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The article provides an overview of the global situation related to the problem of antibiotic resistance, the search for rational ways to solve the problem and proposals for the imperative introduction of functional feed additives into the nutritional plan of animals in order to increase the resistance of the animal body and reduce the toxic load on the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems.

The results of tests of a new combined feed additive Bioprotektin-KD based on milk thistle extract with the addition of a complex of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to restore intestinal microbiota of animals are presented. Preclinical studies on the effectiveness of the feed additive were conducted on mice with experimental antibiotic-associated dysbacteriosis. Studies on the intestinal microbiota of mice revealed varying degrees of effect of different doses of feed additive on the recovery of resident microflora. The results of pre-clinical studies have proven the harmlessness, non-toxicity and efficacy of the feed additive. Clinical trials of the additive were carried out on productive animals. Its effect on the productivity of black-motley breed cows in a livestock farm in the Belgorod region was studied. The use of the functional feed additive Bioprotectin-KD had a positive effect on the milk productivity of black-motley breed cows. Cows in the experimental groups that received the feed additive had increased their milk yield per lactation by 209.41-499.01 kg compared to the control animals, which was 4.01-8.78%. The quality indicators of milk have increased. The composition of the microflora of the experimental (feed supplement recipients) and control calves was studied. It was found that the quantitative composition of probiotic flora in the intestines of young calves of the control group remained practically unchanged throughout the experiment. The number of indigeneous microflora (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) increased in the experimental animals. The content of lactic acid microorganisms in the experimental calves began to increase on day 6 of feed supplementation and reached physiological norm on day 30. The safety index of the product has been calculated. The use of the functional feed additive Bioprotektin-KD in conditions of a livestock complex has improved such production indicators as calf survival, average daily weight gain, and milk productivity of cows in the experimental groups of animals as compared to the control ones.

A numerical study has been carried out to know the lateral torsional buckling of hot rolled steel I beam strengthened using steel plate at the bottom flange. A linear and non-linear analytical study has been carried out using Abaqus software to know the behaviour of beams. For this analysis, ISMB500 is strengthened using a steel plate by varying the thickness of the steel plate. Welded connection is used for connecting the steel plate and bottom flange of a steel beam. The research work aims to determine the ultimate bending strength of the unstrengthened and strengthened I beam. The load deflection behaviour of strengthened and unstrengthned beams was also studied in this research work. Strengthening of steel beam using a steel plate significantly increases the load carrying capacity of steel I beam between 6% and 22%. The percentage of increasing load carrying capacity is depend upon the thickness of plate.

The article presents the test results of the new functional feed additive — “Bioprotectin FA”. The use of the developed functional feed additive in the conditions of the equestrian complex of the Belgorod National Research University allowed to improve such training indicators of horses as frolic potential, endurance, as well as general health indicators of sports horses in training conditions in experimental groups of animals compared to control ones, such as positive correction of the intestinal microbiota and improvement of the activity of the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction by muscleweakness. Myasthenia gravis can be generalized or localized as ocular myasthenia gravis. Casepresentation: We report an 8-year-old boy who presented with 10 days history of drooping of botheyelids and 8 days history of diplopia. Examination revealed bilateral ptosis. A diagnosis of JuvenileOcular Myasthenia gravis was made when symptoms improved with intramuscular Edrophoniumadministration. He was commenced on oral Neostigmine at a dose of 2mg/Kg/ day,4 hourly individed doses and is on regular follow up and had a good response. Conclusion: Ocular Myastheniagravis (OMG) is a rare disease in itself. A high index of suspicion is required in a juvenile as it iseven rarer.

Background and Aim: Left ventricular myocardial remodeling could play an important role in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) syndrome in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular myocardial remodeling in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis and to study the dependence of the incidence of this pathological phenomenon on the functional class (FC) of progression of the CHF syndrome. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 afflicted dogs and 36 clinically healthy dogs were examined using transthoracic echocardiography. The following structural and geometric parameters of the left ventricular remodeling were evaluated: Myocardial mass and its index, sphericity index at the end of systole and diastole, end-systolic and end-diastolic relative wall thickness, and integral remodeling index. Results: In all clinically healthy dogs, a normal type of the left ventricular chamber geometry was revealed, whereas, in dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis, the normal geometry of the left ventricle occurred in 56.4%, eccentric hypertrophy in 24.1%, concentric remodeling in 10.2%, and concentric hypertrophy in 9.3% of the cases. In patients with endocardiosis, there was no dilatation type of cardiac remodeling observed. Conclusion: When compared to the clinically healthy animals, the dogs with mitral valve endocardiosis presented with indicators of structural and geometric remodeling, such as increased myocardial mass, myocardial mass index, and sphericity index at the end of systole and diastole, as well as relatively reduced integral systolic index of remodeling and systolic relative thickness of the walls of the heart. The parameters of the left ventricular myocardial remodeling correlated significantly with the FC of CHF syndrome.

The aim was to compare the anticancer and antimutagenic potency of Polyalthia cerasoides seeds and stem bark.The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative, apoptotic, antioxidation to DNA, and antimutagenic activity of alcoholic (PS-1 and PS-3) and petroleum ether (PS-2 and PS-4) stem bark and seed fractions of P. cerasoides.P. cerasoides stem bark and seeds were extracted with ethanol: water mixture (9:1 ratio v: v) and fractionated with petroleum ether. Fractions were investigated for antiproliferative effect using cell by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole assay (cell line used liver [HepG2] and cervical [HeLa] cancer cell lines), DNA damage protection using hydroxyl radical and antimutagenic effect using chromosome aberration test.PS-1 (IC50 10 μg/ml) and PS-3 (IC50 11 μg/ml) showed maximum antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cell lines, whereas, PS-1 (IC50 10 μg/ml), PS-2 (IC50 24 μg/ml), and PS-3 (IC50 11 μg/ml) showed better antiproliferative activity against HeLa cell lines. PS-3 and PS-4 were protective against oxidation to the supercoiled DNA molecule. Further, petroleum ether extract of both seed (PS-2) and stem bark (PS-4) showed good antimutagenicity as revealed by the less chromosomal aberrations compared to PS-1 and PS-3 fractions.This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of fractions against oxidation of DNA, antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antimutagenic activity. Probably, this property would be attributable by their phenolic and steroid constituents. Therefore, this plant could be used as a potential source of nutraceutical agents.

Polyalthia cerasoides is well known for its therapeutic effects and is extensively used by the tribal people of South India and Africa to treat infertility, toothache, inflammation, rheumatism, fever, and to combat stress.In the present research, the anti-proliferative potential of two bioactive compounds isolated from the stem bark of P. cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd. of the Annonaceae family was investigated.The dried stem bark was powdered and subjected to extraction using methanol and further partitioned using petroleum ether. Yellow viscous oil was isolated from the petroleum ether fraction using column and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The chromatographic fractions were characterized using GC-MS. The anti-proliferative effect of the isolated compounds was assessed against HepG2 Cells using MTT- Cytotoxicity test. Furthermore, comparative in-silico docking studies were performed to predict the binding pattern of isolated molecules individually, as well as simultaneously with α, β-tubulin, a critical protein involved in the molecular mechanism of microtubule formation.GC-MS analysis of yellow viscous oil from petroleum fraction confirmed the presence of two labdane diterpenes that were identified as 12E-3,4-Seco-labda-4(18),8(17),12,14-tetraen-3-oic acid, and methyl harvadate C by mass fragmentation analysis. The MTT-cytotoxicity assay showed the dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HepG2 Cells. The comparative docking studies of the isolated compounds exhibited strong interactions with the α, β-tubulin protein.The prominent anti-proliferative effect exhibited by the isolated compounds, along with effective binding to α, β-tubulin protein, encourages their future utilization as prominent anti-cancer molecules.

One of the largest sectors in India is a livestock sector. It has 56.7% of world’s buffaloes, 12.5% cattle, 20.4% small ruminants, 2.4% camel, 1.4% equine, 1.5% pigs and 3.1% poultry. The average yield which we get from animals in terms of milk or meat is 20-60% lesser than the global average. Their production potential is not fully developed because of the lack of the breeding, feeding, health and the management issues. And also because of the diseases the animals do get like Brucellosis, Swine fever and so on. The veterinary support for this is insufficient. This paper focuses on identifying these diseases from cattle using some Artificial and Machine Learning techniques. In this work, four major diseases are addressed FMD Foot and Mouth disease, HS, BQ Black Quarter, and Anthrax. A mobile app is being developed to detect the diseases through the camera. Data science and deep learning technology is used to detect, to store and to predict the disease. Once the result is obtained from the data, those results could be shared with doctors nearby through the mobile phone. Based on doctor’s advice some medicines could be given by the farmers itself. As a result, one doctor can serve more patients virtually.

The research was aimed at studying the efficiency of a nanoscale alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) to be used as a mineral additive for feeding broiler chickens, compared to inorganic and organic forms of these elements. Biochemical studies of the blood serum were performed using an automated analyzer. The mineral composition was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (MS-ISP). The study was performed on broiler chickens of cross Smena 7 (n = 72) in the conditions of a vivarium. There were 3 treatment groups with 24 chickens in each. Replacing the inorganic form of mineral supplements with the nanosized alloy resulted in a positive productive effect, with a tendency to increasing the content of serum protein. The nanoscale form of metals improved (P ≤ 0.05) the activity of aminotransferases. At the same time, the liver microstructure of experimental groups is similar to that of the control. There was a moderate plethora and poor polymorphoncellular infiltration around the interlobular triads with a clear morphological organization of the stromal and parenchymal components of the liver. However, the lack of oxidative stress was confirmed by the dynamics of catalase (CT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the concentrations of which did not exceed the reference level. Replacing Cu and Zn sulfates with the nanoscale alloy (group 1) and organic form (group 2) of these elements in the diet of broiler chickens was accompanied by the increasing pool of these elements in the organisms at the end of the experiment. Copper was accumulated throughout the experiment in experimental group 1, compared to the reference, with the maximum difference in the liver of 36.5% (P ≤ 0.05), in the feathers 2.5 times (P ≤ 0.01). Assessment of the Zn level dynamics in the feathers revealed a well noticeable tendency to reducing its concentrations during the experiment in all groups. Against the background of feeding a nanoscale alloy, Zn concentration in the liver exceeded the reference by 66.8% (P ≤ 0.01) only at the end of the experiment. Thus, nanoscale forms of Cu and Zn have a cumulative effect, and may become an alternative to inorganic and organic forms of these elements in poultry nutrition.

Analysis of microbiological safety of fish and fish products involves the assessment of the presence of a number of pathogenic bacteria in these products. One of these important bacteria is Vibrio parahaemolyticus – a gram-negative halophilic bacilus found in warm sea waters. The aim of this work was to verify the method of isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from marine fish and fish products, as well as to study the presence of Vibrio samples of fish products from large retail chains. Verification of the method of detection of parahemolytic Vibrio from fish and fish products was carried out in accordance with GOST ISO/TS 21872-2-2013 "Microbiology of food and animal feed. Horizontal method for detection of potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. Part 2. "Detection of bacteria species differs from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae". As a result of the performed studies, the reliability of this method of detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on artificially contaminated samples was established. During monitoring fish products, parahemolytic vibrio was not detected.

The technique of concealing information within photos, videos, music etc. is called image steganography. Steganography excels in that it does not disclose the presence of any data as opposed to other methods such as cryptology which only try to prevent reading the said data. A major factor in assessing the steganography algorithms is its security. Steganography has subsequently earned remarkable ground in the drawn-out battle with steganalysis. Steganography must be able to resist identification by steganalysis algorithms in order to boost the reliability of image steganography. Conventional steganography methods embed secret data into an image, which ultimately leaves a mark of alteration that can be detected by increasingly advanced AI-based steganalysis algorithms. Within this study, the authorscompare a method of concealing secret information within photos utilizing generative adversarial networks with conventional cryptography techniques. It is hypothesized that this technique has a clear potential to challenge best-in-class steganalysis measurements by producing high performing and increasingly stable payloads.

Blockchain is a progressive innovation technology that permits individuals to record message exchanges or transactions on an advanced, decentralized, distributed ledger, with no central controlling authority as in case of financial banking systems. Recorded transactions are seen to all users within the blockchain network and cannot be modified by any user or node. Blockchain has become popular with many other applications including IoT, healthcare, industry, supply chain management etc. Blockchain technology is ready to change almost every aspect of our advanced digital lives. By obviating third parties, blockchains guarantee to make our frameworks more effective. By going around oversight, they guarantee to make our frameworks more impartial. Also, if appropriately executed, they could make our frameworks more dependable and secure. The purpose of this review is to understand blockchain technology and challenges associated with its security and privacy.

Communication plays a very important role in the everyday life of human beings. Keeping this in mind, this project aims to aid the deaf and the dumb in communicating with others. Sign language is used for this form of communication and it is an incredible advancement that has grown over the years. This project helps in improving the communication with the deaf and the dumb using flex sensor technology. We convert the sign language so that it is understood by common people and will help them to communicate without any barriers. The main purpose of this project is to eliminate the barrier between the deaf and dumb and the others using an automated system to recognize the hand gestures and interpret them appropriately.,The system uses a combination of sensors fixed onto a glove to capture various sign gestures. The sensor values for these signs are then recorded by the Arduino and processed using K nearest neighbor machine learning algorithm. There are many challenges that come with the usage of the sign language. Not everyone knows how to interpret the sign language. Hence, we use a sensor based glove to overcome this issue. Currently, the system is able to successfully classify 21 letters and basic phrases with an accuracy of 93% for the chosen value of K in the nearest neighbor algorithm.

The technique of concealing information within photos, videos, music etc. is called image steganography. Steganography excels in that it does not disclose the presence of any data as opposed to other methods such as cryptology which only try to prevent reading the said data. A major factor in assessing the steganography algorithms is its security. Steganography has subsequently earned remarkable ground in the drawn-out battle with steganalysis. Steganography must be able to resist identification by steganalysis algorithms in order to boost the reliability of image steganography. Conventional steganography methods embed secret data into an image, which eventually leaves a sign of alteration that can be detected by increasingly propelled AI-based steganalysis algorithms. In this survey, various methods for hiding sensitive data within pictures using a combination of different soft computation techniques have been explored. This is aimed at evading detection by modern steganalysis tools and achieving higher quality output.

The rapid influx of people moving into the urban regions of the world continuously adds to the ever persistent trend of population increase in the large but small number of cities in the world, the cities face the challenge to renew and refit itself for its continued productivity and innovation sustaining its desirable future. With a predicted 70% of the world’s population moving to cities, the rapid transition to a highly urbanized population and city, creates many challenges for the planning, development and operation of cities. Thus to encounter and prepare for this rapid progression, the model of a “Smart City” developed around the concept of developing a communicative environment capable of collecting, analyzing and interacting via data from different devices around the city. This model helps in developing an adaptable system that seamlessly separates information and morphs to support different scenarios dealing with domains of infrastructure, traffic control, garbage collection, administration, services and connectivity. This paper portrays the several domains of a smart city, describing the present technologies and its ability to scale up within that domain. Finally a model city is framed with certain preset parameters, and to this city concepts introduces are applied thus serving as a framework that can be seamlessly translated to the real world.

Aim: The purpose of this work was to study the dynamics of structural manifestations of acute cases of postpartum endometritis in cows. Materials and Methods: The light and electron microscopy methods were used when studying structural changes in the endometrium in case of postpartum endometritis in seven cows. Sections of endometrial specimens for light microscopy, 5-7 μm thick, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and also by Van Gieson's. For electron microscopy, semi-thin sections were stained with Azur-2 in combination with basic fuchsin, as well as contrasting by lead citrate and uranyl acetate. Results: As a result of the study, we have established the following: Necrobiosis of the epithelial layer of the mucosa, cellular infiltration with shaped elements of blood in the functional layer, swelling of the cells of the uterine gland, and single microbial cells on the surface of the mucosa. We have noted edema of the stroma of the functional layer of the endometrium, swelling of the epithelial layer of the endometrial mucosa, and swelling of fibroblastic and lymphoid cells. Ultrastructural changes in endometrial cells in case of acute postpartum endometritis in cows are accompanied by the destruction of microvilli on the apical surface of the epithelium, an abundance of coccal microflora on the surface of the epithelium, necrobiosis of epithelial cells, and partial edema of the nucleus, and cytoplasm of the histiocyte. Conclusion: We had established that acute purulent-catarrhal dystrophic processes were observed in the structural organization of the endometrium. In the depth of catarrhal mucus on the surface of the endometrium, there was an abundance of bacterial flora, with diplococci being prevalent. In ultrastructural organization of the endometrium, we observed deep dystrophic and necrobiotic processes in the parenchyma and endometrial stroma, as well as exudative processes with a change in the integrity of the microcirculatory bed. Thus, to prevent an inflammatory process from turning into a latent form, it is necessary to detect acute postpartum endometritis promptly using diagnostic methods taking into account the obtained parameters of the dynamics of structural changes in the uterine tissues.

The survey focused on studying the dynamics of the morphological and functional parameters for calves with the intestinal diseases. The data on the quantity and species composition of the intestinal microbiota were compiled; the haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters were measured. In case of domination of the pathogenic microorganisms in the intestinal microbiocenoses, the serous edema and the leukocyte infiltration into the epithelial layer and the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa could be observed; multiple embolizations caused by bacteria in the blood vessels were revealed. Multiple small necrotic foci infiltrated with leukocytes in the liver were recorded. Extensive haemorrhage of blood vessels, cyanosis, hyperaemia, multiple blot haemorrhages, and dystrophic and necrotic processes were found in all the segments of the intestine. Therefore, the above-listed symptoms represent the risk factors for toxemia and bacteremia.

Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exist a large variety of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points.. As embedding data in an image, is independent of one another. Parallelism can be used to achieve considerable time gain. nography, although it has made communication safe, it has its own drawbacks. One among it is time required to embed data in pixels of the image. This problem is bugging computer scientists from long time. This paper discusses a method which makes OpenMP parallel library to parallelize embedding of data, which basically reduces the time by almost fifty percent and to achieve PSNR ranging from 30 to 50 after embedding data in the pixels of the image.

Analyzing ovarian size parameters and its shape is the first hand information required in Ovary diagnosis. Automated segmentation of Ovary and measuring its size and analyzing its shape can help doctors in mass screening programme in faster diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a new improved algorithm (anisotropic diffusion filter, CLAHE enhancement, and active contour segmentation) to extract the Ovary from its homogeneous background followed by geometrical and shape feature extraction of the Ovary for automated computer-assisted analysis. The proposed algorithm is tested on 75 Transvaginal ultrasound images of ovaries. The experimental results are validated against the manual measurements done by the expert and the results obtained by our algorithm are in good agreement with experts inputs. The proposed algorithm could achieve an average Error Percentage EM1 of 4% for Major-Axis length and average Error Percentage EM2 of 5.43% for Minor-Axis length and classification rate of 91.66%.

Transvaginal UltraSound (TVUS) imaging is preferred imaging modality in detection of ovarian abnormalities. The ovarian parameters are measured manually by the expert and the shape of the Ovary is analyzed subjectively. There is a need for computer-assisted diagnostic support system to aid the experts in faster diagnosis as Manual measurement is time consuming. In this paper, we have extracted geometrical and shape features of the Ovary and have used Kσ-classifier to classify the Ovary as normal or abnormal. The proposed method is tested on Transvaginal ultrasound images of ovaries. The obtained experimental results are validated with the manual measurements and inferences by the medical expert and demonstrate the efficacy of the method. The algorithm could achieve a classification rate of 76.67% for Bilinear filtering-Contrast Stretched-Adaptive Thresholding (BCAT) method and 85.8% for Anisotropic filtering-CLAHE-Adaptive Thresholding (ACAT) method.

Measurement of the ovarian parameters is one of the primary features observed in all gynecological scans. The ovarian parameters, major axis, minor axis are measured manually by the expert and the shape of the ovary is analyzed subjectively. Manual measurement is time consuming and Doctor requires approximately 20-25 minutes for each patient for complete diagnosis. With this constraint the doctor can effectively examine around 20 patients per day. With dearth of experts, it is required to reduce the diagnosis time so that more patients can get consultation. Hence there is a need for computer-assisted diagnostic support system for detection of ovarian features to aid the experts in faster diagnosis [1]. In this paper, we propose an improved algorithm (anisotropic diffusion filter, CLAHE enhancement, and global enhancement) for automated computerassisted measurement of ovarian size and shape parameters to help expert to do a quick diagnosis. The algorithm has a preprocessing stage, processing stage followed by ovarian parameter extraction. The proposed algorithm is tested on 50 Transvaginal ultrasound images of ovaries. The experimental results are validated against the manual measurements done by the expert and the results obtained by our algorithm are in good agreement with the experts inputs. The proposed algorithm could achieve an average Error Percentage of 5.27% for Major-Axis length (EM1) and average Error Percentage of 6.1% for Minor-Axis length (EM2).

Incidence of ovarian abnormalities like infertility, ovarian cysts, and risk of malignancy is rapidly increasing. Monitoring the ovaries is necessary for general and reproductive health of women. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) image is preferred in detection of ovarian abnormalities as it has a wider field of vision and has a better diagnosis rate. It allows better visualization in shorter examination times and can detect masses as small as 1 cm. Analysis of ovary is done by analyzing major axis, minor axis, and shape of the ovary which is done manually by the expert. Manual analysis is time-consuming and prone to subjective error. Hence, there is a need for computer-assisted diagnostic support system for detection of ovarian features to aid the experts in fast and accurate diagnosis. In this paper, a novel, automated method for extracting ovarian parameters major and minor axis and shape is proposed. The proposed technique is tested on 30 TVUS images of ovaries. The experimental results are validated against the manual measurements done by the expert, and the results obtained are in good agreement with the experts. The proposed approach could achieve sensitivity of 60 %, specificity of 92 %, and an error rate of 14.9 %.

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is a standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging. DICOM viewer tool is required to view and analyze these DICOM images. There are many commercially available algorithms which process Dicom images; however these algorithms are typically tuned for particular image types. This paper describes a universal transcoder for reading Dicom images and compressing these using lossy as well as lossless schemes such as Dicom rle, jpeg, and jpeg 2000. The compression technique to be used is either automatically selected based on image parameters, or as specified by the user. This paper also describes results from research conducted in the conversion of images from DICOM format into any other image format, reducing the dependence of specialized DICOM viewer tools for viewing medical images. The idea is to convert DICOM formatted files into bitmap format first, and then convert these bitmaps into other common image files. Our transcoder outputs an image that is best suited for viewing on wireless handhelds (mobile phones) as well as built-in viewers on computers, which facilitates further analysis and research to be conducted on these images.

Department of Post-graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006 Manuscript received 5 November 1982, revised 16 March 1984, accepted 15 August 1984 Conductometrlc Study of Interaction of Sodium N-Chlorobenzenesulphonamide with Silver(l), Mercury(ll), Thorium(IV) and Zirconlum(IV) Solutions

Department of Postrgradnate Studies and Research in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manama Gangotti, Mysore-570 006 Manuscript received 27 December 1982, accepted 8 June 1985 Kinetics of chlorination of aniline(S) by chloramine-B(CAB) in HCI medium obey the rate law -\(\frac{D[CAB]}{dt}=\)k'[CAB][H+]o.2\(\Psi\)[S]o.4+K"[CAB][Cl-]o.7[S]o.4 The active species in the oxidation is RNH2Cl+. Chloride ion catalyses the reaction. An order of dependence of 2.0 on the gross concentration of HCI is obtained, Indicating mixed order kinetics with simultaneous catalysis of H+ and CI-.

Chlorobromamine-B is proposed as an oxidimetric titrant in AcOH for potentiometric titrn. of hydrazine sulfate, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, semicarbazide hydrochloride, Fe(CN)64-, Sb(III), SCN-, thiosemicarbazide, isoniazid, indigo carmine, oxine, and Tl(I). [on SciFinder(R)]

Oxidn. of glutamic acid by Bromamine B is rapid and stoichiometric in pH 1-6 pH buffers. The reaction involves a 4-electron process. A back-titrn. procedure for the detn. of glutamic acid in an acetate buffer (pH 4) medium was developed. The method was extended for the estn. of glutamic acid in its trivalent rare earth complexes. The effect of other species on the oxidn. was investigated. Direct titrn. procedures for the detn. of methionine and glutathione in the presence of glutamic acid are also proposed. [on SciFinder(R)]