Applying Pleck's model of paternal involvement to the study of preschool attachment quality: a proof of concept study

Recent re-conceptualisation of paternal involvement (Pleck, J. H. (2010). Paternal involvement: Revised conceptualization and theoretical linkages with child outcomes. In M. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (5th ed., pp. 67-107). London: Wiley), while proving fruitful, has yet to be applied to investigations into what extent a father's level of involvement may affect child?peer interactions in the preschool age range, over and above the effects of mother?child attachment quality and socio-economic status (SES). Patterns of associations between attachment quality, sensitivity and general caregiving behaviours have also yet to be compared in equally involved mothers and fathers. Thirty preschool children (17 males:13 females) with similar SES profiles and their immediate caregivers participated in hour-long observations, conducted in the home. Even when attachment quality was controlled for, children with low paternal involvement were found to have higher levels of child?peer aggression. Further, patterns of effects between caregiver sensitivity, child?caregiver attachment quality and general caregiver interactions were similar for equally involved mothers and fathers. These preliminary data support the concept of applying Pleck's (2010) re-conceptualisation of paternal involvement to preschool attachment, and have implications towards the wider study of child?father attachment. Limitations of the current study and directions for future research are discussed.