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2. The pivotal role of cultivar affinity to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in determining mycorrhizal responsiveness to water deficit

Author

Ganugi, Paola, Pathan, S. I., Zhang, Leilei, Arfaioli, P., Benedettelli, S., Masoni, A., Pietramellara, G., Lucini, Luigi, Ganugi P., Zhang L., Lucini L. (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464), Ganugi, Paola, Pathan, S. I., Zhang, Leilei, Arfaioli, P., Benedettelli, S., Masoni, A., Pietramellara, G., Lucini, Luigi, Ganugi P., Zhang L., and Lucini L. (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464)

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have gained remarkable importance, having been proved to alleviate drought stress-induced damage in wheat due to their ability to ameliorate plant water use efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity. However, despite the current relevance of the topic, the molecular and physiological processes at the base of this symbiosis never consider the single cultivar affinity to mycorrhization as an influencing factor for the metabolic response in the AMF-colonized plant. In the present study, the mycorrhizal affinity of two durum wheat species (T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.)) varieties, Iride and Ramirez, were investigated. Successively, an untargeted metabolomics approach has been used to study the fungal contribution to mitigating water deficit in both varieties. Iride and Ramirez exhibited a high and low level of mycorrhizal symbiosis, respectively; resulting in a more remarkable alteration of metabolic pathways in the most colonised variety under water deficit conditions. However, the analysis highlighted the contribution of AMF to mitigating water deficiency in both varieties, resulting in the up- and down-regulation of many amino acids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, lipids, and hormones.

Published
2022

5. Agro-biodiversity in Subsistence Farming Systems of South Somalia –Collection and Agronomic Assessment of Somali Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Germplasm

Author

Manzelli, M., Benedettelli, S., and Vecchio, V.

Subjects
Adaptation, Phenotypic diversity, Landraces, Sorghum, Somalia, Agriculture
Abstract

After the collapse of Siyad Barre' regime, Somalia lost any form of agricultural research with negative consequences on food availability and seed sector stability. A fi rst step to restore food security can be represented by enhancing local genetic resources. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a very important crop in rainfed areas of Somalia serving as primary source of food and forage. Eight morphological and productive characteristics were chosen to assess the phenotypic variability of 7 accessions from South Somalia. Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (discriminant and cluster analysis) methods were used to assess the productive variation within the accession and to group the 7 accessions into clusters based on quantitative characters. The results showed that there is a wide morpho-agronomical diversity among accessions, especially regarding specifi c features suitable for different purpose, such as grain and/or forage production. Moreover the landraces were able to grow and produce under harsh environmental conditions. The gathered information can be used to promote the conservation and future improvement of local sorghum landraces, thus aiding in the stabilisation of a secure and sustainable food resource for farmers of southern Somalia.

Published
2006

7. Characterization of Khorasan wheat (Kamut) and impact of a replacement diet on cardiovascular risk factors: cross-over dietary intervention study

Author

Sofi, F., Whittaker, A., Cesari, F., Gori, A.M., Fiorillo, C., Becatti, M., Marotti, I., Dinelli, G., Casini, A., Abbate, R., Gensini, G.F., and Benedettelli, S.

Subjects
Wheat -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Food consumption -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Cardiovascular diseases -- Physiological aspects -- Risk factors, Diet -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Khorasan wheat (Kamut) is an ancient grain with widely acclaimed beneficial effects on human health. The objective was to characterise Kamut and to examine the effect of a replacement diet with their products on cardiovascular risk parameters. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a randomized, single-blinded cross-over trial with two intervention phases on 22 healthy subjects (14 females;8 males). The participants were assigned to consume products (bread, pasta and crackers) made either from Kamut or control semi-whole-grain wheat for 8 weeks in a random order. An 8-week washout period was implemented between the interventions. Laboratory analyses were performed both at the beginning and at the end of each intervention phase. RESULTS: At a general linear model for repeated measurements adjusted for several confounders, consumption of Kamut products showed a significant reduction of metabolic risk factors such as total cholesterol (mean reduction: -- 8.46 mg/dl;--4%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (--9.82 mg/dl;--7.8%) and blood glucose. Similarly, redox status was significantly improved only after the Kamut intervention phase, as measured by a reduction in both thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (--0.17 nmol/ml;--21.5%;) and carbonyl levels (--0.16 nmol/ml;--17.6%). The replacement diet with Kamut products also resulted in a significant increase of serum potassium and magnesium. Circulating levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor) were significantly reduced after the consumption of Kamut products. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that a replacement diet with Kamut products could be effective in reducing metabolic risk factors, markers of both oxidative stress and inflammatory status. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.206; published online 9 January 2013 Keywords: grain; Kamut; cardiovascular disease; risk factors; diet, INTRODUCTION Wheat is considered one of the most important components of human nutrition, and on a global scale provides a source of dietary carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibre. (1-4) [...]

Published
2013
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15. MON-PO352: Clinical Efficacy of a Durum Wheat Variety-Based (Senatore Cappelli) Pasta in Patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial

Author

Mele, M.C., primary, Rinninella, E., additional, Cintoni, M., additional, Basso, L., additional, Egidi, G., additional, Leone, S., additional, Persichetti, E., additional, Grassi, F., additional, Ianiro, G., additional, Rizzati, G., additional, Napoli, M., additional, Matteo, M.V., additional, Mora, V., additional, Fanali, C., additional, Leonetti, A., additional, Benedettelli, S., additional, Cammarota, G., additional, and Gasbarrini, A., additional

Published
2019
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16. Environment and genotype effects on antioxidant properties of organically grown wheat varieties: a 3-year study

Author

DI SILVESTRO, R. ., DI LORETO, A., BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, Benedettelli, S., SEGURA CARRETERO, A., DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, R ., DI LORETO, A., Bosi, S., Bregola, V., Marotti, I., Benedettelli, S., SEGURA-CARRETERO, A., and Dinelli, G

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Genotype, antioxidant activity, Antioxidants, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Phenols, Species Specificity, organic farming, wheat, Humans, Triticum, Flavonoids, Organic Agriculture, Molecular Structure, Discriminant Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Pigments, Biological, Carotenoids, carotenoid, HPLC-MS, polyphenol, Italy, Solubility, Seeds, Food, Organic, Nutritive Value
Abstract

Wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.) possesses significant amounts of antioxidants that contribute to the dietary antiradical protection against a number of chronic diseases. Despite the increasing interest in organic food among both consumers and scientists, the availability of literature studies concerning the environment effect under organic management is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wheat varieties by considering the genotype response to different environmental factors under biodynamic management.The soluble fraction of phenolic compounds was mainly determined by the environment, whereas a major genotypic effect was observed for the bound forms, which were present at higher amounts in red grain varieties. Moreover, a predominant effect of genotype was observed for yellow pigment content and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP method. Despite some changes induced by environment, most genotypes had stable antioxidant properties and different phenolic profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for the old variety Inallettabile, which was the most sensitive to environmental fluctuations.The red grain varieties Andriolo, Gentil rosso and Verna were identified as the most promising breeding material for the development of varieties with high nutraceutical value under low-input management. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2016

20. Aspetti agronomici , proprietà nutrizionali e nutraceutiche di varietà di frumento tenero (Triticum aestivum L.) coltivate a basso input

Author

DINELLI, GIOVANNI, MAROTTI, ILARIA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, ACCORSI, MATTIA, DI LORETO, ALESSANDRO, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Benedettelli S., Ghiselli L., Dinelli G., Marotti I., Di Silvestro R., Bosi S., Bregola V., Accorsi M., Di Loreto A., Benedettelli S., Ghiselli L., and Catizone P.

Subjects
proprietà nutraceutiche, coltivazione a basso input, frumento tenero
Published
2012

21. Caratterizzazione nutrizionale e nutraceutica di Kamut® Khorasan e di frumento duro a differenti stadi di maturazione

Author

DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, ACCORSI, MATTIA, DI LORETO, ALESSANDRO, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Benedettelli S., Whittaker A., Quinn R., Dinelli G., Di Silvestro R., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., Accorsi M., Di Loreto A., Catizone P., Benedettelli S., Whittaker A., and Quinn R.

Subjects
Kamut, proprietà nutraceutiche, frumento duro
Published
2012

22. Health-promoting phytochemicals of Italian common wheat varieties grown under low-input agricultural management

Author

DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, SEGURA CARRETERO A., SEDEJ I., MANDIC A., SAKAC M., BENEDETTELLI S., DI SILVESTRO R., MAROTTI I., BOSI S., BREGOLA V., SEGURA CARRETERO A., SEDEJ I., MANDIC A., SAKAC M., BENEDETTELLI S., and DINELLI G.

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Dietary Fiber, Organic Agriculture, dietary fibre, Flour, food and beverages, Polyphenols, Reproducibility of Results, Tocopherols, Green Chemistry Technology, Carotenoids, Antioxidants, Italy, Species Specificity, Functional Food, wheat, old varietie, Seeds, Food Quality, Humans, Food, Organic, Seasons, Nutritive Value, Triticum
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The increasing interest in organic food products and environmental friendly practices has emphasised the importance of selecting crop varieties suitable for the low-input sector. Moreover, in recent years the relationship between diet and human health has gained much attention among consumers. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the agronomic performance and the nutrient and phytochemical composition of old and modern Italian wheat genotypes grown under low-input management. RESULTS: Research highlighted that several old wheat genotypes were comparable to the modern ones in terms of agronomic performance and nutrient content. Genotype and environmental conditions (growing season), as well as their interaction, significantly affected the phytochemical composition of wheat grains for most of the analysed bioactive compounds. High variability was observed among the wheat genotypes for dietary fibre (154.7–183.3 g kg−1), polyphenol (1.94–2.77 mg g−1), tocopherol (9.1–21.2mg kg−1) and carotenoid (701.4–3243 μg kg−1) content. CONCLUSION: The comparative study of old and modern wheat varieties highlighted that, under low-input conditions, ancient genotypes may equal modern ones in terms of agronomic traits and additionally provide nutraceutical value-added wheat grains. The most promising ancient varieties for the unique phytochemical profiles are Gentil rosso, Marzuolo d’aqui and Verna.

Published
2011

23. Miglioramento degli standard qualitativi delle produzioni dei seminativi

Author

Benedettelli S., DINELLI, GIOVANNI, Benedettelli S., and Dinelli G.

Subjects
Standard qualitativi, Qualità alimentare, Qualità funzionale, Colture erbacee
Abstract

Nell'ambito delle produzioni agricole possono essere considerati diversi aspetti per definire il concetto di qualità, che può comprendere aspetti tecnologici, sanitari e funzionali. La complessità nel definire la qualità e gli aspetti da considerare per ottenere una valutazione globale dell'alimento, rendono la valutazione molto complicata. Per anni il miglioramento genetico, e le tecniche agronomiche, sono stati orientati nel definire parametri legati alle caratteristiche produttive e tecnologiche, ignorando quasi del tutto gli aspetti legati alla nutrizione. Oggi con le nuove tecnologie di analisi è possibile valutare molto più integralmente un prodotto ottenuto dall'attività agricola, considerando tutti quei metaboliti secondari che sono spesso responsabili del sapore, dell'odore e delle qualità funzionali di un alimento. Quindi è possibile orientare il miglioramento genetico e le tecniche agronomiche, per ottenere il giusto compromesso tra gli aspetti produttivi, tecnologici, sanitari e di qualità alimentare e funzionale, per ottenere prodotti nel rispetto dell'ambiente e dell'organismo che se ne nutre.

Published
2011

24. Profili Metabolomici di Varietà Antiche e Moderne di Frumento Tenero (Triticum aestivum L.)

Author

DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Ghiselli L., Whittaker A., Benedettelli S., Segura Carretero A., Dinelli G., Di Silvestro R., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., Catizone P., Ghiselli L., Whittaker A., Benedettelli S., and Segura-Carretero A.

Abstract

Il grande interesse rivolto attualmente ai benefici derivanti dal consumo di alimenti funzionali, ha portato alla caratterizzazione di composti fitochimici presenti nei cereali e nelle diverse varietà. In questo contesto le cultivar antiche svolgono un ruolo di primo piano, in quanto caratterizzate da un peculiare contenuto in composti funzionali che conferisce loro spiccate proprietà nutraceutiche. Nella presente ricerca 16 varietà antiche (“Andriolo”, “Autonomia A”, “Autonomia B”, “Benco”, “Bianco Nostrale”, “Canove”, “Carosello”, “Frassineto”, “Gentil Bianco”, “Gentil Rosso”, “Gentil Rosso mutico”, “Inalettabile”, “Marzuolo d’Aqui”, “Marzuolo Val Punteria”, “Sieve”, “Verna”) e 6 moderne (“Bilancia”, “Bolero”, “Eureka”, “Mieti”, “Nobel”, “Palesio”) di frumento tenero sono state caratterizzate per il contenuto in composti fenolici bioattivi tramite approccio metabolomico. Le analisi relative al contenuto totale in polifenoli e flavonoidi non hanno evidenziato differenze significative tra varietà moderne e antiche. Tuttavia, il profilo fitochimico qualitativo è risultato notevolmente differente tra le accessioni oggetto di indagine. Le analisi in HPLC-TOF-MS hanno portato all’identificazione di oltre 60 composti fenolici, tra i quali cumarine acidi fenolici, antocianine, flavoni, isoflavoni, protoantocianidine, stilbeni e lignani. Sulla base della similarità dei profili fitochimici i genotipi di antica costituzione sono stati suddivisi in due gruppi. Il gruppo formato da Bianco Nostrale, Frassineto, Gentil Rosso, Gentil Rosso mutico, Marzuolo d’Aqui e Verna ha evidenziato, sia nella frazione libera che in quella legata, un numero medio di composti fenolici e di isomeri totali significativamente maggiore rispetto alle altre varietà oggetto di studio.Tra le varietà moderne, i profili metabolomici più ricchi sono stati osservati per Nobel e Palesio. Il contenuto peculiare in composti fenolici bioattivi di alcune varietà di antica costituzione (Bianco Nostrale, Frassineto, Gentil Rosso, Gentil Rosso mutico, Marzuolo d’Aqui e Verna) suggerisce un loro utilizzo in programmi di miglioramento genetico finalizzati all’ottenimento di varietà con caratteri qualitativi di pregio ed un più elevato contenuto in composti benefici per la salute. Tra le varietà moderne, Nobel appare il genotipo caratterizzato da un contenuto quali-quantitativo in polifenoli bioattivi superiore rispetto alle altre varietà di recente costituzione.

Published
2010

25. Phytochemical profile of wheat: health-promoting compounds of old and new Italian varieties

Author

MAROTTI, ILARIA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, Segura Carretero A., Benedettelli S., Marotti I., Di Silvestro R., Segura Carretero A., Benedettelli S., and Dinelli G.

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

Numerous lines of research have categorized the cereals, within the context of a balanced diet, as having a protective function in human health. The relationship between the consumption of whole grain cereals and the reduction of chronic illness, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, strongly indicates the importance of functional properties contained in these foods. Such beneficial effects are partly attributed to the unique phytochemical content of whole grains. More recent studies on the health benefits of functional products from wheat have become increasingly more focussed on the importance of introducing phytochemicals through the use of different varieties. As a consequence, there is a renewed interest in the ancient varieties, particularly with regard to potential nutraceutical qualities. The aim of this research was to analyze the variability of the phytochemical profiles, with emphasis on health-promoting compounds, in a collection of soft (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (Triticum durum L.) wheat, comprised of old and new Italian varieties. For each genotype both grain quality parameters (ashes, glucides, lipids, proteins, micronutrients, gluten) and bioactive/antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, fibers, resistant starch, lignans) were investigated. In soft wheat varieties the old genotypes showed higher values of carotenoids, resistant starch, soluble dietary fibers, bound polyphenol fractions and lignans than those detected in modern varieties. Moreover, three lignan aglycon forms, namely arctigenin, isolariciresinol and syringaresinol, were exclusively identified in old wheat varieties (Dinelli et al., 2007). As regards durum wheat cultivars the superior functional quality of old grains concerned especially bound phenolic and flavonoid percentages, resistant starch and soluble dietary fibre contents. To summarize, results of the present study highlighted the high content and peculiar composition in bioactive compounds of most investigated old wheat varieties suggesting their uses into a wide range of regular and specialty food products naturally enriched with health-promoting compounds. Dinelli et al. (2007). Electrophoresis, 28, 4212–4219.

Published
2009

26. Profilo fitochimico di varietà antiche e moderne di frumento duro (triticum turgidum ssp. durum): caratterizzazione quali-qualitativa di composti fenolici bioattivi

Author

DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Ghiselli L., Benedettelli S., Segura Carretero A., Dinelli G., Di Silvestro R., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., Catizone P., Ghiselli L., Benedettelli S., and Segura Carretero A.

Abstract

Il grande interesse rivolto attualmente ai benefici derivanti dal consumo di alimenti funzionali, ha portato alla caratterizzazione di composti fitochimici presenti nei cereali e nelle diverse varietà. In questo contesto le cultivar antiche svolgono un ruolo di primo piano, in quanto caratterizzate da un peculiare contenuto in composti funzionali che conferisce loro spiccate proprietà nutraceutiche. Nella presente ricerca due varietà antiche (Senatore Cappelli, Urria), 7 varietà moderne (Anco Marzio, Claudio, Iride, Levante, Orobel, Solex, Svevo) di frumento duro (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) e un campione commerciale di Kamut (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) sono state caratterizzate per il contenuto quantitativo e qualitativo in composti fenolici bioattivi. Le analisi hanno messo in evidenza che i valori medi del contenuto in polifenoli e flavonoidi totali nelle antiche varietà (878.2±19.0 µmol di acido gallico equivalenti/100 g di granella e 122.6±25.4 µmol di catechina equivalenti/100 g di granella, rispettivamente) non differiscono significativamente da quelli ottenuti per le varietà moderne (865.9±128.9 µmol di acido gallico equivalenti/100 g di granella e 123.5±20.6 µmol di catechina equivalenti/100 g di granella, rispettivamente). Tuttavia le analisi di spettrometria di massa (RRLC-TOF-MS) hanno evidenziato notevoli differenze tra i profili fitochimici delle dieci varietà studiate. Le accessioni antiche sono risultate caratterizzate da un numero medio di composti fenolici e isomeri significativamente più alto rispetto ai moderni genotipi. Inoltre è stata riscontrata la presenza di composti unici nei profili fitochimici di alcune varietà analizzate. Il peculiare contenuto in composti bioattivi delle varietà antiche studiate ne suggerisce l’utilizzo come fonte di biodiversità per programmi di miglioramento genetico, nonché per ottenere un prodotto finale naturalmente arricchito di composti benefici. Ulteriori studi sono in corso allo scopo di completare il profilo fitochimico (contenuto in carotenoidi, fibre solubili e insolubili, amido resistente) in genotipi antichi e moderni di frumento duro e tenero (Triticum aestivum L.).

Published
2009

39. EFFECTS OF THE LACK OF PROTEINS CONTROLLED BY GENES AT THE GLI-D1/GLU-D3 LOCI ON THE BREADMAKING QUALITY OF WHEAT

Author

Benedettelli S., Margiotta B., Porceddu E., Ciaffi M., and Lafiandra D.

Subjects
GLIADIN, ELECTROPHORESIS, MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS, DURUM-WHEAT, food and beverages, HMW GLUTENIN SUBUNIT, STORAGE PROTEINS, ALLELIC VARIATION, BREAD-MAKING QUALITY, FLOUR QUALITY, HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-1
Abstract

Flours from the F4 progeny of a cross between the bread wheat cultivar Cheyenne and a line lacking gliadin components and low molecular weight subunits of glutenin controlled by the tightly linked genes at the Gli-DI and Glu-D3 loci were examined electrophoretically. Quality relationships were established using the SDS-sedimentation test. The results showed a large detrimental effect due to the lack of the above protein components, which was even larger than the negative effect observed when the null allele was compared with the 2* allele at the Glu-AI locus. The present results also indicated that the alleles of Cheyenne at the Gli-B1 locus were superior to those contributed by MG 27116. They also indicated the possible presence of effects due to gene interactions, which should be considered carefully in breeding programmes aimed at improving wheat technological properties.

Published
1992
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40. SEED STORAGE PROTEINS AND WHEAT GENETIC-RESOURCES

Author

LAFIANDRA, D, BENEDETTELLI, S, MARGIOTTA, B, SPAGNOLETTIZEULI, PL, and PORCEDDU, E

Subjects
genetic resources, storage proteins, wheat, food and beverages
Abstract

The subject is reviewed under the following headings: classification of wheat storage proteins; analysing wheat storage proteins (electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques); chromosomal location and genetics of wheat storage proteins; use of seed storage proteins in genebank activities (use of wild and cultivated species in exploiting genetic resources, studies of the genetic structure of germplasm and storage proteins and wheat evolutionary relationships); mutants for wheat storage proteins; use of storage protein variability in improving technological properties of durum and bread wheats; and storage proteins and nutritional value.

Published
1990

46. Seed Storage Proteins of <em>Triticum turgidum</em> ssp. <em>dicoccoides</em> and Their Effect on the Technological Quality in Durum Wheat.

Author

Ciaffi, M., Benedettelli, S., Giorgi, B., Porceddu, E., and Lafiandra, D.

Subjects
*DURUM wheat, *EMMER wheat, *ELECTROPHORESIS, *GLUTEN, *PLANT proteins, *SEED proteins
Abstract

F[SUB4] progenies of a cross between durum wheat cultivar 'Creso' and an accession of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides with high protein content were analysed by two different electrophoretic procedures (A- PAGE and SDS-PAGE). Variation of storage proteins at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-B3 and Gli-B1 loci was studied. Electrophoretic analyses have shown that parents contain different alleles at each of the four loci considered and that protein components of T. dicoccoides are uncommon among cultivated wheats. Recombination between the Glu-B3 and Gli-B1 loci was observed. To determine the effects of the allelic variants on gluten properties, F[SUB5] grains from every F[SUB4] line were analysed for protein content and SDS-sedimentation value. Gluten quality was strongly associated with the allelic type of proteins coded by the Glu-B3 locus and, to a lesser extent, to those coded by Glu-A1. Mean sedimentation value of progenies possessing the 'Creso' Glu-B3 allele was significantly greater than that showing the T. dicoccoides allele. High molecular weight glutenin subunits coded by the T. dicoccoides Glu-A1 locus were also associated with larger sedimentation values than null form of 'Creso'. Results of SDS-test, obtained for recombjnants between Glu-B3 and Gli-B1, confirmd that specific omega- and gamma-gliadins are only genetic markers of quality, whereas variation for LMW glutenin subunits coded at Glu-B3 is responsible for differences in gluten properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1991
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47. Storage-protein variation in wild emmer wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) from Jordan and Turkey. I. Electrophoretic characterization of genotypes.

Author

Ciaffi, M., Lafiandra, D., Porceddu, E., and Benedettelli, S.

Abstract

Seed storage-protein variation at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Gli-B1/Glu-B3 loci in the tetraploid wild progenitor of wheat, T. dicoccoides, was studied electrophoretically in 315 individuals representing nine populations from Jordan and three from Turkey. A total of 44 different HMW-glutenin patterns were identified, resulting from the combination of 15 alleles in the A genome and 19 in the B genome. Twenty-seven new allelic variants, 12 at the Glu-A1 locus and 15 at the Glu-B1 locus, were identified by comparing the mobilities of their subunits to those previously found in bread and durum wheats. The novel variants include six alleles at the Glu-A1 locus showing both x and y subunits. The genes coding for the 1Bx and 1By subunits showed no or very little (3%) inactivity, the 1Ax gene showed a moderate degree (6.3%) of inactivity whereas the gene coding for lAy showed the highest degree of inactivity (84.8%). A high level of polymorphism was also present for the omega- and gamma-gliadins and LMW-glutenin subunits encoded by genes at the linked Gli-B1 and Glu-B3 loci (19 alleles). Some Jordanian accessions were found to contain omega-gliadin 35, gamma-gliadin 45, and LMW-2 also present in cultivated durum wheats and related to good gluten viscoelasticity. The newly-discovered alleles enhance the genetic variability available for improving the technological quality of wheats. Additionally some of them may facilitate basic research on the relationship between industrial properties and the number and functionality of HMW- and LMW-glutenin subunits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1993
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48. Storage-protein variation in wild emmer ( Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) from Jordan and Turkey.

Author

Ciaffi, M., Lafiandra, D., Porceddu, E., and Benedettelli, S.

Abstract

Genetic diversity in the seed storage-proteins encoded at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Gli-B1/Glu-B3 loci was studied electrophoretically in 315 individuals belonging to nine populations of T. dicoccoides from Jordan and three from Turkey. The inter- and intra-population distribution of seed storage-protein alleles at the considered loci and its link with geographical factors were investigated. Population differentiation in seed storage-proteins was in some cases very high with very weak correlations with geographic distance. Greater gene differentiation was found within and between populations which were geographically very close in Jordan than between those from Jordan and Turkey. However the distribution of alleles appeared to be non random. Samples collected from populations at locations over 900 m above sea level were less polymorphic than those collected at lower altitudes (500-700 m), whereas the relative genetic differentiation between populations was greater between those collected at higher altitudes. Seed storage-protein differentiation was significantly correlated with the altitude of the collecting sites. Although it is difficult to point out the selective pressure of altitude per se, altitude can reflect an integration of several environmental parameters. The possible adaptive value of seed storage-proteins is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1993
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49. Geographic and climatic factors associated with the spatial structure of gene frequencies inCastanea sativaMill. from Turkey

Author

Pigliucci, M., Villani, F., and Benedettelli, S.

Abstract

Palynological evidence points to the north-eastern region of present day Turkey as the most probable area of initial domestication of chestnut (Castanea sativaMill.), after the Würm glaciation. Genetic data on chestnut are consistent with the above hypothesis. We have attempted a finer analysis of the spatial structure of isozyme polymorphisms in 13 populations from eastern and western Turkey. The main objectives were: (i) to determine if the observed spatial patterns are consistent with a patch-like distribution of genetic isolates, or with a mechanism involving long-range gene flow with admixture; (ii) to ascertain if there is some spatial pattern related to possible selective pressures; (iii) if so, to investigate if such pressures are likely to be due to some climatic factors. Our results suggest that long-range gene flow seems to be the major mechanism involved in genetic differentiation in Turkish chestnut. On the other hand, some alleles show a peculiar spatial pattern which could be associated with macro-climatic variables, in particular with the amount of rainfall.

Published
1990
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50. Evaluation of seed storage proteins in an entire commomn wheat collection from Nepal

Author

Benedettelli S., Margiotta B., Tomassini C., Porceddu E., and Lafiandra D.

Subjects
allelic variants, protein loci, gliadin, food and beverages, glutenin
Abstract

An entire common wheat collection from Nepal has been electrophoretically evaluated for its variation in storage proteins, gliadins and glutenins. Gliadin analyses showed the existence of an high degree of variation. The consistent presence of seeds lacking the entire cluster of gliadin components controlled by the 1D chromosome has been observed in some samples. These seeds were found to be present, in most cases, in mixtures with seeds having normal gliadin patterns, but some samples were made only by seeds without 1D controlled components. Higher incidence of these seeds was found in samples collected at higher altitudes. Variation in glutenin components was also quite large, expecially at the 1B and 1D complex loci (Glu-1 loci). Also in this case seeds without some glutenin subunits have been detected, but they did not show any apparent relationship with the altitude. New allelic variants at both Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci have also been detected.

Published
1989

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