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Background: Emotional and cognitive states directly affect the neural mechanisms of chronic pain, And increasing pain negatively affects the emotional and cognitive states of a person. Despite the growing research evidence of the effects of psychological variables such as mindfulness, social support, stress and pain catastrophizing on the phenomenon of chronic pain, the general effects of these variables have been less investigated in the form of comprehensive causal model. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of chronic pain based on mindfulness, social support and life events with the Mediating of pain catastrophizing. Methods: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all male and female patients with chronic pain who were treated for follow-up treatment in 2022, they had referred to pain clinics, pain specialists, neurologists, physiotherapists, and health centers in Tehran with problems related to musculoskeletal pain and rheumatoid arthritis, of which 496 people were selected using the available sampling method. Data collection tools include the Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975), the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet et al. (1988), Scale of Life stressful Events‐Paykel (Paykel et al., 1971) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995). Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling method and using SPSS-23 and AMOS-23 software. Results: The results of modeling of structural equations indicated a good fit of the model with experimental data. The effect of the coefficient of the direct standard path of mindfulness on the experience of chronic pain was significant and the indirect path of mindfulness on the experience of chronic pain with the mediating role of pain catastrophizing was significant (P< 0.05). The effect of direct and indirect standard path coefficient of social support with mediating role of pain catastrophizing on chronic pain experience was not significant (P> 0.05). The direct and indirect path of the number of stressful factors on the experience of chronic pain was also insignificant (P> 0.05). However, the standard direct and indirect path of the amount of stressful factors on the experience of chronic pain with the mediating role of catastrophizing was also significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that mindfulness, social support and life events play an important role in explaining chronic pain by mediating pain catastrophizing. Considering that these variables have a significant contribution in predicting the pain of chronic pain patients, Therefore, mental health professionals can use these factors to improve the mental health of people with chronic pain.

Background: Emotional abuse is a type of interpersonal violence that causes the loss of intimacy and the separation of couples. Lack of marital intimacy along with low emotional maturity will increase the desire for emotional abuse between couples. Factors affecting emotional abuse have been investigated in previous studies, but no study was found that investigated emotional abuse based on emotional maturity and its differentiation with the mediating role of marital intimacy in the researched society. Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of structural relationships of emotional abuse based on emotional maturity and self-differentiation with the mediation role of marital intimacy. Methods: The method of the current research was descriptive, of the type of structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to counseling centers in Sanandaj in 2022, from which 222 people were selected through available sampling. The instruments used in the research included emotional abuse (Barahimi, 2008), emotional maturity Yashopersing and (Bahargava, 1991), self-differentiation (Skowron and Friedlander, 1998) and marital intimacy (Asoudeh and Timouri, 2017). Data analysis was analyzed using Pearson correlation method, structural equation modeling and partial least squares (SMARTPLS-3) algorithm and SPSS-23. Results: The results indicated the fit of the general research model with the experimental data. The findings showed that emotional maturity, self-differentiation and marital intimacy can directly predict emotional abuse (P< 0.001). Also, the indirect effect of emotional maturity (P= 0.001) and self-differentiation (P< 0.001) with the mediation of marital intimacy on emotional abuse was significant. Conclusion: According to the findings obtained in the current research that low emotional maturity and self-differentiation in the long term causes a decrease in marital intimacy, and this eventually causes emotional harm and the occurrence of marital conflict among couples; Therefore, it is suggested to use methods of teaching emotional maturity and marital intimacy to reduce emotional abuse, and counseling and psychotherapy centers should pay more attention to these variables in predicting emotional abuse of couples.

Background: Attention and response inhibition is one of the problems of dysgraphia students whose treatment has not been paid much attention, so it requires new psychological interventions including cognitive rehabilitation. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on the attention and response inhibition of dysgraphia students. Methods: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a follow-up period with a control group. The research population included all second and third grade female students with dysgraphia in the 15th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were referred to Sharq Counseling Center from regular schools. 14 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling; and they were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups and answered Yaqoubi et al.'s dysgraphia diagnostic questionnaires (2021), Mandy Brackencamp's selective attention, concentration and effort test (2002) and Bruno-Nero Hoffman test (1984). Then the experimental group received the Aram Nejati attention and memory rehabilitation training program (2017) for 10 sessions of 60 minutes, but only school training was provided to the control group. After the training sessions, the post-test was conducted. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation training was effective in improving attention and response inhibition of dysgraphia students compared to the control group. These results continued in the follow-up period(p< 0/01). Conclusion: Based on the results, counselors and experts can use cognitive rehabilitation training to improve attention and inhibit response of dysgraphia students.

Background: Existing literature in this domain reveals a gap in research, as no study has been conducted to model the satisfaction of university students at the Islamic Azad University based on the six-factor personality model, HEXACO, with motivation for progress as a potential mediator. This underscores the need for an investigation into the interplay between personality factors, academic satisfaction, and the motivating forces for academic advancement among students at the Islamic Azad University. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling academic satisfaction based on the six factors of Hexaco personality with the mediation of motivation to progress in the students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch. Methods: The research method was correlational. The population of this study was the students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhan branch, in the academic year of 1402-1401. 315 people were selected using random sampling method. The data collection tools were the Hermans achievement motivation test (1970), the students' academic satisfaction scale (Terekzadeh and Mesbeh, 2013) and the 60-question Hexaco scale (Ashton and Lee, 2009). Results: Data analysis using the structural equation modeling approach showed that the academic satisfaction model has a favorable fit based on the six factors of Hexaco's personality with the mediation of students' progress motivation. The effect of Hexaco's personality trait dimensions on academic satisfaction is significant (P< 0.0005); So that honesty, humility, β= 0.341, openness to experience, β= 0.426, conscientiousness, β=0.513, extroversion, β=0.363, adaptability, β= 0.420, and excitability, β= 0.392, were reported.. Also, achievement motivation has an effect on academic relationship satisfaction (β= 784; P< 0.0005). Conclusion: It seems that studying the level of satisfaction with education and academic motivation of students can be an indicator for improving academic performance. Also, it seems that the psychological and personality evaluation of the applicants to enter the universities can lead to the selection of a suitable field of study and create higher academic satisfaction.

Background: Research evidence indicates that marital infidelity can have irreparable consequences for couples, and causes rumination and fear of negative evaluation in cheating women. Despite numerous studies on marital infidelity, treatment effective in reducing rumination and fear of negative evaluation of betrayed women has been neglected. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy on rumination and fear of negative evaluation of betrayed women. Methods: The method of the present research was practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of method, pre-test-post-test with control group and three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all the betrayed women who needed counseling services in Bandar Abbas city in the second half of 2022. Among all counseling and psychological service centers in Bandar Abbas city, 30 women who had referred to ten centers due to infidelity of their husbands were selected by available sampling method and were randomly replaced in the experimental group and the control group. To collect data, rumination questionnaires (Hoeksma, 1991) and fear of negative evaluation (Lary, 1983) were used. The participants of the experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive processing therapy according to Resik et al. (2007). The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the cognitive processing treatment led to the reduction of rumination and fear of negative evaluation of women in the tested group. (p> 0.01). Conclusion: Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be said that cognitive processing therapy was effective on rumination and fear of negative evaluation of betrayed women, and therefore the awareness of specialists in the fields of psychology, counseling and health about these treatments to reduce rumination and fear of negative evaluation of women

Background: Any high-risk behavior can cause serious and sometimes irreparable harm to the individual and family. High-risk behavior often occurs in an emotionally-charged context, and executive functions and emotion regulation play important roles in risk-related decision making. Therefore, identifying the factors that facilitate and sustain risky behaviors in different groups is an inevitable necessity. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between executive functions and high-risk behaviors in prisoners considering the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. Methods: The present study is descriptive and correlational, conducted by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study is all prisoners in Shiraz city. The sample consisted of 409 prisoners in Shiraz who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (Nejati 2013), Emotion Regulation Strategies (Garnefski et al., 2001), and Youth Risk Behaviors Scale (Snow et al., 2019). To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling was used using AMOS version 24 and SPSS 27. Results: The results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a negative relationship between executive functions and adaptive emotion regulation strategies with risky behaviors (P< 0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and risky behaviors (P< 0.05). The findings indicate that the proposed model is fitted with the data. The results of the structural model showed that 19% of the variance of adaptive strategies and 25% of variance of maladaptive strategies is explained by executive functions and 45% of variance of risky behaviors is explained by executive functions and adaptive and maladaptive strategies of emotion regulation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that risky behaviors are affected by cognitive and emotional functions and cognitive emotion regulation strategies have a mediating role in this regard, which requires psychological interventions. Our results suggest that treatment for high-risk behavior may be more effective with a nuanced approach that does not conflate high impulsivity necessarily with high-risk behavior tendencies.

Background: Considering the importance of marital compatibility in the health and stability of the family system, it is essential to identify the factors affecting it. However, in the literature of this field, no study was found that developed a model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence, and the effectiveness of the model of marital compatibility on moral intelligence has not been the focus of researchers. Aims: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence on the moral intelligence of compatible and incompatible couples in Kermanshah city in 2021-2022. Methods: The research method in the first part is in terms of the practical purpose and in terms of the descriptive implementation method, content analysis type, and in the second part of the research, it is a semi-experimental type with a control group and a control group. The statistical sample of the qualitative part was to develop a training package for compatible and incompatible couples living in Kermanshah city (10 family counseling specialists) in the year 2021-2022. In order to sample according to the purposeful sampling method, 40 people from compatible and incompatible couples in Kermanshah city to extract the components of the model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence and to investigate the effect of independent variables (the educational package approach was developed 20 people and for the control group Also, 20 compatibles and incompatible couples were selected and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. Results: The findings in the qualitative section indicated that the components of moral intelligence in the educational package included honesty and truthfulness, perseverance and persistence for the right, accepting responsibility to serve others, the ability to forgive one's mistakes, and the ability to ignore the mistakes of others. The results of the quantitative part showed that the intervention of the marital compatibility model based on intelligence dimensions significantly increased moral intelligence and its components (P> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the effectiveness of the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the developed protocol has the potential to be effective in improving moral intelligence and its components among couples and can be of interest to mental health professionals and family counselors. It should be included in pre-marital counseling and also to reduce inconsistency in clients.

Background: The birth and presence of a child with intellectual disability in families will lead to different types of emotional and cognitive reactions. Therefore, some of the mother’s of such children do not have flexible thinking and as a result the ability of operation in unpalatable condition becomes more difficult and they can not manage there emotion in such conditions easily. Also, these mothers suffer more tensions due to the lack of high psychological capital. Aims: The aim of this research was to develop a structural model of happiness of mothers with children with intellectual disabilities based on psychological capital with the mediation of cognitive flexibility Methods: The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive nature, and is based on structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research included mothers with children with intellectual disabilities who have a file in Tehran's special education organization (Tehran's exceptional schools, academic year 1401-1400).. bye considering the possiblity of drop off, of samples, the sample size in the present study was also considered to be 300 people from Tehran. The sampling method used is also called availablity. Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle, 2005), psychological resource questionnaire (Luthans Et all, 2007), and cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests using SPSS version 25 software and structural equation modeling using Amos version 8.8 software. Results: results showed that happiness based on psychological resources of mothers who have children with intellectual issues (through flexibility) has indirect effect (P= 0/000). About 77% of the mentioned relationship is explained by the effect of psychological resources on happiness through flexibility (P= 0/020). Conclusion: It seems that considering that mothers with children with intellectual disabilities are less flexible in dealing with issues and problems and can hardly accept issues and problems, therefore, it is better to conduct more extensive research with more samples in These families should be done.

Background: Exam anxiety is a prevalent psychological and educational challenge among students, significantly impacting their academic performance, mood, and social behaviors. Gaining a deeper understanding of the psychological processes involved in exam anxiety can assist in developing effective strategies to enhance academic performance and improve students' overall quality of life. However, in the existing literature, the intricate interactions among maladaptive schemas, fear of negative evaluation, and exam anxiety have not been thoroughly examined. Aims: The purpose of this study was to modeling structural test anxiety based on early maladaptive schemas with mediating role fear of negative evaluation in students in Tehran city. Methods: This study was conducted in the presence of 500 people by convinience sampling method among high school students in Tehran city in year academic 2021-2022. To measure the variables, test anxiety inventory (TAI) of Abolghasemi and et al (1996), Young schema questionnaire – short form version 3 (YSQ-S3) of Young (2005) and brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE) of Leary (1983). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation with test anxiety (P

Background: Divorce is a social issue that has witnessed an upward trend in recent years, exerting negative effects on families, children, and society. One significant factor contributing to divorce is marital misconduct, which may lead to the commission of crimes related to domestic violence, assault, infidelity, and even homicide. Despite numerous studies on the causes and consequences of divorce in Iran, there is a lack of sufficient research on the role of marital misconduct in divorce occurrences. Aims: This study aims to investigate the causes of divorce reported by divorce applicants and domain experts in Rasht City, with a specific emphasis on the commission of crimes resulting from marital misconduct. Additionally, the study seeks to propose legal and psychological solutions to reduce the phenomenon of divorce. Methods: The present research adopts a descriptive-correlational approach with an applied nature. The target population includes all divorce applicants in Rasht City, from whom 200 individuals (100 men and 100 women) were randomly selected for examination of the reasons behind divorce based on their self-narratives. Moreover, domain experts in divorce, including family court judges, divorce notaries, and social workers (42 individuals in total), were included. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire through fieldwork, and the analysis involved Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, and Spearman tests in the SPSS26 software. Results: Regression analysis results indicate that the most influential factor in divorce rates is related to sexual and ethical crimes, especially illicit relationships in virtual spaces (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that marital misconduct can lead to unlawful and criminal behaviors, impacting divorce rates. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on increasing awareness and communication skills among couples, strengthening emotional relationships, encouraging joint decision-making, supporting at-risk families, and providing suitable counseling and psychological therapy services to prevent and reduce divorce in society.

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder is the most common disorder among women with breast cancer. In addition to causing problems for these patients, it has created challenges for their families and those around them. Research has shown that treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be effective in the field of this disorder. Therefore, research targeting this topic has received less attention. Aims: The present research aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on body image distortion in women with breast cancer. Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre & post -post-test-followup design with the control group. The statistical population of the research was women aged 30 to 50 years old with breast cancer, who had been referred to breast cancer clinics in Shiraz during the first four months of 2022. Among them, 50 people were assigned with available sampling methods in two groups, the experimental and control group (25 patients in each group). ACT treatment interventions according to the training package of Hayes and Strossahl (2010) were performed on the experimental group during 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions, but no intervention was received by the control group. data were collected using the standard questionnaire for metacognition assessment of body deformity (Rabiei, Salahian, Bahrami, and Palahang, 2011). The data of this research were analyzed by the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurement in SPSS software V24. Results: The findings showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy significantly affected breast cancer women with body dysmorphic disorder in the experimental group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions have been effective in improving the quality of life of women with breast cancer.

Background: Addressing the challenges within the educational system during the early years of schooling stands as a crucial focus for researchers. Despite the necessity of exploring school-related fears and their influencing factors, there remains a scarcity of research in this domain. Aims: The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of storytelling on school phobia and separation anxiety among students in the first- grade of elementary school in Shiraz. Methods: The present research employed a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all first-grade elementary students in Shiraz during the academic year 2022-2023. Thirty eligible students were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. After confirming the absence of significant differences between the control and experimental groups, a storytelling intervention program was implemented for the experimental group, utilizing a collection of books by Parirukh and Majid (2015) along with other educational materials. No intervention program was provided to the control group. The Anxiety-Related Disorders Questionnaire developed by Bimamar (1999) was used to measure two subscales: school phobia and separation anxiety, both administered before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS version 25. Results: The results of the covariance analysis revealed a significant difference in the mean scores of school phobia and separation anxiety between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments (p < 0.05) for the experimental group. Specifically, the scores in the experimental group decreased significantly at the post-test and follow-up stages. In contrast, there was no significant change observed in the scores of the control group across these assessments. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrate that storytelling is effective in reducing separation anxiety and fear of school among students. Avoiding school can lead to serious consequences, including harm and social deviance. Students who skip school may be more susceptible to delinquent behaviors and jeopardize their future careers. Storytelling emerges as an accessible and effective intervention to alleviate children's fears and anxieties related to school. Moreover, parents can be trained in storytelling techniques to motivate their children to attend school and engage positively in the educational environment.

Background: Academic dishonesty not only undermines the values of integrity and fairness but also impacts the learning environment, hindering the genuine development of knowledge and skills. A deeper understanding of the psychological and personality processes involved in academic dishonesty can offer solutions to enhance moral identity and the overall quality of students' educational experiences. Despite the significance of this issue, the interplay between personality traits, moral identity, and academic dishonesty has remained understudied in the existing literature. Aims: The purpose of this study was to structural equation modeling prediction of academic dishonesty based on personality characteristics with mediating role of moral identity in students in Tehran city. Methods: This study was conducted in the presence of 500 people by available sampling method among high school students in Tehran city in year academic 2021-2022. To measure the variables, academic dishonesty scale (ADS) of Witherspoon and et al (2010), neo personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) of McCrae and Costa (2008) and moral identity questionnaire (MIQ) of Black and Reynolds (2016) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated. Results: The results showed that there is significant relationship between personality characteristics and moral identity with procrastination (P< 0.01). The results also showed that most of the direct paths of this study were significant and the indirect paths of personality characteristics were significant through the mediating role of moral identity on academic dishonesty. Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA= 0/052, P-value< 0/05) and evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in academic dishonesty in high school students in Tehran city. Conclusion: The findings of this research offer valuable insights towards reducing academic dishonesty among students by considering the roles of personality traits and moral identity. Several proactive measures can be implemented in this regard, such as organizing webinars aimed at improving personality traits and moral identity to diminish tendencies towards dishonesty and academic cheating among students.

Background: In case of inadequacy and inadequacy of parents, issues and problems occur, including child abuse by them or the people around them; Child abuse is one of the big social problems that includes all societies, both advanced and developing, so that the health and comfort of the injured child is endangered. Aims: The purpose of this article is to determine the fit of the prediction model of dark personality traits based on childhood traumas with the mediating role of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment styles. Methods: The current research was of correlational type and according to the objectives, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was also used, based on Klein's formula, 147,400 people were considered. Also, separately from the questionnaires of dark personality traits (Johnson and Webster, 2010), self-regulation by Miller and Brown (1999), adult attachment style of Collins and Reed, (1990), mentalization or reflective performance by Fonagy et al. (2016), trauma Childhood Questionnaire (CTQ) was used by Bernstein, Stein, Newkamp, Walker, Pugh, et al. (2003) to adjust the model. In this research, descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis and inferential statistics of correlation, regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the research show that the direct path of childhood trauma to dark personality traits was not significant, but all the indirect paths were significant, which indicated the confirmation of the mediation of the three variables of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment style (p

Thriving, or the concurrent experience of healthy well-being and high-level performance, may serve as a valuable construct when studying the optimal student-athlete experience. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to positively impact well-being and performance, yet these interventions rarely use thriving as an outcome variable with athletes. The purpose of the present study began to examine the impact of an MBI for improving student-athlete experiences of thriving via a quasi-experimental longitudinal design. College athletes from the United States (n = 55) from three sports were randomly assigned to either a control or a 7-session MBI. While comprehensive measures of thriving did not yield significant change for those in the MBI relative to the control, multiple thriving characteristics and outcomes were improved after the intervention compared to the control group. MBI participants reported significant improvement for subjective performance satisfaction, mindful awareness, and the use of mindfulness to regulate emotions. Exploratory analysis revealed those in the MBI, relative to the control, experienced improvements of optimism and a sense of meaning and purpose. Student-athletes qualitatively reported sport and life benefits related to thriving (e.g., self-regulation, focus, awareness, vitality, intentional actions) while also suggesting improving MBIs with systematic reminders to meditate, more meditation opportunities within the sport environment, and autonomy-supportive instruction. These preliminary data support the use of MBIs to facilitate characteristics and outcomes of thriving, while also offering suggestions for practical improvements when implementing MBIs with student-athletes.

When making talent-selection decisions in sport, coaches, scouts, program directors, and policymakers typically adopt two approaches: The subjective approach, also known as the coach's eye, where these professionals select or de-select athletes based on their personal observations and impressions; and the objective approach, where they apply a multi-faceted formula for awarding scores to the athletes' motor skills (such as agility and coordination) and psychological capabilities (such as leadership and motivation) – as a mean for predicting their future success. These two approaches are often perceived as complementary in the strive to reach optimal selection decisions in sport. In this conceptualized article, we examine challenges associated with such talent-selection decisions, and address the coach's eye as an example of a subjective assessment approach. We also address the concept of fast and frugal heuristics for making selection decisions in sport, while elaborating on bounded rationality and the human machine paradigm. Finally, in addition to discussing certain ''built-in'' limitations in sport-selection decisions, based on judgment and decision-making models, we provide a rationale for adding the big-data approach, as a mean for enhancing links between the subjective and objective assessments currently used in talent-selection decisions in sport.

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of an intervention program focused on career transition psychological support for retired Olympic athletes in Japan. It was expected that the intervention program would significantly enhance knowledge about career transition support for athletes and also enhance attitudes towards seeking career transition support. 24 retired Japanese female athletes who had competed in the Olympics between 1996 and 2016 participated in the study. The content of the support program was delivered in a three-part workshop, focusing on career transitions in sport, post-retirement psychological adjustment difficulties, and coping strategies. Pre-workshop and post-workshop assessment were conducted. Career transition support knowledge for athletes and attitudes about seeking career transition support significantly increased. The current results suggest that increasing knowledge helps retired and retiring athletes seek professional help. Practical applications and future research recommendations are provided.

Life Skills (LS) are essential in the COVID era because people acquire LS (learn different abilities) to adapt to problems that arise in their daily lives at different times. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to categorize and clarify the characteristics of LS acquisition and mental health among international students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study surveyed 407(The final analysis included 134 undergraduates: M = 69, F = 65; Mean age=19.55) international students enrolled at two universities in the Kansai region of Japan, regardless of their nationality or subject major, from October to November 2021. Utilizing the University Student Edition of the Daily Life Skills Scale (English version) and three scales measuring Loneliness, Satisfaction, and Anxiety. Firstly, the target participants were classified into three clusters using the K-means method, denoted as ''Maladaptive Type,'' ''Adaptive Type,'' and ''Expansive Type.'' Secondly, the results of correlation coefficients between three mental health questions and LS indicated significant correlations among Satisfaction, Anxiety, and Interpersonal and Personal skills. Significant correlations of 0.20 or more were observed among Satisfaction, Anxiety, Interpersonal (Satisfaction (r = 0.25, p < 0.01), Anxiety: (r=-0.28, p < 0.01)), and Personal skills (Satisfaction (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), Anxiety: (r=-0.47, p < 0.01)), as well as between Personal skills and Loneliness (r=-0.28, p < 0.01). Thirdly, while focusing on exercise frequency, exercise intensity, and total exercise time in the exercise habits of international students, an examination was conducted regarding the relationship with mental health and LS acquisition. The results indicated no significant relationships, and the study concluded that exercise habits did not affect the relationship between mental health and LS acquisition among international students during the COVID-19. In the future, to enhance support for international students, educational institutions are expected to promote LS acquisition to help students adapt to the new lifestyle resulting from the pandemic.

El presente artículo aborda el tema del caminar. Se profundiza en los elementos del habitar la ciudad y el ritmo en ella, esto último se dirige en dos vías: el ritmo de la música y el paso que tienen los sujetos al caminar. Para el desarrollo de la propuesta, se recurrió a la observación in situ de lo que ocurre en la Avenida Central de San José y se contrastó lo observado con teoría psicoanalítica, así como con aportes de autores como Le Breton (2022) acerca del caminar, quienes se consideraron relevantes para realizar este análisis. Se encontró que, en el acto de emprender caminatas, participan distintas emociones y el deseo de la persona que camina. Resultó evidente que cada sujeto marcha de forma diferente, ya que posee experiencias diversas que inciden en su paso/ritmo, es decir, en la manera de transitar y habitar por los lugares.

Jin Wan, Yu Jie Liu, Wen Jun Zhou, Si Yuan Wu School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jin Wan, Email 244022935@qq.comIntroduction: To investigate the impact of interpersonal sensitivity on the subjective well-being of accompanying children of migrant workers and the role of perception of exclusion and peer support in the process.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 304 migrant workers’ accompanying children and 501 urban children in grades 4– 9 in seven schools in Jiangxi Province, China. Hierarchical regression and bootstrap analysis were used.Results: Interpersonal sensitivity not only had a significant direct negative effect on the subjective well-being of migrant workers’ accompanying children (β= − 0.27, 95% CI = [− 0.37, − 0.17]), but also had an indirect effect through perception of exclusion (β= − 0.06, 95% CI = [− 0.11, − 0.03]). Peer support negatively moderated the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and perception of exclusion (β= − 0.18, 95% CI = [− 0.28, − 0.08]) and the mediating effect of perceptions of exclusion between interpersonal sensitivity and subjective well-being (β = 0.06, CI = [0.02, 0.11]).Conclusion: The subjective well-being of migrant children is indeed lower than that of urban children, and one of the most important reasons is their higher interpersonal sensitivity. Interpersonal sensitivity not only directly reduces their subjective well-being, but also reduces it by triggering their perception of exclusion, while peer support can effectively mitigate this negative effect. Therefore, one way to improve the subjective well-being of these children is to reduce their excessive interpersonal sensitivity. Their parents should help them to adapt to urban life, to develop correct professional values and to deal correctly with “occupational stigma”, to overcome feelings of inferiority, while communities can create specialized activity centers to provide more social opportunities and psychological counseling services for these children.Keywords: migrant workers’ accompanying children, interpersonal sensitivity, perception of exclusion, peer support, subjective well-being

Asara Vasupanrajit,1,2 Michael Maes,1– 9 Ketsupar Jirakran,1,2,10 Chavit Tunvirachaisakul1,2,5 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Ph.D.Program in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 5Center of Excellence in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 6Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychological Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 7Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; 8Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; 9Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 10Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children’s Developmental Potential, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Michael Maes; Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, Email dr.michaelmaes01@gmail.com; chavit.t@chula.ac.thBackground: There is evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative life events (NLEs) are associated with major depression (MDD).Purpose: To determine whether ACEs affect all features of mild MDD, including suicidal tendencies, brooding, neuroticism, insomnia, cognitive deficits, severity of depression and anxiety, and cognitive deficits, and whether NLEs mediate these effects.Sample of the Study and Methods: This study examines a cohort of 118 academic students, namely 74 students who satisfied the DSM-5-TR criteria for MDD and 44 normal control students. We assessed brooding, neuroticism, suicidal ideation and attempts, and the severity of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and the Stroop tests.Results: One validated factor could be extracted from brooding, neuroticism, current suicidal behaviors, and the severity of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, labeled the phenome of depression. A large part of the variance in the phenome of depression (55.0%) was explained by the combined effects of self-, relationships, and academic-related NLEs in conjunction with ACEs, including family dysfunction and abuse and neglect (both physical and emotional). The latter ACEs significantly interacted (moderating effect) with NLEs to impact the depression phenome. Although sexual abuse did not have direct effects on the phenome, its effects were mediated by NLEs. We discovered that increased sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse and neglect, and ACEs related to family dysfunction predicted 22.5% of the variance in NLEs. Up to 18.5% of the variance in the Stroop test scores was explained by sexual abuse and the phenome of depression. The latter mediated the effects of NLEs and abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction on the Stroop test scores.&#x00A0Conclusion: Complex intersections between ACEs and NLEs impact the phenome of depression, which comprises neuroticism, brooding, suicidal tendencies, and the severity of insomnia, anxiety, and depression, while sexual abuse together with other ACEs and NLEs may impact cognitive interference inhibition.Keywords: depression, mood disorders, affective spectrum, stress, precision psychiatry, executive functions

Yali Zhang,1 Ruohan Bu,1 Xiaoli Li2 1College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Educational Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoli Li, School of Educational Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, People’s Republic of China, Email lixiaoli197302@163.comBackground: Short video apps are very popular among Chinese college students, and some students even rely on them. Most of the current research has focused only on Internet addiction and has seldom focused on the phenomenon of short video addiction. Its influencing factors and formation mechanism are worth exploring.Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between social exclusion and short video addiction among college students and the mediating roles of boredom and self-control.Methods: This study adopted a multistage investigation and investigated 532 college students (39% male; mean age 19.32 ± 1.23 years) with a social exclusion scale, boredom proneness scale, self-control scale, and short video addiction scale. The mediating effect was tested with Process 3.1.Results: The results showed that social exclusion has a positive predictive effect on college student’s short video addiction. The impact of social exclusion on college student’s short video addiction was mediated by boredom and self-control, and the chained mediation of boredom and self-control.Conclusion: Theoretically, this study modified the I-PACE model, indicating that personal and distant social factors should be considered in individuals with behavioral addictions, such as short video addiction. Practically, the results suggested that schools should reduce peer rejection and improve students’ mental health literacy to reduce boredom and enhance self-control, thus effectively preventing short video addiction.Keywords: social exclusion, boredom, self-control, short video addiction

Alpana Agarwal,1 Divina Raghav2 1Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Noida Campus, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India; 2Career Transition Coach, Randstad RiseSmart, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaCorrespondence: Alpana Agarwal, Email alpana.agarwal@scmsnoida.ac.inIntroduction: Though, having right set of behavioural skills is always been a priority of all organizations, nevertheless, today’s organizations are investing too much on behavioural skill training to safeguard their brand value, bring-up the work culture, maintaining reputation, etc. Behavioural skills plays a vital role in personal development and well-being at student level also. This paper identifies and analyzes the fourteen behavioural skills which are vital in the personal and professional excellence development of a student.Methods: Exhaustive literature review is done and expert opinions are taken to determine the behavioural skills. Interpretive Structural Modelling is performed to analyze and prioritize these skills into strategic, operational and performance outcomes.Results: Behavioral skills are not only depicted in ones’ actions but also determines thought process and attitude of a person. Result of this research shows that time management, emotional intelligence, self-development, resilience, multitasking, and open mindedness of an individual are the key behavioural skills that trigger most behaviours and eventually influences the effectiveness of management of personal and professional life.Discussion: Every job requires specific skills to perform. There are certain skills that must be possessed by every student irrespective of the discipline. It include behavioural skills like human values, resilience, multitasking, communication, etc. Research on behavioral skills and its importance are available in literature. However, the literature is lacking in explaining the interplay of these skills in driving personal and professional journey of an individual. Such skills may not be mentioned in the recruitment advertisements but are vital to perform well.Keywords: behavioural skills, interpretive structural modelling, ISM, personal excellence, professional excellence, MICMAC analysis

Background: Chronic diseases such as heart patients cause psychological changes in patients in addition to physical symptoms, which can increase the damage caused by this disease for individuals and society. Therefore, the necessity of research in the field of examining the psychological factors of these patients in order to increase their mental health is significant. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of psychological distress and self-efficacy in explaining the causal relationships between emotion regulation strategies and adherence to treatment in coronary heart disease patients. Methods: The present research method was descriptive and correlation and structural equations type. The statistical population of the study included all patients with coronary artery disease who had referred to Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan in 2022. The statistical sample included 218 patients with coronary artery disease who were selected by purposeful sampling based on the research entry criteria. The tools used in the present research include questionnaires of adherence to the treatment of chronic diseases (Syd Fatemi et al., 2018), perceived social support (Zimmat et al., 1998), psychological distress (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), self-efficacy in cardiovascular disease management (Staka et al., 2015) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski et al., 2006). Data analysis was analyzed using two or multiple comparison and relational inferences in data analysis and SPSS.22 and Amos.22 software. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the causal model of treatment adherence based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of psychological distress and self-efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease has a good fit (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this research can help patients with coronary artery disease to achieve effective strategies to deal with the disease and achieve a useful medical and psychological outcome by using psychological distress management and cardiovascular disease management self-efficacy

Background: A decrease in positive emotional expressiveness, a decrease in intimacy expressiveness, and an increase in negative emotional expressiveness are related to marital incompatibility. Therefore, it is very important to improve emotional expressiveness in incompatible couples through couple therapy interventions, especially compassion-focused couple therapy, but there is a research gap in the effect of compassion-focused couple therapy on emotional expressiveness in the studied society. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of compassion-focused couple therapy on positive and negative emotional expressiveness and intimacy expressiveness of incompatible couples. Methods: The design of the current research was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population was all incompatible couples who referred to Sifa, Behin and Hamraz centers of counseling and psychological services of Khorramabadcity in 2023. A sample of 20 qualified couples was placed in two experimental and control groups using the targeted manner from the available type. Couples were evaluated based on Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (King & Emmons, 1990) in two stages of pre-test and post-test in both groups. The experimental group received compassion-focused couple therapy (Lotfi et al., 2021) over eight 60-minute sessions. Analysis of covariance and SPSS version 27 software were used for data analysis. Results: The findings of the present study showed that compassion-focused couple therapy was effective in increasing posiive emotional expressiveness and intimacy expresiveness, as well as reducing the negative emotional expressiveness of incompatible couples (p

Background: Today, new social harms have emerged at the level of schools, which overshadowed the personal and academic lives of many students. Considering the importance of cyberbullying, Internet addiction and alexithymia, as well as the gap in research, it seems necessary to provide a coherent model in this field and conduct more studies. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to present a model of self-esteem and Internet addiction in secondary school students based on cyberbullying with the mediating role of alexithymia. Methods: The current research was a description of the type of correlation and structural equation studies. The statistical population of the research included all female students of second secondary schools in Yasuj city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 250 people were selected by cluster sampling method and the questionnaires of cyberbullying by Setin et al. (2011), Rosenberg's self-esteem (1963), Internet addiction Young (1999) and alexithymia Bagby et al. (1994) responded enthusiastically. Finally, the data were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software. Results: The results showed that cyberbullying had a positive, direct and significant effect on alexithymia and internet addiction and a negative, direct and significant effect on self-esteem (P< 0.01). Also, alexithymia had a mediating role in the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem and Internet addiction (P< 0.01). Conclusion: In the end, it can be said that the final model of the research has a good fit, and therefore, the awareness of teachers, managers, parents, students and other experts in the field of education about the variables of this model can help prevent new social harms in schools.

Background: The phenomenon of marital infidelity is a painful experience for the other party, which can make a person suffer psychologically. A review of research shows that women affected by infidelity have problems in terms of marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital and need special attention for psychological interventions. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-focoused therapy on marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital in women affected by infidelity. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a follow-up test period. Among the women affected by marital infidelity in Tehran in 2022, 30 people were selected as available research samples according to the inclusion criteria and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this research included marital burnout questionnaires (Pines, 1996), emotional Divorce (Gutman, 2001), Alexithymia (Begby et al., 1994) and psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007). Data were analyzed with SPSS 23 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the pre-test and the follow-up test of the experimental and control groups in terms of marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital. In other words, EFT reduced marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and increased the psychological capital of women affected by marital infidelity (p

Background: In recent research, defects in cognitive processes have been proposed as one of the cognitive causal hypotheses, and psychological interventions can help to improve this disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on increasing psychological flexibility, which is the ability to pay attention to experiences in the present without bias. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) also emphasizes how a person responds to his/her thoughts and how he/she communicates with them. Conducting comparative research on these two types of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder has received less attention. Aims: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ACT and MCT in reducing insufficient executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive patients. Methods: The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah City in 2022. 45 of these patients were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (a treatment group based on acceptance and commitment and a metacognitive treatment group) and a control group (15 people in each group). The measuring tool in this research was the Wisconsin card sorting test of Grant and Berg (1993). The treatment protocol based on acceptance and commitment (Bach & Moran, 2008) and metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2008) were implemented during eight 60-minute sessions for the first and second experimental groups, respectively, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software were used. Results: The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed the effectiveness of both treatment models in increasing the number of completed classes, increasing the number of correct answers, and reducing the residual error (p

Background: Examining the psychological aspects of Isfahan style poetry and architecture from the perspective of Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung's theory. Aims: In this article, common psychological aspects of Esfahani style (Indian) poetry and Esfahani style architecture have been investigated. Methods: The research method is library and its type is analytical-descriptive. After examining the characteristics and common psychological aspects of poetry and architecture of the Isfahani period, we have come to the conclusion that in addition to the social issues that affected poetry and architecture in the Safavid period, some aspects of psychology in this period also affected the style of poetry and The architecture of this period has left an impact. Among other things, due to the spread of poetry and art among the people and its departure from the court, signs of extroversion can be seen in the poetry and art of this period, and its representation is paying attention to the intellectual and imaginative tastes of the public instead of considering the opinions of the rulers. Results: This can be examined in the form of the "social interest" component of Alfred Adler's theory. This caused the poetry and architecture of this period to become general instead of being specialized and customized and developed based on the intellectual, imaginative and emotional taste of the public. Another common psychological aspect in the poetry and architecture of this period is the attention to beliefs and opinions that are presented as archetypes in the field of psychology and can be examined in the form of Jung's theory. Conclusion: This aspect is also a result of popularization of poetry and architecture, and during this process, the common beliefs and ideas and archetypes of the general public of the people were manifested in the poetry and architecture of this period.

Background: The role of mathematics in the present digital world is very important. Due to its nature, mathematics is mostly disliked by students, especially those with learning disorders. Using e-learning in mobile environments and new teaching methods, the complementary sessions needed for students with learning disorders can be enriched. This group of students is most of the time forgotten. This study investigated the impact of adaptive game-based instruction on the mathematical performance of students with mathematics learning disorders. Aims: The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of adaptive game-based instruction on the mathematical performance of students with learning difficulty in a mobile learning environment. Methods: The current research design was the quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population of the research included the students with a mathematics learning disorder in Malard, Tehran, in the second grade of primary school, in the academic year of 2022-2023 from which 10 samples were available that randomly were divided into two groups: experimental (5 people) and control (5 people). The experimental group attended 8 educational sessions in the Shad mobile environment in June 2023 using Shad facilities including messenger and games which are proposed by the experts of the Ministry of Education. For the pre-test and post-test, the questions from the Kangaroo Mathematics Competition 2021 were used and the data were analyzed using SPSS26 and univariate analysis of variance. Results: The research findings show that there is a meaningful difference between pre-test and post-test (F= 25.878, p= 0.001). There is also a meaningful difference between the control group and the experimental group in the post-test (F= 6.392, p= 0.039). According to the obtained results, it was concluded that adaptive game-based instruction has a positive impact on the mathematical performance of students with learning disorders in a mobile learning environment. Conclusion: The results showed that using game-based adaptive learning in a mobile learning environment for students with mathematics learning disorder can help these students improve their mathematical performance at their preferred pace and content with educational support. As Shad environment facilities are available for all students in Iran, schools and learning disorder centers can use game-based adaptive instruction in Shad environment to help the students improve their performance through ongoing learning.

Background: Leadership plays a vital role in the dynamics of the organization. The degree of success of the organization in reaching the predetermined goals, the amount of effort of the employees for the success of the organization and the effectiveness of the leader on the employees depends on the behaviors and leadership style. The development of organizational innovation and learning in order to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage and improve organizational performance requires the existence of suitable conditions and management styles, which are one of the effective factors in this field. Aims: considering the importance of organizational performance based on leadership styles, this research aims to design a model for predicting organizational performance based on leadership styles and the mediating role of innovative culture and organizational learning. Methods: The research method is inductive and qualitative. The statistical population consisted of experts and academic specialists who were selected as the sample size using the principle of saturation and the snowball sampling method. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Data analysis was done using the qualitative data analysis method of Maxqda software. Results: Based on the findings of the research, the dimensions and components of leadership styles were identified in 8 categories, the dimensions and components of organizational innovative culture in 5 categories, and the dimensions and components of organizational learning in 7 categories. Based on the findings of this research, organizational performance can be developed and improved by using appropriate leadership style and implementing innovative culture and strengthening organizational learning. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is suggested to use projects with high potential and based on meritocracy management and knowledge and expertise in sensitive and highly important categories in line with the development of suspended and forward-looking projects so that the performance of the organization through development Projects and the community's sense of need for these projects should be used to achieve the organization's goals.

Background: Sleep is one of the most important psychological and physiological processes for brain function and mental health that control human health. Sleep quality is essential in middle-aged society, and sleep problems in this society are recognized as a main risk factor for mental and physical health problems. So far, the effectiveness of various treatments have been performed to improve sleep quality in middle-aged people, but no study has compared cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on improving insomnia in middle-aged people. Methods: The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all middle-aged men and women suffering from insomnia who referred to health centers in Hamedan city in 2022. 60 people were selected as available sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 people (two experimental groups and one control group), cognitive behavioral therapy, commitment and acceptance therapy and control group. The measurement tool in this research was the insomnia disorder questionnaire of Homai Maaz et al. (2023). The experimental groups were subjected to cognitive behavioral therapy based on acceptance and commitment for 9 sessions of 75 minutes respectively, and the control group received the usual treatment. Results: The findings showed that after the intervention, both treatment methods improved the insomnia disorder compared to the control group, and the treatment results were maintained in the follow-up period (p

Background: The examination of the existing literature reveals a notable gap in research pertaining to the structural equation modeling approach to investigate the impact of academic self-efficacy on self-regulated learning among adolescents during quarantine periods. Aims: The purpose of this research is to design a Structural equation model of the effect of Academic Self-efficacy on the Self- strategic learning of Adolescents During Guarantine Period. Methods: The quantitative descriptive research method is a survey type. In this research, the statistical sample was considered using the random cluster sampling method, and 300 teenagers (girls) in the first half of high school, ninth grade in Tehran were selected as the final sample. 284 analyzable and free questionnaires have reached the stage of statistical analysis, as well as academic self-efficacy questionnaires by McIlroy and Bunting (2001), self-directed learning questionnaire by Fisher, King and Tago (2001) for data collection were used. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient test and structural equations were used using SPSS and AMOS software. Results: Finally, based on the findings of the research, it was observed that academic self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on the self-directed learning of adolescents during quarantine with the value (Sig=0.0001, t=12.346) and the coefficient of influence (β=0.793), as well as the relationship model Appropriate research is necessary. Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested; With the active participation of students in learning, facing challenging experiences in learning, quick compensation for mistakes, more motivation to learn, the use of different strategies in learning by teachers can increase self-directed learning in students.

Background: Attention to social interactions is highlighted as a crucial component in the design of residential spaces. Neglecting environmental and behavioral psychological elements in the design of residential complexes can lead to problems in individual and social life. Despite the importance of this issue, a review of the literature in this field reveals few studies that focus on identifying environmental and behavioral psychological elements aimed at enhancing social interactions in the design of high-rise residential complexes. Aims: The aim of the current research was to identify the psychological environmental and behavioral elements in enhancing social interactions in the design of high-rise residential complexes. Methods: The present research employed a descriptive survey method. The population consisted of all residents of residential complexes in the city of Tehran, from which 11 residential complexes were selected using convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 30 items. Sample size determination was conducted using Cochran's formula, resulting in 315 returned questionnaires out of 1000 distributed questionnaires, all of which were suitable for analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results: Based on the results and comparisons made, all three examined factors, namely physical, semantic, and functional features, have varying degrees of importance as influential factors on the level of social interactions in the open spaces of residential complexes (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Creating and promoting local social networks and communication platforms for residents can help strengthen social connections and interactions among members of the community. These networks can facilitate the sharing of information related to neighborhood affairs, encourage participation in social activities and local events, and facilitate the formation of local groups and associations. By providing a digital space for residents to connect and engage with one another, these platforms can contribute to a sense of community cohesion and foster a supportive local environment.

Background: Many of the risky behaviors of adolescence are caused by emotional disturbances resulting from the changes of puberty. The mental health of students at the threshold of puberty is directly related to academic and personal-social performance. In addition, boys and girls have obvious gender differences in perception, cognition, memory, and neurological functions. These differences may be attributed to various genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. However, the results of previous researche in this field are inconsistent and insufficient. Aims: The present study was conducted to compare the Psychological well-being, Cognitive-emotional regulation, and Brain-behavioral system of middle school male and female students in Havigh city. Methods: Method: The present research is a causal- comparative research. The research population included all the male and female students of the middle school level of Department of Education and Training schools in Havigh region (Talesh city) in the educational year of 2022-2023, who were selected by voluntary and available sampling method, 50 people in each group. In order to collect data, psychological well-being questionnaires (Ryff, 1989), cognitive-emotional regulation (Garnefski et al., 2001), and brain - behavioral systems Inventory (Carver and White, 1994) were used, which were analyzed with the statistical test of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS-24 software were analyzed. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups of male and female students in psychological well-being scores (F= 12.82 and P< 0.01), and positive cognitive-emotional regulation (F= 34.88 and P< 0.01), negative cognitive-emotional regulation (F= 24.97 and P> 0.01), behavioral inhibition system (F= 14.62 and P< 0.01), and behavioral activation system (F= 9.16 and P> 0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of the current research; The difference between the two genders in psychological well-being, emotional cognitive regulation and behavioral brain system can cause the different performance and exposure of male and female students in dealing with the problems of adolescence and puberty.

Background: Pornography is one of the addictive and high-risk sexual behaviors that can play a role in different dimensions of people's mental health. People involved in pornography addiction suffer from mental, emotional, cognitive problems which have a negative effect on their life. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigating the General health status of people with pornography addiction: comparison with the normal group. Methods: This research is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the present study includes all men aged 18 to 35 with pornography addiction and normal in Urmia city in the spring and summer of 2023. The statistical population of the present study includes all men aged 18 to 35 in Urmia city in the spring and summer of 2023. To determine the sample size, by referring to the GPower sample size software, 36 people with pornography addiction and 36 people who did not have pornography addiction were selected using the available sampling method and completed the pornography addiction questionnaire of Kerr et al (2014) and Goldberg's & Hiller general health questionnaire (1972). The data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and by SPSS 19 software. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in anxiety and insomnia (P< 0.05) and depression (P< 0.01), but there was no significant difference between groups in somatic symptoms and and social dysfunction (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that pornography addiction can lead to more depression, anxiety and and insomnia; Therefore, it is suggested to use preventive and therapeutic interventions to reduce the tendency to pornography in groups exposed to this addiction

Background: The relationship between the physical environment and the psychosocial atmosphere of schools can have a wide-ranging impact on students' academic performance, behaviors, emotions, and relationships. Therefore, analyzing the relationship between the physical development model of schools and the improvement of the psychosocial atmosphere can assist educators and administrators in creating conducive environments for the growth and development of students. Furthermore, it is noted that in many educational settings in Iran, there is a lack of indigenous models tailored to local societal conditions for improving the psychosocial atmosphere of schools. Hence, there is a need for the development of a native and suitable model for enhancing the psychosocial atmosphere of schools. Aims: The aim of this study was to design a model for the physical development of schools to improve the psychosocial atmosphere of secondary schools. Methods: In the present study, a data-driven approach was employed. The population of the study consisted of specialists, stakeholders, and expert managers in the field of school physical development located in the first district of Ahvaz, Iran. The sample size comprised 16 individuals selected through purposive sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews. After transcribing the interviews, the collected data were analyzed through coding, involving three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. Results: The model extracted from the analysis of the research findings in the selective coding section was designed in the form of six main themes and 13 sub-themes. Four themes, namely architectural and environmental design, safety, covered spaces, open spaces, were identified as influential contextual conditions on the central phenomenon. Two themes were created regarding the contextual conditions for creating the studied phenomenon, and four components of school culture, social communication and participation, human resources, and emotional environment were identified as intervention factors. Conclusion: The results indicate that for improving the psychological atmosphere of schools, attention to the design of the physical environment, particularly the classroom, is necessary. Based on the findings of this study, it can be suggested that education authorities, especially those responsible for school renovation, pay special attention to the issue of the school's physical environment tailored to the students' age. The architecture of the buildings and spaces of each educational level should be designed according to the spirits, age, and interests of the students.

Jinfu Wang,1,&ast; Xiuxia Liu,2,&ast; Xue Xu,3 Haiyun Wang,4 Guan Yang1 1School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Physical Education, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Finance and Economy, Guangdong Engineering Polytechnic, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Physical Education, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Haiyun Wang, School of Physical Education, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Kowloon Avenue No. 206, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 511363, People’s Republic of China, Email 20141002@gcc.edu.cn Guan Yang, School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road No. 381, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510641, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15626499157, Email yangmp6@scut.edu.cnPurpose: During the period of COVID-19 pandemic, the social restrictions and isolation exerted a significant impact on the sleep quality of Chinese college students. This study aims to delve into the influence of physical activity on the sleep quality of college students as well as the mediating roles of stress and smartphone addiction.Materials and Methods: A cohort of 274 eligible college students (146 males and 128 females) were selected for the investigation. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Stress Perception Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were employed to assess the levels of physical activity, stress, smartphone addiction, and sleep quality among college students. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and chained mediation effect tests were performed sequentially.Results: The findings revealed: (1) a significant negative correlation between physical activity and stress, smartphone addiction, and sleep quality among college students (r = − 0.216, p < 0.001; r = − 0.224, p < 0.001; r = − 0.259, p < 0.001); (2) independent mediating roles of stress and smartphone addiction in the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality; and (3) chained mediating effects of stress and smartphone addiction in the association between physical activity and sleep quality.Conclusion: This study deepens our comprehension of how physical activity augments the quality of slumber, concurrently emphasizing that mitigating stress levels and alleviating smartphone addiction constitute effective strategies for preventing sleep issues among college students.Keywords: sleep quality, physical activity, smartphone addiction, stress, chain mediating effect, college students

Abstract Formal theoretical models propose that cooperative networks can be maintained when individuals condition behavior on social standing. Here, we empirically examine the predictions of such models of positive and negative indirect reciprocity using a suite of network-structured economic games in four rural Colombian communities (N i n d = 496 individuals, N o b s = 53,876 ratings/transfers). We observe that, at a dyadic-level, individuals have a strong tendency to exploit and punish others in bad standing (e.g., those perceived as selfish), and allocate resources to those in good standing (e.g., those perceived as generous). These dyadic findings scale to a more generalized, community level, where reputations for being generous are associated with receipt of allocations, and reputations for being selfish are associated with receipt of punishment. These empirical results illustrate the roles that both positive and negative reciprocity, and costly punishment, play in sustaining community-wide cooperation networks.

Abstract Psychological constructs are commonly quantified with closed-ended rating scales. However, recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) enable the quantification of open-ended language responses. Here we demonstrate that descriptive word responses analyzed using NLP show higher accuracy in categorizing emotional states compared to traditional rating scales. One group of participants (N = 297) generated narratives related to depression, anxiety, satisfaction, or harmony, summarized them with five descriptive words, and rated them using rating scales. Another group (N = 434) evaluated these narratives (with descriptive words and rating scales) from the author’s perspective. The descriptive words were quantified using NLP, and machine learning was used to categorize the responses into the corresponding emotional states. The results showed a significantly higher number of accurate categorizations of the narratives based on descriptive words (64%) than on rating scales (44%), questioning the notion that rating scales are more precise in measuring emotional states than language-based measures.

Abstract Third-party punishment and helping can signal trustworthiness, but the interpretation of deliberation may vary: uncalculated help signals trustworthiness, but this may not hold for punishment. Using online experiments, we measured how deliberation over personal costs and impacts to targets affected the trustworthiness of helpers and punishers. We expected that personal cost-checking punishers and helpers would be trusted less. Conversely, impact deliberation was expected to increase the perceived trustworthiness of punishers but not helpers. Replicating previous work, we found that refraining from checking the personal cost of helping signals trustworthiness (although evidence for observers trusting uncalculating over calculating helpers was mixed). This did not extend to punishment: only uncalculating non-punishers were more trustworthy than cost-checking non-punishers. Impact deliberation results were mixed: deliberation affected the trust and trustworthiness of non-helpers more than helpers and no conclusive results were found for punishment. These results show that deliberation differentially affects assessments of those who help or punish others.

Abstract Why do people punish experienced unfairness if it induces costs for both the punisher and punished person(s) without any direct material benefits for the punisher? Economic theories of fairness propose that punishers experience disutility from disadvantageous inequality and punish in order to establish equality in outcomes. We tested these theories in a modified Ultimatum Game (N = 1370) by examining whether people avoid the urge to reject unfair offers, and thereby punish the proposer, by deliberately blinding themselves to unfairness. We found that 53% of participants deliberately ignored whether they had received an unfair offer. Among these participants, only 6% of offers were rejected. As expected, participants who actively sought information rejected significantly more unfair offers (39%). Averaging these rejection rates to 21%, no significant difference to the rejection rate by participants who were directly informed about unfairness was found, contrary to our hypothesis. We interpret these findings as evidence for sorting behavior: People who punish experienced unfairness seek information about it, while those who do not punish deliberately ignore it.

Abstract Background Problematic Internet use (PIU) may lead adolescents to physical, emotional, social, or functional impairment due to the risky, excessive, or impulsive internet use manner. How do the experiences of adolescents influence them using the internet in a problematic manner? The answer to this question is the key to preventing and intervening PIU of adolescents. To address this question, we focus on the interactions among family (parent-adolescent conflict), school (school climate), and individual factors (PIU, depression), exploring the influence factors of PIU. Methods A moderated mediation model was constructed to explore the relationship between variables. Using a two-wave longitudinal design with a six-month interval between timepoints, this study collected data from 801 Chinese adolescents (411 boys, M age = 14.68) by questionnaires. Path analysis was employed to test the model and participants’ age, sex and baseline were controlled. Results Parent-adolescent conflict at Time 1 (T1) was positively related to PIU at Time 2 (T2) in adolescents. Depression at T2 mediated the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict at T1 and PIU at T2. School climate at T2 significantly moderated the mediation effect of depression on the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict at T1 and PIU at T2. Specifically, positive school climate could significantly weaken the negative effect of depression on PIU for adolescents with low level of depression. Conclusions The present study reveals that parent-adolescent conflict leads to PIU in adolescents through depression whilst the school climate moderates the impacts of depression on PIU. This adds further evidence regarding the significance of systematically and consistently incorporating family and school in the alleviating of problem behaviors displayed by teens.

Abstract Background Sense of coherence (SOC) is a personal resource that reflects the extent to which one perceives the world as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. Decades of empirical research consistently show that SOC is an important protective resource for health and well-being. Despite the extensive use of the 13-item measure of SOC, there remains uncertainty regarding its factorial structure. Additionally, a valid and reliable Czech version of the scale is lacking. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the SOC-13 scale in a representative sample of Czech adults. Methods An online survey was completed by 498 Czech adults (18–86 years old) between November 2021 and December 2021. We used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factorial structure of the scale. Further, we examined the variations in SOC based on age and gender, and we tested the criterion validity of the scale using the short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC) scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale as mental health outcomes. Results SOC-13 showed an acceptable one- and three-factor fit only with specified residual covariance between items 2 and 3. We tested alternative short versions by systematically removing poorly performing items. The fit significantly improved for all shorter versions with SOC-9 having the best psychometric properties with a clear one-factorialstructure. We found that SOC increases with age and males score higher than females. SOC showed a moderately strong positive correlation with MHC, and a moderately strong negative correlation with GAD. These findings were similar for all tested versions supporting the criterion validity of the SOC scale. Conclusion Our findings suggest that shortened versions of the SOC-13 scale have better psychometric properties than the original 13-item version in the Czech adult population. Particularly, SOC-9 emerges as a viable alternative, showing comparable reliability and validity as the 13-item version and a clear one-factorial structure in our sample.

Abstract Purpose Illness cognition is an important mediator between psychological and behavioral adjustment and the quality of life for patients and their caregivers. Evidence related to illness cognition among parents of children with leukemia is limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the illness cognition status and associated factors in parents of children with leukemia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with the parents of 335 children with leukemia from three general children’s hospitals in China from January to December 2022. A parents’ version of the illness cognition questionnaire was used to collect data. This included three subscales: helplessness, acceptance, and perceived benefits. Results The mean scores of helplessness, acceptance and perceived benefits of parents regarding their children’s disease were 15.56 (4.60), 16.25 (4.41), and 19.96 (3.69) respectively. The multiple regression model indicated seven factors associated with the parents’ illness cognition (adjusted R [2] ranged from 0.182 to 0.134): four socio-demographic factors (parent’s age, role, education level, and family income) and three clinical factors (length of time spent each day caring for the child, the child’s age at diagnosis, and the duration of the disease). Conclusion This study reports on different levels of illness cognition and associated factors among parents of children with leukemia. The results may help pediatric oncology medical staff identify risk factors for poor psychological adjustment to children’s diseases. Parents may benefit from psychological support aimed at improving positive illness cognition.

Abstract Background Mothers of children with autism reported higher levels of anxiety than mothers of typical children. This study revealed the relationship between parent-child conflict, children’s problem behavior, parenting stress, and maternal anxiety from the perspective of the relationship within the family. Methods The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (CGSQ) were used to measure maternal anxiety and parenting stress respectively from 102 mothers of children with autism. We also collected information on parent-child relationships and children’s problem behaviors by using the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). Results Parent-child conflict positively predicted state and trait anxiety in mothers of children with autism. The severity of children’s psychosomatic disorders fully mediated the positive association between parent-child conflict and state-trait anxiety in mothers of children with autism. Parenting stress significantly moderated the impact of parent-child conflict on maternal state anxiety and trait anxiety. Conclusion In the case of children with autism spectrum disorders, parent-child conflict can directly affect maternal anxiety levels, especially when mothers have low levels of parenting stress. Parent-child conflict can also affect children’s problem behaviors and thus indirectly affect maternal anxiety. Therefore, this study is of great significance for the alleviation of anxiety of mothers of autistic children and the family intervention for the early rehabilitation of autistic children.

Abstract Background ADHD is the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. The symptomatology makes the management of ADHD particularly demanding in school, so teachers’ training programs have been widely implemented. Nevertheless, these interventions could lead teachers to concentrate on the dysfunctional elements of these students, exposing them to the risk of stigmatisation. Conceptualising stigma and inclusion as narrative processes, the present study observed how teacher ADHD training texts, endorsed by the Italian government, impact on the inclusion process of students. Methods The research analysed a corpus of N = 31,261 text occurrences and focused on three areas: (1) ADHD as a clinical condition; (2) the impact of ADHD characteristics in the scholastic setting; (3) interventions to manage ADHD criticalities in school settings. To observe the interactive processes fostered by the narratives under scrutiny, we used Dialogic Science and MADIT methodology, since they allow us to measure the language use modalities through an index: the Dialogical Weight (dW). The value of dW ranges between 0.1 (min) and 0.9 (max) and is linked to the potential outcomes of inclusion for students with ADHD. A low dW accounts for narratives entrenched in personal beliefs presented as absolute truths, undermining inclusion of students with ADHD. In contrast, high dW signals language interaction relying on sharable elements, able to foster social unity and diminish stigma. Results The results yielded a critical discursive configuration, both in general and for the three distinct areas. We measured an overall Dialogical Weight of 0.4dW and, for the three areas (1) = 0.3dW; (2) = 0.3dW; (3) = 0.4dW. The analysed text does not maximise the triggering of inclusive interactions, as they rely on individual references and present one’s narrative as the sole plausible perspective: reinforcing already existing positions and exposing to the risk of stereotyping of the pupils. Conclusions The study highlighted how the ADHD training materials analysed, focusing on a purely informational and clinical approach, lose in effectiveness with respect to generating inclusive school settings. Finally, to promote the inclusion of these pupils, elements are offered for outlining an approach based on fostering active participation by all roles involved.

Abstract Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is often associated with mental disorders (MDs). Comorbid MDs reduce the quality of life and increase cardiac morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, there is little and inconsistent research on the management of MDs in CHD patients. To bridge this gap, this study aims to gain insight into the long-term course of MD-related health care for patients with CHD, in order to identify opportunities for care improvement. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we investigated whether CHD patients with or without expert-rated MD at baseline (N = 364) received different MD-related health care from either their general practitioner (GP) or cardiologist at follow-up, M = 2.7 [2.0–4.0] years later. In the follow-up assessment, N = 131 CHD patients participated and received questionnaires capturing sociodemographic, mental health, and MD-related health care characteristics. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and chi-squared tests were used for analyses. Results We found significant differences in MD-related health care. CHD patients with MD were more likely to be examined psychologically/psychiatrically (MD 55.9%, non-MD 16.7%, p =

Abstract Background The hospitalization of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is an ethically challenging situation. A limited number of studies have extended the concept of moral distress to parents of infants hospitalized in the NICU. This topic requires further investigation. Methods The present prospective qualitative study was conducted from February 2023 to May 2023. Data were collected through semistructured in-depth interviews, which were conducted in-person with fifteen parents of infants who were hospitalized in the NICU at the time of the interviews. Purposive sampling was used. The data were classified and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Three themes emerged from the data analysis performed for this empirical study. One intrapersonal dimension featuring two aspects (one dynamic and one static) and another interpersonal dimension focusing on parental moral distress emerged from the data analysis. Furthermore, seven subthemes emerged across these themes: (1) self-directed negative feelings were experienced by parents due to their inability to fulfill their caregiving/parental roles; (2) intense internal conflict was experienced by parents in response to a moral dilemma that was difficult, which was perceived as irresolvable; (3) objectively unjustified, self-directed negative feelings of guilt or failure were experienced by parents; (4) parents experienced moral distress due to the poor image of the ill infants; (5) inadequate information may predispose parents to experience moral distress (6) neonatologists’ caring behaviors were unduly perceived by parents as paternalistic behaviors; (7) reasonable or justified institutional rules were unduly perceived by parents as constraint. Conclusions In general, the results of this study support the integrated definition of parental moral distress proposed by Mooney-Doyle and Ulrich. Furthermore, the present study introduces new information. The study distinguishes between the dynamic and static aspects of the intrapersonal dimension of the phenomenon of parental moral distress. Moreover, participants experienced moral distress because they unduly perceived certain situations as causing moral distress. In addition, inadequate information may predispose parents to experience moral distress. The findings of this study may contribute promote family-centered care in the NICU context.

Abstract Background To explore the impact mechanism of physical exercise on the sense of meaning in life of college students, and analyze the chain mediating effect between self-concept and self-control. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 923 college students in China using the Physical Exercise Rating Scale (PARS-3), Life Meaning Scale, Self Concept Scale, and Self Control Scale. Results (1) Physical exercise, self-concept, self-control and sense of meaning in life are significantly related to each other; (2) Self-concept and self-control play a chain mediating role between physical exercise and college students’ sense of meaning in life, with an effect value of 0.042, accounting for 5.48% of the total effect. Conclusion Physical exercise can directly enhance the sense of meaning in life of college students, and can also indirectly enhance it not only through the mediating effect of self-concept and self-control, but also through the chain mediating effect of the two. These results provide theoretical reference for college students to improve their sense of life meaning and mental health education.