Search

Your search keyword '"B. Johnsen"' showing total 366 results
Start Over Author "B. Johnsen"
366 results on '"B. Johnsen"'

1. Real-time UV index retrieval in Europe using Earth observation-based techniques: system description and quality assessment

Author

P. G. Kosmopoulos, S. Kazadzis, A. W. Schmalwieser, P. I. Raptis, K. Papachristopoulou, I. Fountoulakis, A. Masoom, A. F. Bais, J. Bilbao, M. Blumthaler, A. Kreuter, A. M. Siani, K. Eleftheratos, C. Topaloglou, J. Gröbner, B. Johnsen, T. M. Svendby, J. M. Vilaplana, L. Doppler, A. R. Webb, M. Khazova, H. De Backer, A. Heikkilä, K. Lakkala, J. Jaroslawski, C. Meleti, H. Diémoz, G. Hülsen, B. Klotz, J. Rimmer, and C. Kontoes

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

This study introduces an Earth observation (EO)-based system which is capable of operationally estimating and continuously monitoring the ultraviolet index (UVI) in Europe. UVIOS (i.e., UV-Index Operating System) exploits a synergy of radiative transfer models with high-performance computing and EO data from satellites (Meteosat Second Generation and Meteorological Operational Satellite-B) and retrieval processes (Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and the Global Land Service). It provides a near-real-time nowcasting and short-term forecasting service for UV radiation over Europe. The main atmospheric inputs for the UVI simulations include ozone, clouds and aerosols, while the impacts of ground elevation and surface albedo are also taken into account. The UVIOS output is the UVI at high spatial and temporal resolution (5 km and 15 min, respectively) for Europe (i.e., 1.5 million pixels) in real time. The UVI is empirically related to biologically important UV dose rates, and the reliability of this EO-based solution was verified against ground-based measurements from 17 stations across Europe. Stations are equipped with spectral, broadband or multi-filter instruments and cover a range of topographic and atmospheric conditions. A period of over 1 year of forecasted 15 min retrievals under all-sky conditions was compared with the ground-based measurements. UVIOS forecasts were within ±0.5 of the measured UVI for at least 70 % of the data compared at all stations. For clear-sky conditions the agreement was better than 0.5 UVI for 80 % of the data. A sensitivity analysis of EO inputs and UVIOS outputs was performed in order to quantify the level of uncertainty in the derived products and to identify the covariance between the accuracy of the output and the spatial and temporal resolution and the quality of the inputs. Overall, UVIOS slightly overestimated the UVI due to observational uncertainties in inputs of cloud and aerosol. This service will hopefully contribute to EO capabilities and will assist the provision of operational early warning systems that will help raise awareness among European Union citizens of the health implications of high UVI doses.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. GUV long-term measurements of total ozone column and effective cloud transmittance at three Norwegian sites

Author

T. M. Svendby, B. Johnsen, A. Kylling, A. Dahlback, G. H. Bernhard, G. H. Hansen, B. Petkov, and V. Vitale

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Measurements of total ozone column and effective cloud transmittance have been performed since 1995 at the three Norwegian sites Oslo/Kjeller, Andøya/Tromsø, and in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard). These sites are a subset of nine stations included in the Norwegian UV monitoring network, which uses ground-based ultraviolet (GUV) multi-filter instruments and is operated by the Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA) and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). The network includes unique data sets of high-time-resolution measurements that can be used for a broad range of atmospheric and biological exposure studies. Comparison of the 25-year records of GUV (global sky) total ozone measurements with Brewer direct sun (DS) measurements shows that the GUV instruments provide valuable supplements to the more standardized ground-based instruments. The GUV instruments can fill in missing data and extend the measuring season at sites with reduced staff and/or characterized by harsh environmental conditions, such as Ny-Ålesund. Also, a harmonized GUV can easily be moved to more remote/unmanned locations and provide independent total ozone column data sets. The GUV instrument in Ny-Ålesund captured well the exceptionally large Arctic ozone depletion in March/April 2020, whereas the GUV instrument in Oslo recorded a mini ozone hole in December 2019 with total ozone values below 200 DU. For all the three Norwegian stations there is a slight increase in total ozone from 1995 until today. Measurements of GUV effective cloud transmittance in Ny-Ålesund indicate that there has been a significant change in albedo during the past 25 years, most likely resulting from increased temperatures and Arctic ice melt in the area surrounding Svalbard.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Validation of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) surface UV radiation product

Author

K. Lakkala, J. Kujanpää, C. Brogniez, N. Henriot, A. Arola, M. Aun, F. Auriol, A. F. Bais, G. Bernhard, V. De Bock, M. Catalfamo, C. Deroo, H. Diémoz, L. Egli, J.-B. Forestier, I. Fountoulakis, K. Garane, R. D. Garcia, J. Gröbner, S. Hassinen, A. Heikkilä, S. Henderson, G. Hülsen, B. Johnsen, N. Kalakoski, A. Karanikolas, T. Karppinen, K. Lamy, S. F. León-Luis, A. V. Lindfors, J.-M. Metzger, F. Minvielle, H. B. Muskatel, T. Portafaix, A. Redondas, R. Sanchez, A. M. Siani, T. Svendby, and J. Tamminen

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. The S5P is a Sun-synchronous polar-orbiting satellite providing global daily coverage. The TROPOMI swath is 2600 km wide, and the ground resolution for most data products is 7.2×3.5 km2 (5.6×3.5 km2 since 6 August 2019) at nadir. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) is responsible for the development of the TROPOMI UV algorithm and the processing of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product which includes 36 UV parameters in total. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic areas were used for validation of the TROPOMI overpass irradiance at 305, 310, 324 and 380 nm, overpass erythemally weighted dose rate/UV index, and erythemally weighted daily dose for the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 August 2019. The validation results showed that for most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based data for snow-free surface conditions. The median relative differences to ground-based measurements of TROPOMI snow-free surface daily doses were within ±10 % and ±5 % at two-thirds and at half of the sites, respectively. At several sites more than 90 % of cloud-free TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based measurements. Generally median relative differences between TROPOMI data and ground-based measurements were a little biased towards negative values (i.e. satellite data < ground-based measurement), but at high latitudes where non-homogeneous topography and albedo or snow conditions occurred, the negative bias was exceptionally high: from −30 % to −65 %. Positive biases of 10 %–15 % were also found for mountainous sites due to challenging topography. The TROPOMI surface UV radiation product includes quality flags to detect increased uncertainties in the data due to heterogeneous surface albedo and rough terrain, which can be used to filter the data retrieved under challenging conditions.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Comparison of OMI UV observations with ground-based measurements at high northern latitudes

Author

G. Bernhard, A. Arola, A. Dahlback, V. Fioletov, A. Heikkilä, B. Johnsen, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, T. Svendby, and J. Tamminen

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The Dutch–Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board NASA's Aura spacecraft provides estimates of erythemal (sunburning) ultraviolet (UV) dose rates and erythemal daily doses. These data were compared with ground-based measurements at 13 stations located throughout the Arctic and Scandinavia from 60 to 83° N. The study corroborates results from earlier work, but is based on a longer time series (8 versus 2 years) and considers additional data products, such as the erythemal dose rate at the time of the satellite overpass. Furthermore, systematic errors in satellite UV data resulting from inaccuracies in the surface albedo climatology used in the OMI UV algorithm are systematically assessed. At times when the surface albedo is correctly known, OMI data typically exceed ground-based measurements by 0–11 %. When the OMI albedo climatology exceeds the actual albedo, OMI data may be biased high by as much as 55 %. In turn, when the OMI albedo climatology is too low, OMI data can be biased low by up to 59 %. Such large negative biases may occur when reflections from snow and ice, which increase downwelling UV irradiance, are misinterpreted as reflections from clouds, which decrease the UV flux at the surface. Results suggest that a better OMI albedo climatology would greatly improve the accuracy of OMI UV data products even if year-to-year differences of the actual albedo cannot be accounted for. A pathway for improving the OMI albedo climatology is discussed. Results also demonstrate that ground-based measurements from the center of Greenland, where high, homogenous surface albedo is observed year round, are ideally suited to detect systematic problems or temporal drifts in estimates of surface UV irradiance from space.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. High levels of ultraviolet radiation observed by ground-based instruments below the 2011 Arctic ozone hole

Author

G. Bernhard, A. Dahlback, V. Fioletov, A. Heikkilä, B. Johnsen, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, and T. Svendby

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Greatly increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation were observed at thirteen Arctic and sub-Arctic ground stations in the spring of 2011, when the ozone abundance in the Arctic stratosphere dropped to the lowest amounts on record. Measurements of the noontime UV Index (UVI) during the low-ozone episode exceeded the climatological mean by up to 77% at locations in the western Arctic (Alaska, Canada, Greenland) and by up to 161% in Scandinavia. The UVI measured at the end of March at the Scandinavian sites was comparable to that typically observed 15–60 days later in the year when solar elevations are much higher. The cumulative UV dose measured during the period of the ozone anomaly exceeded the climatological mean by more than two standard deviations at 11 sites. Enhancements beyond three standard deviations were observed at seven sites and increases beyond four standard deviations at two sites. At the western sites, the episode occurred in March, when the Sun was still low in the sky, limiting absolute UVI anomalies to less than 0.5 UVI units. At the Scandinavian sites, absolute UVI anomalies ranged between 1.0 and 2.2 UVI units. For example, at Finse, Norway, the noontime UVI on 30 March was 4.7, while the climatological UVI is 2.5. Although a UVI of 4.7 is still considered moderate, UV levels of this amount can lead to sunburn and photokeratitis during outdoor activity when radiation is reflected upward by snow towards the face of a person or animal. At the western sites, UV anomalies can be well explained with ozone anomalies of up to 41% below the climatological mean. At the Scandinavian sites, low ozone can only explain a UVI increase of 50–60%. The remaining enhancement was mainly caused by the absence of clouds during the low-ozone period.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers calibrated by seven UV calibration facilities in Europe and the USA

Author

G. Hülsen, J. Gröbner, A. Bais, M. Blumthaler, P. Disterhoft, B. Johnsen, K. O. Lantz, C. Meleti, J. Schreder, J. M. Vilaplana Guerrero, and L. Ylianttila

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A bi-lateral intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers was performed between seven UV calibration facilities. The calibrations provided by the instruments owners were compared relative to the characterisation and calibration performed at PMOD/WRC in Davos, Switzerland. The calibration consisted in the determination of the spectral and angular response of the radiometer, followed by an absolute calibration performed outdoors relative to a spectroradiometer which provided the absolute reference. The characterization of the detectors in the respective laboratories are in good agreement: The determinations of the angular responses have deviations below ±4% and the spectral responses agree within ±20%. A "blind" intercomparison of the erythemally weighted irradiances derived by the respective institutes and PMOD/WRC showed consistent measurements to within ±2% for the majority of institutes. One institute showed slightly larger deviation of 10%. The differences found between the different instrument calibrations are all within the combined uncertainty of the calibration.

Published
2008

7. Hourly resolved cloud modification factors in the ultraviolet

Author

H. Staiger, P. N. den Outer, A. F. Bais, U. Feister, B. Johnsen, and L. Vuilleumier

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Cloud impacts on the transfer of ultraviolet (UV) radiation through the atmosphere can be assessed by using a cloud modification factor (CMF). CMF, which is based on total global solar irradiation (SOLCMF), has proved to be a solid basis to derive CMFs for the UV radiation (UVCMF). This is an advantage, because total global irradiance, the basis for SOLCMF, is frequently measured and forecasted by numerical weather prediction systems and includes all relevant effects for radiation transmission, such as cloud optical depth, different cloud layers, multiple reflection, as well as the distinct difference as to whether the solar disc is obscured by clouds or not. In the UV range clouds decrease the irradiance to a lesser extent than in the visible and infrared spectral range. Thus the relationship between CMFs for solar radiation and for UV-radiation is not straight forward, but will depend on whether, for example, the solar zenith angle (SZA) and wavelength band or action spectrum in the UV have been taken into consideration. Den Outer et al. provide a UVCMF algorithm on a daily basis, which accounts for these influences. It requires as input a daily SOLCMF and the SZA at noon. The calculation of SOLCMF uses the clear-sky algorithm of the European Solar Radiation Atlas to account for varying turbidity impacts. The algorithm's capability to derive hourly UVCMFs based on the SZA at the corresponding hour and its worldwide applicability is validated for erythemal UV using observational data retrieved from the databases of the COST-Action 726 on "Long-term changes and climatology of UV radiation over Europe" and the USDA UV-B Monitoring Program. The clear-sky part of the models has proved to be of good quality. Accumulated to daily doses it forms a tight cluster of points to the highest measured daily sums. All sky model performances for hourly resolution are shown to be comparable in accuracy with the well performing daily models of the COST-726 model intercomparison.

Published
2008

8. Twilight tropospheric and stratospheric photodissociation rates derived from balloon borne radiation measurements

Author

A. Kylling, T. Danielsen, M. Blumthaler, J. Schreder, and B. Johnsen

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A new ligthweight multichannel moderate bandwidth filter instrument designed to be flown on balloons, is described. The instrument measures the radiation field within the short UV (center wavelength at 312 nm) and long UV (center wavelength at 340 nm). The angular and spectral characteristics of the instrument are discussed and the calibration procedure outlined. Measurements made during a stratospheric balloon flight at twilight conditions from Gap-Tallard, France, are presented and compared with state-of-the-art radiative transfer model simulations. The model simulations and the measurements agree within ±10% (±20%) for solar zenith angles smaller than 93° (90°) for the 340 (312) nm channel. Based on the model simulations of the measured radiation, actinic flux spectra are reconstructed. These are used to calculate various photodissociation rates.

Published
2003

9. Computational design of N-linked glycans for high throughput epitope profiling

Author

Per Greisen, Li Yi, Rong Zhou, Jian Zhou, Eva Johansson, Tiantang Dong, Haimo Liu, Laust B Johnsen, Søren Lund, L. Anders Svensson, Haisun Zhu, Nidhin Thomas, Zhiru Yang, and Henrik Østergaard

Abstract

Efficient identification of epitopes is crucial for drug discovery and design as it enables the selection of optimal epitopes, expansion of lead antibody diversity, and verification of binding interface. Although high resolution low throughput methods like X-ray crystallography can determine epitopes or protein-protein interactions accurately, they are time-consuming and can only be applied to a limited number of complexes. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a rapid computational method that incorporates N-linked glycans to mask epitopes or protein interaction surfaces, thereby providing an atomistic mapping of these regions. Using human coagulation factor IXa (fIXa) as a model system, we could rapidly and reliably delineate epitopes through the insertion of N-linked glycans that efficiently disrupt binding in a site-selective manner. To validate the efficacy of our method, we conducted ELISA experiments and high-throughput yeast surface display assays. Furthermore, X-ray crystallography was employed to verify the results, thereby recapitulating through the method of N-linked glycans an atomistic resolution mapping of the epitope.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Cell-Type-Specific Transcription of Innate Immune Regulators in response to HMPV Infection

Author

Simon Loevenich, Jostein Malmo, Ann Magritt Liberg, Tatyana Sherstova, Youxian Li, Kristin Rian, Ingvild B. Johnsen, and Marit W. Anthonsen

Subjects
Pathology, RB1-214
Abstract

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) may cause severe respiratory disease. The early innate immune response to viruses like HMPV is characterized by induction of antiviral interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory immune mediators that are essential in shaping adaptive immune responses. Although innate immune responses to HMPV have been comprehensively studied in mice and murine immune cells, there is less information on these responses in human cells, comparing different cell types infected with the same HMPV strain. The aim of this study was to characterize the HMPV-induced mRNA expression of critical innate immune mediators in human primary cells relevant for airway disease. In particular, we determined type I versus type III IFN expression in human epithelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and dendritic cells (MDDCs). In epithelial cells, HMPV induced only low levels of IFN-β mRNA, while a robust mRNA expression of IFN-λs was found in epithelial cells, MDMs, and MDDCs. In addition, we determined induction of the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 and critical inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IP-10, and IL-1β). Interestingly, IRF1 mRNA was predominantly induced in MDMs and MDDCs. Overall, our results suggest that for HMPV infection of MDDCs, MDMs, NECs, and A549 cells (the cell types examined), cell type is a strong determinator of the ability of HMPV to induce different innate immune mediators. HMPV induces the transcription of IFN-β and IRF1 to higher extents in MDMs and MDDCs than in A549s and NECs, whereas the induction of type III IFN-λ and IRF7 is considerable in MDMs, MDDCs, and A549 epithelial cells.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Sortilin regulates blood–brain barrier integrity

Author

Kasper B. Johnsen, Adrian Klepe, Charlotte Goldeman, Annette Burkhart, Paul J. Kempen, Morten Nielsen, Peter L. Møller, Dora V. Lipka, Maj S. Thomsen, Mette Nyegaard, Andrea E. Tóth, Thomas Lars Andresen, Andras Harazin, Torben Moos, Birger Brodin, and Hans C. Helms

Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway, tight junction, brain endothelial cells, blood–brain barrier, Blood–brain barrier, Biochemistry, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, medicine, Animals, adherent junction, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Blood-brain barrier, Regulation of gene expression, Tight junction, Chemistry, sortilin, Cell Biology, Rats, Cell biology, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood-Brain Barrier, cardiovascular system, Phosphorylation, Function (biology), Homeostasis
Abstract

Brain homeostasis depends on the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite decades of research, the factors and signalling pathways for modulating and maintaining BBB integrity are not fully elucidated. Here, we characterize the expression and function of the multifunctional receptor, sortilin, in the cells of the BBB, in vivo and in vitro. We show that sortilin acts as an important regulatory protein of the BBB's tightness. In rats lacking sortilin, the BBB was leaky, which correlated well with relocated distribution of the localisation of zonula occludens-1, VE-cadherin and β-catenin junctional proteins. Furthermore, the absence of sortilin in brain endothelial cells resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Akt signalling protein and increased the level of phospho-ERK1/2. As a putative result of MAPK/ERK pathways activity, the junctions between the brain endothelial cells were disintegrated and the integrity of the BBB became compromised. The identified barrier differences between wild type and Sort1-/- brain endothelial cells can pave the way for a better understanding of sortilin's role in the healthy and diseased BBB.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Violet-blue light exposure of the skin: is there need for protection?

Author

Ellen Bruzell, Terje Christensen, and B. Johnsen

Subjects
Skin protection, medicine.medical_specialty, Artificial light, Erythema, business.industry, Human skin, Dermatology, Skin Aging, Threshold dose, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, medicine.symptom, business, Blue light, Action spectrum
Abstract

Advocates of skin protection against blue light express concern about exposure to indoor lighting and electronic screens as well as natural outdoor exposure. However, the nature of adverse effects in skin is unclear and the doses to induce effects are unknown. We aimed to reveal whether there is a scientific basis for promoting skin protection against violet-blue light (400–500 nm, VBL). Based on published literature, we determined the time to reach a threshold dose that induced a biological response in human skin. In the absence of an action spectrum for effects on skin, we used a hand held probe with a defined spectral response and measurements of the unweighted exposure between 400 and 500 nm to estimate the exposure by a selection of artificial light sources and solar light. For comparison, an outdoor threshold erythemally weighted UV dose was set to 1 SED (standard erythema dose). Outdoor, weighted irradiances were obtained using a radiative transfer model. Induction of pigmentation in human skin tissue was the only consistently reported endpoint after VBL exposure of about 65 Jcm−2. This threshold dose was reached in 0.5 to 20 months of exposure to indoor lighting sources. In comparison, specialised medical sources reached this dose in 0.5 min to 45 h. The time outdoors to reach 1 SED was shorter than the time to reach a VBL threshold dose throughout all seasons. Skin protection against VBL is superfluous for exposures to domestic lighting sources or screens and for solar radiation; however, it may be advantageous for patients suffering from photosensitive diseases or taking photosensitising medication.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and melanoma risk

Author

Per Medbøe Thorsby, Tom Kristian Grimsrud, Trude Eid Robsahm, Lill Tove N. Nilsen, Nathalie C. Støer, B. Johnsen, Marit B. Veierød, Ronnie Babigumira, Judy R. Rees, Jo S Stenehjem, and Reza Ghiasvand

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Ultraviolet Rays, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Gastroenterology, Article, Body Mass Index, Young Adult, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Cancer epidemiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Vitamin D, Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin d, education, lcsh:Science, Melanoma, Aged, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Norway, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, lcsh:R, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Female, lcsh:Q, business, Body mass index, Biomarkers
Abstract

Previous studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in relation to melanoma have shown conflicting results. We conducted a nested case–control study of 708 cases and 708 controls, using prediagnostically collected serum, to study 25(OH)D and melanoma risk in the population-based Janus Serum Bank Cohort. Stratified Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for ultraviolet radiation (UVR) indicators and stratified by ambient UVB of residence and body mass index (BMI). Non-linear associations were studied by restricted cubic splines. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation by chained equations. We found an HR of melanoma risk of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.04) and an HRimputed of 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.04) per 5-nmol/L increase. The spline model showed exposure-risk curves with significantly reduced melanoma risk between 60 and 85 nmol/L 25(OH)D (reference 50 nmol/L). Non-significant J-shaped curves were found in sub-analyses of subjects with high ambient UVB of residence and of subjects with BMI 2. Our data did not yield persuasive evidence for an association between 25(OH)D and melanoma risk overall. Serum levels within the medium range might be associated with reduced risk, an association possibly mediated by BMI.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. The SensorOverlord predicts the accuracy of measurements with ratiometric biosensors

Author

Julian A Stanley, Sean B Johnsen, and Javier Apfeld

Subjects
lcsh:Medicine, Biosensing Techniques, macromolecular substances, Development, Biochemistry, Signal, Article, Fluorescence, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Animals, Histidine, lcsh:Science, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Spectral properties, lcsh:R, technology, industry, and agriculture, Fluorescent proteins, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, NAD, Glutathione, Microscopy, Fluorescence, lcsh:Q, Biological system, Oxidation-Reduction, Biosensor, Software, NADP, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Two-state ratiometric biosensors change conformation and spectral properties in response to specific biochemical inputs. Much effort over the past two decades has been devoted to engineering biosensors specific for ions, nucleotides, amino acids, and biochemical potentials. The utility of these biosensors is diminished by empirical errors in fluorescence-ratio signal measurement, which reduce the range of input values biosensors can measure accurately. Here, we present a formal framework and a web-based tool, the SensorOverlord, that predicts the input range of two-state ratiometric biosensors given the experimental error in measuring their signal. We demonstrate the utility of this tool by predicting the range of values that can be measured accurately by biosensors that detect pH, NAD+, NADH, NADPH, histidine, and glutathione redox potential. The SensorOverlord enables users to compare the predicted accuracy of biochemical measurements made with different biosensors, and subsequently select biosensors that are best suited for their experimental needs.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Author response for 'Sortilin regulates blood‐brain barrier integrity'

Author

null Andrea E. Toth, null Hans C. Helms, null Andras Harazin, null Kasper B. Johnsen, null Charlotte Goldeman, null Annette Burkhart, null Maj S. Thomsen, null Paul J. Kempen, null Adrian Klepe, null Dora V. Lipka, null Peter L. Møller, null Thomas L. Andresen, null Mette Nyegaard, null Torben Moos, null Birger Brodin, and null Morten S. Nielsen

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Deciphering osteoarthritis genetics across 826,690 individuals from 9 populations

Author

Cindy G. Boer, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Lorraine Southam, Lilja Stefánsdóttir, Yanfei Zhang, Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida, Tian T. Wu, Jie Zheng, April Hartley, Maris Teder-Laving, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Chikashi Terao, Eleni Zengini, George Alexiadis, Andrei Barysenka, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Maiken E. Gabrielsen, Arthur Gilly, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Marianne B. Johnsen, Helgi Jonsson, Margreet Kloppenburg, Almut Luetge, Sigrun H. Lund, Reedik Mägi, Massimo Mangino, Rob R.G.H.H. Nelissen, Manu Shivakumar, Julia Steinberg, Hiroshi Takuwa, Laurent F. Thomas, Margo Tuerlings, George C. Babis, Jason Pui Yin Cheung, Jae Hee Kang, Peter Kraft, Steven A. Lietman, Dino Samartzis, P. Eline Slagboom, Kari Stefansson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Jonathan H. Tobias, André G. Uitterlinden, Bendik Winsvold, John-Anker Zwart, George Davey Smith, Pak Chung Sham, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Tom R. Gaunt, Andrew P. Morris, Ana M. Valdes, Aspasia Tsezou, Kathryn S.E. Cheah, Shiro Ikegawa, Kristian Hveem, Tõnu Esko, J. Mark Wilkinson, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Ming Ta Michael Lee, Joyce B.J. van Meurs, Unnur Styrkársdóttir, Eleftheria Zeggini, John Loughlin, Nigel Arden, Fraser Birrell, Andrew Carr, Panos Deloukas, Michael Doherty, Andrew W. McCaskie, William E.R. Ollier, Ashok Rai, Stuart H. Ralston, Tim D. Spector, Gillian A. Wallis, Amy E. Martinsen, Cristen Willer, Egil Andreas Fors, Ingunn Mundal, Knut Hagen, Kristian Bernhard Nilsen, Marie Udnesseter Lie, Sigrid Børte, Ben Brumpton, Jonas Bille Nielsen, Lars G. Fritsche, Wei Zhou, Ingrid Heuch, Kjersti Storheim, Evangelos Tyrpenou, Athanasios Koukakis, Dimitrios Chytas, Dimitrios Stergios Evangelopoulos, Chronopoulos Efstathios, Spiros Pneumaticos, Vasileios S. Nikolaou, Konstantinos Malizos, Lydia Anastasopoulou, Goncalo Abecasis, Aris Baras, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Andrew Deubler, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Katia Karalis, Katherine Siminovitch, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Boris Boutkov, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Olga Krasheninina, Rouel Lanche, Adam J. Mansfield, Evan K. Maxwell, Mona Nafde, Sean O’Keeffe, Max Orelus, Razvan Panea, Tommy Polanco, Ayesha Rasool, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Dadong Li, Deepika Sharma, Ilanjana Banerjee, Jonas Bovijn, Adam Locke, Niek Verweij, Mary Haas, George Hindy, Tanima De, Parsa Akbari, Olukayode Sosina, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Marcus B. Jones, Jason Mighty, Michelle G. LeBlanc, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, and Internal Medicine

Subjects
Resource, genome-wide association meta-analysis, Disease, Osteoarthritis, effector genes, Biology, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Drug Targets, Effector Genes, Functional Genomics, Genetic Architecture, Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis, Spine osteoarthritis, Risk Factors, drug targets, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Sex Characteristics, Cartilage, Correction, medicine.disease, Phenotype, genetic architecture, Genetic architecture, ddc, osteoarthritis, Genetics, Population, medicine.anatomical_structure, Subchondral bone, Female, Functional genomics, functional genomics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Summary Osteoarthritis affects over 300 million people worldwide. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association study meta-analysis across 826,690 individuals (177,517 with osteoarthritis) and identify 100 independently associated risk variants across 11 osteoarthritis phenotypes, 52 of which have not been associated with the disease before. We report thumb and spine osteoarthritis risk variants and identify differences in genetic effects between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints. We identify sex-specific and early age-at-onset osteoarthritis risk loci. We integrate functional genomics data from primary patient tissues (including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and osteophytic cartilage) and identify high-confidence effector genes. We provide evidence for genetic correlation with phenotypes related to pain, the main disease symptom, and identify likely causal genes linked to neuronal processes. Our results provide insights into key molecular players in disease processes and highlight attractive drug targets to accelerate translation., Graphical abstract, Highlights • A multicohort study identifies 52 previously unknown osteoarthritis genetic risk variants • Similarities and differences in osteoarthritis genetic risk depend on joint sites • Osteoarthritis genetic components are associated with pain-related phenotypes • High-confidence effector genes highlight potential targets for drug intervention, A multicohort genome-wide association meta-analysis of osteoarthritis highlights the impact of joint site types on the features of genetic risk variants and the link between osteoarthritis genetics and pain-related phenotypes, pointing toward potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Brain tumor vessels-a barrier for drug delivery

Author

Casper, Hempel, Kasper B, Johnsen, Serhii, Kostrikov, Petra, Hamerlik, and Thomas L, Andresen

Subjects
Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain Neoplasms, Animals, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Glioblastoma
Abstract

Cancer treatment remains a challenge due to a high level of intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity and the rapid development of chemoresistance. In the brain, this is further hampered by the blood-brain barrier that reduces passive diffusion of drugs to a minimum. Tumors grow invasively and form new blood vessels, also in brain tissue where remodeling of pre-existing vasculature is substantial. The cancer-associated vessels in the brain are considered leaky and thus could facilitate the transport of chemotherapeutic agents. Yet, brain tumors are extremely difficult to treat, and, in this review, we will address how different aspects of the vasculature in brain tumors contribute to this.

Published
2020

18. Author response: Caenorhabditis elegans processes sensory information to choose between freeloading and self-defense strategies

Author

Francesco A Servello, Francis Raj Gandhi Amrit, Julian A Stanley, Olivier Mf Martin, Javier Apfeld, Sean B Johnsen, Matthias Eder, Stephanie V Stumbur, William T Serkin, Natalie G McGowan, Abigail L Vogelaar, Nicholas Stroustrup, Arjumand Ghazi, Yuyan Xu, William R Heath, Sarah J Brennan, Hannah Tam, and Jodie A Schiffer

Subjects
biology, Sensory system, Self defense, Psychology, biology.organism_classification, Neuroscience, Caenorhabditis elegans
Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Caenorhabditis elegansprocesses sensory information to choose between freeloading and self-defense strategies

Author

Sean B Johnsen, Sarah J Brennan, Hannah Tam, Julian A Stanley, Jodie A Schiffer, Stephanie V Stumbur, Natalie G McGowan, William T Serkin, Arjumand Ghazi, Yuyan Xu, William R Heath, Francis Raj Gandhi Amrit, Abigail L Vogelaar, Javier Apfeld, and Francesco A Servello

Subjects
Multicellular organism, Nematode, medicine, Local environment, Sensory system, Self defense, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, Escherichia coli, Organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cell biology
Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide is the preeminent chemical weapon that organisms use for combat. Individual cells rely on conserved defenses to prevent and repair peroxide-induced damage, but whether similar defenses might be coordinated across cells in animals remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a neuronal circuit in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansthat processes information perceived by two sensory neurons to control the induction of hydrogen-peroxide defenses in the organism. We found that catalases produced byEscherichia coli, the nematode’s food source, can deplete hydrogen peroxide from the local environment and thereby protect the nematodes. In the presence ofE. coli, the nematode’s neurons signal via TGFβ-insulin/IGF1 relay to target tissues to repress expression of catalases and other hydrogen-peroxide defenses. This adaptive strategy is the first example of a multicellular organism modulating its defenses when it expects to freeload from the protection provided by molecularly orthologous defenses from another species.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Deciphering osteoarthritis genetics across 826,690 individuals from 9 populations

Author

arcOGEN Consortium, HUNT All-In Pain, ARGO Consortium, Regeneron Genetics Center, C.G. (Cindy) Boer, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Lorraine Southam, Lilja Stefánsdóttir, Yanfei Zhang, R. Coutinho de Almeida, Tian T. Wu, Jie Zheng, AE (April) Hartley, Maris Teder-Laving, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Chikashi Terao, Eleni Zengini, George Alexiadis, Andrei Barysenka, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen, Arthur Gilly, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Marianne B. Johnsen, Helgi Jonsson, Margreet Kloppenburg, Almut Luetge, Sigrun H. Lund, Reedik Mägi, Massimo Mangino, RGHH (Rob) Nelissen, Manu Shivakumar, Julia Steinberg, Hiroshi Takuwa, Laurent F. Thomas, Margo Tuerlings, John Loughlin, Nigel Arden, Fraser Birrell, Andrew Carr, Panos Deloukas, Michael Doherty, Andrew W. McCaskie, William E.R. Ollier, Ashok Rai, Stuart H. Ralston, Tim D. Spector, Gillian A. Wallis, Amy E. Martinsen, Cristen Willer, N (Niek) Verweij, PJA (Peter) van Kraft, A.G. (André) Uitterlinden, J.B.J. (Joyce) van Meurs, arcOGEN Consortium, HUNT All-In Pain, ARGO Consortium, Regeneron Genetics Center, C.G. (Cindy) Boer, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Lorraine Southam, Lilja Stefánsdóttir, Yanfei Zhang, R. Coutinho de Almeida, Tian T. Wu, Jie Zheng, AE (April) Hartley, Maris Teder-Laving, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Chikashi Terao, Eleni Zengini, George Alexiadis, Andrei Barysenka, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen, Arthur Gilly, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Marianne B. Johnsen, Helgi Jonsson, Margreet Kloppenburg, Almut Luetge, Sigrun H. Lund, Reedik Mägi, Massimo Mangino, RGHH (Rob) Nelissen, Manu Shivakumar, Julia Steinberg, Hiroshi Takuwa, Laurent F. Thomas, Margo Tuerlings, John Loughlin, Nigel Arden, Fraser Birrell, Andrew Carr, Panos Deloukas, Michael Doherty, Andrew W. McCaskie, William E.R. Ollier, Ashok Rai, Stuart H. Ralston, Tim D. Spector, Gillian A. Wallis, Amy E. Martinsen, Cristen Willer, N (Niek) Verweij, PJA (Peter) van Kraft, A.G. (André) Uitterlinden, and J.B.J. (Joyce) van Meurs

Abstract

Osteoarthritis affects over 300 million people worldwide. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association study meta-analysis across 826,690 individuals (177,517 with osteoarthritis) and identify 100 independently associated risk variants across 11 osteoarthritis phenotypes, 52 of which have not been associated with the disease before. We report thumb and spine osteoarthritis risk variants and identify differences in genetic effects between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints. We identify sex-specific and early age-at-onset osteoarthritis risk loci. We integrate functional genomics data from primary patient tissues (including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and osteophytic cartilage) and identify high-confidence effector genes. We provide evidence for genetic correlation with phenotypes related to pain, the main disease symptom, and identify likely causal genes linked to neuronal processes. Our results provide insights into key molecular players in disease processes and highlight attractive drug targets to accelerate translation.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Food Flavor and Safety

Author

ARTHUR M. SPANIER, HIDEO OKAI, MASAHIRO TAMURA, PETER B. JOHNSEN, A. M. Spanier, John N. Labows, Robert H. Cagan, Kozo Nakamura, Hideo Okai, Gaston Vernin, Jacques Metzger, Adel A. M. Sultan, Ahmed K. El-Shafei, Cyril Párkányi, Allen J. St. Angelo, A. M. Spanier, J. A. Miller, John R. Piggott, S. J.

Published
1993

22. Caenorhabditis elegans processes sensory information to choose between freeloading and self-defense strategies

Author

William T Serkin, Hannah Tam, Natalie G McGowan, Stephanie V Stumbur, Julian A Stanley, Nicholas Stroustrup, Arjumand Ghazi, Yuyan Xu, Jodie A Schiffer, Sean B Johnsen, Olivier Mf Martin, Sarah J Brennan, William R Heath, Francis Raj Gandhi Amrit, Javier Apfeld, Matthias Eder, Francesco A Servello, and Abigail L Vogelaar

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, TGFβ signaling, QH301-705.5, Science, hydrogen peroxide, Sensory system, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Biology (General), Caenorhabditis elegans, Hydrogen peroxide, insulin signaling, Escherichia coli, Organism, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, General Neuroscience, E. coli, stress response, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, sensory perception, Cell biology, Multicellular organism, 030104 developmental biology, Nematode, chemistry, C. elegans, Medicine, Developmental biology, Genètica, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Developmental Biology, Neuroscience
Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide is the preeminent chemical weapon that organisms use for combat. Individual cells rely on conserved defenses to prevent and repair peroxide-induced damage, but whether similar defenses might be coordinated across cells in animals remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a neuronal circuit in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that processes information perceived by two sensory neurons to control the induction of hydrogen peroxide defenses in the organism. We found that catalases produced by Escherichia coli, the nematode’s food source, can deplete hydrogen peroxide from the local environment and thereby protect the nematodes. In the presence of E. coli, the nematode’s neurons signal via TGFβ-insulin/IGF1 relay to target tissues to repress expression of catalases and other hydrogen peroxide defenses. This adaptive strategy is the first example of a multicellular organism modulating its defenses when it expects to freeload from the protection provided by molecularly orthologous defenses from another species., eLife digest Cells of all kinds often wage chemical warfare against each other. Hydrogen peroxide is often the weapon of choice on the microscopic battlefield, where it is used to incapacitate opponents or to defend against attackers. For example, some plants produce hydrogen peroxide in response to infection to fight off disease-causing microbes. Individual cells have also evolved defenses to prevent or repair ‘injuries’ caused by hydrogen peroxide. These are similar across many different species. They include enzymes called catalases, which break down hydrogen peroxide, and others to repair damage. However, scientists still do not fully understand how animals and other multicellular organisms might coordinate these defenses across their cells. Caenorhabditis elegans is a microscopic species of worm that lives in rotting fruits. It often encounters the threat of cellular warfare: many types of bacteria in its environment generate hydrogen peroxide, and some can make enough to kill the worms outright. Like other organisms, C. elegans also produces catalases to defend itself against hydrogen peroxide attacks. However, it must activate its defenses at the right time; if it did so when they were not needed, this would result in a detrimental energy ‘cost’ to the worm. Although C. elegans is a small organism containing only a defined number of cells, exactly why and how it switches its chemical defenses on or off remains unknown. Schiffer et al. therefore set out to determine how C. elegans controls these defenses, focusing on the role of the brain in detecting and processing information from its environment. Experiments looking at the brains of genetically manipulated worms revealed a circuit of sensory nerve cells whose job is to tell the rest of the worm’s tissues that they no longer need to produce defense enzymes. Crucially, the circuit became active when the worms sensed E. coli bacteria nearby. Bacteria in the same family as E. coli are normally found in in the same habitat as C. elegans and these bacteria are also known to make enzymes of their own to eliminate hydrogen peroxide around them. These results indicate that C. elegans can effectively decide, based on the activity of its circuit, when to use its own defenses and when to ‘freeload’ off those of neighboring bacteria. This work is an important step towards understanding how sensory circuits in the brain can control hydrogen peroxide defenses in multicellular organisms. In the future, it could help researchers work out how more complex animals, like humans, coordinate their cellular defenses, and therefore potentially yield new strategies for improving health and longevity.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Social Sciences in 2019

Author

Edward A. Fonchingong, Maria Passantino, Victoria Navarre‐jackson, Gabriela Wastl‐walter, Ahlam Lee, Tammy Tajeddini, Naqi Scandurra, Max O. Stoecker, Audrey Macedo, Rachel Roth, Victor W. Pérez‐armendáriz, Ştefan Cristian Gibbs, Frank Ștefănescu‐mihăilă, Leon Blanco Rivero, Bishawjit Malone, Antonia Carabelli, Sarah Pickel, Seyedesmaeil Mrugalska, Prafula Pease, Terézia Roper, Anna Anand, Martin Young, Susan Randle, Graham Harris, Edith Hudec, Anne Laure Hung, Cristina Martín Đorđević, Mario Fook, Hiroaki Keilman, Pia Ponticorvo, Marisa Ferreira, Jayne Osorio, Diane Doidge, Gary Rodrigues, Nadav Perez‐y‐perez, Stefano Paul, Carmen Rosa Gavini, Daniela De, Hariklia D. Škrinjarić, James C. Simonelli, Marion Bowman, John Otis, Snefrid Momsen, Ron Fitzpatrick, Ting Fai Yuan, Anna Lavoie, Antonio Barreto, António Adam, Paun Crohn, Sanghera, Marie Pierre Morgan, Anibal E. Tregua, Chun Sheng Gomes, Simon Cope, Chiara Chan, Tania Csiszár, Annamaria Passini, Carlos Freire Rodriguez‐modroño, Andromachi Tsikouras, David Hollin, Alina Schellekens, Tara Paixão, Dalia Ellis, Diane Maier, Idiano D’auria, Colter Elsabry, Alison Suppa, Christian Schneider, Liisa Ianole, Jona Schenk‐hoppé, Klaudia Snauwaert, Anna D’souza, Sonja Azadi, Peter Seibel, Adam McCaig, Paolo Postigo, Jinhong Yoe, Magdalena Sohaib, Betsy Taylor, Elżbieta Ladd, Silvia Purcell, Jennifer Prior, Darrell Roy, Carole Zuhdi, Brian Grande, Jean Charles Lantz, John Guijarro, David Mandić, Babak Ramlo, Cheryl M. Bradley, Leong Christensen, Stephanie McMahon, Gary Andreasson, Carina Darwin, Angela Shaw, Ben Hino, Andrea Skilodimou, Phillip Medina‐vicent, Esther Veintimilla, Ireneusz Milczarek‐andrzejewska, Dragana Rahimi, Sabina Němec, Jose Javier Blattner, Paul Lipinski, Dimitrios Napal, Hazel Connell, Adekunle Okorie, Sbiljana Dos Reis, Eleanor Testa, Vanda Parada Medina, Jude Ndzifon Klein, M. William, Fiona Gill, Anthony Quinn, William Safonte, Jonas Ciasullo, Erdal Avery, J. I.R.I. Klepp, Robert Magrane, Bettina Shepherd, Chris Prud’homme, Timothy Recio‐menéndez, Lakshman Wiseman, Don Wehr, Kwadwo Agudo Romeo, Ciprian Oke, Natalia Dabija, Nimrod Barbier‐greenland, Melissa Rosado Marzán, Petri Bodén, Monirul Jaakkola, Maciej Kuffer, Richard Smith, Jacquelyn D. Wilcke, Magdalena Raymond, Ronald Barragán‐escandón, John Sytsma, Hariz Hallgrímsdóttir, Osama Soldatic, Libuše Swigon, Rita Benli, Johanna Landrum, Domingo Ricci, Andy Chatzifotiou, David Baviera‐puig, Duane Rodger, Rachel Łopaciuk‐gonczaryk, John Connelly, Grischa Belford, Dmitry Rubira‐garcía, Heather Scott, Abu Bockerman, Carlos Tempelaar, Ana Almeida, Edward Delrosso, Alexis Doberneck, Chirjiv Anderson, Julie Aitken Schewe, Anamarija Grondys, Jasmina Lumley‐sapanski, José A. Ruiz, María J. Ide, Andrea Loughnan, Linnea Bönisch‐brednich, Michael Badulescu, Kay Tiziana, Aleksandar Erokhin, Jelena Walley, Theodora Mannell, Lauren Dvouletý, Seth C. McKendry, Emese Beáta, Tatiana Haas, Margaret Adiletta, Deedra McKee, Penny Milivojevic, Katherine Tyler, Gerardo Meringolo, Marta Campbell, Maria Pia Cava, Helga Hamada, Anatoliy Gonzalez Canche, Clem Herrero‐diz, Jon Hannouf, Kathleen Chen, Dalia Daniel, Sevaste Chell, Greg Stephenson, Giulio Gabriela, Edi Del Cerro Velázquez, Charlotte Blok, Alessandro Štefko, Dirk Ter Avest, Adalbert Falcone, Jennie Kleine, Dominika Miles, Quan Zadra, Jui Hsiang Lentner, Sunah Kimengsi, Gary Rose, Rebecca Goh, Csaba D’adamo, Camilla Camarero‐figuerola, Pilar Puertas Møllersen, Vassilis Karbowski, Claire Love, Beiyi Huang, Ana Margarida Barrett, Larry Nalmpantis, Giuseppina Adusei‐asante, Erika Palos‐sánchez, Diego Galiano, Lasse Bertella, Philippa Venco, Charlie Zippel, Cecilia Ribeiro‐soriano, Nicholas Połom, Theodor Fromm, Vladislav Živanović, Davide Severo, Lorraine Pickard, Tihana Slater, Li Chen, Renata Sillup, Corrado Lochtman, Rand Raciti, Joseph Prus, Łukasz Matuzeviciute, Jozef Cerchione, Louise Hossain, K. H. Ter Horst, An Nevgi, Jenny Necula, Wojciech Buckley, Nico W. Kelly, Shannon Guenther, Vicky Kavish, Christos Rowbottom, Francisco Del Vecchio, Jenevieve Männikkö Barbutiu, Hans Christian Garmann Jona, Dougherty Kewley, Fabiola Salin, Dorin Majic, Amin Mousavi, Marcelo Jorge De Pajares, Ilkka Nkogo, Stephanie Kim, Piotr Puiu, Ugo Ekblom, Colleen Linková, Gerard Cooper, Ien Aragon, Patrick Brewer, Anne Line Dʹamato, Sue Baker, Jen Scott, Wayne Bullaro, Michael Rosen, Alexander Caruso, Vsevolod Kopkin, Claudia E. Heo, Gerasimos T. Sorainen, Sarmistha Makarovič, Stoney Brown, Romina Fukuda, Eveline Charles, Robert Diogo, Araceli Gamo, Mostafa Nash, Eve R. Berntzen, Pasquale Marcello Faraldo Cabana, Oto Humbert, Gillian Abreu, Benjamin Bracci, Wei Shin Levac, Juan M. Magda, Daniel Gill, Alexandra Zelin, Tom Quinlan, Kate David, Neil Fox, Elhassan Erceg, Anna Tseloni, Hynek Roumpos, Daniela Conversi, Roger Lee, José Ramón Sayed, Patrizia Miciuła, John R. Cannito, Andrew Delgado, Manuel Gozdziak, Sheri Gherghina, Kenneth Pentaris, Sirkku Marczak, Cameron T. Whitman, Minna Lammi‐taskula, Isaías González Valero, Peter J. Doñate, Jose Lukic, Xuan Wharton, Beatriz Castro, Tor Eastman, Georgios Bates, Cristiano Schartner, Klaus Reiner Scherer, Rebecca Cruz Salazar, Maddalena Canonico, Maria Medyna, Helen Ayeb‐karlsson, Rebeca Cristina López Gonzalez‐benson, Luis Miguel Rončáková, Rafael Gray, Joseph Murakami, Jesus González‐lópez, Valeria Bostan, Gregory Whitehouse, Jason Eckhardt, Ann Halilovich, Piotr Phillips, Nirmalya Thiamwong, Fernando Sanz‐altamira, Lexie Schermer, Cinzia Zaharijević, Leo Van Huylenbroeck, Charlene Weenik, Diete Von Keyserlingk, Dale T. Soanes‐white, Angela Wołek, Richard Kramers, Mira Kang, Christopher Teignier, Luca Islam, Maarit Jagger, Christina Hook, Roxanne Conti, Jesús Sánchez Marvão Pereira, Paula Villacampa Estiarte, Marc Teixeira, Muhammad Zumeta, Stefan Seiz Puyuelo, Anna Giuffrida, Charles Che Fontana, Kathleen M. Quinn, Kayhan Tang, Alessandra Miron, Marko Velija, Michael Corsini, Karen Soldatos, Luis I. Amelina, Cecilia Matuszak, Grady Roberts, Paula Heyman, Nancy Quarmby, Sergiu Gherghina, Shelly Von Fintel, Roberto Certomà, Sue Sheridan, Jesper Ang, Maria Rita Thakur, Daniel Neven, Lawrence Wiersma‐mosley, Mei Chuan Hunt, Donizete Rodríguez Martín, Odessa Gonzalez‐feliu, Jameson Bridge, Domenico Sutton, Arijit Deckha, Daniele Conway, Anna Vlasblom, Anne M. Foster‐mcgregor, Maneesha Defrancesco, Neil Healey Akearok, Kathrin Zitricky, Sorin Busu, Alfredo Marzal‐felici, Keith Wandosell, Dana Peterson, Christopher Bañón, Isabel Macfarlane, Marcelo Calin, Lisa Berbel‐pineda, Yvette Boas, Mark Ferreira, Salvador García Ayllón Veković, Paulo Delgado‐romero, Maria Perry, Yoshiharu Fusco, Jappe Economou, Heleen Meil, Oláh Kalalahti, Ana Reynaud, Ian Rorie, Jennifer Cabral, Jonathan Koerner, Julia Evers, Beata López‐lópez, Scott Pierrakis, Josée Le Feuvre, Ronet Bader, David L. Morgan, Na Fucà, Janet Henshall Moniz, António Brandão Morea, Kristina Mauerer, Yinxuan Huarita, Elzbieta Gran, Jenny Dalby, Sol García‐machado, Julio C. Price‐wolf, Beth A. Thompson, Geoffrey Buente, Ladda Thijsen, Rezart Hu, Amber García, Roberto Ingwersen, Tina Fisher, Genine Hoornweg, Elisete Dirakis, Jennifer Popoli, Ellie Lee, Nolan Koral Kordova, Kabindra Man Shapiro, Terry V. Shea, Carolina Višnjić, Brigitte Bontje, Ernst Stafford, Konstantinos Kevin, Shifang Taylor, Janni Arcidiacono, Karen Heikkilä, Thomas Laurentsyeva, Jennifer Matijosaitiene, Tomomi Hanf, Ivana Činčera, Gadaf Reyes‐menendez, Stefano Ridaura, Holger Wilkes, Margarida Luis Ubago, Silvia Sari, Barbara Fearnley, Joya Mitchell, Marzena Synnott, Sanja Miller, Sarah Privitera, Javier Mason, Richard Harrison, Helen M. Croog, Eyal Lewinson, Alexandru‐ionut, Elissa Steirer, Katherine Sabol, Etienne Pleace, Panagiotis Tsogas, Kerstin Zbuchea, Zein Muro, Anders Blount, Jessie L. Kubon, Emma Bartkowski, Marta Evelia Aparicio García‐germán, Nadia Giuliani, Octavian Molero, Tammy Sobocińska, Kaija Collins, María Del Mar Alderson, Atiyeh Van Hove, Jill Svobodová, Athanasios Kuttner, Nish Bencivenga, Okechukwu Oncioiu, Dimitra Quam‐wickham, Joselyne Chenane Nobre, Giovanna Birney, Juan Vaezipour, Nick Gil‐lopez, Rodica Ibáñez‐gonzález, Katarzyna Lillard, Qihui Chen, Gemma Dombrowski, Yang Wasileski, Donato Moreau, Sabrina Assante, John Fisher, Karin Martín Aragón, Ken Rockerbie, Anwar Oxford, Marta Shakya, Petr Dundes, Eva Maria Schneickert, Amy White, Wookjae Herman, Tiffany Judit, Henrie Kepaptsoglou, Antonis Adamek, Annouchka Beazley, Lisa E.F. Knight, Ali Emre Benton‐short, Kevin Wei, Andrea Husu, José Luis Russell, M. A.N.C.I.N.I. Toft, Wiebke, Rima Williams, Mack D. Burlacu, Juan J. García‐ruiz, Katja Lockwood, Balihar Santos Silva, Tanja Johansen, Tobias Ijaz, Aneta Pierce, Gary Smardon, Rebecca Schiller, Katy Barnett, Silvia Misra, Gang Li, Dong Holleran, Rachel Mattisson, Ghulam Nackerud, Matej Malekigorji, Silja Klinkenberg, Javier Garcia, Jackie Smoląg, Lucy Williamson, Randy Stoffelen, Carlos Oswald, Brendan Laudal, Andrea Schwenke Wynn, Laura Connelly, Jarosław Neale, Haozhi Panek, Daisuke Muresan, Gaia Goddard, Lena Devaney, Paul Kużelewska, Caterina Arcuri, Terence Lucas, Linda Knowles, Jiri Pankowska, Jessica Ruban, Arye L. Hillman, Gerlinde Mayer, Helana Dashper, Julia Sánchez Sánchez, Markus Gerson, Rainer Ruiperez‐valiente, Marta Serdeira Azevedo, Giulia Carlbom, Jeffrey Henninger, Doris Weaving, Brittany Lange, Leah Lewin, Madhavi Gazzano, Vasilii Ertz, Linda L. Hagell, Nadzeya Lavizzari, Malgorzata Papadakis, Terry Moldovan, Lorraine Siemienska, Sandra Leaton Grbes, María Del Mar Martín, Olegas Niiniluoto, Luis Bar‐am, Miliann Kantamaneni, Brendan Shearer, Raul Naybor, Ionica Ormsbee, Christopher Behr, Heather Sheldon, Róbert Steglich, Victoria Tabe, Teresa Caron, Brandy Collin, R. Elise B. Johnsen, Dragan Pan, Lei Zufferey, Hartmut Beier, Randall Conley, Ramona Olivia Stefanini, José Antonio Rodríguez, Dario Atukeren, Alexander Torell, Hossein Bachman, Frank Li, Gabrielle Joelsson, Marco Borsellino, Ionel Bowl, Maria Clutterbuck, Stamatis Papafilippou, Aje Carlone, Galyna Mees, Ingrid Fu, Elisabetta Maria Verticelli, Ramon Ruiz‐real, Adrian Cantemir Callegari, Adriana Zajda, Michael Holmes, Esther Canosa, Paula Serrano Lopez, Luise Vranješević, Carmel Díaz, Gabriel Mukungu, Reinmar Seifert, Alex Loh, Mareike Klemes, J. Agustin Franklin, Patricia Fawcett, Roswith Roubík, Ian F. Shaw, Dumitru Mironeasa, Pedro Guilherme Rocha Doucek, Silvia Nunn, Martha McReynolds, Suchandra Pavliuk, Ondřej Dybo, John Godderis, Pasquale Delatolla, Alfonso J. Ginès Fabrellas, Kyoung Yim Kim, Art Alfaro, Gregory Toscano‐hernández, Eryk Kostelka, Kostas Konstantinov, Jan Foreman, Maria Vincenza Cimermanová, Antonio Eleazar Sesagiri Raamkumar, Mariusz Uribe‐toril, Fred Mather, Amparo Bayley, Abbas Azhar Abel, Danilo Maniou, Tesseltje De Languilaire, Lauren Dantas, Lena Hoang, Irina Matthews, Melissa Hipp, Paula Romero‐rodríguez, Jan Cipollina, Colin McClearn, Andreas Pieke, Esteban Veen, Stuart Franco, Jerome Reim, Tom Baker‐beall, Tobias Reichman, Marwa Hao, Dora Satybaldieva, Patrick Oakes, Frank Piekut, Muhammad Hoxhaj, Kate Lockwood Harris, Guido Van Nuland, Greg Newton, Donatella Prosser, Muhammad Roberts, Nicky Leakey, Kate Mukuni, Aleksandar Visvizi, Heather Campbell, Venurs Lomonaco‐benzing, Michela Pookulangara, Beata Muinos, Marcin Polsa, Barry Featherstone, David Charlwood, Ying Liczmańska‐kopcewicz, Enrico Bracken, Floyd Ortega‐sánchez, Angela Wyile, Ben Hine, Yannis Piguet, Feng Harman, Ilene Holm, Fernando Álvarez‐gonzález, Elham Baines, Nina Glick Schmidt, Milla Salom‐carrasco, Daniel Lorenzini, Borja Sarapura, Neil Hillman, Jegoo Lee, John Kenneth, Magdalena Mousavi, Layana Navarro, Simona Stadlober, Mark Dolores Molero, Silvia Mostowska, Gonzalo Wang, Marcela Links, Paulo Fetner, Diego Tisdall, Hayley Ratajczak, Adnan Underwood, Dan Cristian Dagg, Johanna Naser, Sebastian Kotter, Daniel R. Kawamura, Melanie D. Ouassini, Samantha Majumdar, Miriam Elizabeth De Filippo, Kimihiro Hinten, Anne Newbold, Paul El Khaled, David A.M. Petrisor, Chang Sup Partalidou, John Lo Storto, Robin Bartzas, Deborah Nazarczuk, Gregorio Rita, Marcin Wright, Catherine Vázquez‐cano, Arie Strang, Tan Meng Young, Muhammad Fazal Impicciatore, Gabriel González, Petrykowski, Bryan Dalsgård, Ana María Rexhepi, Francisco Gurko, Athina Edler, Manuel González Pérez, Adam Katsoni, Katarzyna Grugan, Amanda Thomas, Elizabeth Quinn Wroblewski, Myriam Everitt, George P. Simeon, Gavin Minello, Harriet Brereton, Selma Machimbarrena, Sarah Page, Dimitri Iseppi, Alina Bahmanteymouri, Jong Chan Kim, Orlando Goncharuk, Colleen Xu, Duncan Ul Haque, Joseph Zander, Carol Thompson, Andy Niakšu, Shirley Vanner, James A. Rodin, Relaño Pastor, Jeana Desimone, María Jesús Čentéš, Stephanie Konsolakis, Aimee L. Friedrich, Laura Del Carmen, Haydn Moscatelli, Mihail Butler, Manuel Reese, Jan Dirk Volsche, Harriot Beer, Josiah Hibbert, Predrag Zou, Gyorgy Jones, Panagiotis Perez, Elmira Saura, Neil Petcu, Roman Pearce, Susan Jagosh, Rosemary Carpenter, Anna Krienert, Hillevi Leong, Daniel Hopper, Ingrid Bockarie, Justin Jenkin, Monika Kungolos, Raúl Park, Cavallotti Rizwan, Filip Kot, Christina Henig, Grace R. Burke, Pedro Pamucar, Maria Radicic, Lennart Kapsalis, Sandra Byrne, Alice Brzoska, Mair Urbański, Aldo Mustafa, Michael Brzozowski, Michael Younus, Rosemary Pyrialakou, Encarnación Moral Palmesr, Dennis Edu, Magdalena Markvica, Dora Sanz, Anthony E. Lammi, Juan Manuel Berei, Iulia Cristina Murib, Edna Aliverti, John Bartram, Sigal Kosinski, Justin Detlefsen, Terri Li, Wan Jiun Ching, Antu Sørensen, Constance Fogarty, George Twamley, Laura A. Regner, Dobrotă Galan, Bing Yang, Xiaohe Xue, Hilary Whitley, Angelo Gebhardt, César F. Rose, Manyu Li, Moritz Ioannides, Aravind Settembre Blundo, Lidia Cai, Delfín Osgood, Tal Flanagan, Bernstein, Megan Bittle, Alice Vicente, Kimberly Seidler, Maryam Mallick, Liwen Chen, Bertie Russo, María Närvi, Robert Obrad, Steven Shell‐duncan, Aaron Zhang, Steven Black, Elli Hellmich, Jasmine Löther, Gwen Healy, Ryan Cochrane, Paul Gilhooly, Simon Dale, Ryan D. Wimalasena, Filippo Cristian, Marco Triandafyllidou, Csaba Lenz‐taguchi, Dave Brooks, Clarisa Perez‐vaisvidovsky, Luz Marina Didham, Giulia Casais, Sanjukta Pope, Ninna Nyberg Spanu, Komali Kaplan, and Yuzhou Cajias

Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences, lcsh:H, n/a, business.industry, Acknowledgement, General Social Sciences, Sociology, Public relations, business
Abstract

xx

Published
2020

24. Face-to-face promotive interaction leading to successful cooperative learning:Review study

Author

B. Johnsen, Selma Dzemidzic Kristiansen, and Tony Burner

Subjects
Cooperative learning, 050101 languages & linguistics, Applied psychology, Interpersonal communication, Educational research, Secondary education, Peer relationships, lcsh:Education (General), Education, Face-to-face, Classroom practices, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Primary education, Review study, small group contexts, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Childhood, cooperative learning, peer relationships, Asynchronous communication, face-to-face promotive interaction, Psychology, lcsh:L7-991, 0503 education
Abstract

This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. The article presents a review of 34 studies conducted from 1995 to 2017 focusing on face-to-face promotive interaction (FtFPI) factors that may lead to successful cooperative learning (CL) in small groups, as guided by the following research question: “Which FtFPI factors lead to successful CL in small groups?“ A manual and citation database search were used to find relevant studies. The findings indicate that students’ interpersonal behavior, their experiences and active participation in the CL process, communication and support to each other, and teachers’ influence on promoting students’ interaction leading to successful CL in small groups. Moreover, these factors may lead to students’ deep learning. However, the review suggests that systematic preparations must be made by both teachers and students if the CL is to be successful. Thus, more empirical research is needed to understand the complexity of students’ FtFPI and to investigate the development of FtFPI based on students’ and teachers’ experiences in small CL groups.

Published
2019

25. Anthropometric factors and Breslow thickness: prospective data on 2570 cases of cutaneous melanoma in the population-based Janus Cohort

Author

Tom Kristian Grimsrud, Trude Eid Robsahm, Nathalie C. Støer, Marit B. Veierød, Lill Tove N. Nilsen, Ronnie Babigumira, Judy R. Rees, Reza Ghiasvand, Jo S Stenehjem, and B. Johnsen

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Body Surface Area, Dermatology, Gastroenterology, Body Mass Index, Breslow Thickness, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Linear regression, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Melanoma, Aged, Skin, Aged, 80 and over, Body surface area, Norway, business.industry, Incidence, Body Weight, Weight change, Middle Aged, Anthropometry, Prognosis, Confidence interval, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business, Body mass index
Abstract

Background Breslow thickness is the most important prognostic factor of localized cutaneous melanoma (CM), but associations with anthropometric factors have been sparsely and incompletely investigated. Objectives To examine prediagnostic body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), and height, weight and weight change in relation to Breslow thickness, overall and by anatomical site and histological subtype; and to assess possible nonlinear associations between these anthropometric factors and Breslow thickness. Methods CMs in the Janus Cohort were identified between 1972 and 2014. Linear regression was used to estimate geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of Breslow thickness with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to anthropometric factors. Restricted cubic splines in generalized linear models predicted adjusted mean Breslow thickness, and were used to assess possible nonlinear relationships. Results Of 2570 cases of CM, obese patients had a GMR of 1·16 (95% CI 1·04–1·30) of Breslow thickness vs. normal‐weight patients. For BSA and weight, quintile 5 showed GMRs of 1·13 (95% CI 1·00–1·27) and 1·17 (95% CI 1·03–1·33) of Breslow thickness vs. quintile 1, respectively. Associations seemed restricted to superficial spreading melanomas and CMs on the trunk and lower limbs. The associations plateaued at an adjusted mean Breslow thickness of about 2·5 mm (BMI 29 kg m−2, BSA 2·05 m2 and weight 90 kg), before declining for the highest values. No associations were found for height and weight change. Conclusions This large case‐series of incident CM demonstrated positive associations between BMI, BSA, weight and Breslow thickness, and suggested that behavioural or other mechanisms apply at high values. This is the peer reviewed version of the article, which has been published in final form at Wiley. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions."

Published
2018

26. The link between springtime total ozone and summer UV radiation in Northern Hemisphere extratropics

Author

Laura Thölix, Viktoria Sofieva, Vitali Fioletov, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Johanna Tamminen, Iolanda Ialongo, M. E. Andersson, Anu Heikkilä, Leif Backman, Kaisa Lakkala, Ingo Wohltmann, B. Johnsen, A. Yu. Karpechko, Markus Rex, Erkki Kyrölä, and Tapani Koskela

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Anomaly (natural sciences), 0207 environmental engineering, Northern Hemisphere, Tropics, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Polar vortex, Climatology, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

[1] The link between stratospheric ozone decline and ultraviolet (UV) radiation increase at the Earth's surface is well established. In the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, stratospheric ozone is accumulated from autumn to spring as a result of transport from its source region in the tropics. The amount of accumulated ozone varies from year to year due to natural dynamical variability and chemical destruction by natural and anthropogenic substances. Observational and modeling studies show that these total ozone anomalies persist in the extratropics from spring to summer. Here we analyze time series of ground-based UV measurements and satellite retrievals of total ozone and UV radiation and demonstrate that there is a strong link between springtime total ozone and summer UV anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. In some regions, the interannual variability in springtime ozone abundance explains 20–40% of the summer UV variability, and this relation can be used for improving seasonal UV forecasts. Using chemistry transport models, we estimate the influence of polar chemical ozone loss on the summer UV north of 35°N. We estimate that the massive Arctic ozone depletion 2011 increased the March–August cumulative erythemal clear-sky UV dose in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics by 3–4% compared to the climatology, with about 75% of the increase accumulated after the breakup of the polar vortex. This result strongly suggests that the effect of seasonal ozone anomaly persistence should be included in the assessment of the impacts of polar ozone losses.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. A life cycle assessment of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) -derived jet fuel and diesel

Author

Peter B. Johnsen, David R. Shonnard, Serin Rao, Jiqing Fan, and Tom N. Kalnes

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Vegetable oil refining, Fossil fuel, Environmental engineering, Forestry, Renewable fuels, Renewable energy, Biotechnology, Diesel fuel, Biofuel, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, business, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Life-cycle assessment
Abstract

Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a member of the mustard family and may be grown as a winter crop between traditional summer crops to produce renewable biomass for renewable diesel and jet fuel. This paper estimated total annual biofuel production potential of 15 million cubic metres from rotation between corn and soybeans on 16.2 million hectares in the Midwest without impact on food production. This study also investigated the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy balance of pennycress-derived Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel and Renewable Diesel (RD). Both system expansion and allocation approaches were applied to distribute environmental impacts among products and co-products along the life cycle of each biofuel. The life cycle GHG emissions (excluding land use change) for RD and HRJ range from 13 to 41 g MJ−1 (CO2 eq.) and −18 to 45 g MJ−1 (CO2 eq.), respectively, depending on how the co-products are credited. The majority of the energy required for each biofuel product is derived from renewable biomass as opposed to non renewable fossil. The fossil energy consumptions are considerably lower than the petroleum fuels. Scenario analyses were also conducted to determine response to model assumptions, including nitrogen fertilizer application rate, nitrogen content in crop residues, and sources of H2. The results show that pennycress derived biofuels could qualify as advanced biofuels and as biomass-based diesel as defined by the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS2).

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Stoppers and non-starters of disease-modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis

Author

Nina Grytten, Jan Harald Aarseth, Christian Lund, R. Wehus, K. Espeset, R. C. Haugstad, and G. B. Johnsen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Coping (psychology), Disease, Medication Adherence, Cohort Studies, Social support, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Retrospective Studies, Norway, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Glatiramer Acetate, Interferon-beta, General Medicine, Discontinuation, Neurology, Cohort, Physical therapy, Female, Neurology (clinical), Peptides, business, Immunosuppressive Agents, Cohort study
Abstract

Objectives To explore the frequency of non-starters and stoppers of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in a cohort of people recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to identify reasons for non-starting or stopping DMT measured by demographic variables, social support [The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL)] and disease-related stress [The Impact of Event Scale (IES)]. Materials and methods A multicentre retrospective cohort study using postal surveys completed by people with MS was performed, comprising all patients diagnosed with MS during 2000–2007 at four university clinics in Norway. Results Of the 424 respondents, 180 (42%) were still using the first prescribed DMT, 83 (20%) were using DMT after switching DMT at least once, 53 (12.5%) had ended DMT, and 108 (25.5%) had never started DMT. The risk of non-starting DMT was associated with increasing age at diagnosis, the region, disease-related stress and avoidant trauma coping. The risk factors for stopping therapy after the first prescribed DMT were adverse events and high education. Conclusions Disease-related stress, avoidant trauma coping, age at diagnosis and education should be considered when motivating people with MS to use DMT. Hence, the challenges to starting and continuing treatment will probably also remain a problem with orally administered DMT.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Abstracts

Author

V. Dunet, A. Dabiri, G. Allenbach, A. Goyeneche Achigar, B. Waeber, F. Feihl, R. Heinzer, J. O. Prior, J. E. Van Velzen, J. D. Schuijf, F. R. De Graaf, M. A. De Graaf, M. J. Schalij, L. J. Kroft, A. De Roos, J. W. Jukema, E. E. Van Der Wall, J. J. Bax, E. Lankinen, A. Saraste, T. Noponen, R. Klen, M. Teras, T. Kokki, S. Kajander, M. Pietila, H. Ukkonen, J. Knuuti, A. P. Pazhenkottil, R. N. Nkoulou, J. R. Ghadri, B. A. Herzog, R. R. Buechel, S. M. Kuest, M. Wolfrum, O. Gaemperli, L. Husmann, P. A. Kaufmann, D. Andreini, G. Pontone, S. Mushtaq, L. Antonioli, E. Bertella, A. Formenti, S. Cortinovis, G. Ballerini, C. Fiorentini, M. Pepi, A. S. Koh, J. S. Flores, F. Y. J. Keng, R. S. Tan, T. S. J. Chua, A. D. Annoni, G. Tamborini, M. Fusari, A. L. Bartorelli, S. H. Ewe, A. C. T. Ng, V. Delgado, J. Schuijf, F. Van Der Kley, A. Colli, A. De Weger, N. A. Marsan, K. H. Yiu, A. C. Ng, S. A. J. Timmer, P. Knaapen, T. Germans, P. A. Dijkmans, M. Lubberink, J. M. Ten Berg, F. J. Ten Cate, I. K. Russel, A. A. Lammertsma, A. C. Van Rossum, Y. Y. Wong, G. Ruiter, P. Raijmakers, W. J. Van Der Laarse, N. Westerhof, A. Vonk-Noordegraaf, G. Youssef, E. Leung, G. Wisenberg, C. Marriot, K. Williams, J. Etele, R. A. Dekemp, J. Dasilva, D. Birnie, R. S. B. Beanlands, R. C. Thompson, A. H. Allam, L. S. Wann, A. H. Nureldin, G. Adelmaksoub, I. Badr, M. L. Sutherland, J. D. Sutherland, M. I. Miyamoto, G. S. Thomas, H. J. Harms, S. De Haan, M. C. Huisman, R. C. Schuit, A. D. Windhorst, C. Allaart, A. J. Einstein, T. Khawaja, C. Greer, A. Chokshi, M. Jones, K. Schaefle, K. Bhatia, D. Shimbo, P. C. Schulze, A. Srivastava, R. Chettiar, J. Moody, C. Weyman, D. Natale, W. Bruni, Y. Liu, E. Ficaro, A. J. Sinusas, A. Peix, E. Batista, L. O. Cabrera, K. Padron, L. Rodriguez, B. Sainz, V. Mendoza, R. Carrillo, Y. Fernandez, E. Mena, A. Naum, T. Bach-Gansmo, N. Kleven-Madsen, M. Biermann, B. Johnsen, J. Aase Husby, S. Rotevatn, J. E. Nordrehaug, J. Schaap, R. M. Kauling, M. C. Post, B. J. W. M. Rensing, J. F. Verzijlbergen, J. Sanchez, G. Giamouzis, N. Tziolas, P. Georgoulias, G. Karayannis, A. Chamaidi, N. Zavos, K. Koutrakis, G. Sitafidis, J. Skoularigis, F. Triposkiadis, S. Radovanovic, A. Djokovic, D. V. Simic, M. Krotin, A. Savic-Radojevic, M. Pljesa-Ercegovac, M. Zdravkovic, J. Saponjski, S. Jelic, T. Simic, R. Eckardt, B. J. Kjeldsen, L. I. Andersen, T. Haghfelt, P. Grupe, A. Johansen, B. Hesse, H. Pena, G. Cantinho, M. Wilk, Y. Srour, F. Godinho, N. Zafrir, A. Gutstein, I. Mats, A. Battler, A. Solodky, E. Sari, N. Singh, A. Vara, A. M. Peters, A. De Belder, S. Nair, N. Ryan, R. James, S. Dizdarevic, G. Depuey, M. Friedman, R. Wray, R. Old, H. Babla, B. Chuanyong, J. Maddahi, E. Tragardh Johansson, K. Sjostrand, L. Edenbrandt, S. Aguade-Bruix, G. Cuberas-Borros, M. N. Pizzi, M. Sabate-Fernandez, G. De Leon, D. Garcia-Dorado, J. Castell-Conesa, J. Candell-Riera, D. Casset-Senon, M. Edjlali-Goujon, D. Alison, A. Delhommais, P. Cosnay, C. S. Low, A. Notghi, J. O'brien, A. C. Tweddel, N. Bingham, P. O Neil, M. Harbinson, O. Lindner, W. Burchert, M. Schaefers, C. Marcassa, R. Campini, P. Calza, O. Zoccarato, A. Kisko, J. Kmec, M. Babcak, M. Vereb, M. Vytykacova, J. Cencarik, P. Gazdic, J. Stasko, A. Abreu, E. Pereira, L. Oliveira, P. Colarinha, V. Veloso, I. Enriksson, G. Proenca, P. Delgado, L. Rosario, J. Sequeira, I. Kosa, I. Vassanyi, C. S. Egyed, G. Y. Kozmann, S. Morita, M. Nanasato, I. Nanbu, Y. Yoshida, H. Hirayama, A. Allam, A. Sharef, I. Shawky, M. Farid, M. Mouden, J. P. Ottervanger, J. R. Timmer, M. J. De Boer, S. Reiffers, P. L. Jager, S. Knollema, G. M. Nasr, M. Mohy Eldin, M. Ragheb, I. Casans-Tormo, R. Diaz-Exposito, F. J. Hurtado-Mauricio, R. Ruano, M. Diego, F. Gomez-Caminero, C. Albarran, A. Martin De Arriba, A. Rosero, R. Lopez, C. Martin Luengo, J. R. Garcia-Talavera, I. E. K. Laitinen, M. Rudelius, E. Weidl, G. Henriksen, H. J. Wester, M. Schwaiger, X. B. Pan, T. Schindler, A. Quercioli, H. Zaidi, O. Ratib, J. M. Declerck, E. Alexanderson Rosas, R. Jacome, M. Jimenez-Santos, E. Romero, M. A. Pena-Cabral, A. Meave, J. Gonzalez, F. Rouzet, L. Bachelet, J. M. Alsac, M. Suzuki, L. Louedec, A. Petiet, F. Chaubet, D. Letourneur, J. B. Michel, D. Le Guludec, A. Aktas, A. Cinar, G. Yaman, T. Bahceci, K. Kavak, A. Gencoglu, A. Jimenez-Heffernan, E. Sanchez De Mora, J. Lopez-Martin, R. Lopez-Aguilar, C. Ramos, C. Salgado, A. Ortega, C. Sanchez-Gonzalez, J. Roa, A. Tobaruela, S. V. Nesterov, O. Turta, M. Maki, C. Han, D. Daou, M. Tawileh, S. O. Chamouine, C. Coaguila, E. Mariscal-Labrador, N. Kisiel-Gonzalez, P. De Araujo Goncalves, P. J. Sousa, H. Marques, J. O'neill, J. Pisco, R. Cale, J. Brito, A. Gaspar, F. P. Machado, J. Roquette, M. Martinez, G. Melendez, E. Kimura, J. M. Ochoa, A. M. Alessio, A. Patel, R. Lautamaki, F. M. Bengel, J. B. Bassingthwaighte, J. H. Caldwell, K. Rahbar, H. Seifarth, M. Schafers, L. Stegger, T. Spieker, A. Hoffmeier, D. Maintz, H. Scheld, O. Schober, M. Weckesser, H. Aoki, I. Matsunari, K. Kajinami, M. Martin Fernandez, M. Barreiro Perez, O. V. Fernandez Cimadevilla, D. Leon Duran, E. Velasco Alonso, J. P. Florez Munoz, L. H. Luyando, C. Templin, C. E. Veltman, J. H. C. Reiber, S. Venuraju, A. Yerramasu, S. Atwal, A. Lahiri, T. Kunimasa, M. Shiba, K. Ishii, J. Aikawa, E. S. J. Kroner, K. T. Ho, Q. W. Yong, K. C. Chua, C. Panknin, C. J. Roos, J. M. Van Werkhoven, A. J. Witkowska-Grzeslo, M. J. Boogers, D. V. Anand, D. Dey, D. Berman, F. Mut, R. Giubbini, L. Lusa, T. Massardo, A. Iskandrian, M. Dondi, A. Sato, Y. Kakefuda, E. Ojima, T. Adachi, A. Atsumi, T. Ishizu, Y. Seo, M. Hiroe, K. Aonuma, M. Kruk, R. Pracon, C. Kepka, J. Pregowski, A. Kowalewska, M. Pilka, M. Opolski, I. Michalowska, Z. Dzielinska, M. Demkow, V. Stoll, N. Sabharwal, A. Chakera, O. Ormerod, H. Fernandes, M. Bernardes, E. Martins, P. Oliveira, T. Vieira, G. Terroso, A. Oliveira, T. Faria, F. Ventura, J. Pereira, S. Fukuzawa, M. Inagaki, J. Sugioka, A. Ikeda, S. Okino, J. Maekawa, T. Uchiyama, N. Kamioka, S. Ichikawa, M. Afshar, R. Alvi, N. Aguilar, R. Ippili, H. Shaqra, J. Bella, N. Bhalodkar, A. Dos Santos, M. Daicz, L. O. Cendoya, H. G. Marrero, J. Casuscelli, M. Embon, G. Vera Janavel, E. Duronto, E. P. Gurfinkel, C. M. Cortes, Y. Takeishi, K. Nakajima, Y. Yamasaki, T. Nishimura, K. Hayes Brown, F. Collado, M. Alhaji, J. Green, S. Alexander, R. Vashistha, S. Jain, F. Aldaas, J. Shanes, R. Doukky, K. Ashikaga, Y. J. Akashi, M. Uemarsu, R. Kamijima, K. Yoneyama, K. Omiya, Y. Miyake, Y. Brodov, U. Raval, A. Berezin, V. Seden, E. Koretskaya, T. A. Panasenko, S. Matsuo, S. Kinuya, J. Chen, R. J. Van Bommel, B. Van Der Hiel, P. Dibbets-Schneider, E. V. Garcia, I. Rutten-Vermeltfoort, M. M. J. Gevers, B. Verhoeven, A. B. Dijk Van, E. Raaijmakers, P. G. H. M. Raijmakers, J. E. Engvall, M. Gjerde, J. De Geer, E. Olsson, P. Quick, A. Persson, M. Mazzanti, M. Marini, L. Pimpini, G. P. Perna, C. Marciano, P. Gargiulo, M. Galderisi, C. D'amore, G. Savarese, L. Casaretti, S. Paolillo, A. Cuocolo, P. Perrone Filardi, M. Al-Amoodi, E. C. Thompson, K. Kennedy, K. A. Bybee, A. I. Mcghie, J. H. O'keefe, T. M. Bateman, R. L. F. Van Der Palen, A. M. Mavinkurve-Groothuis, B. Bulten, L. Bellersen, H. W. M. Van Laarhoven, L. Kapusta, L. F. De Geus-Oei, P. P. Pollice, M. B. Bonifazi, F. P. Pollice, I. P. Clements, D. O. Hodge, C. G. Scott, M. De Ville De Goyet, B. Brichard, T. Pirotte, S. Moniotte, R. A. Tio, A. Elvan, R. A. I. O. Dierckx, R. H. J. A. Slart, T. Furuhashi, M. Moroi, H. Hase, N. Joki, H. Masai, R. Nakazato, H. Fukuda, K. Sugi, K. Kryczka, E. Kaczmarska, J. Petryka, L. Mazurkiewicz, W. Ruzyllo, P. Smanio, E. Vieira Segundo, M. Siqueira, J. Kelendjian, J. Ribeiro, J. Alaca, M. Oliveira, F. Alves, I. Peovska, J. Maksimovic, M. Vavlukis, N. Kostova, D. Pop Gorceva, V. Majstorov, M. Zdraveska, S. Hussain, M. Djearaman, E. Hoey, L. Morus, O. Erinfolami, A. Macnamara, M. P. Opolski, A. Witkowski, V. Berti, F. Ricci, R. Gallicchio, W. Acampa, G. Cerisano, C. Vigorito, R. Sciagra', A. Pupi, H. Sliem, F. M. Collado, S. Schmidt, A. Maheshwari, R. Kiriakos, V. Mwansa, S. Ljubojevic, S. Sedej, M. Holzer, G. Marsche, V. Marijanski, J. Kockskaemper, B. Pieske, A. Ricalde, G. Alexanderson, A. Mohani, P. Khanna, A. Sinusas, F. Lee, V. A. Pinas, B. L. F. Van Eck-Smit, H. J. Verberne, C. M. De Bruin, G. Guilhermina, L. Jimenez-Angeles, O. Ruiz De Jesus, O. Yanez-Suarez, E. Vallejo, E. Reyes, M. Chan, M. L. Hossen, S. R. Underwood, A. Karu, S. Bokhari, V. Pineda, L. M. Gracia-Sanchez, A. Garcia-Burillo, K. Zavadovskiy, Y. U. Lishmanov, W. Saushkin, I. Kovalev, A. Chernishov, A. Annoni, M. Tarkia, T. Saanijoki, V. Oikonen, T. Savunen, M. A. Green, M. Strandberg, A. Roivainen, M. C. Gaeta, C. Artigas, J. Deportos, L. Geraldo, A. Flotats, V. La Delfa, I. Carrio, W. J. Laarse, M. M. Izquierdo Gomez, J. Lacalzada Almeida, A. Barragan Acea, A. De La Rosa Hernandez, R. Juarez Prera, G. Blanco Palacios, J. A. Bonilla Arjona, J. J. Jimenez Rivera, J. L. Iribarren Sarrias, I. Laynez Cerdena, A. Dedic, A. Rossi, G. J. R. Ten Kate, A. Dharampal, A. Moelker, T. W. Galema, N. Mollet, P. J. De Feyter, K. Nieman, D. Trabattoni, A. Broersen, M. Frenay, M. M. Boogers, P. H. Kitslaar, J. Dijkstra, D. A. Annoni, M. Muratori, N. Johki, M. Tokue, A. S. Dharampal, A. C. Weustink, L. A. E. Neefjes, S. L. Papadopoulou, C. Chen, N. R. A. Mollet, E. H. Boersma, G. P. Krestin, J. A. Purvis, D. Sharma, S. M. Hughes, D. S. Berman, R. Taillefer, J. Udelson, M. Devine, J. Lazewatsky, G. Bhat, D. Washburn, D. Patel, T. Mazurek, S. Tandon, S. Bansal, S. Inzucchi, L. Staib, J. Davey, D. Chyun, L. Young, F. Wackers, M. T. Harbinson, G. Wells, J. Dougan, S. Borges-Neto, H. Phillips, A. Farzaneh-Far, Z. Starr, L. K. Shaw, M. Fiuzat, C. O'connor, M. Henzlova, W. L. Duvall, A. Levine, U. Baber, L. Croft, S. Sahni, S. Sethi, L. Hermann, A. Nureldin, A. Gomaa, M. A. T. Soliman, H. A. R. Hany, F. De Graaf, A. Pazhenkottil, H. M. J. Siebelink, J. H. Reiber, M. Ayub, T. Naveed, M. Azhar, A. Van Tosh, T. L. Faber, J. R. Votaw, N. Reichek, B. Pulipati, C. Palestro, K. J. Nichols, K. Okuda, Y. Kirihara, T. Ishikawa, J. Taki, M. Yoshita, M. Yamada, A. Salacata, S. Keavey, V. Chavarri, J. Mills, H. Nagaraj, P. Bhambhani, D. E. Kliner, P. Soman, J. Heo, A. E. Iskandrian, M. Jain, B. Lin, A. Walker, C. Nkonde, S. Bond, A. Baskin, J. Declerck, M. E. Soto, G. Mendoza, M. Aguilar, S. P. Williams, G. Colice, J. R. Mcardle, A. Lankford, D. K. Kajdasz, C. R. Reed, L. Angelini, F. Angelozzi, G. Ascoli, A. Jacobson, H. J. Lessig, M. C. Gerson, M. D. Cerqueira, J. Narula, M. Uematsu, K. Kida, K. Suzuki, P. E. Bravo, K. Fukushima, M. Chaudhry, J. Merrill, A. Alonso Tello, J. F. Rodriguez Palomares, G. Marti Aguasca, S. Aguade Bruix, V. Aliaga, P. Mahia, T. Gonzalez-Alujas, J. Candell, A. Evangelista, R. Mlynarski, A. Mlynarska, M. Sosnowski, B. Zerahn, P. Hasbak, C. E. Mortensen, H. F. Mathiesen, M. Andersson, D. Nielsen, L. Ferreira Santos, M. J. Ferreira, D. Ramos, D. Moreira, M. J. Cunha, A. Albuquerque, A. Moreira, J. Oliveira Santos, G. Costa, L. A. Providencia, Y. Arita, S. Kihara, N. Mitsusada, M. Miyawaki, H. Ueda, H. Hiraoka, Y. Matsuzawa, J. Askew, M. O'connor, L. Jordan, R. Ruter, R. Gibbons, T. Miller, L. Emmett, A. Ng, N. Sorensen, R. Mansberg, L. Kritharides, T. Gonzalez, H. Majmundar, N. P. Coats, S. Vernotico, J. H. Doan, T. M. Hernandez, M. Evini, A. D. Hepner, T. K. Ip, W. A. Chalela, A. M. Falcao, L. O. Azouri, J. A. F. Ramires, J. C. Meneghetti, F. Manganelli, M. Spadafora, P. Varrella, G. Peluso, R. Sauro, E. Di Lorenzo, F. Rotondi, S. Daniele, P. Miletto, A. J. M. Rijnders, B. W. Hendrickx, W. Van Der Bruggen, Y. G. C. J. America, P. J. Thorley, F. U. Chowdhury, C. J. Dickinson, S. I. Sazonova, I. Y. U. Proskokova, A. M. Gusakova, S. M. Minin, Y. U. B. Lishmanov, V. V. Saushkin, G. Rodriguez, F. Roffe, H. Ilarraza, D. Bialostozky, A. N. Kitsiou, P. Arsenos, I. Tsiantis, S. Charizopoulos, S. Karas, R. C. Vidal Perez, M. Garrido, V. Pubul, S. Argibay, C. Pena, M. Pombo, A. B. Ciobotaru, A. Sanchez-Salmon, A. Ruibal Morell, J. R. Gonzalez-Juanatey, E. Rodriguez-Gomez, B. Martinez, D. Pontillo, F. Benvissuto, F. Fiore Melacrinis, S. Maccafeo, E. V. Scabbia, R. Schiavo, Y. Golzar, C. Gidea, J. Golzar, D. Pop-Gorceva, M. Zdravkovska, S. Stojanovski, L. J. Georgievska-Ismail, T. Katsikis, A. Theodorakos, A. Kouzoumi, M. Koutelou, Y. Yoshimura, T. Toyama, H. Hoshizaki, S. Ohshima, M. Inoue, T. Suzuki, A. Uitterdijk, M. Dijkshoorn, M. Van Straten, W. J. Van Der Giessen, D. J. Duncker, D. Merkus, G. Platsch, J. Sunderland, C. Tonge, P. Arumugam, T. Dey, H. Wieczorek, R. Bippus, R. L. Romijn, B. E. Backus, T. Aach, M. Lomsky, L. Johansson, J. Marving, S. Svensson, J. L. Pou, F. P. Esteves, P. Raggi, R. Folks, Z. Keidar, J. W. Askew, L. Verdes, L. Campos, V. Gulyaev, A. Pankova, J. Santos, S. Carmona, I. Henriksson, A. Prata, M. Carrageta, A. I. Santos, K. Yoshinaga, M. Naya, C. Katoh, O. Manabe, S. Yamada, H. Iwano, S. Chiba, H. Tsutsui, N. Tamaki, I. Vassiliadis, E. Despotopoulos, O. Kaitozis, E. Hatzistamatiou, R. Thompson, J. Hatch, M. Zink, B. S. Gu, G. D. Bae, C. M. Dae, G. H. Min, E. J. Chun, S. I. Choi, M. Al-Mallah, K. Kassem, O. Khawaja, D. Goodman, D. Lipkin, L. Christiaens, B. Bonnet, J. Mergy, D. Coisne, J. Allal, N. Dias Ferreira, D. Leite, J. Rocha, M. Carvalho, D. Caeiro, N. Bettencourt, P. Braga, V. Gama Ribeiro, U. S. Kristoffersen, A. M. Lebech, H. Gutte, R. S. Ripa, N. Wiinberg, C. L. Petersen, G. Jensen, A. Kjaer, C. Bai, R. Conwell, R. D. Folks, L. Verdes-Moreiras, D. Manatunga, A. F. Jacobson, D. Belzer, Y. Hasid, M. Rehling, R. H. Poulsen, L. Falborg, J. T. Rasmussen, L. N. Waehrens, C. W. Heegaard, J. M. U. Silvola, S. Forsback, J. O. Laine, S. Heinonen, S. Ylaherttuala, A. Broisat, M. Ruiz, N. C. Goodman, J. Dimastromatteo, D. K. Glover, F. Hyafil, F. Blackwell, G. Pavon-Djavid, L. Sarda-Mantel, L. J. Feldman, A. Meddahi-Pelle, V. Tsatkin, Y.- H. Liu, R. De Kemp, P. J. Slomka, R. Klein, G. Germano, R. S. Beanlands, A. Rohani, V. Akbari, J. G. J. Groothuis, M. Fransen, A. M. Beek, S. L. Brinckman, M. R. Meijerink, M. B. M. Hofman, C. Van Kuijk, S. Kogure, E. Yamashita, J. Murakami, R. Kawaguchi, H. Adachi, S. Oshima, S. Minin, S. Popov, Y. U. Saushkina, G. Savenkova, D. Lebedev, E. Alexandridis, D. Rovithis, C. Parisis, I. Sazonova, V. Saushkin, V. Chernov, L. Zaabar, H. Bahri, S. Hadj Ali, A. Sellem, I. Slim, N. El Kadri, H. Slimen, H. Hammami, S. Lucic, A. Peter, S. Tadic, K. Nikoletic, R. Jung, M. Lucic, K. Tagil, D. Jakobsson, S.- E. Svensson, P. Wollmer, L. Leccisotti, L. Indovina, L. Paraggio, M. L. Calcagni, A. Giordano, M. Kapitan, A. Paolino, M. Nunez, J. Sweeny, N. Kulkarni, K. Guma, Y. Akashi, M. Takano, M. Takai, S. Koh, F. Miyake, N. Torun, G. Durmus Altun, A. Altun, E. Kaya, H. Saglam, D. T. Matsuoka, A. Sanchez, C. Bartolozzi, D. Padua, G. Ponta, A. Ponte, A. Carneiro, A. Thom, R. Ashrafi, P. Garg, G. Davis, A. Falcao, M. Costa, F. Bussolini, J. A. C. Meneghetti, M. Tobisaka, E. Correia, J. W. Jansen, P. A. Van Der Vleuten, T. P. Willems, F. Zijlstra, M. Sato, K. Taniguchi, M. Kurabayashi, D. Pop Gjorcheva, M. Zdraveska-Kochovska, K. Moriwaki, A. Kawamura, K. Watanabe, T. Omura, S. Sakabe, T. Seko, A. Kasai, M. Ito, M. Obana, T. Akasaka, C. Hruska, D. Truong, C. Pletta, D. Collins, C. Tortorelli, D. Rhodes, M. El-Prince, A. Martinez-Moeller, M. Marinelli, S. Weismueller, C. Hillerer, B. Jensen, S. G. Nekolla, H. Wakabayashi, K. Tsukamoto, S. M. E. A. Baker, K. M. H. S. Sirajul Haque, A. Siddique, S. Krishna Banarjee, A. Ahsan, F. Rahman, M. Mukhlesur Rahman, T. Parveen, M. Lutfinnessa, F. Nasreen, H. Sano, S. Naito, M. L. De Rimini, G. Borrelli, F. Baldascino, P. Calabro, C. Maiello, A. Russo, C. Amarelli, P. Muto, I. Danad, P. G. Raijmakers, Y. E. Appelman, O. S. Hoekstra, J. T. Marcus, A. Boonstra, D. V. Ryzhkova, T. V. Kuzmina, O. S. Borodina, M. A. Trukshina, I. S. Kostina, H. Hommel, G. Feuchtner, O. Pachinger, G. Friedrich, A. M. Stel, J. W. Deckers, V. Gama, A. Ciarka, L. A. Neefjes, N. R. Mollet, E. J. Sijbrands, J. Wilczek, C. Llibre Pallares, O. Abdul-Jawad Altisent, H. Cuellar Calabria, P. Mahia Casado, M. T. Gonzalez-Alujas, A. Evangelista Masip, D. Garcia-Dorado Garcia, Y. Tekabe, X. Shen, Q. Li, J. Luma, D. Weisenberger, A. M. Schmidt, R. Haubner, L. Johnson, L. Sleiman, S. Thorn, M. Hasu, M. Thabet, J. N. Dasilva, S. C. Whitman, D. Genovesi, A. Giorgetti, A. Gimelli, G. Cannizzaro, F. Bertagna, G. Fagioli, M. Rossi, R. Bonini, P. Marzullo, C. A. Paterson, S. A. Smith, A. D. Small, N. E. R. Goodfield, W. Martin, S. Nekolla, H. Sherif, S. Reder, M. Yu, A. Kusch, D. Li, J. Zou, M. S. Lloyd, K. Cao, D. W. Motherwell, A. Rice, G. M. Mccurrach, S. M. Cobbe, M. C. Petrie, I. Al Younis, E. Van Der Wall, T. Mirza, M. Raza, H. Hashemizadeh, L. Santos, B. A. Krishna, F. Perna, M. Lago, M. Leo, G. Pelargonio, G. Bencardino, M. L. Narducci, M. Casella, F. Bellocci, S. Kirac, O. Yaylali, M. Serteser, T. Yaylali, A. Okizaki, Y. Urano, M. Nakayama, S. Ishitoya, J. Sato, Y. Ishikawa, M. Sakaguchi, N. Nakagami, T. Aburano, S. V. Solav, R. Bhandari, S. Burrell, S. Dorbala, I. Bruno, C. Caldarella, A. Collarino, M. V. Mattoli, A. Stefanelli, A. Cannarile, F. Maggi, V. Soukhov, S. Bondarev, A. Yalfimov, M. Khan, P. P. Priyadharshan, G. Chandok, T. Aziz, M. Avison, R. A. Smith, D. S. Bulugahapitya, T. Vakhtangadze, F. Todua, M. Baramia, G. Antelava, N.- C. Roche, P. Paule, S. Kerebel, J.- M. Gil, L. Fourcade, A. Tzonevska, K. Tzvetkov, M. Atanasova, V. Parvanova, A. Chakarova, E. Piperkova, B. Kocabas, H. Muderrisoglu, C. P. Allaart, E. Entok, S. Simsek, B. Akcay, I. Ak, E. Vardareli, M. Stachura, P. J. Kwasiborski, G. J. Horszczaruk, E. Komar, A. Cwetsch, B. Zraik, R. Morales Demori, A. D. J. Almeida, M. E. Siqueira, E. Vieira, I. Balogh, G. Kerecsen, E. Marosi, Z. S. Szelid, A. Sattar, T. Swadia, J. Chattahi, W. Qureshi, F. Khalid, A. Gonzalez, S. Hechavarria, K. Takamura, S. Fujimoto, R. Nakanishi, S. Yamashina, A. Namiki, J. Yamazaki, K. Koshino, Y. Hashikawa, N. Teramoto, M. Hikake, S. Ishikane, T. Ikeda, H. Iida, Y. Takahashi, N. Oriuchi, H. Higashino, K. Endo, T. Mochizuki, K. Murase, A. Baali, R. Moreno, M. Chau, H. Rousseau, F. Nicoud, P. Dolliner, L. Brammen, G. Steurer, T. Traub-Weidinger, P. Ubl, P. Schaffarich, G. Dobrozemsky, A. Staudenherz, M. Ozgen Kiratli, B. Temelli, N. B. Kanat, T. Aksoy, G. A. Slavich, G. Piccoli, M. Puppato, S. Grillone, D. Gasparini, S. Perruchoud, C. Poitry-Yamate, M. Lepore, R. Gruetter, T. Pedrazzini, D. Anselm, A. Anselm, H. Atkins, J. Renaud, R. Dekemp, I. Burwash, A. Guo, R. Beanlands, C. Glover, I. Vilardi, B. Zangheri, L. Calabrese, P. Romano, A. Bruno, O. C. Fernandez Cimadevilla, V. A. Uusitalo, M. Luotolahti, M. Wendelin-Saarenhovi, J. Sundell, O. Raitakari, S. Huidu, R. Gadiraju, M. Ghesani, Q. Uddin, B. Wosnitzer, N. Takahashi, E. Alhaj, A. Legasto, B. Abiri, K. Elsaban, T. El Khouly, T. El Kammash, A. Al Ghamdi, B. Kyung Deok, K. Bon Seung, Y. Sang Geun, D. Chang Min, and M. Gwan Hong

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Anthropometric factors and Breslow thickness

Author

Lill Tove N. Nilsen, Marit B. Veierød, T.E. Robsahm, B. Johnsen, Tom Kristian Grimsrud, Reza Ghiasvand, Nathalie C. Støer, Ronnie Babigumira, Judy R. Rees, and Jo S Stenehjem

Subjects
Orthodontics, Breslow Thickness, business.industry, Medicine, Dermatology, Anthropometry, business
Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers calibrated by seven UV calibration facilities in Europe and the USA

Author

Kathleen Lantz, Lasse Ylianttila, Josef Schreder, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Charikleia Meleti, B. Johnsen, Gregor Hülsen, Julian Gröbner, P. Disterhoft, J. M. Vilaplana Guerrero, Mario Blumthaler, and EGU, Publication

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Radiometer, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QC1-999, Absolute calibration, lcsh:Chemistry, Spectroradiometer, lcsh:QD1-999, Broadband, Calibration, Environmental science, Angular response, lcsh:Physics, Remote sensing
Abstract

A bi-lateral intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers was performed between seven UV calibration facilities. The calibrations provided by the instruments owners were compared relative to the characterisation and calibration performed at PMOD/WRC in Davos, Switzerland. The calibration consisted in the determination of the spectral and angular response of the radiometer, followed by an absolute calibration performed outdoors relative to a spectroradiometer which provided the absolute reference. The characterization of the detectors in the respective laboratories are in good agreement: The determinations of the angular responses have deviations below ±4% and the spectral responses agree within ±20%. A "blind" intercomparison of the erythemally weighted irradiances derived by the respective institutes and PMOD/WRC showed consistent measurements to within ±2% for the majority of institutes. One institute showed slightly larger deviation of 10%. The differences found between the different instrument calibrations are all within the combined uncertainty of the calibration.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Hereditary spastic paraplegia with cerebellar ataxia: a complex phenotype associated with a new SPG4 gene mutation

Author

B Johnsen, Sven Asger Sørensen, H Søndergård, Anne Nørremølle, M Dam, K H Scheuer, Pernille Koefoed, Jørgen E. Nielsen, Jens F. Rehfeld, Ian Law, Hans Eiberg, Olaf B. Paulson, Christian Krarup, K. S. Krabbe, M Grønbech-Jensen, and Lis Hasholt

Subjects
Adult, Male, Threonine, Cerebellum, Spastin, Ataxia, Cerebellar Ataxia, Hereditary spastic paraplegia, DNA Mutational Analysis, Neural Conduction, Neuropsychological Tests, Gene mutation, Epilepsy, Cognition, medicine, Spastic, Humans, Cysteine, RNA, Messenger, Evoked Potentials, Adenosine Triphosphatases, Family Health, Genetics, Brain Mapping, Cerebellar ataxia, Electromyography, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary, business.industry, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Phenotype, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Case-Control Studies, Positron-Emission Tomography, Mutation, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Complex forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) are rare and usually transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. A family of four generations with autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP) and a complex phenotype with variably expressed co-existing ataxia, dysarthria, unipolar depression, epilepsy, migraine, and cognitive impairment was investigated. Genetic linkage analysis and sequencing of the SPG4 gene was performed and electrophysiologic investigations were carried out in six individuals and positron emission tomography (PET) in one patient. The disease was linked to the SPG4 locus on chromosome 2p as previously reported for pure HSP. Sequence analysis of the SPG4 (spastin) gene identified a novel 1593 C > T (GLN490Stop) mutation leading to premature termination of exon 12 with ensuing truncation of the encoded protein. However, the mutation was only identified in those individuals who were clinically affected by a complex phenotype consisting of HSP and cerebellar ataxia. Other features noted in this kindred including epilepsy, cognitive impairment, depression, and migraine did not segregate with the HSP phenotype or mutation, and therefore the significance of these features to SPG4 is unclear. Electrophysiologic investigation showed increased central conduction time at somatosensory evoked potentials measured from the lower limbs as the only abnormal finding in two affected individuals with the SPG4 mutation. Moreover, PET of one patient showed significantly relatively decreased regional cerebral blood flow in most of the cerebellum. We conclude that this kindred demonstrates a considerable overlap between cerebellar ataxia and spastic paraplegia, emphasizing the marked clinical heterogeneity of HSP associated with spastin mutations.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Mutational scanning of the human serotonin transporter reveals fast translocating serotonin transporter mutants

Author

Anders S. Kristensen, Laust B. Johnsen, Ove Wiborg, and Mads Breum Larsen

Subjects
Serotonin, Blotting, Western, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutant, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, Transfection, Choline, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Structure-Activity Relationship, Cocaine, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Serotonin transporter, Mesylates, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, chemistry.chemical_classification, Alanine, Binding Sites, Membrane Glycoproteins, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Chimera, General Neuroscience, Sodium, Membrane Transport Proteins, Biological Transport, Transporter, Ligand (biochemistry), Amino acid, Monoamine neurotransmitter, chemistry, Biochemistry, COS Cells, Mutation, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, biology.protein, Indicators and Reagents, Radiopharmaceuticals, Carrier Proteins, Cysteine
Abstract

The serotonin transporter (SERT) belongs to a family of sodium-chloride-dependent transporters responsible for uptake of amino acids and biogenic amines from the extracellular space. SERT represents a major pharmacological target in the treatment of several clinical conditions, including depression and anxiety. In the present study we have undertaken a mutational scanning of human SERT in order to identify residues that are responsible for individual differences among related monoamine transporters. One mutant, G100A, was inactive in transport. However, ligand binding affinity was similar to wild-type, suggesting that G100A amongst different possible SERT conformations is restrained to a binding conformation. We suggest that the main role of glycine-100 is to confer structural flexibility during substrate translocation. For the two single mutants, T178A and F263C, uptake rates and K(m) values were both several-fold higher than wild-type while binding affinities and inhibitory potencies decreased considerably for several drugs. Ion dependency increased and only at hyperosmotic concentrations were K(m) values partly restored. For the double mutant, T178A/F263C, shifts in uptake kinetics and ligand affinities, as well as ion dependencies, were drastic. Effects were synergistic compared to the corresponding single mutants. In conclusion, we suggest that mutating threonine-178 to an alanine and phenylalanine-263 to a cysteine mainly alter the overall uptake kinetics of SERT by affecting the conformational equilibrium of different transporter conformations.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Twilight tropospheric and stratospheric photodissociation rates derived from balloon borne radiation measurements

Author

Josef Schreder, B. Johnsen, T. Danielsen, Mario Blumthaler, Arve Kylling, EGU, Publication, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Institute of Medical Physics, and Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Atmospheric Science, Twilight, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Photodissociation, Radiation, lcsh:QC1-999, Spectral line, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, Wavelength, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Optics, lcsh:QD1-999, business, lcsh:Physics, Zenith, Remote sensing
Abstract

A new ligthweight multichannel moderate bandwidth filter instrument designed to be flown on balloons, is described. The instrument measures the radiation field within the short UV (center wavelength at 312nm) and long UV (center wavelength at 340nm). The angular and spectral characteristics of the instrument are discussed and the calibration procedure outlined. Measurements made during a stratospheric balloon flight at twilight conditions from Gap-Tallard, France, are presented and compared with state-of-the-art radiative transfer model simulations. The model simulations and the measurements agree within ±10% (±20%) for solar zenith angles smaller than 93° (90°) for the 340 (312)nm channel. Based on the model simulations of the measured radiation, actinic flux spectra are reconstructed. These are used to calculate various photodissociation rates.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Heat capacities of glassy and crystalline GeSe2

Author

Svein Stølen, H. B. Johnsen, Hitoshi Kawaji, Tooru Atake, R. Abe, and K Honda

Subjects
Specific heat, Condensed matter physics, Chemistry, Molecular vibration, General Materials Science, Lamellar structure, Lattice vibration, General Chemistry, Atmospheric temperature range, Condensed Matter Physics, Adiabatic process, Heat capacity, Calorimeter
Abstract

The heat capacity measurements were carried out on a glassy sample of GeSe 2 using an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 13 to 300 K. The heat capacity data were compared with those previously measured on the crystalline GeSe 2 . The heat capacity value of the glassy GeSe 2 was smaller than that of the crystalline GeSe 2 below about 60 K, vice versa above it. The crossing phenomenon of the heat capacity curves was discussed on the basis of the density-of-states in the lattice vibrations, and a difference was pointed out in the long-range ordering in their layered structures.

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Structural Characterization of the Fibroblast Growth Factor-binding Protein Purified from Bovine Prepartum Mammary Gland Secretion

Author

Laust B. Johnsen, Christian W. Heegaard, Kristen Sejrsen, Jan T. Rasmussen, Torben E. Petersen, René Lametsch, and Stig Purup

Subjects
DNA, Complementary, Glycosylation, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Peptide Mapping, Biochemistry, Mice, Mammary Glands, Animal, Pregnancy, Complementary DNA, Fibroblast growth factor binding, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Cysteine, Cloning, Molecular, Molecular Biology, Peptide sequence, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Gene Library, chemistry.chemical_classification, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Molecular mass, Edman degradation, Colostrum, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Cell Biology, Chromatography, Agarose, Molecular biology, Amino acid, N-terminus, chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Cattle, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Female, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, Carrier Proteins, Protein Binding
Abstract

A novel heparin-binding protein was purified to homogeneity from bovine prepartum mammary gland secretion using heparin-Sepharose chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography successively. Structural information obtained by N-terminal amino acid sequencing of a series of proteolytically generated peptides permitted the cloning of the corresponding cDNA. The isolated cDNA was 1170 base pairs long and consisted of an 83-base pair 5'-untranslated region followed by a 702-base pair coding region and a 385-base pair 3'-untranslated region. The open reading frame resulted in a protein comprising 234- amino acid residues, including a signal sequence. Instead of Lys(24) as the predicted N terminus, Edman degradation of the native protein revealed N-terminal processing at two sites as follows: a primary site between Arg(31)-Gly(32) and a secondary site between Arg(51)-Ser(52). The amino acid sequence showed a significant similarity with that of human (60%) and mouse (53%) fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP). Accordingly, ligand blotting experiments revealed that bovine FGF-BP bound FGF-2. The theoretical mass of the protein predicted from the cDNA sequence is 22.5 kDa. However, the molecular mass of the purified protein was estimated to 28.6 kDa by mass spectrometry and 36 kDa by electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight differences are most likely due to post-transcriptional modifications, shown to involve N- and O-glycosylation of Asn(155) and Ser(172), respectively. All 10 cysteine residues in the protein participated in disulfide bonds, and the pattern was identified as Cys(71)-Cys(88), Cys(97)-Cys(130), Cys(106)-Cys(142), Cys(198)-Cys(234), and Cys(214)-Cys(222). As the 10 cysteines of the three known FGF-BPs are positionally conserved, the disulfide bond pattern of bovine FGF-BP may be regarded as representative for the FGF-BP family.

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. The Recovery of Flavor Quality by Channel Catfish

Author

Bryan T. Vinyard, Peter B. Johnsen, and Christopher P. Dionigi

Subjects
business.industry, Fish farming, Microorganism, Aquatic animal, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Geosmin, Fishery, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Animal science, Aquaculture, chemistry, Ictalurus, business, Catfish
Abstract

Intensive production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus requires copious feeding. Nutrients from uneaten feeds and fish excreta contribute to the growth of microorganisms. Certain microbes that occur frequently in aquaculture systems produce the “muddy and earthy” off-flavor metabolites 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin. Fish containing MIB or geosmin can exhibit an off-flavor that makes them unacceptable for harvest as food fish. Following the cessation of exposure to MIB or geosmin, fish depurate off-flavors. The minimum period required for fish to regain flavor quality is a critical concern for aquaculturists; scant information concerning this period prompted our investigation. Channel catfish were harvested from three commercial ponds, and fish from each pond were sorted into four size-classes (0.4–0.8 kg, 0.8–1.3 kg, 1.3–1.6 kg, and 1.6–2.3 kg) on 30 August (summer) and on 18 October (autumn) 1993. Each group of fish was transferred into individual 2,000-L fiberglass tanks, and each t...

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone

Author

Peter J. Maniak, Peter B. Johnsen, Gerold C. Grant, Christine N. Polkinghorne, James G. Seelye, John H. Teeter, Peter W. Sorensen, Weiming Li, and Rickard Bjerselius

Subjects
Larva, Petromyzon, biology, Odor, Ecology, Lamprey, fungi, Pheromone, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, human activities, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Function (biology)
Abstract

Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still water, they exhibited enhanced swimming activity in the presence of a 0.1 nM concentration of the two unique bile acids released by larvae and detected by adult lamprey. Fourth, when adults were exposed to this bile acid mixture within flowing waters, they actively swam into it. Taken together, these data suggest that adult lamprey use a bile acid based larval pheromone to help them locate spawning rivers and that responsiveness to this cue is influenced by current flow, maturity, and time of day. Although the precise identity and function of the larval pheromone remain to be fully elucidated, we believe that this cue will ultimately prove useful as an attractant in sea lamprey control.

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of GeSe2at temperatures fromT=( 13 to 900)K. Structural phase transition atT= 423K

Author

Svein Stølen, R. Abe, Tor Grande, H. B. Johnsen, and Tooru Atake

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Phase transition, Standard molar entropy, Chemistry, Enthalpy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Calorimetry, Heat capacity, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, X-ray crystallography, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Inorganic compound
Abstract

The heat capacity of germanium diselenide GeSe 2 has been determined by adiabatic calorimetry at temperatures from (13 to 900) K. A phase transition not previously reported gives rise to a sharp λ-type heat capacity effect at T = 423 K. The overall estimated enthalpy of transition amounts to 1240 J· mol −1 at T = 600 K. The transition could not be detected by high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction. Values of the molar heat capacity, standard molar entropy, standard molar enthalpy, and standard molar Planck function of GeSe 2 at T = 298.15 and T = 900 K are: [table]

Published
1999
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Disulphide-linked caseins and casein micelles

Author

Esben S. Sørensen, Jens K. Thomsen, Torben E. Petersen, Laust B. Johnsen, Lone K. Rasmussen, A Tsiora, Hans J. Jakobsen, and Niels Chr. Nielsen

Subjects
Polymerization, Milk protein, Chemistry, Casein, Organic chemistry, Molecule, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Casein micelles, Micelle, Food Science
Abstract

Here we report the disulphide arrangement as well as the multimeric structure of α s2 - and κ -casein in various species. Furthermore, the structure of the casein micelle based on liquid-state and solid-state NMR studies is discussed.

Published
1999
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Stable and metastable phase equilibria in the GeSe2-Se system

Author

H. B. Johnsen, C. S. Bøe, Tor Grande, Svein Stølen, and O. B. Karlsen

Subjects
Phase transition, Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Calorimetry, Liquidus, Condensed Matter Physics, Metastability, Materials Chemistry, General Materials Science, Binary system, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thermal analysis, Phase diagram, Eutectic system
Abstract

Stable and metastable phase equilibria in the binary system GeSe2-Se have been investigated by means of optical and electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, and adiabatic calorimetry. A revised equilibrium phase diagram is presented. A not previously observed λ-type phase transition was observed near ∼420 K (147 °C) for GeSe2. The intermediate phase, φ, which earlier had been considered as metastable, is shown to be stable through extensive annealing experiments and by adiabatic calorimetry. The φ phase, with composition near Ge3Se7, melts incongruently at 658±5 K (385±5 °C) to GeSe2 and a liquid with 85±2 at.% Se. The liquidus of GeSe2 and φ was determined by EPMA of annealed-and-quenched samples. Both a stable (φ-Se-liquid) and a metastable (GeSe2-Se-liquid) eutectic point were observed. The stable one was observed at 480±2 K (207±2 °C) and 92.5±1.0 at.% Se, whereas the temperature of the metastable eutectic (GeSe2-Se-liquid) was observed to be ∼10 K lower. Metastable phase equilibria, obtained on thermal evolution of glasses with different compositions, are described and discussed.

Published
1999
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Can medical audit change electromyographic practice?

Author

Anders Fuglsang-Frederiksen, Ian S. Schofield, P. Fawcett, B. Johnsen, A. Vila, M. de Carvalho, Rocco Liguori, Nanna B. Finnerup, and W. Nix

Subjects
Medical Audit, medicine.medical_specialty, Electrodiagnosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Electromyography, business.industry, Muscles, General Neuroscience, Medical audit, Neural Conduction, Professional practice, medicine.disease, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Nerve conduction study, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Practice Patterns, Physicians', Nerve conduction, business, Polyneuropathy, Mutual influence
Abstract

Considerable variation in EMG practice has been described previously. Since 1992, 7 clinical neurophysiologists from 6 European countries prospectively collected electromyographic (EMG) examinations. The aim of this study was to examine whether several years of mutual influence among physicians using medical audit resulted in a more uniform EMG practice. We studied whether there was a change in the number of examinations per patient and the techniques used from the first 12 to the last 12 EMG examinations on patients with polyneuropathy. For F-wave studies and motor nerve studies, there was a clear change towards a more uniform practice. For sensory nerve conduction studies and muscle studies, there were only minor changes. With regard to examination techniques, there was a reduction in the use of more time-consuming examination techniques (near-nerve sensory studies and quantitative muscle studies). It seems possible to change the EMG practice of individual physicians by international collaboration and medical audit. However, until now most changes have been minor and large differences in European EMG practices persist. The diversity of practices suggests a need for studies on the optimal application of existing examination techniques.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Variation in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Flavor Quality and its Quality Control Implications

Author

Joseph H. McGillberry, Peter B. Johnsen, Bryan T. Vinyard, David E Millie, Karen L. Bett, and Christopher P. Dionigi

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Population, food and beverages, Aquatic Science, Biology, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, Sensory analysis, Geosmin, Fishery, chemistry.chemical_compound, Current sample, Animal science, chemistry, Ictalurus, Until Effective, education, Agronomy and Crop Science, Flavor, Catfish
Abstract

Producers may capture two to three channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus L. for flavor analysis from ponds scheduled for harvest. If off-flavors are not present in several consecutive fish samples, the population may be considered acceptable for harvest. However, instrumental analysis of the muddy/earthy off-flavor metabolites 2-methylisoborneol (1-R-exo-1,2,7,7-tetramethyl-bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptan-2-ol) (MIB) and geosmin (lα, 10β-dimethyl-9α-decalol) concentrations in approximately 80 catfish from each of three commercial ponds found both acceptable (on-flavor) and unacceptable (off-flavor) individuals within a single pond (i.e., mixed-flavor populations). Ascertaining the frequency of mixed-flavor populations by instrumentally determining the off-flavor metabolite concentration in muscle tissues from a large number of fish sampled from many ponds at several locations over time is not currently feasible. However, analysis of 12,725 commercial processor flavor assessments collected in 1994 and 1995 indicated 120 instances of individual ponds yielding off-flavor fish followed by on-flavor fish in one day or less. Reports indicate that fish require approximately four days to depurate off-flavors fully, suggesting that a proportion of these rapidly changing flavor assessments may reflect the stochastic selection of fish from mixed-flavor populations rather than a complete and rapid conversion of the flavor quality of entire populations. Factors that contribute to the occurrence of mixed-flavor-populations have not been identified fully. However, increased proportion of fat in catfish fillet tissues has been reported to be correlated with a greater retention of MIB by fish. In this investigation, fish fat contents ranged from 4.45% to 30.45%, and were positively correlated (P < 0.0001) with MIB concentrations. Additionally, the spatial distributions of algal populations within certain commercial catfish ponds were not uniform, and the sensory analysis of the flavor intensity of MIB and geosmin in catfish was more variable than the assessment of the intensity of chickeny and nutty flavors. Probability analysis indicated that in certain mixed-flavor populations there was a 10 to 25% probability of a shipment of fish being rejected due to the random collection of only on-flavor fish prior to harvest followed by the post harvest capture of at least one off-flavor fish. In addition, a chance of no off-flavor fish being sampled from a population containing a proportion of unacceptable fish was indicated. At current sample sizes, replacing sensory analysis with instrumental analysis would not completely avoid problems associated with sampling mixed-flavor-populations. Until effective means to reduce/avoid off-flavor metabolite accumulations in fish are widely available, careful attention to proper sensory evaluation protocols, an enhanced attention to pond conditions that affect flavor quality, the production of leaner more uniform populations of fish, and optimizations of sampling strategies offer the most practical near-term augmentations of current practice.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Sensory and Chemical Evaluation of Sunshine Bass(Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis)Fillets During Frozen Storage

Author

Eric A. Decker, Laura G. Tiu, Peter B. Johnsen, Youling L. Xiong, Karen L. Bett, and Carl D. Webster

Subjects
Menhaden Oil, food.ingredient, Ecology, biology, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Bass (fish), food, Lipid oxidation, TBARS, sense organs, Morone, Food science, Frozen storage, Flavor
Abstract

Juvenile sunshine bass Morone chrysops X M. saxatilis were fed one of seven practical diets which contained various percentages of protein and lipid. After processing and packaging, the fillets were stored in a commercial freezer (-20°C) for 0, 9, or 18 months. Descriptive flavor evaluation was performed to compare flavor changes attributable to diets and storage. Lipid oxidation changes were monitored with the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) method. The addition of menhaden oil to the diet (> 6.5%) significantly increased (P 0.05) change with frozen storage of sunshine bass fillets from 0 months (2.1 mg malonaldehyde/kg of muscle) to 18 months (2.15 mg malonaldehyde/kg of muscle); however, there was a significant (/> < 0.05) decrease in TBARS values after 9 months of storage (1.6 mg malonaldehyde/kg of muscle). Diet had no...

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. CHALLENGES OF EVALUATING SENSORY ATTRIBUTES IN THE PRESENCE OF OFF-FLAVORS (GEOSMIN AND 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL)

Author

K.L. Bett and Peter B. Johnsen

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, 2-Methylisoborneol, Sensory system, Food science, Geosmin, Sensory analysis, Sensory Systems, Flavor, Food Science, Catfish
Abstract

The impact of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) (earthy/musty), on the flavor evaluation of farm-raised catfish was assessed by a descriptive analysis panel, who are trained to evaluate flavor intensity using universal scales. Ideally, panelists should give the same intensity ratings for all attributes within a sample. Realistically, individual panelists perceive flavor intensity differently, because of variations in detection thresholds, adaptation, fatigue and enhancement or suppression. Experiments were designed to investigate problems associated with evaluating catfish flavor. Samples “spiked” with MIB had lower chickeny flavor than unspiked. Intensities of MIB in spiked samples that followed an equally spiked sample were lower. Problems can occur when catfish are presented at intervals less than 7 min. Panelists experienced difficulty in determining intensity differences of MIB flavor between sessions, but could determine differences in intensity of MIB within a session. These influences must be accounted for in experimental designs to assess catfish flavors.

Published
1996
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results