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Due to their high toxicity to healthy body cells, chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer pose a serious threat to the organism. Recent studies have encouraged the utilization of bee products to prevent and treat the cancer. The specific food for the queen honeybee larva (Apis mellifera), royal jelly (RJ) is a yellow, milky, cremy product of the bee which is stowed from the mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands of the worker honeybee. According to the reports, RJ may have cytotoxic effects in animal models. However, RJ's cytotoxic and antioxidant properties on PC-3 prostate cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines have yet to be thoroughly investigated at the cellular level. Therefore, the antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of RJ in PC-3 prostate cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were evaluated to investigate a chemopreventive strategy to increase cancer therapy efficacy. WST-1 assay was used to measure cell proliferation, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed to look at antioxidant activities. According to the data of this research, RJ act as prooxidants in PC-3 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines by lessening cellular viability and raising ROS and LPO formation.

Prostatecancer (PC) is one of the the most commonly diagnosed cancer type being thesecond major reason of cancer-associated death in male particularly over theage of 50. Accumulating scientific evidences suggest the role oxidative stressand Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in prostate cancer. ROS are produced bycarcinogenic molecules, infection, toxic compounds all of which can contributeto disturbed homeostasis and genetic mutation. Antioxidants can decrease thenegative effects of ROS in vitro. The vitamins C (Ascorbic acid, Asc), A (betacarotenoids and retinoids, β-Crt) and E (alpha tocopherol, α-Toc) playimportant role in inhibiting oxidation and reducing the concentration of freeradicals in the body. The aim of this study was to determine the anticancereffect of α-Toc, β-Crt and Asc on PC-3 prostate cancer cells in vitro. This wascarried out by cell proliferation, ROS and Lipid Peroxidation assay, caspase-3and propidium iodide staining experiments. The findings suggest that these agentsbehave as prooxidant by lowering cell viability and increasing the productionof ROS and LPO in prostate cancer. These oxidants induce apoptosis as supportedby propidium iodide and caspase-3 staining., Prostat kanseri (PC), özellikle 50 yaşın üzerindeki erkeklerde kansere bağlı ölümlerin ikinci büyük nedeni olan ve en yaygın olarak teşhis edilen kanser tiplerinden biridir. Bilimsel çalışmalar oksidatif stres ve Reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS) prostat kanseri üzerindeki rolünü göstermektedir. ROS, kanserojen moleküller, enfeksiyon, toksi bileşikler gibi homeostaza ve genetik mutasyona neden olabilecek bileşikler tarafından üretilir. Antioksidanlar, ROS’un olumsuz etkilerini in vitro olarak azaltabilir. C vitamini (Askorbik asit, Asc), A vitamini (beta karotenoidler ve retinoidler, β-Crt) ve E vitamini (alfa tokoferol, α-Toc) oksidasyonun önlenmesinde ve vücuttaki serbest radikallerin konsantrasyonunun azaltılmasında önemli rol oynar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, α-Toc, β-Crt ve Asc’nin PC-3 prostat kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki in vitro antikanser etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaç, hücre çoğalması, ROS ve Lipid Peroksidasyon deneyi, kaspaz-3 ve propidium iyodür boyama deneyleri ile gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular, bu ajanların, prostat kanseri hücrelerinde hücre canlılığını azaltarak ve ROS ve LPO üretimini artırarak proksidan olarak davrandığını göstermektedir. Bu oksidanlar kaspaz-3 (programlı hücre ölümünde rol alan önemli bir enzim) boyamasıyla desteklendiği üzere apoptozu kaspaz-3 enziminin ekspresyonunu artırarak indüklemiştir.

Natural and synthetic derivatives that contain an indole core are being used in medical treatments and technological processes. Therefore, the development of new synthetic methods for the synthesis of indole derivatives is very popular. In this study, new oxindoles with reaction of 4,7-dihydro-1$H$-indole (2) and isatin (4) were synthesized as analogs of natural product 3,3$^\prime $-bis(indolyl)oxindole. The biological properties of the compounds obtained during this study were also studied, showing that compounds 5, 7, and 12 inhibited the activity of G6PD with an IC$_{50}$ of 99 $\mu $M, 231 $\mu $M, and 304 $\mu $M respectively. The activity of rat erythrocyte 6PGD was increased in the presence of 5 and 7 and was inhibited in the presence of 12. As indole derivative 5 was an activator of 6PGD and inhibitor of G6PD, it was selected for docking studies to understand the mechanism of activation and inhibition.

A plant tissue based biosensor was proposed for voltammetric determination of epinephrine (EP) inpharmaceutical samples. The tissue homogenate was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehydeon the glassy carbon. The polyphenol oxidase enzymes present in fibers of a myrtle tree fruits maintainedhigh bioactivity on this biomaterial, catalyzing the oxidation of epinephrine to epinephrinequinone. Underoptimize working conditions, the biosensor showed a linear response in the range of 10–100 µM. The limit ofdetection (LOD) was calculated as 3.2 × 10−6 mol L-1 (3.2 µM) (3σper slope). The reproducibility, expressed as therelative standard deviation (RSD) for seven consecutive determinations of 5.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 EP was 4.6%. Thebiosensor retained 70% activity after 11 days of storage in a phosphate buffer at 4°C. The applicability of thisbiosensor was demonstrated with the analysis of real samples and a good correlation was obtained betweenresults acquired by the biosensor and those measured by spectrophotometric method. Such favorable resultsobtained with the myrtle tissue homogenate based biosensor, joined with the simplicity and low-cost of itspreparation turns these procedures very attractive for EP quantification in pharmaceutical products.

Nepeta baytopii is a poorly studied, endemic Nepeta species (Lamiaceae) of Turkey. For the first time, the biological activities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity properties) of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water/methanol, and water extracts and essential oil prepared from N. baytopii aerial parts were assessed. Hydro-methanol (41.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and water extracts (50.30 mg GAE/g), respectively showed the highest radical scavenging (94.40 and 129.22 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging assays) and reducing (229.37 and 129.55 mg TE/g, for ferric-reducing antioxidant power and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity assays) capacities in vitro. An interestingly high inhibition was observed for ethyl acetate extract against butyrylcholinesterase (10.85 mg galantamine equivalent/g). The methanol extract showed high cytotoxicity (31.7%) against HepG2 cells. Caryophyllene oxide was identified in high concentrations in the essential oil (39.3%). Luteolin and apigenin and their derivatives were identified from the methanol and water extracts. The results obtained from this study highlighted that the abundance of highly bioactive compounds from Nepeta baytopii ensures the multiple biological activities of the tested extracts, and this suggests a potential use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, and therefore should be investigated further. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion