord, small intestine, and duodenum, with a paired t-test p

Abstract Background Calcaneal fractures are the most common type of tarsal fractures. The sustentaculum tali (ST) offers anatomical stability in calcaneal fractures, and recently, ST screws have been widely used in their treatment. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and value of ST screw fixation via a modified sinus tarsi approach (MSTA) for treating displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs). Methods This study enrolled 64 patients (64 feet): 32 patients in the calcaneal locking plate combined with the ST screw group (CLP-STS Group) and 32 patients in the simple calcaneal locking plate internal fixation group (CLP Group). The minimum follow-up duration was 18 months. Ankle function was evaluated using VAS, AOFAS, and Short Form-36 scores. Imaging evaluation included the Böhler angle, Gissane angle, length, height, and width of the calcaneus, and the Böhler angle in both groups 1 year after surgery. Results Functional evaluation revealed that postoperative AOFAS and VAS scores in the CLP-STS Group were significantly better than those in the CLP Group. After surgery, the Böhler angle, Gissane angle, and length, height, and width of the calcaneus were significantly corrected compared to the preoperative values; however, the difference in these indicators between the two groups was not significant. Nevertheless, at the 1-year postoperative follow-up, the calcaneal Böhler angle loss in the CLP-STS Group was significantly better than that in the CLP Group. Conclusion Compared to simple calcaneal locking plate internal fixation, combining the plate with the additionally free ST screw can resolve the limited intraoperative exposure of MSTA, reduce postoperative foot pain in patients, and improve clinical efficacy.

This study utilized Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy chips as raw materials to prepare recycled billets through a solid-state recycling process. Isothermal hot compression tests were conducted using a thermal simulation machine to establish an Arrhenius-type constitutive equation and the hot processing map based on the dynamic materials model. The microstructure of the recycled Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy after hot compression was characterized and analyzed using SEM, EBSD, and TEM, exploring the microstructural evolution mechanisms of the recycled alloy at different temperatures and strain rates. The results indicate that the optimal hot deformation parameters for the recycled Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy are 300–360 °C at a strain rate of 0.01–0.05 s⁻1 and 400–450 °C at a strain rate of 0.05–0.3 s⁻1. At the same strain rate, as the deformation temperature increases, low-angle grain boundaries gradually disappear, and the grain structure becomes more stable. Dynamic recrystallization replaces dynamic recovery as the dominant mechanism. At the same deformation temperature, low strain rates allow more time for the migration of low-angle grain boundaries, thereby promoting the growth of dynamically recrystallized grains and ultimately forming new, undistorted grains.

In this study, a high-strength low carbon Nb–Ti containing weathering steel was developed. The steel achieved a yield strength of 824.4 MPa and an elongation of 24.4% with the addition of 0.030% Ce as a microalloying element. Precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening contributed nearly 60% to the yield strength of the steel. The effects of Ce on the dissolution and precipitation behavior of microalloying elements were analyzed through experimental research and first-principles calculations. Additionally, the associated strengthening mechanisms were elucidated. The findings revealed that the Ce–Nb pairs within the 2 to 7 nearest-neighbor configuration in face-centered cubic Fe exhibited a mutual attraction. This attraction promoted the dissolution of microalloyed carbonitrides, leading to a reduction in the volume fraction of precipitates with diameters above 150 nm from 1.3% to 0.62%. Conversely, in the body-centered cubic Fe structure, Ce–Nb atom pairs were mutually repulsive across all configurations. During the coiling process, the addition of Ce increased the formation of nanoprecipitates in the 0.030% Ce–Nb–Ti weathering steel. Particularly, the volume fraction of precipitates with diameters ranging from 20 to 150 nm in the steel increased from 1.6% to 2.7%, while the fraction of nanoprecipitates also increased from 0.051% to 0.31%. The nanoprecipitates formed within the dislocation substructure of the ferrite significantly enhanced steel strength but reduced its plasticity. Additionally, the addition of Ce led to the formation of numerous fine cementite particles in the localized areas of the steel matrix, which contributed up to 49.2 MPa to the overall strength of the steel.

Introduction: Limited information exists regarding the impact of preoperative serum creatinine changes on cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). This study aimed to investigate the development of AKI in patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who present with an elevation in preoperative serum creatinine. Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Preoperative serum creatinine change was calculated as the ratio of the maximum preoperative serum creatinine value to the baseline creatinine (MCR). Patients were categorized into three groups based on MCR: non-elevation (≤1.0), mild elevation (1.0 to 1.5), and pronounced elevation (≥1.5). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of AKI, severe AKI, and non-recovery from AKI. Results: There were significant increases in the odds of AKI (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–1.57; per 0.1 increase in MCR), severe AKI (adjusted OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15–1.41), and AKI non-recovery (adjusted OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.16–1.43). Pronounced elevation in preoperative serum creatinine was associated with a higher risk of AKI (adjusted OR, 15.45; 95% CI, 6.63–36.00), severe AKI (adjusted OR, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.20–10.87), and AKI non-recovery (adjusted OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.63–13.89) than non-elevation. Mild elevation in preoperative serum creatinine was also significantly associated with AKI (adjusted OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.92–7.37). Conclusions: Elevation in preoperative serum creatinine from baseline was associated with an increased risk of AKI; even mild elevation significantly increased the risk of AKI.

Abstract In recent years, CD9 has been extensively studied as a potential biomarker for cancer. However, the biological role of CD9 in gliomas remains unclear. This study investigates the function of CD9 in gliomas and its molecular mechanisms. Utilizing pan-cancer analysis with TCGA, CGGA, and GEO databases, differential expression of CD9 was observed in 11 tumor types within the TCGA cohort, and it was associated with patient survival rates. Analysis of the CGGA glioma database revealed that patients with high CD9 expression had lower survival rates. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for GSE16011 was greater than 0.7, indicating a high discriminative ability. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune-related analysis, and CD9 mutation detection, CD9 was found to have the strongest correlation with neutrophil involvement (cor = 0.30, P

Abstract Oncolytic viral immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses native or genetically modified viruses that selectively replicate and destroy tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to construct a virus-based prognostic model for risk assessment and prognosis prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and determine the most appropriate virus as a candidate vector for oncolytic virus immunotherapy. Microbiome and RNA sequencing data and clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and viruses with prognostic value were identified (Deltabaculovirus, Sicinivirus, and Cytomegalovirus) to construct the prognostic model. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive function of the viral signature. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the functional enrichment of viral expression in HCC. The risk score generated by this model could distinguish patients with different survival outcomes, have excellent reliability and accuracy, and could be used as an independent prognostic indicator. The high-risk score group showed significantly lower overall survival, and this trend was also observed in subgroups with different clinicopathological features. Furthermore, Deltabaculovirus positively correlated with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism signaling pathways, peroxisomes, and complement coagulation cascades. In addition, Deltabaculovirus was significantly related to immune cell infiltration; therefore, patients with high Delta-baculovirus expression might respond better to HCC immunotherapy. Our study identified a promising predictive viral signature for assessing clinical prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in HCC. Deltabaculovirus might be a suitable viral vector for oncolytic virus immunotherapy.

Abstract Inherently chiral medium-ring derivatives have important applications in many research fields, such as materials science, molecular recognition, and asymmetric catalysis. However, the enantioselective assembly of these molecules, especially by organocatalytic strategies, remains a formidable challenge, and few methods are available. Here, we report the enantioselective NHC-catalyzed (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbenes) formal high-order (5 + 3) annulation of 1-(2-indolyl)naphthalen-2-ols with ynals. In the presence of an NHC pre-catalyst, base, Lewis acid and oxidant, this protocol enables the catalytic formation of C–C and C-O bonds, providing practical and facile access to an array of inherently chiral saddle-shaped eight-membered lactones featuring an oxocin-2-one scaffold with structural diversity in good efficiency and excellent enantiocontrol. Moreover, the scale-up preparation and representative late-stage transformations of the eight-membered lactones further demonstrate the application potential of this synthetic technology.

Abstract Background Machine learning (ML) is extensively employed for forecasting the outcome of various illnesses. The objective of the study was to develop ML based classifiers using a stacking ensemble strategy to predict the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) recovery rate for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Methods A total of 672 patients with DCM were included in the study and labeled with JOA recovery rate by 1-year follow-up. All data were collected during 2012–2023 and were randomly divided into training and testing (8:2) sub-datasets. A total of 91 initial ML classifiers were developed, and the top 3 initial classifiers with the best performance were further stacked into an ensemble classifier with a supported vector machine (SVM) classifier. The area under the curve (AUC) was the main indicator to assess the prediction performance of all classifiers. The primary predicted outcome was the JOA recovery rate. Results By applying an ensemble learning strategy (e.g., stacking), the accuracy of the ML classifier improved following combining three widely used ML models (e.g., RFE-SVM, EmbeddingLR-LR, and RFE-AdaBoost). Decision curve analysis showed the merits of the ensemble classifiers, as the curves of the top 3 initial classifiers varied a lot in predicting JOA recovery rate in DCM patients. Conclusions The ensemble classifiers successfully predict the JOA recovery rate in DCM patients, which showed a high potential for assisting physicians in managing DCM patients and making full use of medical resources.

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disturbances. In PCOS mice, dietary inulin has been demonstrated to regulate intestinal flora and inflammation. However, the efficacy of dietary inulin in clinical PCOS remains unclear. Objective The intestinal flora and related metabolic indexes of obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) after 3 months of inulin treatment were analyzed. Setting and design To analyze the intestinal flora and related metabolic indexes in healthy controls and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome after 3 months of inulin treatment. Results The results showed that dietary inulin improved sex hormone disorders, reduced BMI and WHR levels in obese women with PCOS. In addition, the inulin intervention reduced plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1levels. Inulin intervention increased the abundance of Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Lachnospira, and Bifidobacterium, as well as decreased the ratio of F/B and the abundance of proteobacteria, Sutterella, and Enterobacter. Correlation analyses showed a strong relationship among plasma inflammatory factors, sex steroid hormones, and the intestinal flora of patients. Conclusions Dietary inulin may improve obese PCOS women disease through the gut flora–inflammation–steroid hormone pathway. The clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-17012281.

A palladium/chiral N,N′-disulfonyl bisimidazoline (Bim)-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione-derived ketimines is reported, leading to the generation of a series of functionalized isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones bearing one quaternary carbon-amino functionality in good to excellent yields with ≥95% ee in most cases. The reaction has remarkable compatibility with both substrate scopes, providing a highly enantioselective entry to chiral heterocyclic α-tertiary amines.

This article explores the mathematical and statistical performances and connections of the two well-known ordinary least-squares estimators (OLSEs) and best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) of unknown parameter matrices in the context of a multivariate general linear model (MGLM) for regression, both of which are defined under two different optimality criteria. Tian and Zhang [38] once collected a series of existing and novel identifying conditions for OLSEs to be BLUEs under general linear models: On connections among OLSEs and BLUEs of whole and partial parameters under a general linear model, Stat. Probabil. Lett., 112 (2016), 105–112. In this paper, we show how to extend this kind of results to multivariate general linear models. We shall give a direct algebraic procedure to derive explicit formulas for calculating the OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter spaces in a given MGLM, discuss the relationships between OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter matrices in the MGLM, establish many algebraic equalities related to the equivalence of OLSEs and BLUEs, and give various intrinsic statistical interpretations about the equivalence of OLSEs and BLUEs of parameter matrices in a given MGLM using some matrix analysis tools concerning ranks, ranges, and generalized inverses of matrices.

Abstract Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) achieves internal networks penetration through multiple methods, making it difficult to detect attack clues solely through boundary defense measures. To address this challenge, some research has proposed threat detection methods based on provenance graphs, which leverage entity relationships such as processes, files, and sockets found in host audit logs. However, these methods are generally inefficient, especially when faced with massive audit logs and the computational resource-intensive nature of graph algorithms. Effectively and economically extracting APT attack clues from massive system audit logs remains a significant challenge. To tackle this problem, this paper introduces the ProcSAGE method, which detects threats based on abnormal behavior patterns, offering high accuracy, low cost, and independence from expert knowledge. ProcSAGE focuses on processes or threads in host audit logs during the graph construction phase to effectively control the scale of provenance graphs and reduce performance overhead. Additionally, in the feature extraction phase, ProcSAGE considers information about the processes or threads themselves and their neighboring nodes to accurately characterize them and enhance model accuracy. In order to verify the effectiveness of the ProcSAGE method, this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation on the StreamSpot dataset. The experimental results show that the ProcSAGE method can significantly reduce the time and memory consumption in the threat detection process while improving the accuracy, and the optimization effect becomes more significant as the data size expands.

Abstract In recent years, sleep problems among college students have become increasingly prominent, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their sleep quality has deteriorated dramatically, severely affecting their physical and mental health. Numerous research studies have investigated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality; however, it is still unclear what psychological process underlies this relationship. In the current study, college students’ bed procrastination and self-control as mediating factors in the association between mindfulness and sleep quality were investigated. Using the convenience sampling method, 763 Chinese college students (mean age = 19.48 years, SD = 2.06) were recruited to complete self-reported questionnaires that included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Self-Control Scale, Bed Procrastination Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results showed that (a) mindfulness was positively associated with sleep quality; (b) both self-control and bed procrastination mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality, and (c) self-control and bed procrastination sequentially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. These findings collectively suggest a potential mechanism for how mindfulness influences sleep quality, providing a therapeutic target for mindfulness-based interventions aimed at helping college students improve sleep quality.

The method used to strengthen copper matrix composites generally results in a significant decrease in ductility and electrical conductivity. In this work, multilayer graphene was grown on both sides of copper foil using chemical vapor deposition process and graphene/copper layered composites were prepared by stacking copper foils and hot rolling under vacuum. The microstructures, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of hot rolled graphene/copper layered composites with different reduction amounts were investigated. Results showed that the grain size increased while the dislocation density did not change much with the reduction amounts from 30% to 50%. The size of graphene decreased and the spacing of graphene increased with the reduction amounts. When the reduction amounts increased from 30% to 50%, the tensile strength decreased from 223 MPa to 163 MPa, the elongation decreased from 45% to 31% and the electrical conductivity decreased from 101.52 %IACS to 89.73 %IACS. The optimized combination of properties was obtained when the hot rolled reduction amount was set as 30% because of the grain refining and the change in graphene size and spacing. Combining the analysis of microstructures and properties of the unreinforced copper matrix at 30% reduction amount, it can be concluded that the tensile strength of the composite increased from 179 MPa to 223 MPa, elongation increased from 38% to 45% and electrical conductivity increased from 98.02 %IACS to 101.52 %IACS. Long and distributed continuously graphene were beneficial to the improvement of strength, elongation and electrical conductivity by playing an obvious role in the load transfer strengthening mechanism, refining the grain size of the composites, and preventing the crack propagation.

Abstract Tuning the oxygen activity in perovskite oxides (ABO3) is promising to surmount the trade-off between activity and selectivity in redox reactions. However, this remains challenging due to the limited understanding in its activation mechanism. Herein, we propose the discovery that generating subsurface A-site cation (Lasub.) vacancy beneath surface Fe-O layer greatly improved the oxygen activity in LaFeO3, rendering enhanced methane conversion that is 2.9-fold higher than stoichiometric LaFeO3 while maintaining high syngas selectivity of 98% in anaerobic oxidation. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that absence of Lasub.-O interaction lowered the electron density over oxygen and improved the oxygen mobility, which reduced the barrier for C-H bond cleavage and promoted the oxidation of C-atom, substantially boosting methane-to-syngas conversion. This discovery highlights the importance of A-site cations in modulating electronic state of oxygen, which is fundamentally different from the traditional scheme that mainly credits the redox activity to B-site cations and can pave a new avenue for designing prospective redox catalysts.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), including both domestic and industrial facilities, are key contributors to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and human pathogens in the environment. However, the characteristics and dissemination mechanisms of ARGs in domestic (SD) and industrial (SI) wastewater treatment systems remain unclear, leading to uncertainties in risk assessment. Based on metagenomic analysis, we observed significant differences in the compositions of resistome (ARGs and metal resistance genes, MRGs), mobilome (mobile genetic elements, MGEs), and bacterial community between SD and SI. SI exhibited lower diversity of ARGs but higher abundance of MRGs compared to SD. The removal efficiency of resistome was lower in the SI than that in the SD. MGEs emerged as the primary driver of ARG dissemination in the WWTPs, followed by the bacterial community. Environmental conditions (physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and antibiotics) indirectly influenced the variation of resistome. Significantly, environmental conditions and MGEs highly influenced the composition of resistome in the SI, while bacterial community more associated with resistome in the SD. Additionally, we identified 36 human bacterial pathogens as potential hosts of ARGs, MRGs, and MGEs in wastewater samples. This study provides new insights on the dissemination mechanisms and risk assessment of antimicrobial resistance in the different types of WWTPs.

Protein hydrolysates have attracted much attention for their high biological activity and are a crucial product form for the utilization of foxtail millet bran by-products. In this study, changes in the structure, functionality, activity and peptide profile of foxtail millet bran protein hydrolysates (FMBPHs) at different ultrasound powers (0 – 600 W) were investigated. The results showed that ultrasound promoted the transformation of α-helix and β-sheet to random coils and β-turn, and the exposure of hydrophobic groups and sulfhydryl groups in FMBPHs. The average particle size of the samples decreased, and the absolute value of the ζ-potential increased significantly. Simultaneously, smaller porous particles and loose fragments appeared on the surface of FMBPHs when the ultrasonic power was increased to 450 W. Additionally, 450 W ultrasound treatment improved solubility, foaming properties, emulsifying properties, thermal stability of FMBPHs. The DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50, 2.65, 1.06 and 3.02 mg/mL), Fe2+ chelating activity (IC50, 2.62 mg/mL), and reducing power of the samples were also enhanced. The peptidomics results demonstrated that ultrasonication increased the number of active peptides in the hydrolysate, and the relative abundance of 17 active peptides was obviously elevated at 450 W. Peptide map analysis showed that ultrasound-induced structural modifications affected the peptide profiles of Ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein, Cupin type-1 domain-containing protein, 40S ribosomal protein S19, and Oleosin 1, showing changes in the abundance of certain peptides, which may be related to changes in the characterization of FMBPHs.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with conventional treatment options providing limited efficacy. Recent advancements in immunotherapy have offered new hope, yet the unique tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer poses significant challenges to its successful application. This review explores the transformative impact of single-cell technology on the understanding and treatment of pancreatic cancer. By enabling high-resolution analysis of cellular heterogeneity within the TME, single-cell approaches have elucidated the complex interplay between various immune and tumor cell populations. These insights have led to the identification of predictive biomarkers and the development of innovative, personalized immunotherapeutic strategies. The review discusses the role of single-cell technology in dissecting the intricate immune landscape of pancreatic cancer, highlighting the discovery of T cell exhaustion profiles and macrophage polarization states that influence treatment response. Moreover, it outlines the potential of single-cell data in guiding the selection of immunotherapy drugs and optimizing treatment plans. The review also addresses the challenges and prospects of translating these single-cell-based innovations into clinical practice, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research and the integration of artificial intelligence to overcome current limitations. Ultimately, the review underscores the promise of single-cell technology in driving therapeutic strategy innovation and improving patient outcomes in the battle against pancreatic cancer.

This research takes the training strategy of reserve football talents on campus as the research object, and takes the literature method and logical analysis method as the research method to analyze and discuss the drawbacks of the existing strategy of reserve football talents training on campus in China and to integrate with the international standards, and to dig deeply into the problems of the current training strategy of reserve football talents under the current mode. Theoretical Significance: Exploring the strategy of combining teaching and sports with training of reserve football talents on campus is to promote the wider, deeper and healthy development of youth football in China, to promote the healthy growth of young students, to consolidate the football foundation of our country, to cultivate more excellent football talents, to provide a theoretical basis for the construction and development of football schools with Chinese characteristics, and to provide a theoretical reference for our schools. The sustainable development of football has laid a good theoretical foundation. Practical Significance: Football itself is an important part of school education and an inevitable requirement to promote students'all-round development. Through the training strategy of reserve football talents on campus, we can develop teenagers' football on campus, cultivate students'interest in football, cultivate students' good will quality and expand students'participation in football. On the basis of the intensity of football training on campus, we find new seedlings of football, further improve their football skills and level, effectively improve the quantity and quality of football reserve talents on campus, train high-quality football talents for the country, and fully demonstrate the practical significance of implementing the strategy of training football reserve talents on campus.

Abstract In this study, a sulfur–phosphorus co‐doped nanocarbon (SPC) catalyst was synthesized using a straightforward one‐step colloidal carbonization method and demonstrated high performance in the metal‐free direct oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. This metal‐free SPC catalyst showed exceptional efficiency, achieving a conversion rate of 90% for benzyl alcohol and a selectivity of 94% toward benzaldehyde within only 1 h at 130°C. Moreover, it displays exceptional cycle stability and a high turnover frequency (17.1 × 10−3 mol g−1 h−1). Theoretical analysis suggested that the catalyst's superior performance is attributed to the presence of unsaturated edge defects and S−P− moieties, which increase the density of states at the Fermi level, lower the band gap energy, and promote electron localization. Additionally, the doping introduces cooperative co‐active S−P−C sites, facilitating a synergistic multisite catalytic effect that lowers the energy barriers. These findings represent a significant advancement in the field of metal‐free direct alcohol oxidation.

The red sports culture, which was born in the revolutionary era, is an excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Its inheritance and development reflects the theoretical consciousness of the coordinated development of "cultural power" and "sports power". The integration of red sports culture into the public physical education curriculum of colleges and universities is the in-depth analysis of the concept of cultivating college students' "cultural self-confidence" and the goal path of forging ahead "sports power". In this study, the literature method, Delphi method, expert interview method, analytic hierarchy process and other research methods are used to construct the evaluation system of integrating red sports culture into public physical education courses in colleges and universities, including 4 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators and 42 third-level indicators, and determine the weights of indicators at all levels. Finally, objective analysis and case enumerations are made according to the weights assigned to indicators at all levels. And put forward the path of integrating red sports culture into college public physical education curriculum construction.

BackgroundBone metastasis from prostate cancer severely impacts patient outcomes and quality of life. Anoikis, a form of programmed cell death triggered by the loss of cell-matrix interactions, plays a critical role in cancer progression. However, its precise relationship with prostate cancer-induced bone metastasis remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate this relationship, focusing on anoikis-related gene signatures, molecular pathways, and therapeutic implications.MethodsWe used the TCGA-PRAD dataset for training, with MSKCC and GSE70769 as validation cohorts. To evaluate immunotherapy efficacy, we examined IMvigor 210 and GSE91016 datasets, and GSE137829 provided single-cell insights into prostate cancer. Specific anoikis-related genes (ARGs) were identified, and Random Survival Forest analysis and multivariate Cox regression were employed to develop anoikis-linked features. The ‘clustanoikisProfilanoikis’ and ‘GSEA’ packages were used to explore potential ARG-related pathways.ResultsAnalyzing 553 samples from TCGA, 231 from MSKCC, 94 from GSE70769, and single-cell data from 6 prostate cancer patients (GSE137829), we constructed a prognostic model based on 9 ARGs. GSVA revealed upregulation of carcinogenic pathways, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, E2F targets, and angiogenesis, with downregulation of metabolic pathways. Significant differences in somatic mutations were observed between cohorts, with a positive correlation between anoikis scores and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Immune landscape analysis suggested high-risk patients might benefit more from chemotherapy than immunotherapy based on their risk score. Single-cell analysis indicated overactivation of carcinogenic pathways in the high anoikis score group.ConclusionThis study elucidates the complex interplay between anoikis and bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Our findings highlight the critical role of anoikis in metastatic progression, enhancing the understanding of key biomarkers and molecular dynamics. The identified anoikis-related gene signatures and disrupted pathways offer promising avenues for predictive and therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer management.

Background: Preventing postoperative complications and accelerating patient recovery are critical issues in clinical treatment and nursing care. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of oscillatory positive expiratory pressure therapy (OPEPT) in patients undergoing thoracic or abdominal surgery. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, SinoMed, Weipu, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the role of OPEPT on patients undergoing thoracic and upper abdominal surgeries. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, quality assessment, and data extraction based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and used the RevMan 5.4 software to perform the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 13 RCTs involving 1166 patients undergoing thoracic or abdominal surgery were included. The meta-analysis results showed that the decreases in FEV1[MD = 0.30, 95%CI (0.22, 0.38), P 0.05). Conclusion: OPEPT, with its promising therapeutic approach, has shown to positively influence the recovery process for patients undergoing thoracic and upper abdominal surgeries. More high-quality, large-sample studies are needed in the future to explore the efficacy and safety of OPEPT.

The purpose of this study was to inherit the great achievements of red sports, absorb the rich spiritual nutrition and belief strength of red sports, strengthen the original mission of the Communist Party of China, and provide theoretical basis and historical reference for drawing a grand blueprint for the development of sports in the new era, opening up a new situation in the construction of a sports power, and realizing the glorious mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Methods: Taking the cause of red sports led by the Communist Party of China as the research object, through the research methods of literature, history and logical analysis. Results: Taking the practice of red sports carried out by the Communist Party of China as the historical main line, this paper interprets and combs the glorious course of red sports led by the Communist Party of China in different periods, and summarizes the basic experience: Including the fundamental experience of "the party leads everything"; Competitive experience of "revolutionary battle"; Educational experience of "highlighting specialty"; The popularization experience of "taking the people as the heart". Conclusion: Inheriting the great achievements of red sports and absorbing the rich spiritual nutrition and belief of red sports, New China will surely realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Youth women's football is the hope of the future development of Chinese women's football, and it is a reserve force that needs to be cultivated. This paper analyzes and discusses the development of youth women's football in Chongqing by using literature and logical analysis methods, explores the new development path of youth women's football in Chongqing, and realizes the value of football policy. It is concluded that the development path of youth women's soccer in Chongqing should be sorted out again, the path should be comprehensively thought about, and the development system of youth women's soccer in Chongqing should be jointly promoted, so as to build a good development system of youth women's soccer and provide a better path for the development of youth women's soccer in Chongqing. Based on this, it is proposed to strengthen the construction of teacher team and improve the overall quality of football teachers. At the student level, football classes are set up based on interest; Talent training level: Build a smooth talent training mechanism, grasp the relationship between student learning and training, talent training system endowed with comprehensiveness and foundation; At the competition level, multi-party cooperation and participation will effectively integrate the teaching and sports sides of football matches.

Pharmacologic treatment of orthopedic diseases is a common challenge for clinical orthopedic surgeons, and as an important step in the stepwise treatment of orthopedic diseases, it is often difficult to achieve satisfactory results with existing pharmacologic treatments. Therefore, it is increasingly important to find new ways to effectively improve the treatment pattern of orthopedic diseases as well as to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. It has been found that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess the advantages of high specific surface area, high porosity, chemical stability, tunability of structure and biocompatibility. Therefore, MOFs are expected to improve the conventional traditional treatment modality for bone diseases. This manuscript reviewed the applications of MOFs in the treatment of common clinical bone diseases and look forward to its future development.

In traditional teaching concepts, teachers are regarded as the owners, transmitters and authorities of knowledge. With the arrival of the information age, the channels for students of sports major to know more about information have increased, and the concept of equality based on people in modern education has opened up a new situation of equal dialogue and exchange. The biggest difference between multi-dimensional interactive teaching mode and traditional teaching mode lies in its emphasis on interactivity and participation. Through purposeful communication and benign interaction teaching methods, combined with the characteristics of sports majors.In the process of teaching ideological and political theory, the abstract and boring theoretical knowledge is combined with the limited social experience of students of sports major to give students of sports major a new feeling, new experience and new stimulation. This kind of interactive and cooperative teaching activities has increased the appeal, persuasiveness and appeal of theoretical propaganda. Form an interactive space for multi-directional communication of teaching information, so that knowledge learning and ability development are unified. The use of visual communication technology in multi-dimensional interactive teaching fully mobilizes students of sports major' enthusiasm, fun, intuitiveness and thinking, creating a passionate classroom teaching atmosphere.

Abstract As one of the most attractive methods for the synthesis of ordered hierarchically porous crystalline materials, the soft-template method has not appeared in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to the incompatibility of surfactant self-assembly and guided crystallization process of COF precursors in the organic phase. Herein, we connect the soft templates to the COF backbone through ionic bonds, avoiding their crystallization incompatibilities, thus introducing an additional ordered arrangement of soft templates into the anionic microporous COFs. The ion exchange method is used to remove the templates while maintaining the high crystallinity of COFs, resulting in the construction of COFs with ordered hierarchically micropores/mesopores, herein named OHMMCOFs (OHMMCOF-1 and OHMMCOF-2). OHMMCOFs exhibit significantly enhanced functional group accessibility and faster mass transfer rate. The extrinsic porosity can be adjusted by changing the template length, concentration, and ratio. Cationic guanidine-based COFs (OHMMCOF-3) are also constructed using the same method, which verifies the scalability of the soft-template strategy. This work provides a path for constructing ordered and tunable extrinsic porosity in COFs with greatly improved mass transfer efficiency and functional group accessibility.

Abstract A new attempt of removing toluene waste gas using a three-dimensional electrode reaction device with nickel–iron bimetallic particle electrode is presented in this paper. The particle electrode was prepared by a simple liquid phase reduction method. Through bimetal modification, the particle electrode mass transfer rate is increased to 1.29 times, and the degradation efficiency of the reactor is increased by nearly 40%, which makes it possible to remove toluene waste gas by other electrochemical methods in addition to plasma method. The removal efficiency of the particle electrode can be stabilized at more than 80% after 5 cycles (50 h). At the same time, the relationship between independent working parameters and dependent variables is analyzed using the central composite design, and the operating parameters are optimized. Based on this study, the removal mechanism and possible degradation pathway of toluene were investigated. This study provides a supplement to the possibility and theoretical basis of new technology application for electrocatalytic oxidation removal of VOCs.

Low molecular aromatic compounds are detrimental to the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. However, the specific role of their functional groups remains unclear. Here, a series of nine aromatic compounds as additives were tested to understand their effect on the hydrolysis yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and alkaline pretreated wheat straw. Based on the results, the inhibition of aldehyde groups on MCC was greater than that of carboxyl groups, whereas for the alkaline pretreated wheat straw case, the inhibitory effect of aldehyde groups was lower than that of carboxyl groups. Increased methoxyl groups of aromatic compounds reduced the inhibitory effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of both substrates. Stronger inhibition of aromatic compounds on MCC hydrolysis was detected in comparison with the alkaline pretreated wheat straw, indicating that the substrate lignin can offset the inhibition to a certain extent. Among all aromatic compounds, syringaldehyde with one aldehyde group and two methoxyl groups improved the glucan conversion of the alkaline pretreated wheat straw.

Abstract The mechanisms underlying myopia remain not fully understood. We proposed to examine the function and underlying mechanisms of miR-204-5p in myopia development. The miR-204-5p expression level was assessed in the vitreous humor (VH) of a cohort consisting of 11 patients with high myopia (HM) and 16 control patients undergoing vitrectomy. Then the functional implications of miR-204-5p in ARPE-19 cells were assessed. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was found as a possible target of miR-204-5p through mRNA sequencing, and its interaction with miR-204-5p was confirmed employing luciferase assay and western blotting. Furthermore, the miR-204-5p function in regulating oxidative stress was examined by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The results indicated a significant reduction of miR-204-5p in the VH of HM patients. Overexpression of miR-204-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. The direct targeting of miR-204-5p on TXNIP has been confirmed, and its downregulation mediated the miR-204-5p impacts on ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, miR-204-5p overexpression significantly reduced ROS accumulation by targeting TXNIP. Our findings revealed the possible contribution of the miR-204-5p/TXNIP axis in myopia development by regulating oxidative stress, which may provide new targets to combat this prevalent and debilitating condition.

Abstract A method is developed for facile encapsulation of reactive organic bases with potential application for autonomous damage detection and self-healing polymers. Highly reactive chemicals such as bases and acids are challenging to encapsulate by traditional oil-water emulsion techniques due to unfavorable physical and chemical interactions. In this work, reactivity of the bases is temporarily masked with photo-removable protecting groups, and the resulting inactive payloads are encapsulated via an in situ emulsion-templated interfacial polymerization method. The encapsulated payloads are then activated to restore the organic bases via photo irradiation, either before or after being released from the core-shell carriers. The efficacy of the photo-activated capsules is demonstrated by a damage-triggered, pH-induced color change in polymeric coatings and by recovery of adhesive strength of a damaged interface. Given the wide range of potential photo-deprotection chemistries, this encapsulation scheme provides a simple but powerful method for storage and targeted delivery of a broad variety of reactive chemicals, promoting design of diverse autonomous functionalities in polymeric materials.

Abstract This study focuses on CO2 capture by pressure swing adsorption (PSA), with modified clinoptilolite as the adsorbent. Natural clinoptilolite is modified by roasting, by acid pickling, by a combination of acid pickling and roasting, and by ion exchange. Modification by acid pickling–roasting and by ion exchange are found to give the highest CO2 adsorption capacities, of 730 mL/g and 876.7 mL/g, respectively. It is found that regeneration of clinoptilolite by a combination of vacuum desorption and heating enables recovery of as much as 89% of its previous CO2 adsorption capacity. To examine the CO2 adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite when applied to mixed gas, a simulated coking exhaust containing 12% CO2 and 4% O2 is used, and it is found that ion exchange modified clinoptilolite achieves a CO2 removal efficiency of 92.5%. A BET test reveals that acid pickling–roasting and Na+ modification enhance the porosity of clinoptilolite, thereby improving its adsorption capacity. This work demonstrates the feasibility of applying modified clinoptilolite as an effective adsorbent for CO2 capture, providing a promising tool for dealing with greenhouse gases.

Summary: Herein, we present a protocol for culturing patient-derived organoids (PDOs) of cervical cancer that includes workflows for tumor biopsy/resection tissue and cytobrush-sampled cells. We describe steps for PDO culture initiation, including rinsing, gentle dissociation, Lymphoprep separation, and cell assessment, as well as seeding cells from surgical and cytobrush tissue digestion. We then provide guidance on PDO maintenance and passage and techniques for producing conditioned medium. Overall, this protocol serves as a valuable guide for establishing and maintaining cervical cancer PDOs.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Colbert et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

For many applications, raw satellite observations need to be converted to high-level products of various essential environmental variables. While numerous products are available at kilometer spatial resolutions, there are few global products at high spatial resolutions (10–30 m), which are also referred to fine or medium resolutions in the literature. To facilitate the development of more high spatial resolution products, this paper systematically reviews the state-of-the-art progress on inversion algorithms and publicly available regional and global products. We begin with an inventory of available high-resolution satellite data, and then present different algorithms for determining cloud masks, estimating aerosol optical depth, and performing atmospheric correction and topographic correction for land surface reflectance retrieval. The majority of this paper reviews the inversion algorithms and existing regional to global products of 18 variables in four major categories: 1) Land surface radiation, including broadband albedo, land surface temperature, and all-wave net radiation; 2) Terrestrial ecosystem variables, including leaf area index, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, fractional vegetation cover, fractional forest cover, tree height, forest above-ground biomass gross primary production, net primary production, and agricultural crop yield; 3) Water cycle and cryosphere, including soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and snow cover; and 4) Land surface types, such as global land cover, impervious surface, inland water, crop type, and fire. Since the existing products over large regions are usually spatially discontinuous due to cloud contamination, different data fusion and data assimilation algorithms and some products for producing spatially seamless and temporally continuous products are presented. In the end, we discuss a variety of challenges in generating global high spatial resolution satellite products.

The silicon vacancy (SiV) color centers in diamond have significant potential in the fields of quantum information, nanophotonics, bioimaging and sensing, due to its good structural stability at room temperature, strong photostability, short luminescence lifetime, narrow zero-phonon line bandwidth, and avoidance of biological autofluorescence. They have attracted extensive attention and in-depth research from researchers. The applications of SiV color centers in the above areas require addressing key issues such as control over the number and charge state of SiV color centers in diamond, as well as improving the luminous efficiency. Therefore, this review summarizes some recent relevant research progress, including common methods for preparing SiV color centers, control over their luminescence intensity, preparation of SiV single-photon sources, and research on the control of SiV color center charge states. Based on these, an outlook is provided for the preparation and application of SiV color centers in diamond.

AbstractReducing agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs) is essential to China’s overall carbon-emission-reduction target and agricultural sustainable development. This paper analyzes the impact of agricultural technology progress (ATP) and financial support for agriculture on ACEs from a theoretical level, and empirically tests the effect of ATP on ACEs by spatial econometric model, using China’s provincial data from 2001 to 2019. The regulatory effect model is used to examine the moderating effect of financial support policies on ATP and ACEs. The sample was divided according to natural geographical environment, economic development level and agricultural production structure to study the regional heterogeneity from the spatial perspective. The main conclusions are as follows: Overall, ATP has an inhibitory effect on ACEs, and this effect has a spatial spillover effect. In terms of regulation effect, fiscal support for agriculture policy has an enhanced regulatory effect in the impact of ATP on reducing ACEs. In addition, there is obvious regional heterogeneity in the carbon emission reduction effect of ATP in the west or east of the Hu Huanyong line, western or non-western, major or non-major grain-producing regions. This paper draws the following policy implications: First, increase agricultural technology research and development and expand technology spillover channels; second, establish regional collaborative emissions reduction mechanisms and strengthen regional technical cooperation; third, improve the financial support system for agriculture; Fourth, implement regional heterogeneous agricultural policies in accordance with local conditions.

AbstractObjective To evaluate the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) adjacent to the trachea and compare them with those of PTMC distant from the trachea.Methods Patients who received RFA for solitary low-risk PTMC between June 2014 and July 2020 were reviewed and classified into adjacent and distant groups. To balance between-group confounders, the propensity score matching approach was employed. Volume, volume reduction ratio (VRR), tumor disappearance, complications, and disease progression were assessed and compared between the groups. Furthermore, factors affecting disease progression were evaluated.Results A total of 122 and 470 patients were included in the adjacent and distant groups, respectively. Overall VRR was 99.5% ± 3.1 and cumulative tumor disappearance rate was 99.4% after a mean follow-up time of 40.1 months ± 16.2. Overall disease progression and complications incidence were 3.7% and 1.0%, respectively. No substantial differences were observed between the two groups in the latest volume (0.8 mm3 ± 4.1 vs. 0.9 mm3 ± 4.2, p = .77), VRR (99.7% ± 1.6 vs. 99.5% ± 2.7, p = .75), cumulative tumor disappearance rate (92.6% vs. 94.2%, p = .58), and incidence of disease progression (4.1% vs. 4.5%, p = .70) and complication (1.7% vs. 0.8%, p = .86) after 1:2 matching. Additionally, tracheal adjacency exhibited no association with disease progression in multivariate Cox regression analysis (p = .73).Conclusion For eligible patients with PTMC located adjacent to or distant from the trachea, RFA may offer a safe and effective alternative treatment method.

A common malignant bone neoplasm in teenagers is Osteosarcoma. Chemotherapy, surgical therapy, and radiation therapy together comprise the usual clinical course of treatment for Osteosarcoma. While Osteosarcoma and other bone tumors are typically treated surgically, however, surgical resection frequently fails to completely eradicate tumors, and in turn becomes the primary reason for postoperative recurrence and metastasis, ultimately leading to a high rate of mortality. Patients still require radiation and/or chemotherapy after surgery to stop the spread of the tumor and its metastases, and both treatments have an adverse influence on the body’s organ systems. In the postoperative management of osteosarcoma, bone scaffolds can load cargos (growth factors or drugs) and function as drug delivery systems (DDSs). This review describes the different kinds of bone scaffolds that are currently available and highlights key studies that use scaffolds as DDSs for the treatment of osteosarcomas. The discussion also includes difficulties and perspectives regarding the use of scaffold-based DDSs. The study may serve as a source for outlining efficient and secure postoperative osteosarcoma treatment plans.

Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites belonging to the polyphenol class of natural water-soluble phytopigments. The accumulation of anthocyanins in different plant tissues can improve plant survival under adverse conditions. In addition, plants with the resulting colorful morphology can be utilized as landscape plants. Triticum boeoticum (syn. Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides, 2n=2x=14, AbAb) serves as a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of its close relative common wheat in terms of enhancing resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous study, the EMS-mutagenized mutant Z2921 with a red glume, stem, and rachis was generated from T. boeoticum G52, which has a green glume, stem, and rachis. In this study, the F1, F2, and F2:3 generations of a cross between mutant-type Z2921 and wild-type G52 were developed. A single recessive gene, tentatively designated RgM4G52, was identified in Z2921 via genetic analysis. Using bulked segregant exome capture sequencing (BSE-Seq) analysis, RgM4G52 was mapped to chromosome 6AL and was flanked by the markers KASP-58 and KASP-26 within a 3.40-cM genetic interval corresponding to 1.71-Mb and 1.61-Mb physical regions in the Chinese Spring (IWGSC RefSeq v1.1) and Triticum boeoticum (TA299) reference genomes, respectively, in which seven and four genes related to anthocyanin synthesis development were annotated. Unlike previously reported color morphology-related genes, RgM4G52 is a recessive gene that can simultaneously control the color of glumes, stems, and rachis in wild einkorn. In addition, a synthetic Triticum dicoccum–T. boeoticum amphiploid Syn-ABAb-34, derived from the colchicine treatment of F1 hybrids between tetraploid wheat PI 352367 (T. dicoccum, AABB) and Z2921, expressed the red stems of Z2921. The flanking markers of RgM4G52 developed in this study could be useful for developing additional common wheat lines with red stems, laying the foundation for marker-assisted breeding and the fine mapping of RgM4G52.

This study conducts a survey and analysis of the fitness status of 331 fishermen who have withdrawn from fishing in the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River Basin. The results indicate that educational level is the most significant factor constraining the participation of these fishermen in fitness activities in the Yangtze River Basin. Gender, place of residence, working hours, and employment status also have a significant impact on their engagement in fitness activities. A monthly income of 6000 yuan is a key income threshold for their participation in fitness activities. After withdrawing from fishing, the attention to health among these fishermen has continually increased. The forms of fitness activities they engage in primarily involve "simple and feasible" activities such as walking, jogging, and hiking. The locations for these activities are mainly parks, roads, courtyards, or residential areas. There are noticeable differences in the level of exercise among fishermen withdrawing from fishing of different age groups. "Lack of time" is a crucial factor preventing these fishermen from participating in fitness activities. Insufficient skills in sports and lack of necessary equipment also hinder their engagement in fitness. The habit of "staring at screens without moving" poses a significant health risk for fishermen withdrawing from fishing in the current context. Participation in fitness activities has a clear positive effect in alleviating the post-out-of-fishing life pressures for these fishermen. It not only facilitates their transition to alternative livelihoods but also enhances their life adaptation, ultimately increasing their sense of well-being in retirement.

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a thyroid autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and thyroid destruction. Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with documented clinical efficacy in treating HT. We previously reported an immunoregulatory effect of PV in thyrocytes; however, the bioactive components of PV remained unclear. This study aimed to elucidate key components of PV for treating HT and their acting mechanisms. Methods: Network pharmacology was used to predict key PV components for HT. The predicted components were tested to determine whether they could exert an immunoregulatory effect of PV in human thyrocytes. Limited proteolysis-mass spectrometry (Lip-MS) was used to explore interacting proteins with PV components in human thyrocytes. Microscale thermophoresis binding assay was used to evaluate the affinity of PV components with the target protein. Results: Eleven PV components with 192 component targets and 3415 HT-related genes were gathered from public databases. With network pharmacology, a ‘component-target-disease’ network was established wherein four flavonoids including quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, morin, and a phytosterol, β-sitosterol were predicted as key components in PV for HT. In stimulated primary human thyrocytes or Nthy-ori-31 cells, key components inhibited gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-β (IFN-β), cellular apoptosis, and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3). Heat shock protein 90 alpha, class A, member 1 (HSP90AA1), was identified to interact with flavonoids in PV by Lip-MS. Morin had the highest affinity with HSP90AA1 (KD = 122.74 μM), followed by kaempferol (KD = 168.53 μM), luteolin (KD = 293.94 μM), and quercetin (KD = 356.86 μM). Conclusion: Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, morin, and β-sitosterol reproduced an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect of PV in stimulated human thyrocytes, which potentially contributed to the treatment efficacy of PV in HT.

The biomedical application of biodegradable polymers for addressing bone-related diseases has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Advances in material technology have expanded the repertoire of materials suitable for orthopedic implants, with nanomaterials playing a pivotal role in replicating crucial surface properties akin to natural tissues. This comprehensive review explores the evaluation of bioactive glass ceramics, shedding light on their properties and applications. The synthesis of composites through composite manufacturing has emerged as a strategy to enhance biocompatibility and biomechanical characteristics. They are addressing challenges associated with conventional implants and nanomaterials, whether in the form of functional nano coatings or nanostructured surfaces, present opportunities to refine implant techniques. Novel developments in orthopedic biomaterials, such as smart biomaterials, porous structures, and 3D implants, offer stimuli-responsive behavior to achieve desired implant shapes and characteristics. Bioactive and biodegradable porous polymer/inorganic composite materials are explored for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, aiming to promote bone formation and regeneration. As a prospective direction, the integration of stem cells into scaffolds hints at the creation of next-generation synthetic/living hybrid biomaterials, displaying high adaptability in biological settings. This review establishes a foundation for nanotechnology-driven biomaterials by elucidating fundamental design factors crucial for orthopedic implant performance and their response to cell differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion.

IntroductionWe aimed to comprehensively investigate the causal relationship between 731 immune cell traits and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and to identify and quantify the role of 1400 metabolic traits as potential mediators in between.MethodsUsing summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of genetically predicted AIT and 731 immune cell traits. Furthermore, we used a two-step MR analysis to quantify the proportion of the total effects (that the immune cells exerted on the risk of AIT) mediated by potential metabolites.ResultsWe identified 24 immune cell traits (with odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.3166 6 to 0.6323) and 10 metabolic traits (with OR ranging from 1.7954 to 0.6158) to be causally associated with AIT, respectively. Five immune cell traits (including CD38 on IgD+ CD24-, CD28 on CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8br, HLA DR+ CD4+ AC, TD CD4+ %CD4+, and CD8 on EM CD8br) were found to be associated with the risk of AIT, which were partially mediated by metabolites (including glycolithocholate sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol disulfate, arachidonoylcholine, X-15486, and kynurenine). The proportion of genetically predicted AIT mediated by the identified metabolites could range from 5.58% to 17.7%.DiscussionOur study identified causal associations between AIT and immune cells which were partially mediated by metabolites, thus providing guidance for future clinical and basic research.

Summary: p53 regulates multiple signaling pathways and maintains cell homeostasis under conditions of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Although USP7 has been shown to promote p53 stability via deubiquitination, the USP7-p53 activation mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we propose that DNA damage induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activates ATM-CHK2, and CHK2 then phosphorylates USP7 at S168 and T231. USP7 phosphorylation is essential for its deubiquitination activity toward p53. USP7 also deubiquitinates CHK2 at K119 and K131, increasing CHK2 stability and creating a positive feedback loop between CHK2 and USP7. Compared to peri-tumor tissues, thyroid cancer and colon cancer tissues show higher CHK2 and phosphorylated USP7 (S168, T231) levels, and these levels are positively correlated. Collectively, our results uncover a phosphorylation-deubiquitination positive feedback loop involving the CHK2-USP7 axis that supports the stabilization of p53 and the maintenance of cell homeostasis.

Abstract Stimulating bone formation potentially suggests therapeutics for orthopedic diseases including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Osteoblasts are key to bone remodeling because they act as the only bone-forming cells. miR-877-5p has a chondrocyte-improving function in osteoarthritis, but its effect on osteoblast differentiation is unknown. Here, miR-877-5p-mediated osteoblast differentiation was studied. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure miR-877-5p expression during the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Osteoblast markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I a1 chain, and osteopontin, were measured and detected by alizarin red staining and ALP staining. Potential targets of miR-877-5p were predicted from three different algorithms: starBase ( http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/ ), PITA ( http://genie.weizmann.ac.il/pubs/mir07/mir07_data.html ), and miRanda ( http://www.microrna.org/microrna/home.do ). It was further verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The experimental results found that miR-877-5p was upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Overexpression of miR-877-5p promoted osteogenic differentiation, which was characterized by increased cell mineralization, ALP activity, and osteogenesis-related gene expression. Knockdown of miR-877-5p produced the opposite result. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-877-5p directly targeted eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4γ2 (EIF4G2). Overexpression of EIF4G2 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and reversed the promoting effect of overexpression of miR-135-5p on osteogenic differentiation. These results indicate that miR-877-5p might have a therapeutic application related to its promotion of bone formation through targeting EIF4G2.