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Abstract Background Fear of Hypoglycemia (FoH) in people with diabetes has a significant impact on their quality of life, psychological well-being, and self-management of disease. There are a few questionnaires assessing FoH in people living with diabetes, but they are more often used in research than clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and validate a short and actionable FoH screener for adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) for use in routine clinical practice. Methods We developed an initial screener based on literature review and, interviews with healthcare providers (HCPs) and people with T1D. We developed a cross-sectional web-based survey, which was then conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the screener. Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with diagnosis of T1D for ≥ 1 year were recruited from the T1D Exchange Registry (August–September 2020). The validation analyses were conducted using exploratory factor analyses, correlation, and multivariable regression models for predicting cut-off scores for the final screener. Results The final FoH screener comprised nine items assessing two domains, “worry” (6-items) and “avoidance behavior” (three items), in 592 participants. The FoH screener showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.88). The screener also demonstrated high correlations (r = 0.71–0.75) with the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey and moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, and diabetes distress scales (r = 0.44–0.66). Multivariable regression analysis showed that higher FoH screener scores were significantly associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (b = 0.04) and number of comorbidities (b = 0.03). Conclusions This short FoH screener demonstrated good reliability and validity. Further research is planned to assess clinical usability to identify patients with FoH and assist effective HCP-patient conversations.

Background: Fear of Hypoglycemia (FoH) in people with diabetes has a significant impact on their quality of life, psychological well-being, and self-management of disease. There are a few questionnaires assessing FoH in people living with diabetes, but they are more often used in research than clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and validate a short and actionable FoH screener for adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) for use in routine clinical practice. Methods: We developed an initial screener based on literature review and, interviews with healthcare providers (HCPs) and people with T1D. We developed a cross-sectional web-based survey, which was then conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the screener. Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with diagnosis of T1D for ≥ 1 year were recruited from the T1D Exchange Registry (August–September 2020). The validation analyses were conducted using exploratory factor analyses, correlation, and multivariable regression models for predicting cut-off scores for the final screener. Results: The final FoH screener comprised nine items assessing two domains, "worry" (6-items) and "avoidance behavior" (three items), in 592 participants. The FoH screener showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.88). The screener also demonstrated high correlations (r = 0.71–0.75) with the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey and moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, and diabetes distress scales (r = 0.44–0.66). Multivariable regression analysis showed that higher FoH screener scores were significantly associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (b = 0.04) and number of comorbidities (b = 0.03). Conclusions: This short FoH screener demonstrated good reliability and validity. Further research is planned to assess clinical usability to identify patients with FoH and assist effective HCP-patient conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the self-care level of individuals with heart failure. Method: a descriptive study, performed in a cardiology outpatient clinic in Salvador, Bahia, during the period of September and October, 2017 and January, 2018. Recorded interviews were performed using appropriate instruments and applying the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale (EHFScBs). Result: the sample comprised 43 individuals of the male gender (53.5%), between the ages of 51 and 60 years (34,9%), self-declared race/skin color black (46.5%), living with a partner (51.2%), low schooling (incomplete primary education 41.9%) and low income (39.5%). In relation to self-care, the average EHFScBs score was of 30.1 (±7.4). It was evidenced that 46.5% of the interviewed parties presented inadequate self-care capacity (total score between 31 and 50 points). Conclusion: self-care behavior was between moderate and unsatisfactory, suggesting the implementation of effective educational practices to enable individuals to handle the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Machine learning has the potential to identify neurodevelopmental disorders early. • Integrating easy-to-acquire behavioral instruments reached a high classification accuracy. • The classification accuracy of the models was comparable to that of senior pediatricians. • The visualized decision process may assist pediatricians in the diagnosis process. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental language disorder (DLD), and global developmental delay (GDD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders in early childhood; however, the differential diagnosis of these disorders is difficult because of overlapping symptoms. Drawing on a cohort of 2004 children with ASD, DLD, or GDD, this study developed machine learning classifiers using decision trees, support vector machines, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB), logistic regression, and neural networks by combining several easily accessible behavioral and developmental assessment instruments. The best-performing XGB model was further simplified into a two-stage decision model (TS-DM) to achieve better interpretability. Model performance was tested and compared with that of 12 pediatricians on an external dataset of 60 children. The accuracies of the resident pediatricians, senior pediatricians, TS-DM, and XGB were 53.3%, 66.7%, 75.0%, and 78.3%, respectively. Machine learning has the potential to identify these three neurodevelopmental disorders by integrating information from multiple instruments and thereby may increase our understanding of the roles of different behavioral and developmental characteristics in the different diagnoses. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stroke conditions numerous neuro-physiological deficits such as aphasia, attention disorder, motor functions, motivation and others. The cognitive factors are pointed out as the ones important for estimating the chances of success of the rehabilitation of the patients who had the stroke. The aim of the paper was to analyze the values of the behavior scale application to the follow-up of the rehabilitation success of these patients. The paper comprises the examination of 25 patients with the stroke, namely those who were clinically treated at the Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Nis. The scale was applied by the psychiatrist who estimated six parameters on the whole, namely, eye-following of the finger, possibilities of independent feeding, possibility of rehabilitation program completion, recognition of doctor, estimation of the surrounding situation and possibility of calling the staff. The estimates were: no, sometimes and yes. The overall score at the beginning and at the end was measured. The test turned out to be simple; the results are quickly estimated; that is why the test has importance in improving the estimation of the outcome of the rehabilitation undertaken by the patients with the stroke.

Youth in residential care have significant mental health needs, which require regular progress monitoring; however, very few emotional or behavioral assessments have been examined with this unique, high-risk population. This study examined the psychometrics of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS), a brief 24-item measure designed to assess the emotional and behavioral status of youth. This study examined the SFSS ratings from 143 youth with a disruptive behavior diagnosis living in a group-home facility in the Midwest and 52 of their service providers. Overall, the findings suggest that the psychometrics of the SFSS, when rated by staff or youth, were similar to the original outpatient clinical samples. More specifically, the Rasch analyses indicate that the SFSS items and the overall scale are performing adequately, and the confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-factor structure for staff. However, the fit of the two-factor model was less compelling for youth ratings. In all, the brief SFSS seems a promising measure for assessing problem severity for youth in residential care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study validity, reliability and adapt to Turkish that Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-PKBS-2 (2003) was developed by Kenneth W. Merrell. Sample of the research are composed of 3-6 years between the ages of 201 (including 102 girls and 99 boys) children. Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale has been used as data collection tool. The research data had used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for determining to the existing structure of the scale to determine the suitability of Turkish culture. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine between in the Turkish culture of original scale structures. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine between in the Turkish culture of original scale structures. Each items of the scale was calculated correlation with both of total factors as well as the total of all scale to determine whether be measured to concept. According to research results was considered to be adequate reliable for the items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Unhelpful behavior related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is often targeted and expected to change in treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapies. However, no scale has previously been produced to assess these dimensions. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an IBS-specific behavioral responses questionnaire. Methods: A total of 153 patients with IBS as diagnosed by a general practitioner completed the 28-item Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Behavioral Responses Questionnaire (IBS-BRQ). A total of 117 persons without IBS also completed the IBS-BRQ and were used as a control group. Tests of internal consistency and principal components analyses (PCAs) were performed on both sets of data. Results: The scale was found to be both reliable and valid with a high degree of internal consistency for both IBS patients (Cronbach''s α=.86) and controls (Cronbach''s α=.89). The scale differentiated significantly between IBS patients and controls (F=221, P<.01). The PCA supported a two-factor solution in both sets of data. Two items were removed from the scale due to low discriminative ability. The criterion validity was high as evidenced by a strong correlation with the Cognitive Scale for Functional Bowel Disorders (CS-FBD) (r=.67, P<.001). Conclusion: The IBS-BRQ is a valid and reliable scale that can be used for clinical as well as empirical purposes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Cognitive and behavioral impairment are a major source of disability in daily living of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised (NRS-R) is a short, easy-to administer interview tool developed to improve assessment by clinicians. Data are available on its criterion validity and reliability, but the concurrent validity of the French NRS-R was not yet documented. Objective. – To assess the concurrent validity of the NRS-R with current psychometric tests. Method. – One hundred and four patients with TBI enrolled in a community adjustment program underwent concurrent examination with the NRS-R, cognitive tests assessing memory, attention, and executive functions, and scales of anxiety (STAI) and depressive mood (CES-D). Intercorrelations were undertaken between these variables and the five factors of the NRS-R: F1, intentional behavior; F2, lowered emotional state; F3, survival-oriented behaviour/hightened emotional state; F4, arousal state; and F5, language. Patients were 82 men and 22 women, the mean age was 28.5 years, and 70% had severe TBI (Glasgow coma score [GCS] below 8 on admission). They were assessed 52 months on average after their injury. Results. – Factor F1 was correlated with results on the GCS (P &#60;0.05), the Tower of London test (TL, P &#60;0.01), the Trail Making Test (TMT, P &#60;0.01), divided attention (DA) and inhibition (IN) subscales of the Zimmermann and Fimm’s Attention battery (TEA) (P &#60;0.01) and reverse digit span (DS, P &#60;0.05). Factor F2 was positively related to age at injury, time since injury (TSI) (P &#60;0.05) and CESD and STAI scores (P &#60;0.001). Factor F3 was related to DA (P &#60;0.01) TL scores and TSI (P &#60;0.05). Factor F4 was related to TL, TMT, DA, flexibility, DS (P &#60;0.05), TSI, duration of post-traumatic amnesia, CES-D score (P &#60;0.05) and STAI scores (P &#60;0.01). Factor F5 was related to GCS, DA (P &#60;0.05), and reaction time on the subscales IN and Go/nogo (GO) of the TEA battery (P &#60;0.01). The NRS-R total score was related to CESD, STAI scores, TMT score, DA (P &#60;0.01) and TL score, IN and GO scores and TSI (P &#60;0.05). Discussion. – As McCauley et al found with the English version of the NRS-R, significant relationships were found between NRS-R factor scores, cognitive tests and emotional scales. Relationships were also found between factor scores and indicators of injury severity and time since injury. These data suggest fair concurrent validity of the NRS-R. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This research aimed to develop a Fetal Alcohol Behavior Scale (FABS) that describes the behavioral essence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE), regardless of age, race, sex, and IQ. Using a reference sample of 472 diagnosed patients with FAS or FAE, ages 2 to 51, five studies are described. The FABS demonstrates high item-to-scale reliability (Cronbach's α= 0.91) and good test-retest reliability ( r= 0.69) over an average interval of 5 years. It identifies many of the subjects with known or presumed prenatal alcohol exposure in detection studies using both prison and general samples. FABS scores also predict dependent living among adult patients with FAS/FAE. The FABS is uncorrelated with IQ, sex, age, race, and diagnosis (FAS versus FAE). We outline areas of further work to define the specificity and utility of this FABS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth in residential care have significant mental health needs which require regular progress monitoring; however, very few emotional or behavioral assessments have been examined with this unique, high-risk population. This study examined the psychometrics of the Symptom Functioning and Severity Scale, a brief 24-item measure designed to assess the emotional and behavioral status of youth. This study examined the SFSS ratings from 143 youth with a disruptive behavior diagnosis living in a group-home facility in the Midwest and 52 of their service providers. Overall, the findings suggest that the psychometrics of the SFSS, when rated by staff or youth were similar to the original outpatient clinical samples. More specifically, the Rasch analyses indicate that the SFSS items and the overall scale is performing adequately, and the confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-factor structure for staff. However, the fit of the two-factor model was less compelling for youth ratings. In all, the brief SFSS seems a promising measure for assessing problem severity for youth in residential care.

Abstract: To compensate for poor acute pain detection in elderly inpatients with inability to communicate verbally (ICV), the Doloplus Collective team devised the 5-item Algoplus® behavior-assessment scale specifically aimed at quickly detecting acute pain in these individuals. Algoplus® was developed in three successive phases, including expert opinions, caregivers interviews, patient video recordings and statistical procedures. Among the 1500 recorded primary pain behaviors, 48 were selected and clustered into a 5-item scale. This version was validated based on 349 old inpatients (204 with acute pain and 145 without) from different care settings and hospitals. Comparators were objective acute pain clinical situations, experts’ clinical judgment on acute pain presence, and self-rating scales (Visual Analog Scale, Numeric Rating Scale and Verbal Descriptor Scale) for a communicative subsample (n =134). Algoplus® showed good discriminant validity with adequate internal consistency (Kuder–Richardson-20, 0.712), excellent interrater reliability (intraclass coefficient, 0.812) and high sensitivity to change during specific pain situations and after starting pain management. Excellent correlations were observed between Algoplus® and experts’ clinical judgment, acute pain clinical situations or each comparator self-rating–pain score. For patients with acute pain conditions, a score ⩾2 out of 5 on the Algoplus® scale was retained as the threshold for the presence of acute pain in elderly ICV inpatients, with 87% sensitivity and 80% specificity. In addition, the very brief rating time of ∼1min is particularly relevant in acute-care settings, where repetitive pain-monitoring is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]