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Der Beitrag beschreibt anhand identifizierter Anforderungen, erprobter Vorgehensweisen sowie gewonnener Erfahrungen im Rahmen der Verbundprojekte inklud.nrw und InDigO Implikationen für die Umsetzung einer neuen Lehr-/Lernkultur innerhalb der universitären Lehrkräftebildung. Die zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden Projekte widmeten sich zum einen der Entwicklung inklusionsorientierter Open Educational Resources (OER) unter der Perspektive von Digitalisierung (inklud.nrw), zum anderen der Erprobung solcher offener Bildungsressourcen in Communities von Lehrenden der Bildungswissenschaften an verschiedenen Universitäten in Nordrhein-Westfalen (InDigO). Beide Projekte adressierten primär Lehrende als Protagonist:innen einer neuen Lehr-/Lernkultur und intendierten die systematische Gewinnung von Erfahrungen sowie von evaluationsbasierten Erkenntnissen hinsichtlich Bedarfe, Herausforderungen und Gelingensbedingungen im Kontext von OER und Open Educational Practice (OEP) in der Lehrkräftebildung. In der Gesamtschau auf beide Projekte zeigt sich eine kohärente Logik, die als Weg von OER zu OEP beschrieben werden kann. Dieser wird im Beitrag skizziert und diskutiert, um am konkreten Beispiel verallgemeinerbare, auf andere Vorhaben transferierbare Implikationen für die Umsetzung der avisierten neuen Lehr-/Lernkultur innerhalb der universitären Lehrkräftebildung aufzeigen zu können. Erkennbar ist, dass es, um den Kulturwandel zur «Kultur des Teilens» systematisch in den Lehrealltag zu implementieren, auch dauerhaft Learning Communities bedarf, die neben der individuellen oder kooperativen Arbeit mit den offenen Lehr-/Lernmaterialien auch den fachlichen Dialog hierüber ermöglichen. Der Austausch über den Gegenstand des gemeinsamen Interesses erweist sich als wichtige Gelingensbedingung, um für eine kollaborative Nutzung von OER in der Lehre zu motivieren und um die Qualität der Lehre durch Kollaboration zu verbessern. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich die Relevanz, zukünftig neben den Hochschullehrenden verstärkt die Studierenden in den Blick zu nehmen, da OER und OEP auf heterogene Gruppen abgestimmt werden können und Potenziale für die Verbesserung von Bildungsteilhabe bieten.

Yer kabuğunun kırılması veya kayması sonucu ortaya çıkan enerjinin dalgalar halinde yayılmasıyla oluşan depremler, can ve mal kaybına, yaralanmalara, yapı hasarına neden olabilmektedir. Deprem zararlarının analizinde, yapısal ve yapısal olmayan faktörler ayrımı yapılmaktadır. Binaların temel, kolon, kiriş, döşeme gibi temel yapısal elemanların depreme dayanıklılığının hayati önem taşıdığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte yapısal elemanlar haricinde iç mekânlarda kullanılan her türlü hareketli ve hareketsiz donatının da deprem esnasında ve sonrasında en az yapısal elamanlar kadar önemli olabileceği gerçeği göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, deprem sürecinde yapısal olmayan elemanların oluşturduğu risk ve tehlikeleri inceleyerek, deprem ve mobilya ilişkisini ortaya koymak, mobilyalarda depreme karşı güvenlik sağlama yöntemlerini örneklerle açıklamak ve elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda deprem sırasında ve sonrasında güvenli bir sığınma alanı oluşturulacak bir mobilya tasarım önerisi geliştirmektir.

Aim: One of the foundations of a healthy life, the quality of the house and its arrangement accord-ing to the user is important for the older adult who are at risk for home accidents. In this study, it was aimed to examine the security situation of the interior space in the residence for the elderly and to present a table containing the interior space criteria necessary for home safety. Method: 287 older adults with a mean age of 71.80±6.28 years participated in the study. Demographic and descriptive information of the participants were recorded. Home security level was evaluated with the Elderly Home Safety Checklist in Residential Interiors prepared by the researchers. At the end of the study, the participants were trained by interior architects and physiotherapists for interior arrangements and prevention of falls. Results: The majority of the older adults have sufficient natural and artificial lighting (% 90.2), the lighting switches are accessible (% 94.8), the furniture is of appropriate size (% 88.9), and the layout in the interior of their dwellings allows them to move comfortably and safely (% 94.1) reported. However, 54.4% of the partici-pants stated that the furniture was not fixed, 52.3% stated that precautions were not taken on the sharp corners of the furniture and surfaces to prevent injury, 76% stated that there were slippery floors in the interior of the house and 72.8% stated that there were thresholds. Con-clusion: It is thought that home accidents and injuries can be prevented to a large extent by evaluating the homes of the older adults by professionals, taking the necessary regulations and precautions, and spreading information about home accidents, home safety and falls.

Quality assurance in research helps to ensure reliability and comparable results within a study. This includes reliable measurement equipment and data-processing. The Azure Kinect DK is a popular sensor used in studies with human subjects that tracks numerous joint positions with the Azure Kinect Body Tracking SDK. Prior experiments in literature indicate that light might influence the results of the body tracking. As similar light conditions are not always given in study protocols, the impact needs to be analyzed to ensure comparable results. We ran two experiments, one with four different light conditions and one with repeated measures of similar light conditions, and compared the results by calculating the random error of depth measurement, the mean distance error of the detected joint positions, and the distance between left and right ankle. The results showed that recordings with similar light conditions produce comparable results, with a maximum difference in the median value of mean distance error of 0.06 mm, while different light conditions result in inconsistent outcomes with a difference in the median value of mean distance error of up to 0.35 mm. Therefore, light might have an influence on the Azure Kinect and its body tracking. Especially additional infrared light appears to have a negative impact on the results. Therefore, we recommend recording various videos in a study under similar light conditions whenever possible, and avoiding additional sources of infrared light.

Determining whether an audio signal is single compressed (SC) or double compressed (DC) is a crucial task in audio forensics, as it is closely linked to the integrity of the recording. In this paper, we propose the utilization of phase spectrum-based features for detecting DC narrowband and wideband adaptive multi-rate (AMR-NB and AMR-WB) speech. To the best of our knowledge, phase spectrum features have not been previously explored for DC audio detection. In addition to introducing phase spectrum features, we propose a novel parallel LSTM system that simultaneously learns the most representative features from both the magnitude and phase spectrum of the speech signal and integrates both sets of information to further enhance its performance. Analyses demonstrate significant differences between the phase spectra of SC and DC speech signals, suggesting their potential as representative features for DC AMR speech detection. The proposed phase spectrum features are found to perform as well as magnitude spectrum features for the AMR-NB codec, while outperforming the magnitude spectrum in detecting AMR-WB speech. The proposed phase spectrum features yield 8% performance improvement in terms of true positive rate over the magnitude spectrogram features. The proposed parallel LSTM system further improves DC AMR-WB speech detection.

Inklusion und Digitalisierung zählen derzeit zu den viel diskutierten Themen in der Lehrkräftebildung und gelten als anspruchsvolle Professionalisierungsaufgaben. Nicht allein aufgrund der bildungspolitischen Vorgaben haben sich Hochschulen auf den Weg gemacht, diese Themen im Studium zu verorten. Damit angehende Lehrkräfte nicht isolierte Teilkompetenzen erwerben, sondern vielmehr vernetzt Expertise aufbauen, sind Inklusion und Digitalisierung gegenstands- und damit fachbezogen zu interpretieren und zu konkretisieren. Im Beitrag werden Möglichkeiten der vernetzten Gestaltung von inklusions- und digitalisierungsbezogener Hochschullehre diskutiert sowie ein Modell vorgestellt, welches auf der Basis der Paderborner Konzepte „Inklusion für alle Lehrämter“ und „Bildung in der digitalen Welt“ entstanden ist und in Form des Instruments „FInDig“ fächerübergreifend zur Planung und Reflexion von Lehrveranstaltungen an der Schnittstelle von Fach –Inklusion – Digitalisierung genutzt werden kann.

Global learning facilitators from civil society organizations (CSOs) design and enrich educational processes in formal and non-formal educational settings. They need to be empowered through adequate training opportunities in global learning (GL) contexts. The project Facilitating Global Learning--Key Competences from Members of European CSOs (FGL) answered the need for state-of-the-art training about the theory and practice of GL by developing a training curriculum for GL training contexts based on a jointly developed competency model for GL facilitators. This article describes crucial elements of GL facilitator training and the competency model for a training curriculum tested in three European countries (Germany, Portugal and Romania). Coming from, and having been created for, GL practice, the model is reflected on critically in the article, regarding its potential for further development in both academic and practical contexts.

Objective Foot and/or ankle (F/A) problems may be encountered in medial uni-compartmental knee (UKA) patients postoperatively due to the limb alignment changes and alterations in weight bearing of F/A. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and the incidence of foot and ankle (F/A) problems in (UKA) arthroplasty patients. Methods Patients who underwent UKA between 2016 and 2019 in our clinic were evaluated and the presence of F/A problems was recorded. Radiologic evaluations included hip knee ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial angle, posterior tibial slope angle, talar tilt angle, talar inclination, talar dome to mechanical axis (TDMA), and talocrural angle (TCA) measured on preoperative and follow-up long-leg standing radiographs. The range of motion, Q angles, and muscle strengths were measured. Visual analog scale, physical performance limitations, and patient-reported activity limitations were evaluated for all patients. Patients with reported F/A problems were additionally evaluated with Foot Functional Index. Results Forty-four patients (38 female, 6 male; mean age 58.66 ± 8.6 years; mean BMI 31.30 ± 3.81, mean follow-up period 34.22 ± 18.95 months) were included in the study. There were 13 patients (29.5%) with reported F/A problems. Postoperative comparison of patients with and without F/A problems showed statistically significant differences in only WOMAC and SF12 physical health sub-scores ( p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant postoperative change in TDMA in patients with F/A problems ( p > 0.05) in contrast to patients without F/A problems ( p = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative TCA measurements between groups ( p = 0.79). Comparison of knee and ankle radiologic measurements between groups demonstrated significant difference only in postoperative HKA measurements (−2.82 ± 2.53 vs. −0.80 ± 3.12, p = 0.033). Conclusion F/A problems adversely affecting the functional status were frequent in our cohort of UKA patients. Postoperative residual varus deformity may be a risk factor for this. Therefore, if slight varus alignment is aimed at UKA patients, preoperative F/A status should be evaluated.

Our paper introduces a simulation-based framework designed to interpret differential phase contrast (DPC) magnetic imaging within the transmission electron microscope (TEM). We investigate patterned magnetic membranes, particularly focusing on nano-patterned Co70Fe30 thin-film membranes fabricated via focused ion beam (FIB) milling. Our direct magnetic imaging reveals regular magnetic domain patterns in these carefully prepared systems. Notably, the observed magnetic structure aligns precisely with micromagnetic simulations based on the dimensions of the underlying nanostructures. This agreement emphasizes the usefulness of micromagnetic simulations, not only for the interpretation of DPC data, but also for the prediction of possible microstructures in magnetic sensor systems with nano-patterns.

Water meters of different types and sizes are used to monitor and bill the water supply. Although the water is of drinking water quality, its chemo-physical properties often adversely affect the measuring behaviour of a meter after a while. There is thus the risk that they no longer meet legal requirements and may no longer be used. In this paper a test regime with a focus on pH, total hardness and particle load is presented which allows water meters to be tested closer to their operating conditions prior to placing them on the market. The regime goes beyond the conventional continuous durability test as described in OIML R49:2013(E) and ISO 4064:2014. The feasibility and reliability of the test regime has been demonstrated through implementation at different facilities. In the study, the measurement performance of water meters of various types and from different manufacturers was also investigated. A heterogeneous spread of measurement errors was found for both, water meters in mint conditions and those which were exposed to a defined water quality. Furthermore, compared to the conventional continuous durability test, the test regime developed in the study generally leads to stronger changes in the measurement error of the water meters. HIGHLIGHTS Test derived to assess performance of water meters closer to their operating conditions.; Mixing recipes for test waters of different quality developed to ensure comparability.; Error curves of the water meters depend on the combination of meter type and manufacturer.; Trend to less effects on electronic water meters.; Comparison carried out to tests with tap water tendency to larger water quality-related effects in the error curves.;

In this study, an innovative indirect evaporative cooler is presented and experimentally analysed. A prototype was assembled for the experimental investigation of the system and tested in the laboratory environment under the conditions of constant air flow rate of 350 m3/h, circulating water temperatures of 15°C and 20°C, inlet air temperatures of 25°C and 30°C and lastly inlet air humidity of 9g/kg and 13g/kg, respectively. Based on the data obtained during the experiments, calculations were performed for the cooling capacity, cooling efficiency, energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system for each case. The findings showed that the highest wet bulb efficiency, dew point efficiency and EER of evaporative cooler were found to be 0.91, 0.62, and 0.77, respectively.

Investments in training measures can only be considered effective if the transfer of the learned contents to practical situations is continuously successful. In this context the scientific and professional discourse regarding the effectiveness of further education, especially regarding training transfer, has intensified considerably. This analysis provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the current state of international empirical research regarding major influencing factors of learning transfer in the context of formalized further vocational training. Our review of literature differentiates the most important influencing factors on the micro-level of the specific individual characteristics of the participants, the meso-level of measure-specific characteristics of the field of learning, as well as institutional characteristics of the work environment at the macro-level. Decades of transfer research brings forth a wealth of information regarding factors which influence the learning transfer. The current analysis systematizes these results and clarifies that the current state of research regarding the determinants of the process of learning transfer shows clear trends. But there are also some inconsistent findings. Thus the question of which factors positively influence the success of learning transfer is well-studied for the micro-level in particular. The article shows that there is still a research deficit concerning the major determinants of learning transfer at the meso- and macro-level. Finally, in this context this article identifies promising directions for future research.

Two chemometric calibration methods, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLS) were proposed for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of praziquantel (PRA) and ivermectin (IVE) in a marketed veterinary formulation without using preliminary separation step. UV spectra of calibration set and samples including PRA and IVE were recorded in the spectral region of 225-315 nm. PCR and PLS algorithms were applied to absorbance data matrix and concentration set including PRA and IVE in the linear concentration range of 20.0-160.0 µg/mL for PRA and 2.0-44.0 µg/mL for IVE. The capability of the PCR and PLS methods were validated by analyzing validation samples. Assay results showed that both PCR and PLS approaches provided an opportunity for quantifying PRA and IVE in veterinary tablet formulation.

Abstract We present novel co-created transdisciplinary research that uses arts and humanities methods to explore air pollution in an informal settlement (Mukuru) in Nairobi, Kenya. Air pollution is a well-documented major human health issue, but despite many air pollution reduction interventions designed to improve health, these are frequently ineffective. Often this is because they fail to account for local knowledge, cultural practices and priorities of the intended recipients. Designing solutions therefore requires in-depth exploration of relevant issues with stakeholders. Researchers worked collaboratively with local residents to develop a range of methods to explore understandings of air pollution including interviews, storytelling, participatory mapping and theatre. Together, we uncovered contrasting definitions of air pollution, differing perceptions of who was responsible for enacting solutions, and overall a view that air pollution cannot be seen in isolation from the other issues faced by settlement residents. The methods used also allowed us to communicate about the topic with a wide audience. While we acknowledge that this research approach is more time consuming than traditional approaches, we urge other researchers wishing to address multifactorial problems, such as air pollution to use a mixture of qualitative, participatory and creative methods to engage with a wide range of stakeholders to elicit new and unexpected understandings that may not otherwise emerge.

Introduction:Lifestyle modification is the first-line treatment for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patient education and the use of technological tools that will increase compliance with the exercise program may increase physical activity in these patients. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of pedometer-based walking intervention on clinical, diabetes-related cognitive and social factors, and quality of life outcomes in patients with T2DM.Methods:Forty patients (17 male and 23 female) were randomly divided into the intervention (n=20; 13 male and 7 female) and control (n=20; 4 male and 16 female) groups. Both groups received diabetes education program, and instant messaging and calling application were used to facilitate and increase the communication between patients and researchers. The intervention group underwent the brisk walking program (40 minute/day and 3 times/week) for 12 weeks. The outcomes included the plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood lipids, body mass index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire, SF-36, and daily number of steps.Results:The HbA1c level decreased significantly in the intervention group (p=0.020). No statistically significant difference was observed within and between groups in terms of the plasma glucose and lipid levels (p≥0.05). The IPAQ-SF walking and total physical activity scores increased in the intervention group (p

Inklusions- und digitalisierungsbezogene Kompetenzen bilden aktuelle Querschnittsaufgaben der Lehrkräftebildung. Eine systematische, konzeptionelle Verzahnung beider Anforderungsbereiche in Schule und Hochschule steht bislang aus, obwohl Synergieeffekte sowohl für Schüler*innen als auch für angehende Lehrkräfte zu erwarten sind. Es bedarf daher entsprechender Professionalisierungsangebote, die Inklusion und Digitalisierung sinnvoll aufeinander beziehen. Im Projekt inklud.nrw erfolgt dies in einem hochschuldidaktischen Lehr-/Lernkonzept für die bildungswissenschaftliche Lehrkräftebildung mittels der Methode der Fallarbeit. Inklusion und Digitalisierung werden dabei in der Orientierung am Ziel der umfänglichen Teilhabe aller Schüler*innen verzahnt; Studierende werden für die pädagogische und didaktische Gestaltung inklusivmedialen Unterrichts qualifiziert. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie eine solche innovative Lehr-/Lernumgebung theoretisch fundiert und konzeptionell gestaltet werden kann. Dazu werden die theoretischen Grundlagen beider Bezugsdisziplinen entfaltet, in praxeologischer Perspektive Einblicke in die konzeptionelle Gestaltung des Lehr-/Lernmaterials inklud.nrw für die bildungswissenschaftliche Lehre insbesondere in den Studiengängen der Primar- und Sekundarstufe I gewährt und dabei Fragen der Qualitätssicherung aufgeworfen.

Abstract Detection of double compressed (DC) adaptive multi‐rate (AMR) audio recordings is a challenging audio forensic problem and has received great attention in recent years. Here, the authors propose to use convolutional neural networks (CNN) for DC AMR audio detection. The CNN is used as (i) an end‐to‐end DC AMR audio detection system and (ii) a feature extractor. The end‐to‐end system receives the audio spectrogram as the input and returns the decision whether the input audio is single compressed (SC) or DC. As a feature extractor in turn, it is used to extract discriminative features and then these features are modelled using support vector machines (SVM) classifier. Our extensive analysis conducted on four different datasets shows the success of the proposed system and provides new findings related to the problem. Firstly, double compression has a considerable impact on the high frequency components of the signal. Secondly, the proposed system yields great performance independent of the recording device or environment. Thirdly, when previously altered files are used in the experiments, 97.41% detection rate is obtained with the CNN system. Finally, the cross‐dataset evaluation experiments show that the proposed system is very effective in case of a mismatch between training and test datasets.

In areas of high humidity, moisture is a major problem for human comfort and air-conditioning systems. As a green solution to this prevalent problem, a solar assisted rotary desiccant dehumidification system has been proposed for air dehumidification. Through an experimental study conducted, performance evaluation of a parabolic trough solar collector assisted rotary desiccant dehumidification system has been performed based on the parameters including air flow rate, regeneration air temperature, inlet-outlet air temperature, and humidity ratios. Findings indicated that the highest regeneration air temperature supplied by the parabolic trough solar air collector to the dehumidifier was 45.8 °C at a flow rate of 60 m³/h. It was also found that the highest dehumidification efficiency was achieved at a regeneration air flow rate of 80 m³/h. The experimental study clearly proves that parabolic trough solar collectors can successfully provide low-medium temperature thermal energy required during the regeneration process in the desiccant wheel. The findings confirm the potential and explain specific conclusions for the practice of solar thermal driven rotary desiccant wheel system.

Objective:The aim of this study to investigate the efficacy of bilateral symmetrical proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns in increasing the muscle strength in the upper extremity by comparing their combination with elastic resistance band (ERB) use versus physiotherapist-administered programs. Methods:Participants were randomly divided into two groups (PNF, elastic resistance band). The strength increasing exercise program was administered to the participants of both groups 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All participants were evaluated before and after exercise program. The circumferences of the upper extremities and hand grip strengths were evaluated. The push-up and dip-strength tests were performed to evaluate the endurance of the arm and the shoulder girdle.Results:A total of 40 individuals in the age range from 20 to 25 years [(PNF group: x̄ ± standard deviation (SD) =21.80±1.05 years; ERB group: x̄ ± SD =21.40±1.66 years] were included in this study. The comparison of before and after the exercise revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in the arm and forearm circumferences of both extremities in the both groups after the training (p0.05). Conclusion:This study demonstrated that PNF patterns can be used in these two different modes of administration (with ERB and manually by the physiotherapist) to increase the muscle strength and improve endurance in the upper extremity and that none of them was superior to the other.

Abstract The study presents an optimised method to correct flow rates measured with a LFE flowmeter pre-set on methane while used for gas mixtures of unknown composition at the time of the measurement. The method requires the correction of the flow rate using a factor based on the viscosity of the gas mixtures once the composition is accurately known. The method has several different possible applications inclusive for the sampling of biogas and biomethane onto sorbent tubes for conformity assessment for the determination of siloxanes, terpenes and VOC in general. Five models for the calculation of the viscosity of the gas mixtures were compared and the models were used for ten binary mixtures and four multi-component mixtures. The results of the evaluation of the different models showed that the correction method using the viscosity of the mixtures calculated with the model of Reichenberg and Carr showed the smallest biases for binary mixtures. For multi-component mixtures, the best results were obtained when using the models of Lucas and Carr.

Background: As in all age groups, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is gradually increasing in the elderly. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the body mass index (BMI) on the physical function and the overall quality of life in the elderly. Materials and methods: 265 community-dwelling older adults (131 women and 134 men) were included. BMI, grip strength (hand-held dynamometer), physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) and overall quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed. Results: 265 older adults were divided into three groups: normal (n=66), overweight (n=116), obese (n=83). SPPS and WHOQOL-BREF psychological health scores of the normal group were statistically significantly higher than in the obese group (p≤0.005). The WHOQOL-BREF physical health score of the normal and the overweight groups was significantly higher than in the obese group (p≤0.005). Grip strength, SPPB and WHOQOL-BREF physical health scores of older men in all groups were better than in women (p≤0.005). Conclusions: BMI negatively affects the physical function, physical health and the psychological domain of the quality of life in the elderly. In order to avoid or limit the effects of disability secondary to obesity and promote healthy ageing, the elderly should be encouraged to increase their physical activity and maintain healthy weight.

Amaç: Bu çalışmamızda (a) lateral epikondilit (LE) tanılı hastalarda derin transvers friksiyon masajı (DTFM) ve ekstrakorporeal şok dalga tedavisinin (ESWT) ağrı, kavrama kuvveti, fonksiyon üzerindeki kısa dönem etkilerini ve (b) her iki tedavi yönteminin maliyetlerini belirlemeyi ve karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza LE tanısı alan 52 hasta (39 kadın, 13 erkek) randomize olarak iki gruba ayrıldı: DTFM grubu (n=25) ve ESWT (n=27) grubu. DF grubundaki hastalara haftada 2 gün toplam 6 seans DTFM uygulandı. ESWT grubundaki hastalara haftada bir kez 3 seans ESWT uygulandı. Tedavi öncesi ve tedaviden hemen sonraki ağrı şiddeti, ağrı eşiği, kavrama kuvveti, fonksiyonel durum (Mayo Dirsek Performans Skorlama Sistemi-MDPSS ve Kol, Omuz ve El Sorunları Anketi-DASH-T) değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Her iki grubun tedavi sonrası istirahat ve aktivite sırasındaki ağrılarında, DASH-T skorlarında tedavi öncesine göre anlamlı derecede azalma; ağrı eşiği, kavrama kuvveti ve MDPSS skorunda ise anlamlı derecede artış saptandı. Bununla birlikte DTFM aktivite sırasındaki ağrının azaltılması ve fonksiyonelliğin arttırılmasında açısından ESWT’ye göre daha etkili bulundu. DTFM’nin tedavi maliyeti 69.60 TL, ESWT nin ise 124 TL olarak belirlendi.Sonuç: Fizyoterapist tarafından kolaylıkla uygulanabilen, pahalı cihaz-ekipman gerektirmeyen ve daha az maliyetli olan DTFM, LE’li hastaların tedavisinde etkili bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kullanılabilir.

The Azure Kinect DK is an RGB-D-camera popular in research and studies with humans. For good scientific practice, it is relevant that Azure Kinect yields consistent and reproducible results. We noticed the yielded results were inconsistent. Therefore, we examined 100 body tracking runs per processing mode provided by the Azure Kinect Body Tracking SDK on two different computers using a prerecorded video. We compared those runs with respect to spatiotemporal progression (spatial distribution of joint positions per processing mode and run), derived parameters (bone length), and differences between the computers. We found a previously undocumented converging behavior of joint positions at the start of the body tracking. Euclidean distances of joint positions varied clinically relevantly with up to 87 mm between runs for CUDA and TensorRT; CPU and DirectML had no differences on the same computer. Additionally, we found noticeable differences between two computers. Therefore, we recommend choosing the processing mode carefully, reporting the processing mode, and performing all analyses on the same computer to ensure reproducible results when using Azure Kinect and its body tracking in research. Consequently, results from previous studies with Azure Kinect should be reevaluated, and until then, their findings should be interpreted with caution.

INTRODUCTION[|]The effect of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) on shoulder dysfunction and upper limb functionality is still not poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of AIS on upper extremity functionality and quality of life.[¤]METHODS[|]Thirty-seven patients who had undergone surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis participated in this study. Upper extremity functionality was evaluated using Turkish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH-T) questionnaire, hand-grip strength Jamar hand dynamometer, and health-related quality of life was assessed using SF-36, and Scoliosis Research Society-22r Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (SRS-22).[¤]RESULTS[|]The mean age of the patients was 17.08+-2.96 years and the mean follow-up period was 34.44+-25.37 months. The average DASH-T score was found 14.79+-17.35. Patients quality of life scores was good level. The average right hand grip strength was 19.84+-8.89 kg while left hand grip strength was 18.97+-8.01 kg. There was no statistically significant difference between right and left hand grip strength (p=0.67). There was a moderate negative correlation with DASH-T and SRS-22 pain (r=-0.46, p=0.01) and SF-36 pain (r=0.54, p=0.01), and a weak positive correlation with SF-36 social function (r=-0.38, p=0.03). There was no statistically significant relationship between Cobb angle (Δ) and SRS-22, SF-36, DASH-T and hand grip strength.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Further studies may examine the effects of surgery on upper extremity functionality, hand-grip strength, and quality of life in patients with AIS using both objective and patient-reported assessment tools.[¤]

Background/Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the joint awareness and knee function after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the management of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis. Methods Patients who underwent UKA or TKA at our institution for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis from 2015 to 2020 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were screened. 116 eligible patients were invited and 94 volunteer patients participated. All patients were evaluated with The Forgotten Joint Score-12 and Lysholm Knee Scale. Results Average follow-up period was 29.13±15.48 months for UKA and 31.66±2.91 months for TKA groups ( p =0.292). FJS-12 of the UKA group was significantly higher than that of the TKA group (79.74±15.06 and 63.25±19.86, respectively; p =0.024). The Lysholm Knee Scale score was also significantly higher in the UKA group compared with the TKA group (92.94±8.74 and 78.34±14.99, respectively; p = 0.002). Conclusion Our findings suggest that patients who underwent UKA were less aware of their artificial joints and had better knee function compared to patients who underwent TKA for medial osteoarthritis of the knee.

Starting with the summer term of 2020, most higher education programmes in Germany could only be offered digitally due to the Corona pandemic. For some students, this situation can be problematic for various reasons such as technical problems or psychosocial challenges. So first-year students in particular need to be generally supported in coping with the challenges of HE and especially for the challenges of teaching online. Self-efficacy is an important personal resource that helps people to manage subjective stress and to deal with challenges that arise from a situation such as distance learning. In this context, the effectiveness of a social-cognitive intervention to increase self-efficacy in a distance setting was tested. The intervention is intended to influence the assessment process of challenging situations.

Introduction: To reduce the rate of spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, distance education was initiated in all universities on 23 March 2020. Distance learning had not been experienced in physical therapy and rehabilitation education before the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to (a) determine the acceptance and attitudes of Pamukkale University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation undergraduate students towards distance learning during the COVID-19 outbreak and (b) compare the results among years. Methods: This study was conducted from May 2020 to June 2020 at the Pamukkale University School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Turkey. A total of 381 students (271 female, 110 male) participated. The Distance Learning Systems Acceptance Scale (ease of use, benefit), the Community Feeling Scale (affective and actional dimension), and the Distance Learning Attitude Scale (general acceptance, individual awareness, perceived usefulness, effective participation) were used to measure students' acceptance and attitudes towards distance education. Results: Students had partly positive attitudes towards distance learning but were undecided about individual awareness, usefulness, and effective participation. The sense of community among students was moderate in the distance learning environment. Distance learning acceptance and attitude, and the sense of community levels, were highest in fourth-year students (last year of the school), followed by first-, third-, and then second-year students. The distance learning and sense of community scores of first- and fourth-year students were significantly higher than those of second- and third-year students (p≤0.01). Conclusion: Physical therapy and rehabilitation undergraduate students' attitudes towards distance learning during the COVID-19 outbreak were positive. However, when comparing between years, students in the second and third academic years had less positive attitudes. This may be because most of their curricula consisted of practical courses and summer field internships, and there were no opportunities to practise on mannequins, peers, and patients in distance education. In this study, the sense of community among students in the distance learning environment was also moderate. This may be because students were not enthusiastic about attending course lectures online, and because they did not have to view the lectures at a set time.

In the framework of the ongoing EMPIR JRP 18HLT08 Metrology for Drug Delivery (MeDDII), a main task is to improve dosing accuracy and enable traceable measurements of volume, flow and pressure of existing drug delivery devices and in-line sensors operating, in some cases, at ultra-low flow rates. This can be achieved by developing new calibration methods and by expanding existing metrological infrastructure. The MeDDII project includes, among other issues, investigations on fast changing flow rates, physical properties of liquid mixtures and occlusion phenomena to avoid inaccurate measurement results and thus improve patient safety. This paper describes the extension of an existing measurement facility at RISE and the design and construction of a new measurement facility to be able to carry out such investigations. The new measurement facility, which is based on the dynamic gravimetric method, is unique worldwide in respect of the lowest measurable flow rate. The gravimetric measuring principle is pushed to the limits of what is feasible. Here, the smallest changes in the ambient conditions have a large influence on the measurement accuracy. The new infrastructure can be used to develop and validate novel calibration procedures for existing drug delivery devices over a wide flow rate range. The extension of the measurement facilities also enables inline measurement of the pressure and the dynamic viscosity of Newtonian liquids. For this purpose, it is ensured that all measurements are traceable to primary standards.

Magnetic shape memory Heusler alloys, such as NiCoMnAl, are considered as promising candidates for magnetocaloric cooling applications. Grown in thin film systems of adjacent layers with austenite and martensite crystal structures of almost equal thicknesses, a long-range ordering phenomenon in the shape of a 3D checkerboard pattern occurs in NiCoMnAl samples. The crystallographic origin of the pattern is proven by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The darker fields of the arrangement consist of martensite nuclei superposed with austenite, while the purely austenite regions appear bright in TEM cross sections. The nucleation process is presumably triggered by inhomogeneous local elastic stray fields of primary martensitic nuclei in the austenite matrix and limited by the thicknesses of the martensite and austenite thin films.

Regional estimates of the effects of ozone pollution on forest growth depend on the availability of reliable injury functions that estimate a representative ecosystem response to ozone exposure. A number of such injury functions for forest tree species and forest functional types have recently been published and subsequently applied in terrestrial biosphere models to estimate regional or global effects of ozone on forest tree productivity and carbon storage in the living plant biomass. The resulting impacts estimated by these biosphere models show large uncertainty in the magnitude of ozone effects predicted. To understand the role that these injury functions play in determining the variability in estimated ozone impacts, we use the O-CN biosphere model to provide a standardised modelling framework. We test four published injury functions describing the leaf-level, photosynthetic response to ozone exposure (targeting the maximum carboxylation capacity of Rubisco (Vcmax) or net photosynthesis) in terms of their simulated whole-tree biomass responses against data from 23 ozone filtration/fumigation experiments conducted with young trees from European tree species at sites across Europe with a range of climatic conditions. Our results show that none of these previously published injury functions lead to simulated whole-tree biomass reductions in agreement with the observed dose–response relationships derived from these field experiments and instead lead to significant over- or underestimations of the ozone effect. By re-parameterising these photosynthetically based injury functions, we develop linear, plant-functional-type-specific dose–response relationships, which provide accurate simulations of the observed whole-tree biomass response across these 23 experiments.

In the framework of the ongoing EMPIR Joint Research Project (JRP) 17IND13 Metrology for real-world domestic water metering (Metrowamet), a main task is to investigate the influence of realistic operation conditions, that is, typical water qualities (suspended particles, degree of hardness, and pH value), on the measurement accuracy. For this purpose, two representative types of cold water meters were investigated in more detail. Initially, the cold water meters were calibrated and then subjected to an accelerated wear test with water of different pH values and degrees of hardness. The accelerated wear tests were designed to reproduce the realistic use and service life of a cold water meter. Subsequently, the cold water meters were re-calibrated to assess the influence of the different water qualities on the measurement accuracy. One of the results was that the measurement accuracy of the water meters investigated was not strongly affected by the water quality. The practical realisation and the measurement results are reported in this paper.

This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain level changes resulting from using calcium silicate- (EndoSeal MTA) and calcium hydroxide–based (Sealapex) root canal sealers in mandibular first and second molar teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. A total of 60 patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis in their lower molar teeth were randomly allocated into 2 groups according to sealer type (n = 30). Demographic data, including gender, age, and smoking habit, and preoperative pain measures were recorded. Root canal treatments were performed in a single visit. Postoperative pain measurements and analgesic intake were measured at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours and after 3, 5, and 7 days using the visual analog scale. The data were statistically analyzed using a chi-squared test (to compare gender, age, smoking habit, analgesic intake, and sealer extrusion), the Mann-Whitney U test (to compare pain levels), Friedman tests (for the evaluations of the reduction in pain levels over time), and Spearman's correlation test (to analyze the relationships of age, gender, smoking habit factors with postoperative pain) (P =.05). The statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the groups in postoperative pain and analgesic intake at any of the time intervals evaluated (P >.05). Patients treated with calcium silicate– and calcium hydroxide–based root canal sealers experienced similar postoperative pain and no statistically significant differences were observed in analgesic intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İzleyicinin keyifli vakit geçirmesi için üretilen sinema filmleri, televizyon dizi filmleri ve programları, sadece tüketicisinin değil, toplumların da yüzünü güldürecek refah ekonomisinin tam da merkezinde yer alabilir.Sinema ve televizyon endüstrisinin işgücü kaynağını oluşturan bireylerin, mesleki yeterlilik düzeyleri, iç pazarda kaliteyi yükseltirken, uluslararası rekabet koşullarında ekonomik başarıya erişim noktasında da son derece önem kazanmıştır. Ülkeler, yaratıcı endüstriler arasında yer alan sinema filmleri ve televizyon içeriklerinin uluslararası pazar içindeki payının artması sonucu elde edilecek ciro ve katma değerle, ulusal gelirlerini arttırırken, refah toplumu düzeylerini yükseltmektedirler.Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de ve başta İngiltere olmak üzere Avrupa ülkelerinde sinema - televizyon endüstrisinin güçlenmesi amacıyla biçimlendirilmiş ulusal politikaların ekonomik kalkınmaya yansımasına ilişkin veriler ve bulgular analiz edilmektedir. Türkiye’de bu alanda meslek eğitiminin sınırlılıkları ve istihdam edilmiş kadroların yetkinliklerinin, rekabete erişimde neden olduğu sınırlılıklara ilişkin veriler yer almaktadır. Ancak sorunları gidermeye dönük geliştirilen yeni ulusal politikaların henüz geliştirilmekte olduğu da görülmektedir. Birbirini tamamlayan bu zincirin bileşenlerine ilişkin veriler ışığında süreç yorumlanarak çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is marked by an inflamed mucosa of sinuses and is accompanied by a significantly reduced quality of live. Since no guidelines for the treatment of CRS are available, long lasting clinical histories with health care costs adding up to dozens of billion $ annually are caused by CRS. The progression of CRS is often induced by bacterial infections and/or a shift in microbiome as well as biofilm formation. The exact microbiome alterations are still unclear and the impenetrable biofilm renders the treatment with common antibiotics ineffective. This study focuses on characterizing the microbiome changes in CRS and investigating the inhibition of biofilm growth by 1,8-Cineol, a small, non-polar and hence biofilm penetrating molecule with known antimicrobial potential. We performed MALDI-TOF MS based characterization of the microbiomes of healthy individuals and CRS patients (n = 50). The microbiome in our test group was shifted to pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Moraxella catarrhalis). In contrast to published studies, solely based on cell culture techniques, we could not verify the abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in CRS. The inhibition of bacterial proliferation and biofilm growth by 1,8-Cineol was measured for these three pathogens. Interestingly, S. aureus, the most prominent germ in CRS, showed a biofilm inhibition not simply correlated to its inhibition of proliferation. RT-qPCR confirmed that this was due to the downregulations of major key players in biofilm generation (agrA, SarA and σB) by 1,8-Cineol. Furthermore we verified this high biofilm inhibition potential in a model host system consisting out of S. aureus biofilm grown on mature respiratory epithelium. A second host model, comprising organotypic slices, was utilized to investigate the reaction of the innate immune system present in the nasal mucosa upon biofilm formation and treatment with 1,8-Cineol. Interestingly Staphylococcus epidermidis, the cause of very common catheter infections, possesses a biofilm generation pathway very similar to S. aureus and might be treatable in a similar fashion. The two presented in vitro model systems might be transferred to combinations of every biofilm forming bacterial with most kind of epithelium and mucosa.

Hysteresis and transformation behavior were studied in epitaxial NiCoMnAl magnetic shape memory alloy thin films with varying number martensitic intercalations (MIs) placed in between. MIs consists of a different NiCoMnAl composition with a martensitic transformation occurring at much higher temperature than the host composition. With increasing number of intercalations, we find a decrease in hysteresis width from 17 K to 10 K. For a large difference in the layers thicknesses this is accompanied by a larger amount of residual austenite. If the thicknesses become comparable, strain coupling between them dominates the transformation process, which manifests in a shift of the hysteresis to higher temperatures, splitting of the hysteresis in sub hysteresis and a decrease in residual austenite to almost 0%. A long-range ordering of martensite and austenite regions in the shape of a 3D checker board pattern is formed at almost equal thicknesses.

With approaches for the detection of joint positions in color images such as HRNet and OpenPose being available, consideration of corresponding approaches for depth images is limited even though depth images have several advantages over color images like robustness to light variation or color- and texture invariance. Correspondingly, we introduce High- Resolution Depth Net (HRDepthNet)—a machine learning driven approach to detect human joints (body, head, and upper and lower extremities) in purely depth images. HRDepthNet retrains the original HRNet for depth images. Therefore, a dataset is created holding depth (and RGB) images recorded with subjects conducting the timed up and go test—an established geriatric assessment. The images were manually annotated RGB images. The training and evaluation were conducted with this dataset. For accuracy evaluation, detection of body joints was evaluated via COCO’s evaluation metrics and indicated that the resulting depth image-based model achieved better results than the HRNet trained and applied on corresponding RGB images. An additional evaluation of the position errors showed a median deviation of 1.619 cm (x-axis), 2.342 cm (y-axis) and 2.4 cm (z-axis).