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There is an ongoing need to do more with less and provide highly multiplexed analysis from limited sample volumes. Improved "sample sparing" assays would have a broad impact across pediatric and other rare sample type studies in addition to enabling sequential sampling. This capability would advance both clinical and basic research applications. Here we report the micro blood analysis technology (μBAT), a microfluidic platform that supports multiplexed analysis of neutrophils from a single drop of blood. We demonstrate the multiplexed orthogonal capabilities of μBAT including functional assays (phagocytosis, neutrophil extracellular traps, optical metabolic imaging) and molecular assays (gene expression, cytokine secretion). Importantly we validate our microscale platform using a macroscale benchmark assay. μBAT is compatible with lancet puncture or microdraw devices, and its design facilitates rapid operations without the need for specialized equipment. μBAT offers a new method for investigating neutrophil function in populations with restricted sample amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence and prevalence of breast cancer in Iraq are alarming. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among Iraqi women, and its rates have been steadily increasing over the years. The exact reasons for the high incidence are not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The research objectives of this study revolve around two main goals. Firstly, the study aims to establish baseline values for the amount of uranium present in blood samples. Secondly, the study aims to assess the potential relationship between uranium levels in blood and the development of cancer. The investigation includes 16 blood samples from women diagnosed with breast cancer and 20 blood samples from women without breast cancer. The nuclear fission track analysis method using CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors will be employed to analyze the uranium contents in women's cancer blood (CB) samples. The methodology adopted for this study involved utilizing the SPSS program to conduct a comprehensive statistical analysis. The results of the study indicate that there is a variation in uranium concentration among both the patient women and healthy women. The uranium concentration among patient women ranged from 3.259 ppb to 1.918 ppb, while among healthy women, it varied from 2.105 ppb to 0.59 ppb. These findings suggest that there may be a correlation between the presence of certain health issues and higher uranium levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to develop a molecular diagnosis protocol of monocytic ehrlichiosis and granulocytic anaplasmosis in dogs by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to compare the results from PCR and a rapid serological test. One hundred and six blood samples from dogs were tested by the rapid serological test SNAP 4Dx Plus (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME) and by conventional PCR. Sixty-two of them (58.49%) were positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia canis/Ehrlichia ewingii and 14 (13.21%) for antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys. In 24 (22.64%) blood samples, antibodies against both pathogens were simultaneously detected. Six (5.66%) samples were seronegative. Fourty-six of the 106 tested samples (43.4%) were positive for a 345 bp segment of the ribosomal gene of family Anaplasmataceae. In 28 of them the presence of a 444 bp fragment of the ankA gene of A. phagocytophilum was detected, and in 26: a 409 bp fragment of the gene of E. canis. Nine samples were simultaneously positive for genetic sequences of E. canis and A. phagocytophilum. The target DNA fragments specific for the two studied pathogens were not detected in one of the Anaplasmataceae-positive samples. In the remaining 60 cases (56.6%), the presence of a 345 bp segment of the ribosomal gene was not detected. In the present study, the DNA of E. canis and of A. phagocytophilum was detected for the first time in Bulgarian dogs by the conventional PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether blood laboratory analyses differ in patients who later suffer in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) compared to other hospitalised patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to describe pre‐arrest sampling frequencies, results, and trends in blood laboratory analyses in patients with IHCA compared to controls. Methods: This study was a matched case–control study using national registries in Denmark. Cases were defined as patients with IHCA from 2017 to 2021. Controls were defined as hospitalised patients and were matched on age, sex, and date and length of admission. Data on a total of 51 different blood laboratory analyses were obtained. The laboratory analyses of primary interest were lactate, sodium, potassium, and haemoglobin. The index time for cases was defined as the time of cardiac arrest, and a corresponding index time was defined for controls based on the time to cardiac arrest for their corresponding case. Blood sampling frequencies were reported for blood laboratory analyses obtained either within the last 24 h before the index time or between the time of hospital admission and the index time. Blood sampling results were reported for blood laboratory analyses obtained within the last 24 h before the index time. Results: A total of 9268 cases and 92,395 controls were included in this study. Cases underwent more frequent sampling of all blood laboratory analyses compared to controls. This higher sampling frequency was more pronounced for lactate compared to sodium, potassium, or haemoglobin. The last measured lactate was higher in cases (median [IQR]: 2.3 [1.3, 4.9]) compared to controls (median [IQR]: 1.3 [0.9, 2.0]). Differences in sodium, potassium, and haemoglobin were negligible. The proportion of abnormally elevated levels of lactate and potassium increased as time to cardiac arrest decreased; no such effect was seen in controls. No temporal trend was evident for sodium or haemoglobin. Conclusions: Patients with IHCA undergo more frequent blood sampling prior to IHCA and have higher levels of lactate compared to matched controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis's transient activity in infancy, i.e, minipuberty, is considered crucial for male reproductive function. Historically, minipuberty has been considered a passive response triggered by the withdrawal of placental steroids at birth. However, given its potential link to adult reproductive function, we hypothesize that minipuberty is a partially genetically regulated process, suggesting a link between the genetic architecture of reproductive hormone concentrations across lifespan. Objective To investigate the association of UK Biobank Study-based polygenic scores (PGS) of adult total testosterone (T) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations with trajectories of reproductive hormones concentrations in male infants. Design Prospective, longitudinal birth cohort (The COPENHAGEN Minipuberty Study, 2016-2018, ClinTrial: NCT02784184). Individual PGSs in male infants derived from published literature were calculated for total T and SHBG. The associations with mean SD scores (SDS) of reproductive hormone concentrations in infancy were tested. Setting Population-based. Patients or other participants Healthy, male, term, singleton newborns were followed with repeated clinical examinations including blood sampling during a 1-year follow-up (n = 109). Main outcome measures Circulating reproductive hormone concentrations. Results T-PGSadult were significant associated with mean T-SDSinfancy, mean SHBG-SDSinfancy, and mean LH-SDSinfancy (P =.02, <.001 and.03, with r2 = 0.05, 0.21 and 0.04, respectively). SHBG-PGSadult was significantly associated with mean SHBG-SDSinfancy (P <.001, r2 = 0.18). T-PGSadult explained 5% and 21% of the phenotypic variation in infancy of mean T-SDSinfancy and SHBG-SDSinfancy, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the genetic architecture underlying total T and SHBG in adults also associates with hormone concentrations and their trajectories during infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Montmorency cherry (MC) can improve endurance performance, but optimal pre‐exercise timing of supplementation and influence of training status on efficacy are unknown. We investigated the effect of MC concentrate ingestion between 30‐ and 150‐min pre‐exercise in trained and recreational cyclists on 15‐km time trial (TT) performance and exercise economy. Twenty participants (10 recreationally active, RA; 10 trained, T) completed 10 min of steady‐state exercise (SSE) at 40%Δ (SSE) and a TT on four separate occasions following an unsupplemented (US), 30‐, 90‐ or 150‐min pre‐exercise Montmorency cherry concentrate (MCC) supplementation conditions (MCC30/90/150min). Venous and capillary blood samples were taken at regular intervals pre‐ and post‐SSE and TT. MCC significantly improved TT performance, but not exercise economy. The greatest improvement in performance occurred following MCC90min compared to US (US 1603.1 ± 248 s vs. MCC90min 1554.8 ± 226.7 s, 2.83% performance improvement). Performance was significantly enhanced for trained (US 1496.6 ± 173.1 s vs. MCC90min 1466.8 ± 157.6 s) but not recreationally active participants. Capillary [lactate] and heart rate were significantly greater during the TT for the 90‐min dose timing (p < 0.05). In the MCC30min and MCC90min conditions, plasma ferulic (US 8.71 ± 3.22 nmol. L−1 vs. MCC30min 15.80 ± 8.69 nmol. L−1, MCC90min 12.65 ± 4.84 nmol. L−1) and vanillic acid (US 25.14 ± 10.91 nmol.L−1 vs. MCC30min 153.07 ± 85.91 nmol. L−1, MCC90min 164.58 ± 59.06 nmol. L−1) were significantly higher pre‐exercise than in US and MCC150min conditions (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in muscle oxygenation status or plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration. MCC supplementation enhanced endurance exercise performance optimally when consumed ∼90 min pre‐exercise producing maximal plasma phenolic metabolites during exercise. The ergogenic effect was greater for trained participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Method Results Conclusions Samples for transfusion rejected due to mislabelling can lead to harm when a patient has to be re‐bled or has a transfusion or procedure delayed. Electronic labelling systems which scan the patient's identification band and generate a label at their side aim to reduce mislabelling and misidentification leading to wrong blood in tube (WBIT) errors. The 2022 National Comparative audit of sample collection aimed to compare national rates of sample mislabelling and WBIT to the 2012 audit and to examine the impact of electronic systems.All UK hospitals were invited to provide data on rejected transfusion samples and WBIT incidents in 1 month (October 2022) and were asked if they had electronic labelling.Twenty‐three thousand five hundred and eighty‐four rejected samples were reported by 179 sites in 1 month. The rejection rate of 4.4% represents a 47% increase compared to 2012 (2.99%). There were 92 WBIT incidents, an incidence of 1 in 5882 samples—a 45% increase compared to 1 in 8547 in 2012. Twenty‐three percent of sites can print a sample label at the patient's side, up by 224%. The six sites using only electronic sample labelling had a 46.9% lower rejection rate than sites using only hand‐labelling but still reported WBIT.The increase in sample rejection and WBIT may reflect pressures facing clinical staff, zero tolerance policies and the two‐sample rule. A human factors approach to understanding and tackling underlying reasons locally is recommended. Electronic systems are associated with fewer labelling errors, but careful implementation and training is needed to maximise their safety benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis and causes a persistent infection that can leave cattle with no symptoms. Many countries have been able to successfully eradicate BLV through improved detection and management methods. However, with the increasing novel molecular detection methods there have been few efforts to standardize these results at global scale. This study aimed to determine the interlaboratory accuracy and agreement of 11 molecular tests in detecting BLV. Each qPCR/ddPCR method varied by target gene, primer design, DNA input and chemistries. DNA samples were extracted from blood of BLV-seropositive cattle and lyophilized to grant a better preservation during shipping to all participants around the globe. Twenty nine out of 44 samples were correctly identified by the 11 labs and all methods exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity between 74 and 100%. Agreement amongst different assays was linked to BLV copy numbers present in samples and the characteristics of each assay (i.e., BLV target sequence). Finally, the mean correlation value for all assays was within the range of strong correlation. This study highlights the importance of continuous need for standardization and harmonization amongst assays and the different participants. The results underscore the need of an international calibrator to estimate the efficiency (standard curve) of the different assays and improve quantitation accuracy. Additionally, this will inform future participants about the variability associated with emerging chemistries, methods, and technologies used to study BLV. Altogether, by improving tests performance worldwide it will positively aid in the eradication efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin is an anatomical reservoir for African trypanosomes, yet the prevalence of extravascular parasite carriage in the population at risk of gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (gHAT) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study in the HAT foci of Forecariah and Boffa, Republic of Guinea. Of the 18,916 subjects serologically screened for gHAT, 96 were enrolled into our study. At enrolment and follow-up visits, participants underwent a dermatological examination and had blood samples and superficial skin snip biopsies taken for examination by molecular and immuno-histological methods. In seropositive individuals, dermatological symptoms were significantly more frequent as compared to seronegative controls. Trypanosoma brucei DNA was detected in the blood of 67% of confirmed cases (22/33) and 9% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (3/32). However, parasites were detected in the extravascular dermis of up to 71% of confirmed cases (25/35) and 41% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (13/32) by PCR and/or immuno-histochemistry. Six to twelve months after treatment, trypanosome detection in the skin dropped to 17% of confirmed cases (5/30), whereas up to 25% of unconfirmed, hence untreated, seropositive individuals (4/16) were still found positive. Dermal trypanosomes were observed in subjects from both transmission foci, however, the occurrence of pruritus and the PCR positivity rates were significantly higher in unconfirmed seropositive individuals in Forecariah. The lower sensitivity of superficial skin snip biopsies appeared critical for detecting trypanosomes in the basal dermis. These results are discussed in the context of the planned elimination of gHAT. Author summary: The skin is a reservoir for African trypanosomes. Here, we conducted a prospective study in Forecariah and Boffa, Guinea, to estimate the proportion of skin-dwelling parasites in the population. Of the 18,916 subjects screened for HAT, 96 were enrolled into our study. Participants underwent a dermatological examination and had blood samples and superficial skin biopsies taken for examination by molecular and immuno-histological methods. In individuals seropositive for HAT, dermatological symptoms were significantly more frequent. Trypanosome DNA was detected in the blood of 67% of confirmed cases and 9% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals. However, parasites were detected in the skin of up to 71% of confirmed cases and 41% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals. After treatment, trypanosome detection in the skin dropped to 17% of confirmed cases, whereas up to 25% of unconfirmed, hence untreated, seropositive individuals were still found positive. Dermal trypanosomes were observed in subjects from both regions; however, the occurrence of itching and the PCR positivity were significantly higher in unconfirmed seropositive individuals in Forecariah. The lower sensitivity of superficial skin biopsies appeared critical for detecting trypanosomes. These results are discussed in the context of the planned elimination of HAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While drainage/removal of fluid and toxins from the brain by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) directly into venous blood is well-known, a second drainage route has recently been (re)discovered—meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs)—which are responsible for up to half of total brain fluid/toxin drainage. The cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases mLV diameter and numbers to increase mLV drainage, resulting in increased mLV drainage. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by low plasma and CSF levels of VEGF. Objective: To determine if non-invasive transcranial radiofrequency wave treatment (TRFT), through modulation of VEGF levels in blood and CSF, can affect removal of toxins tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) from the brain. Methods: Eight mild/moderate AD subjects were given twice-daily 1-hour TRFT sessions at home by their caregivers. Blood and CSF samples were taken at baseline and following completion of 2 months of TRFT. Results: In plasma and/or CSF, strong baseline correlations between VEGF levels and AD markers (t-tau, p-tau, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42) were eliminated by TRFT. This effect was primarily due to TRFT-induced increases in VEGF levels in AD subjects with low or unmeasurable "baseline" VEGF levels. These increased VEGF levels were associated with increased clearance/drainage of tau and Aβ from the brain, likely through VEGF's actions on mLVs. Conclusions: A new mechanism of TRFT is identified (facilitation of brain tau and Aβ clearance via VEGF) that is likely contributory to TRFT's reversal of cognitive impairment in AD subjects. TRFT may be particularly effective for cognitive benefit in AD subjects who have low VEGF levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHead injury is a potentially lethal and frequently occurring condition in the emergency department (ED). Reliable and fast diagnosis is important both for patients and flow in the ED. Circulating S100B is used to rule out the need for head computer tomography in low-risk patients with mild head injury. The flow of these patients through the ED would benefit from shorter turn-around time. Standard serum clotting tubes require 30-60 min clotting time, followed by an analysis time of 45 min. Here, we evaluated the performance of two alternative blood collection tubes; a rapid serum tube (RST) with a recommend clotting time of 5 min and a hirudin tube (HIR) for instant anticoagulation. S100B measurement was performed on paired blood samples from 221 subjects using a Roche Cobas 602 analyser. The performances of the alternative tubes were evaluated by method comparison to the standard serum clotting tube, repeatability and agreement of results obtained from alternative tubes compared with the standard clotting tube. Both alternative tubes had a minor positive bias (RST = 0.011 µg/L, HIR = 0.008 µg/L). The repeatability was 2% for RST and 10% for HIR, while being 4% for the standard clotting tube. In the agreement analysis, the positive and negative predictive values for RST were 62% and 100% while being 73% and 99% for HIR respectively. Our study suggests that RST is a feasible alternative to reduce laboratory turn-around time in S100b analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive strategies of hibernating insectivorous bats and reproduction phenology parameters can vary considerably as they will be influenced by ecological seasonality. While the exact timing of greater mouseeared bat (Myotis myotis) reproduction is described through morphological assessment of dissected embryos, most recent studies have focused only on population or behavioural aspects of reproduction. In our study, non-invasive ultrasound examination and non-lethal blood sampling were used to assess basic reproduction parameters of M. myotis from two nursery colonies over two gestation periods with different weather conditions. We found that ovulation probably occurred before female emergence from the hibernacula between late March and mid-April, triggered by a short period of high ambient temperature lasting at least three days. On the other hand, the estimated date of blastocyst implantation only varied within four days despite weather conditions differing significantly over the two years. Though specific foetal growth velocity did not differ between localities, the date of parturition was influenced by shelter temperature in May (difference between localities) and average ambient temperature in April (difference between years). The progesterone level does not appear to be a suitable indicator of pregnancy stage as it changed significantly during pregnancy and did not correlate with foetus size. The total gestation period (from fertilisation to parturition) varied between 56 and 73 days in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions In Japan, noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been performed by facilities accredited by the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology since 2013. However, since 2016, with the implementation of NIPT, which can only be performed by blood sampling, non‐obstetricians have been involved in prenatal testing. Therefore, in July 2022, a new government‐involved NIPT certification system based on Health Sciences Council guidelines was introduced to ensure access to prenatal testing information for pregnant women.This survey was conducted in February 2023 and was the first survey after the certification system implementation. We conducted a web‐based survey of 1227 pregnant women and nursing mothers who underwent NIPT after July 2022 to evaluate their experiences.Respondents were categorized by certification status as certified (C: 56%), non‐certified (non‐C: 23%), or uncertain (Q: 20%). The C group with a higher mean age at examination (35.0 ± 4.5 years) paid lower examination fees, received longer pre‐ and post‐examination explanations, and underwent more weekday examinations (80%) than the other groups. Most respondents, 67%, 48%, and 53% in the C, non‐C, and Q groups, respectively (p < 0.0001), stated that “NIPT needs to be regulated by the government or academic societies.” The non‐C group was more likely to say, “Insufficient post‐test explanations at the laboratory made me more anxious,” than the other groups when the testing results were non‐negative (p = 0.015).Despite government regulation, some pregnant women choose convenience over certified facilities, risking inadequate care. The government should ensure that NIPT is a safe option for all pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impedance aggregometry is an alternative to light transmission aggregometry that allows analysis of platelet function in whole blood samples. We hypothesized (1) impedance aggregometry would produce repeatable results, (2) inhibition of cyclooxygenase with aspirin would attenuate aggregation responses to collagen and abolish the aggregation response to arachidonic acid (AA), and (3) thromboxane receptor antagonism (terutroban) would attenuate the aggregation response to AA. Venous blood was obtained from 11 participants three times separated by at least 2 weeks. One sample followed 7‐day‐aspirin intervention (81 mg once daily; ASA), the others no intervention (control). Aggregation was induced using 1 μg/mL collagen ([col 1]), 5 μg/mL collagen ([col 5]), and 50 mM AA via impedance aggregometry to determine total aggregation (AUC) analyzed for intra‐test repeatability, inter‐test repeatability, intervention (ASA or control), and incubation (saline or terutroban). [col 1] showed high intra‐test (p ≤ 0.03 visit 1 and 2) and inter‐test repeatability (p < 0.01). [col 5] and AA showed intra‐ ([col 5] p < 0.01 visit 1 and 2; AA p < 0.001 visit 1 and 2) but not inter‐test repeatability ([col 5] p = 0.48; AA p = 0.06). ASA attenuated AUC responses to [col 1] (p < 0.01), [col 5] (p = 0.03), and AA (p < 0.01). Terutroban attenuated AUC in response to AA (p < 0.01). [col 1] shows sufficient repeatability for longitudinal investigations of platelet function. [col 5] and AA may be used to investigate mechanisms of platelet function and metabolism at a single time point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This parallel‐group, open‐label Phase I study evaluated the effect of mild to moderate hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of a single oral dose of SHR4640. Participants with mild or moderate hepatic impairment were enrolled, with each cohort consisting of eight individuals, alongside eight well‐matched controls with normal hepatic function. The participants were administered 10 mg SHR4640, and blood samples were collected for PK evaluation over 72 h. Additionally, serum uric acid (sUA) levels were measured to assess PD changes. Safety was evaluated through adverse events, laboratory tests, vital signs, and electrocardiograms. The Cmax of SHR4640 decreased by 15.0% in the mild hepatic impairment group (geometric least squares means of the ratios [GMR] = 0.850, 90% CI: 0.701‐1.03) and by 17.5% in the moderate hepatic impairment group (GMR = 0.825, 90% CI: 0.681‐1.00). These reductions were not statistically significant compared to the normal hepatic function group. AUC0‐t and AUC0‐inf were similar across all groups, indicating that overall exposure to the drug was not clinical significantly affected by hepatic impairment. Apparent clearance and volume of distribution of SHR4640 showed no association with the severity of hepatic impairment as measured by the Child–Pugh score. There were no significant differences in the changes in sUA levels from baseline across different levels of hepatic function. SHR4640 is well tolerated in participants with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Mild and moderate hepatic impairment did not have a clinically relevant impact on PK, PD, and safety of SHR4640. SHR4640 can be used in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment without the need for dose adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria continues to be an important threat to public health and infects millions of children under 5 years of age each year. Although Ethiopia has set targets for at-risk group interventions to eradicate and manage malaria, the illness is still a serious public health problem in areas where it is endemic, especially in the unique lowlands in the Borena zone. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among children in Borena's pastoral communities, Oromia Regional State, southern Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 30 April 2022 among 437 randomly selected households with children under 5 years of age in pastoral communities in the Borena zone. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with structured and pretested questionnaires and blood sample examination using microscopy. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and examined under a microscope at a health center to confirm malaria cases. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with malaria, and a p-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: The prevalence of malaria among children under 5 years of age was 27.8% (95% CI = 23.5-32.1), and the prevalence rates of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed malaria were 68.4%, 25.6%, and 6%, respectively. Regarding the proportion of malaria among age groups, 81% of children under 5 years of age between 48 and 59 months were malaria-positive. In this study, fever within the last week (AOR = 13.34, 95% CI = 6.37-27.95) and not sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI =1.95-4.92) were significantly associated with malaria. The age of the children was negatively associated with malaria prevalence. Conclusion: The prevalence of malaria among children under 5 years old was high during the rainy season in this pastoral region of Ethiopia. Factors such as fever within the last week and not sleeping in insecticide-treated nets were significantly associated with malaria. Therefore, to reduce malaria-related infections and deaths among children under 5 years of age, the government ought to enhance the availability and utilization of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the sequence type (ST) of Bartonella henselae infecting small Indian mongooses from Saint Kitts via multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). This investigation used stored EDTA blood (n = 22) samples from mongooses previously identified as positive for B. henselae. Chocolate agar plates were enriched with Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) to culture and isolate Bartonella from the blood samples. To perform MLST, DNA was extracted and purified from isolates followed by amplification by conventional PCR (300–500 bp) for eight genes (16S rDNA, batR, gltA, groEL, ftsZ, nlpD, ribC, and rpoB). Bartonella henselae STs were deposited in the PubMLST repository. Out of 22 B. henselae-positive blood samples, isolates were obtained from 12 mongooses (54.5%; 12/22). Each mongoose was infected with one ST. The studied mongoose population was infected with sequence types ST2, ST3, ST8, and a novel ST represented by ST38. Bartonella henselae ST2, ST3 and ST8 infecting mongooses are known to circulate in humans and cats, with ST2 and ST8 associated with Cat Scratch Disease (bartonellosis) in humans. The results presented herein denote the circulation of B. henselae STs with zoonotic potential in mongooses with risk of B. henselae transmission to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusions The relative contributions of insulin secretory defects and possible additional contribution of insulin resistance for the development of cystic fibrosis (CF)‐related diabetes (CFRD) are poorly understood. We aimed to (a) determine which indices of insulin resistance predict progression to CFRD, and (b) to model the relative contributions of insulin secretory function and insulin resistance to predict the risk of CFRD.Three hundred and three individuals living with CF underwent a 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test with blood sampling every 30 min at 12–24‐month intervals until they developed CFRD or until the end of follow‐up (up to 15 years). Indices of insulin resistance (e.g. Stumvoll) and insulin secretion were calculated from oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin measurements. CFRD‐free survival was assessed by survival analysis.Estimated insulin resistance showed associations with glucose homeostasis and risk of progression to CFRD. The CFRD‐free survival was significantly different between quartiles of insulin resistance (p < 0.0001). When patients were subdivided according to both insulin resistance and insulin secretion (insulinogenic index), CFRD‐free survival was significantly lower in those with combined lowest insulin secretion and highest insulin resistance (Stumvoll) indices (hazard ratio: 11.2; p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference when the same analysis was performed for the nine other indices.Insulin resistance is correlated with glucose homeostasis and the risk of progression to CFRD. Patients combining low insulin secretion and high insulin resistance had the greatest odds of developing CFRD over a 15‐year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat shock stress induces genome-wide changes in transcription regulation, activating a coordinated cellular response to enable survival. We noticed many heat shock genes are up-regulated in blood samples from individuals with trisomy 21. We characterized the immediate transcriptional response to heat shock of two lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from brothers with and without trisomy 21. The trisomy 21 cells displayed a more robust heat shock response after just one hour at 42°C than the matched disomic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundObjectivesMaterial and methodsResultsConclusions and significanceHE4 and CA 125 are identified as a potential biomarker for the detection of some diseases with fibrosis.The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) in otosclerosis patients.The study population consisted of 60 people (30 otosclerosis patients, 30 control group). We collected blood samples for HE4 and CA-125 levels. Serum HE4 and CA-125 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We compared the results between otosclerosis patients and the normal subject. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value.There was no differences in CA-125 level between the otosclerosis (20.3 U/mL [10.4-42.1] and control group (19.3 U/mL [15.3-49.8]) (p > 0.05). HE4 level was significantly higher in the otosclerosis group (60.9 pmol/L [32.1-101.8])] than the control group (25.3 pmol/L [12.4-91.9]) (p < 0.001). The AUC in ROC analysis of HE4 was 0.768 (p < 0.001).Serum HE4 level may be a useful biomarker in otosclerosis. Further studies with a larger number of patients are required to confirm our pilot results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ascaris suum is the most widespread and common nematode in pigs. • Ascaris suum eggs were detected in 18% of the alternative farms included in the study. • At least 20% of pigs over 22 weeks of age were seropositive for A. suum on 80% of farms. • The coprological test has very good specificity but very low sensitivity. • The serological diagnostic test seems better suited to defining a farm's status. Coprological and serological diagnostic tests were compared to define the status of a pig farm with regard to Ascaris suum. On each of the 100 farms in France visited for the study, 10 blood samples were taken from pigs at the end of fattening (at least 22 weeks old) and 20 to 30 faecal samples were taken, depending on the category of animals present on the farm (10 sows, 10 piglets aged 10 to 12 weeks and 10 pigs at the end of fattening, aged at least 22 weeks). A SERASCA® ELISA test (Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University) was performed on each blood sample (cut-off 0.5) and a coprological analysis on each faecal sample. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the coprological and serological tests. A farm was considered positive if at least one A. suum egg was observed in the faecal samples. With regard to the serological test, various hypotheses were tested in order to define the number of seropositive animals required to consider a farm positive for A. suum. The coprological test has very good specificity in the search for A. suum , whether 20 or 30 samples are taken per farm. However, even with an increase in the number of samples, the sensitivity of this diagnostic approach is very low (less than 30%). On the other hand, the serological diagnostic method, which consists of taking blood samples from 10 animals at the end of fattening, has good sensitivity and seems better suited to defining the status of a farm with regard to A. suum , provided that a farm is considered seropositive only if two out of 10 samples are positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a congenital disease with incidence of 1: 10.000 births. HD is signed by part of the intestine that does not have a ganglion causing obstruction symptoms. Definitive management of HD is by performing surgery on the aganglionic bowel. Several decades ago, the management of HD required multistep surgery. However, lately one-step surgery have been developed that allow minimal intervention. The purpose of this study was to compare Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in one-step and multistep postoperative patients in HD. Methods: Patients sample in total of 7 people (4 one-step surgery, 3 multistep surgery) taken from May to October 2022 at the Arifin Ahmad Hospital which were then examined for IL-6 at the LONTAR biomedical integrated laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Riau University. Plasma IL-6 levels were measured from postoperative venous blood samples examined using the sandwich ELISA method and the results were processed by statistical T-test to assess the difference IL-6 levels in the two types of surgery methods. Results: The average IL-6 level in patients using one-step surgery was 0,14 pg/mL – 47,92 pg/mL and the average IL-6 level in patients using multistep surgery was 0,98 pg/mL – 28,00 pg/mL. This study showed that the level of IL-6 with one-step surgery was higher than multistep surgery but there was no significant difference in terms of inflamatory marker’s especially Interleukin-6. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 levels as a mark of inflammatory factors in one-step or multistep Hirschprung’s disease surgery were not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Follow‐up for colorectal cancer (CRC) necessitates regular monitoring of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at the hospital. Capillary home‐based blood collection, including minimally invasive techniques such as lancet sampling or an automated upper arm device (TAP‐II), has the potential to replace a significant portion of hospital‐based blood sampling, thereby enhancing self‐reliance and quality of life. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility, reliability and preference for CEA blood collection. Methods: Baseline venous and capillary (by lancet and TAP‐II) blood samples were collected from 102 participants, including 20 CRC patients with elevated CEA levels, 60 CRC patients undergoing postoperative outpatient monitoring and 20 healthy volunteers. The second group performed capillary blood collections at home on two consecutive follow‐up appointments and subsequently sent them to the hospital. Satisfaction was assessed via patient reported outcome measures on pain, burden, ease of use and preference. Results: The Pearson's correlation test of all usable samples resulted in a linear coefficient of 0.998 (95% CI 0.997–0.998) for the TAP‐II method and 0.997 (95% CI 0.996–0.998) for the lancet method, both compared to venipuncture. Following the initial blood collection, 86% of the participants (n = 102) favoured the TAP‐II, rating it as the least painful and burdensome option. After two home‐based blood samples, the preference for the TAP‐II method persisted, with 64% of the patients endorsing its use. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of home‐based capillary sampling of CEA. The TAP‐II blood collection is the most reliable method and is preferred by patients over venipuncture and lancet sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine if 7d of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract alters the heat shock, inflammatory and apoptotic response during prolonged exertional-heat stress. Methods: Ten men (Age: 29 ± 2 years, Stature: 1.82 ± 0.02 m, Mass: 80.3 ± 2.7 kg, V̇O2max: 56 ± 2 mL·kg−1·min−1) ingested two capsules of CurraNZ™ (NZBC extract: 210 mg anthocyanins·day−1) or PLACEBO for 7d prior to 1 h treadmill run (65% V̇O2max) in hot ambient conditions (34 °C/40% RH). Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 1 h after (1-Post), and 4 h after (4-Post) exercise. Heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP32) were measured in plasma. HSP and protein markers of inflammatory capacity (TLR4, NF-κB) and apoptosis (BAX/BCL-2, Caspase 9) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results: eHSP32 was elevated at baseline in NZBC(+ 31%; p < 0.001). In PLACEBO HSP32 content in PBMC was elevated at 4-Post(+ 98%; p = 0.002), whereas in NZBC it fell at Post(− 45%; p = 0.030) and 1-Post(− 48%; p = 0.026). eHSP70 was increased at Post in PLACEBO(+ 55.6%, p = 0.001) and NZBC (+ 50.7%, p = 0.010). eHSP90 was increased at Post(+ 77.9%, p < 0.001) and 1-Post(+ 73.2%, p < 0.001) in PLACEBO, with similar increases being shown in NZBC (+ 49.0%, p = 0.006 and + 66.2%, p = 0.001; respectively). TLR4 and NF-κB were both elevated in NZBC at PRE(+ 54%, p = 0.003 and + 57%, p = 0.004; respectively). Main effects of study condition were also shown for BAX/BCL-2(p = 0.025) and Caspase 9 (p = 0.043); both were higher in NZBC. Conclusion: 7d of NZBC extract supplementation increased eHSP32 and PBMC HSP32 content. It also increased inflammatory and apoptotic markers in PBMC, suggesting that NZBC supports the putative inflammatory response that accompanies exertional-heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N‐Acetyl‐D‐mannosamine (ManNAc) is an endogenous monosaccharide and precursor of N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a critical sialic acid. ManNAc is currently under clinical development to treat GNE myopathy, a rare muscle‐wasting disease. In this randomized, open‐label, 2‐sequence, crossover study, 16 healthy women and men were administered a single oral dose of ManNAc under fasting and fed conditions. Blood samples were collected for 48 hours after dosing for quantification of plasma ManNAc and Neu5Ac concentrations. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic and deconvolution analyses were performed using baseline‐corrected plasma concentration data. Administration of ManNAc in the fed state resulted in a 1.6‐fold increase in ManNAc exposure, compared to fasting conditions. A concurrent increase in Neu5Ac exposure was observed in the presence of food. Deconvolution analysis indicated that the findings were attributed to prolonged absorption rather than an enhanced rate of absorption. The impact of food on ManNAc pharmacokinetics was greater in women than men (fed/fasted area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity mean ratio: 198% compared to 121%). It is hypothesized that the presence of food slows gastric emptying, allowing a gradual release of ManNAc into the small intestine, translating into improved ManNAc absorption. The results suggest that taking ManNAc with food may enhance its therapeutic activity and/or reduce the daily dosage requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vardenafil hydrochloride tablet is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, primarily for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This postprandial study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations of vardenafil hydrochloride tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. An open, randomized, single‐center, single‐dose, 2‐period, 2‐sequence bioequivalence test was conducted on 66 healthy subjects under fed conditions. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 20‐mg test or reference formulation with a 7‐day washout period. Venous blood samples (4 mL) were collected from each subject 25 times spanning predose (0 hour) to 24 hours after dosing. The plasma concentration of vardenafil was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Sixty‐two volunteers completed the study. Under fed conditions, the maximum plasma concentration was 29.1 ng/mL, the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration was 85.3 ng•h/mL, and AUC from time 0 to infinity was 87.1 ng•h/mL. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of AUC time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration and AUC from time 0 to infinity were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 0.80‐1.25. The test formulation was a bioequivalent alternative to the reference formulation when taken under fed conditions in healthy Chinese subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation appears to be a critical mechanism in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and a consequence of chronic alcohol use. The potential anti‐inflammatory properties of cannabis may modulate the proinflammatory effects of alcohol. This study sought to extend previous work investigating the relationship between alcohol consumption, cannabis use and circulating interleukin (IL)‐6 levels in a sample with AUD. One hundred and thirty‐three individuals with an AUD provided blood samples to assess IL‐6 and answered questions regarding alcohol and cannabis use. An ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the effect of alcohol and cannabis use on IL‐6. A moderation analysis examined cannabis use as a potential moderator of the relationship between alcohol use and circulating IL‐6 levels. Alcohol use was predictive of higher log IL‐6 levels (standardized β = 0.16, p = 0.03), while cannabis use was not predictive of log IL‐6 levels (p = 0.36). Days of cannabis use moderated the relationship between alcohol use and IL‐6 levels, such that the relationship between alcohol use and IL‐6 levels was only significant in individuals with AUD without recent cannabis use. This study extends previous work to a clinical sample with an AUD and underscores the importance of considering cannabis use in studies on alcohol use and inflammation. This study also indicates the need for in‐depth analyses on cannabinoids and inflammation and the interaction between cannabinoids and alcohol use on inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), known for its metabolic effects, is a potential target for treating diabetes. This study aimed to assess the FGF21 levels and insulin resistance index after resistance and endurance training in the male diabetic rat's heart tissue. Twenty-four streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats have been divided into four groups randomly: endurance training (6), resistance training (6), sham (6), and healthy (6). The endurance training group trained on the treadmill 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks, while the resistance training group trained 6 sessions/week on the ladder. Before and following the first and last training sessions, blood samples had been collected to measure FBS, FBI, and HOMA. Following the final training session, heart tissue was lysed, and we determined the level of FGF21 by ELISA technique. Within- and between-group differences were measured in FBS, FBI, and HOMA-IR through analyzing data using pairwise samples T tests and repeated-measure ANOVA test respectively and the differences in FGF21 levels between groups through a one-way ANOVA test through SPSS software. The resistance training group had more FGF21 protein than the other groups. The endurance and resistance training groups did not differ significantly (P = 0.249). However, there was a significant difference from the sham group (P = 0.008). In addition, fasting blood sugar level and insulin resistance index reduced significantly in both groups of endurance training (P = 0.001, P = 0.005) and resistance training (P = 0.004, P = 0.01), and there were no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). Both endurance and resistance training reduce fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance index. Furthermore, resistance training increases the amount of FGF21 in the heart tissue. However, there are no differences with endurance training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-range surface plasmon biosensor (LRSPR) using the 2S2G/Teflon/Au MXene/Sensing medium (SM) is proposed for improve the imaging sensitivity. Here, the MXene layer is used to improve imaging sensitivity and protect against unwanted oxidation of Au layer. MXene having formula is Ti3C2Tx layered materials with hydrophilic nature, better stability, good conductivity and large surface area. The proposed LRSPR uses the high adsorption efficiency and high resolution. Numerically investigate the imaging sensitivity compared to the conventional surface plasmon sensor (cSPR) as well as systematic layer of proposed LRSPR sensor. The maximum imaging sensitivity of 10,465/RIU at 1.35 based RI of plasma sensing medium is achieved. The maximum electric field normalized at the interface between the Teflon-Au layer in the proposed sensor and the Au/MXene layer in the cSPR sensor. For the proposed LRSPR sensor, the penetration depth (PD) of the field into the sensing medium of 611.7 nm and 806.13 nm is obtained at Au-SM and MXene-SM interface for the sensing medium of 1.337 and 1.350. In addition, the figure of merit (FoM) as 193/RIU and 275.6/RIU is exhibited for the same sensing medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the detection of dengue virus using a proposed copper (Cu) and black phosphorus (BP)–based SPR sensor. This proposed sensor is capable of detecting normal and infected blood samples containing plasma, platelets and hemoglobin. We studied the performance parameter at optimized Cu layer thickness of the proposed sensor by calculating that the maximum sensitivity is 150.55°/RIU, 226.73°/RIU and 295.58°/RIU at Rmin values with 57 nm, 57 nm and 51 nm thickness of Cu layer for the detection of plasma, platelet and hemoglobin in the blood sample of dengue malaria. The properties of BP combined with the unique plasmonic properties of SPR sensors can result in enhanced interactions between surface plasmons and incident light. These results are intended for improved sensitivity and remarkable figure of merit (FoM). We also calculated the electric field and penetration depth (PD) for the same sample. In this study, the normal and infected blood samples are successfully examined for the performance parameters for the plasma, platelets and hemoglobin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We conducted a meta‐analysis comparing the invasiveness of automatic lancet devices, which can collect adequate amount of blood at shallow puncture depths, with conventional manual lance devices (lancet or needle) to statistically identify less invasive instruments for neonatal heel lance. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, and Ichushi databases for studies comparing the invasiveness between automatic lancet and manual lancet or needle in term and preterm neonates in neonatal intensive care unit. Results: This review included 9 out of 449 searched articles, with 673 neonates. Automatic lancet had significantly lower pain scores (standardised mean difference: −2.0, 95% confidence interval: −3.3 to −0.7), heart rate (mean difference: −8.0, 95% confidence interval: −13.8 to −2.1), cry duration (mean difference: −21.5, 95% confidence interval: −32.5 to −10.4), number of punctures (mean difference: −0.6, 95% confidence interval: −1.1 to −0.2), and duration of procedures (mean difference: −37.7, 95% confidence interval: −75.2 to −0.2) than manual lancet or needle. Furthermore, peripheral oxygen saturation was significantly higher in automatic lancet than in manual lancet or needle (mean difference: 4.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.5–8.5). Conclusion: Automatic heel lancet devices were less invasive than manual heel lance devices (lancet or needle). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Clearances and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞) of intravenous (IV) and oral midazolam and alfentanil are probes for hepatic and first-pass cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity, drug interactions, and phenotyping. Single-time plasma concentrations are also used as a proxy for clearance and AUC0–∞. Pupil diameter change is a noninvasive surrogate for plasma alfentanil. An ideal probe should have minimal intrasubject (interday) variability. Despite their widespread use, the intrasubject variability of CYP3A probes is not well characterized. This investigation determined the intrasubject (interday) variability of midazolam and alfentanil metrics of hepatic and first-pass CYP3A. Methods: Twelve volunteers were studied in a four-period protocol, with each period identical and separated by approximately 2 weeks. In each period, participants received 1 mg IV midazolam then 15 μg/kg IV alfentanil 1 h later. The next day, they received 3 mg oral midazolam then 60 μg/kg oral alfentanil. Plasma drug concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). Dark-adapted pupil diameters were measured coincident with blood sampling. Plasma concentrations and pupil effects (miosis) were analyzed using noncompartmental methods. The results were the coefficient of variation (%CV, mean ± SD) across four sessions in 12 participants. Results: For IV midazolam: AUC0–∞, clearance, and 5 h concentration, the %CVs were 12 ± 3, 12 ± 3, and 18 ± 8. For IV alfentanil AUC0–∞, clearance, 2 h concentration, and area under the effect curve from time zero to infinity (AUEC0–∞), the %CVs were 16 ± 5, 15 ± 4, 22 ± 7, and 50 ± 28. For oral midazolam AUC0–∞, clearance, and 5 h concentration, %CVs were 19 ± 5, 18 ± 4, and 28 ± 11. For oral alfentanil: AUC0–∞, clearance, 4 h concentration, and AUEC0–∞, %CVs were 20 ± 4, 21 ± 4, 42 ± 26, and 37 ± 14. Conclusions: Midazolam and alfentanil had comparable intrasubject variabilities of clearance and AUC0–∞. Single-time point metrics had greater intrasubject variability than AUC0–∞ and clearance. Miosis was a surrogate for alfentanil concentrations and provided real-time results, but intrasubject variability was greater than that of clearances and AUC0–∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the possibility and impact of utilizing data science on blood samples to rapidly and proactively identify underlying health issues. By utilizing effective algorithms, models will be constructed to address these problems and determine potential healthcare options based on geographical location. Once data is gathered, health officials will be notified of major diseases and individuals at risk or already affected. Authentic blood samples are used to ensure the credibility and validity of the proposed system. The data was collected during a volunteer-led hemoglobin blood test camp specifically for women residing in impoverished areas, resulting in a total of 551 samples. The effectiveness of this technique has been assessed through experimental results based on Hb, RDW%, MCV, RBC, and M-Index. The proposed data analysis and deep learning algorithm achieved average values of haemoglobin count 11.67 g/dL with a 1.33 standard deviation, RDW 14.59%, MCV 81.45, RBC 4.37 per microliter with a variance of 0.5, and M-Index 19.56. The experimental results achieved 97.60% accuracy, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed technique for classifying anemia and its subtypes. The experimental results indicate better overlap between the automated identification of anemia and manual detection by the experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusion In the present study, we aimed to compare serum CK‐MM levels in patients with and without adenomyosis and to investigate whether CK‐MM level can be a non‐invasive marker for myometrial damage due to adenomyosis.Our study was a prospective case‐control study in a tertiary center and consisted of 40 patients with a clinical/ultrasonographic diagnosis of adenomyosis and 40 patients without a clinical/ultrasonographic diagnosis of adenomyosis as the control group based on recently published morphological uterus sonographic assessment (MUSA) criteria. Individuals of similar age who signed a voluntary consent form were included in our study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the patients in both groups were recorded. Blood serum samples were used for the determination of serum CK‐MM levels of the participants in our study. The samples were analyzed by using the human CK‐MM enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.In our study, the mean serum CK‐MM level was 16.2 ± 21.7 (ng/dL) in patients with adenomyosis and 2.6 ± 2.2 (ng/dL) in patients without adenomyosis. Serum CK‐MM level was statistically significantly higher in the patient group with adenomyosis than in the control group (p < 0.001). The CK‐MM threshold value of 3.43 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 82.5% and specificity of 85%, has been found to be a valuable distinguishing level in patients with and without adenomyosis.In this study, we demonstrated that serum CK‐MM can be used as a non‐invasive diagnostic method in patients with adenomyosis. As the number of studies around this subject in the literature is insufficient, larger studies are needed to use CK‐MM as a diagnostic marker in adenomyosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolomics plays a crucial role in understanding metabolic processes within biological systems. Using specific pulse sequences, NMR-based metabolomics detects small and macromolecular metabolites that are altered in blood samples. Here we proposed a method called spectral editing neural network, which can effectively edit and separate the spectral signals of small and macromolecules in 1H NMR spectra of serum and plasma based on the linewidth of the peaks. We applied the model to process the 1H NMR spectra of plasma and serum. The extracted small and macromolecular spectra were then compared with experimentally obtained relaxation-edited and diffusion-edited spectra. Correlation analysis demonstrated the quantitative capability of the model in the extracted small molecule signals from 1H NMR spectra. The principal component analysis showed that the spectra extracted by the model and those obtained by NMR spectral editing methods reveal similar group information, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model in signal extraction. 1H NMR-based metabolomics can detect small and macromolecular metabolites simultaneously from complex biological samples, however, signaling overlap remains a challenge for accurate molecular identification and quantification. Here, the authors develop a spectral editing neural network to effectively edit and separate the spectral signals of small and macromolecules in the 1H NMR spectra of serum and plasma based on the linewidth of the peaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Methods Results Conclusion Intraoperative hypotension is a risk factor for kidney, heart and cognitive postoperative complications. Literature suggests that the use of low‐dose peripheral norepinephrine (NOR) reduces organ dysfunction, yet its administration remains unstandardized. In this work we develop a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model of NOR and its effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP).From June 2018 to December 2021, we included patients scheduled for elective neurosurgery and requiring vasopressors for intraoperative hypotension management at Lariboisière Hospital, Paris. Low doses of NOR were administered peripherally, and successive arterial blood samples were collected to track its plasmatic concentration. We used a compartmental modelling approach for NOR PK. We developed and compared 2 models for NOR PD on MAP. Model comparison was done using Bayes information criteria. The resulting PK/PD model parameters were fitted over the entire population and linked to age, weight, height and sex.We included 29 patients (age 52 [46–64] years, 69% female). NOR median time to peak effect on MAP was 74 [53–94] s. After bolus administration, MAP increased by 24% (15–31%). A 2‐comparment model with depot best captured NOR PK. NOR PD effect on MAP was well represented by both Emax and Windkessel models, with better results for the former. We found that age, height and weight as well as history of smoking and hypertension were correlated with model parameters.We have developed a PK/PD model to accurately track norepinephrine plasma concentration and its effect on MAP over time, which could serve for target‐controlled infusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion This Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM‐RPG) provides an evidence‐based recommendation to address the question: in adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs), should we use small‐volume or conventional blood collection tubes?We included 23 panelists in 8 countries and assessed and managed financial and intellectual conflicts of interest. Methodological support was provided by the Guidelines in Intensive Care, Development, and Evaluation (GUIDE) group. We conducted a systematic review, including evidence from observational and randomized studies. Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, we evaluated the certainty of evidence and developed recommendations using the Evidence‐to‐Decision framework.We identified 8 studies (1 cluster and 2 patient‐level randomized trials; 5 observational studies) comparing small‐volume to conventional tubes. We had high certainty evidence that small‐volume tubes reduce daily and cumulative blood sampling volume; and moderate certainty evidence that they reduce the risk of transfusion and mean number of red blood cell units transfused, but these estimates were limited by imprecision. We had high certainty that small‐volume tubes have a similar rate of specimens with insufficient quantity. The panel considered that the desirable effects of small‐volume tubes outweigh the undesirable effects, are less wasteful of resources, and are feasible, as demonstrated by successful implementation across multiple countries, although there are upfront implementation costs to validate small‐volume tubes on laboratory instrumentation.This ICM‐RPG panel made a strong recommendation for the use of small‐volume sample collection tubes in adult ICUs based on overall moderate certainty evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to analyze the pathogenic gene in a Chinese family with non-syndromic hearing loss and identify a novel mutation site in the TNC gene. Methods: A five-generation Chinese family from Anhui Province, presenting with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss, was recruited for this study. By analyzing the family history, conducting clinical examinations, and performing genetic analysis, we have thoroughly investigated potential pathogenic factors in this family. The peripheral blood samples were obtained from 20 family members, and the pathogenic genes were identified through whole exome sequencing. Subsequently, the mutation of gene locus was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The conservation of TNC mutation sites was assessed using Clustal Omega software. We utilized functional prediction software including dbscSNV_AdaBoost, dbscSNV_RandomForest, NNSplice, NetGene2, and Mutation Taster to accurately predict the pathogenicity of these mutations. Furthermore, exon deletions were validated through RT-PCR analysis. Results: The family exhibited autosomal dominant, progressive, post-lingual, non-syndromic hearing loss. A novel synonymous variant (c.5247A > T, p.Gly1749Gly) in TNC was identified in affected members. This variant is situated at the exon–intron junction boundary towards the end of exon 18. Notably, glycine residue at position 1749 is highly conserved across various species. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that this synonymous mutation leads to the disruption of the 5' end donor splicing site in the 18th intron of the TNC gene. Meanwhile, verification experiments have demonstrated that this synonymous mutation disrupts the splicing process of exon 18, leading to complete exon 18 skipping and direct splicing between exons 17 and 19. Conclusion: This novel splice-altering variant (c.5247A > T, p.Gly1749Gly) in exon 18 of the TNC gene disrupts normal gene splicing and causes hearing loss among HBD families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Functional PET (fPET) is a novel technique for studying dynamic changes in brain metabolism and neurotransmitter signaling. Accurate quantification of fPET relies on measuring the arterial input function (AIF), traditionally achieved through invasive arterial blood sampling. While non-invasive image-derived input functions (IDIF) offer an alternative, they suffer from limited spatial resolution and field of view. To overcome these issues, we developed and validated a scan protocol for brain fPET utilizing cardiac IDIF, aiming to mitigate known IDIF limitations. Methods: Twenty healthy individuals underwent fPET/MR scans using [18F]FDG or 6-[18F]FDOPA, utilizing bed motion shuttling to capture cardiac IDIF and brain task-induced changes. Arterial and venous blood sampling was used to validate IDIFs. Participants performed a monetary incentive delay task. IDIFs from various blood pools and composites estimated from a linear fit over all IDIF blood pools (3VOI) and further supplemented with venous blood samples (3VOIVB) were compared to the AIF. Quantitative task-specific images from both tracers were compared to assess the performance of each input function to the gold standard. Results: For both radiotracer cohorts, moderate to high agreement (r: 0.60–0.89) between IDIFs and AIF for both radiotracer cohorts was observed, with further improvement (r: 0.87–0.93) for composite IDIFs (3VOI and 3VOIVB). Both methods showed equivalent quantitative values and high agreement (r: 0.975–0.998) with AIF-derived measurements. Conclusion: Our proposed protocol enables accurate non-invasive estimation of the input function with full quantification of task-specific changes, addressing the limitations of IDIF for brain imaging by sampling larger blood pools over the thorax. These advancements increase applicability to any PET scanner and clinical research setting by reducing experimental complexity and increasing patient comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacokinetics studies have investigated meloxicam, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, dosing strategies in a wide variety of non‐domestic animals; however, there is no prior study examining well‐founded dosing for pinnipeds. To develop dosing protocols, pharmacokinetic information is needed, with an examination of differences between pinniped species. Apparently, healthy California sea lions (Zalophus californianus: CSL; n = 13) and Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii: PHS; n = 17) that had completed rehabilitation were enrolled into a population‐based pharmacokinetic study. Each animal was administered a single oral dose of meloxicam at 0.1 mg/kg, and two blood samples were collected from each animal at varying intervals during a 96‐h study period. Plasma concentrations of meloxicam were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed with nonlinear mixed effects modeling (Phoenix® NLME™, Certara, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA). The results indicated that in PHS, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.33 μg/mL with an elimination half‐life (Ke t½) of 31.53 h. In CSL, Cmax was 0.17 μg/mL with Ke t½ of 32.71 h. All animals enrolled completed the study without outward adverse clinical signs. The elimination half‐life was longer than previously recommended dosing intervals for pinnipeds; however, we cannot speculate in the optimum clinical dose from these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have examined the role of inflammation in the development of diabetic neuropathy (DPN). Evaluate the relation of the serum level of Transforming Growth Factor-β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy DPN. In a case-control study, randomly selected 140 diabetic patients were included, the randomly selected patients were divided equally and matched into a case group who have diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic neuropathy-free patients as a control group. For both groups whole blood sample was examined to compare for (TGF-β), and (TNF-α) levels determination by ELISA technique. The age of the study samples ranged from 25 to 80 years with a male ratio of 1.45:1 although the sex differences between both groups were not significant. The mean levels of (TNF-α) and (TGF-β) was significantly higher among cases group than that of controls group (254.86 ± 75.9 vs158.01 ± 50.600) for TNF-α and for TGF- β (312.85 ± 62.27 vs. 217.82 ± 52.95) respectively. Both TNF-α and TGF-β have high sensitivity and specificity in detection of DPN. The sensitivity of TNF-α was 95.7% and specificity of 61.4% area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.870 ± 0.029, while the sensitivity of TGF-β was 91.4%, and specificity of 67.1 with good area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.891 ± 0.026 (P=0.000). TNF-α and TGF -β are significantly elevated levels in patients with DPN, these cytokines could be used as indicators for the development of DPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Miranda's donkey is an autochthonous Portuguese breed that is important for the culture and economy of the country's northern region. Knowledge of the physiological characteristics of the breed is crucial for its preservation, and even if studies have been conducted, none have focused on its coagulation profile. The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for coagulation and assess the influence of sex and age. For this, seven parameters involved in coagulation were analyzed in blood samples from 75 clinically healthy animals. Statistical differences were only found between ages in two parameters, platelet count and plateletcrit, both of which were higher in young animals. The reference intervals described here can help monitor health and guide the diagnosis and treatment of sick Miranda's donkey, contributing to its preservation. Miranda's donkey, originating in northern Portugal, is an autochthonous breed that is deeply intertwined with the region's culture and economy. Knowledge of the physiological characteristics of the breed is important for its preservation, and several studies have been carried out, but none have focused on its coagulation profile. The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for coagulation in healthy Miranda's donkey and to assess the influence of sex and age. Blood samples from 75 clinically healthy animals were analyzed for seven coagulation parameters: four using IDEXX ProCyte Dx and three using Start® 4-Diagnostica-Stago. The RI values were calculated following the ASVCP guidelines and with the Reference Advisor V.2.1 software. To analyze the influence of sex and age, SPSS version 29 was used. No significant differences were found between sexes (p > 0.05), but statistically significant differences were found between ages (p < 0.05) for platelet count and plateletcrit (both higher in young animals). The RIs described here can help monitor health and guide the diagnosis and treatment of diseased Miranda's donkeys, contributing to their preservation. Our study encourages further research on coagulation in donkeys and the use of different methodologies to obtain information for veterinarians working with this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a significant health burden globally, with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) posing diagnostic challenges despite advancements. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the utility of a liquid biopsy with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with FTC. Blood samples were collected from 13 patients diagnosed with FTC, DNA extraction was performed, and cfDNA was analyzed using the Illumina's TruSight Oncology 500 High-Throughput panel. The results revealed low tumor mutational burden and minimal pathogenic variants in cfDNA, indicating challenges such as low DNA yield and poor material quality despite adequate coverage. Our findings indicate that cfDNA as an add-on diagnostic tool in patients with FTC might not be a useful supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The key correlate of protection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is virus neutralization, measured via sera obtained through venipuncture. Dried blood obtained with a finger prick can simplify acquisition, processing, storage, and transport in trials and thereby reduce costs. In this study, we validate an assay to measure RSV neutralization in dried capillary blood. Methods Functional antibodies were compared between matched serum and dried blood samples from a phase 1 trial with RSM01, an investigational anti-RSV prefusion F mAb. Hep-2 cells were infected with a serial dilution of sample-virus mixture by using RSV-A2-mKate to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Stability of dried blood was evaluated over time and during temperature stress. Results Functional antibodies in dried blood were highly correlated with serum (R 2 = 0.98, P <.0001). The precision of the assay for dried blood was similar to serum. The function of mAb remained stable for 9 months at room temperature and frozen dried blood samples. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility of measuring RSV neutralization using dried blood as a patient-centered solution that may replace serology testing in trials against RSV or other viruses, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Trials Registration.  NCT05118386 (ClinicalTrials.gov). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) plays a vital role in emergency and intensive care, which is affected by many factors, such as different instrumentation, temperature, and testing time. However, there are still no relevant reports on the difference in discarding different blood volumes on ABGA values. Methods: We enrolled 54 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery and analysed differences in blood gas analysis results when different blood volumes were discarded from the front line of the arterial heparin blood collector. A paired t test was used to compare the results of the same patient with different volumes of blood discarded from the samples. The difference was corrected by Bonferroni correction. Results: Our results demonstrated that the PaO2, PaCO2, and THbc were more stable in the 4th ml (PaO2 = 231.3600 ± 68.4878 mmHg, PaCO2 = 41.9232 ± 7.4490 mmHg) and 5th ml (PaO2 = 223.7600 ± 12.9895 mmHg, PaCO2 = 42.5679 ± 7.6410 mmHg) blood sample than in the 3rd ml (PaO2 = 234.1000 ± 99.7570 mmHg, PaCO2 = 40.6179 ± 7.2040 mmHg). Conclusion: It may be more appropriate to discard the first 3 ml of blood sample in the analysis of blood gas results without wasting blood samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]