Search

Context: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiac cells release many cytokines and proteolytic enzymes that regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM), including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein 4 (Phospho/pMAP4). Aims: To analyze the role of colchicine in ECM regulation post-ischemic in cell line culture towards MMPs, TIMPs, and pMAP4. Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on the 3T3 fibroblast cell line subjected to hypoxic conditions (CoCl2 treatment) and compared with 3T3 cells experiencing hypoxia/ischemic and colchicine treatment. MMP-1, TIMP-1, and pMAP4 expression were measured using flow cytometry. Data analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. Results: Treatment with colchicine in the 3T3 fibroblast cell culture regulated the extracellular matrix by increasing TIMP-1 expression and reducing MMP-1 and pMAP4 expression (p

Background: Chronic physical stress has many effects on the nervous system and can cause structural changes in different parts of the brain and hemomodulatory, including hormonal. Current pharmacotherapeutic treatments have limited efficacy and are associated with many deleterious side effects Aim: The aim of this research is to determine how apis dorsata forest honey administration affects FSH and LH levels in rats who are subjected to forced swim tests as a model of chronic physical stress placed in a container filled with water from which it cannot escape. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with 32 rats divided into four treatment groups: control (C), Treatment 1 (T1) with a forced swim test + honey (2 g/rat/day), Treatment 2 (T2) with a forced swim test + honey (4 g/rat/day), and Treatment 3 (T3) with a forced swim test + honey (6 g/rat/day). All treatments were administered for 14 days. Then blood was taken for FSH and LH serum tests, and a one-way ANOVA and Duncan test were used to statistically test the data analysis. Results: The results of this study indicate that the administration of forest honey had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the FSH parameter, but there was a significant decrease in LH levels in the T2 and T3 groups (p [Open Vet J 2024; 14(2.000): 738-742]

Background There is an essential need for cardiomyocyte regeneration among patients with heart failure. Transplantation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells may lead to an improvement of cardiomyocyte regeneration among heart failure patients. We believe that DFAT cells are promising candidate cell sources for cardiac regeneration. However, the pathway underlying how DFAT cells of the adipose lineage differentiate into mature cardiomyocytes isn’t fully understood. Methods We conducted an experimental laboratory study on isolated DFAT cells from adipose tissue of healthy adults. Then, we treated cells with different concentrations of reversine (10, 20 and 40 nM), and performed RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Next, we used a ceiling culture method based on the buoyancy properties of mature lipid-filled adipocytes. Stemness expression (Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4], brachyury, Fetal liver kinase 1 [Flk-1]) was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR, while cardiomyocyte expression (Transcription factor GATA-4 [GATA4] and cardiac troponin T [cTnT]) was quantified by immunocytochemistry. Results ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc found that 10 nM reversine increased greater Flk-1 expression compared to the control group (MD: 5.037 + 0.998; p < 0.001), but there were no significant changes among Oct4 (MD: 0.013 + 1.244; p = 0.99) and brachyury expression (MD: 0.157 + 0.084; p = 0.252). Kruskal-Wallis revealed that the expression of GATA4 (1.65 [0.41-1.98] to 0.015 [0.007-0.034]; p =0.017) reduced significantly from day 7 until day 21 and cTnT (5.07 [6.62-8.91] to 8.22 [6.81-9.40]; p= 0.001) increased significantly from day 7 until day 21. Conclusions Reversine could increase the expression of Flk-1, but it was unable to stimulate the expression of Oct4 and brachyury related to cell stemness. An optimal concentration of 10 nM reversine may have the greatest effect on enhancing the differentiation of DFAT cells into mature cardiomyocytes, as indicated by higher cTnT expression between cells.

Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in myocardial infarction as a critical process in the development of heart failure, involving the development of cardiac fibrosis. Colchicine is a well-established anti-inflammatory drug, but its scientific application in controlling post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) inflammatory processes has not been established. IL-10 is a key cytokine in modulating inflammatory responses, underscoring its potential as a crucial therapeutic target of colchicine. The objective was to explore the protective role of IL-10 modulated by colchicine in myocardial healing and repair following AMI, particularly cardiac fibrosis. Methods: The predicted protein of colchicine was assessed using WAY2DRUG PASS as probability active value. Proteins associated with colchicine, cardiac fibrosis, and acute myocardial infarction were analyzed with DisGeNET and Open Target databases. Analysis and visualization of protein–protein interactions were conducted using STRING and Cytoscape. A 3T3 cell line treated with CoCl2 was used to mimic hypoxic. HIF-1α and IL-10 expression were measured by flow cytometry and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. This observational clinical trial examined acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing immediate and delayed primary percutaneous coronary interventions. Subjects were randomized into control groups receiving placebo and intervention groups treated with colchicine. Assessments occurred at 24 h and five days after the intervention. IL-10 expression in the clinical trial was measured by ELISA and analyzed using a T-test. Results: Colchicine demonstrates promising bioactivity in treating acute myocardial infarction, with notably activity values highlighting its probable role as a tubulin antagonist (0.744), beta-tubulin antagonist (0.673), and NOS2 inhibitor (0.529). Its primary action targets IL-10, with the protein–protein interactions analysis indicating interactions between IL-10 and key inflammatory mediators—IL-1β, IFN-γ, CCL2, TNF, and TGF-β1—during acute myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis. Hypoxic conditions in the CoCl2-induced 3T3 cell model show significantly elevated HIF-1α compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Colchicine use significantly increased IL-10 expression in CoCl2-treated cells (p < 0.0001) and in AMI patients within five days (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Colchicine may bolster the anti-inflammatory response post-myocardial infarction by activating IL-10 pathways in fibroblasts and in clinical settings, potentially reducing inflammation after AMI. Further investigation into broader aspects of this pathway, particularly in cardiac fibroblasts, is required.

During storage at low temperatures, the spermatozoa quality changes due to cold shock and free radicals. Diluent supplementation with antioxidants is an effort to maintain the quality of spermatozoa during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the α-tocopherol effect in CEP extender on sperm quality, membrane integrity, and lipid peroxidation during storage at 4°C-5°C. This was a laboratory experiment that compared the use of 2 mM of α-tocopherol in CEP with no addition of α-tocopherol (as control) in five bulls. Semen was collected from Brahman bulls, diluted in CEP with and without α-tocopherol, and stored at 4°C-5°C. Sperm motility and viability were investigated by a light microscope at a ×400 magnification using Eosin-Nigrosin staining. Moreover, membrane integrity was evaluated by lipid peroxidation using the MDA assay and hypoosmotic swelling test. The sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity were higher in CEP with α-tocopherol. Lipid peroxidation was significantly different between the treatment and control groups. The α-tocopherol supplementation in the diluent CEP could maintain the spermatozoa quality during storage at 4°C-5°C.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the zoonotic protozoa parasites. It can prevalently infect humans and warm-blooded animals, causing human health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Chicken is one of the potential sources of toxoplasmosis, but there is no report of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and their genotypes in free-range chickens in Libya. Aim: The current study aims to conduct a survey of molecular prevalence and identify the Toxoplasma gondii genotype in free-range chickens and its association with the risk factors of age, gender, and region in Northeastern Libya. Methods: This study was conducted by examining a total of 315 free-range chicken organs (brain and heart) derived from three administrative districts in Northeastern Libya. The molecular prevalence was determined by PCR technique using B1 gene amplification and the Toxoplasma gondii genotype was determined by nested PCR-RFLP of GRA6 gene amplicon with restriction enzymes (MseI). Results: The overall molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chicken in all three districts was 9.5% (30/315), and the highest (15.4%) was in the Al-Marj district (p =0.01; ?2 =9.238). The highest prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii by age was in chickens aged more than two years (p = 0.001; ?2 = 15.530). The difference in Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in male and female chickens was not significant (p = 0.372; ?2 = 0.798). The predominant genotype I (93.3%) had identified at position 544 bp and 194 bp at the GRA6 marker, and only two positives were from genotype II (6.7%) at 700 bp and 100 bp fragment. Conclusion: The molecular prevalence of toxoplasmosis in free-range chicken in three districts in Northeastern Libya was 9.5%, and the highest rate was shown in the Al Marj district. Chicken by age more than two years had more risk to transmit toxoplasmosis in human. There was no different infection risk by consuming male or female free-range chicken. It is the first report to determine the predominant genotype, which was genotype I. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(2.000): 225-232]

Background and Aim: Zebrafish are frequently used as model organisms in scientific research as their genes mirror those of humans. Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria can infect humans and animals, mainly fish. This study aimed to identify the concentration and route of A. hydrophila infection in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish had been used as a challenge test by analyzing their hematological profiles, blood glucose levels, and survival rates. Materials and Methods: Induction of cell supernatant free (CSF) from A. hydrophila bacteria in adult zebrafish was carried out via bath immersion (BI), intraperitoneal injection (IPI), intramuscular injection (IMI), and healthy zebrafish as a control (C). The bacterial concentrations were 107, 109, and 1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. At 24 h post-infection, the outcomes of infection were evaluated based on survival rates, hematological profiles, and blood glucose levels. A one-way analysis of variance with a confidence level of 95% was employed to examine the data. Results: In the BI, IPI, and IMI treatment groups, the survival rate of the fish reached a peak of 100%, 22%–100%, and 16%–63%, respectively, compared with the injection technique. In the IMI2 group, a 109 CFU/mL bacterial concentration was determined to correspond to the lethal dosage 50. All infection groups had lower erythrocyte and hemoglobin counts but higher leukocyte counts than the control group. The blood sugar levels of the healthy and infected groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: The route of A. hydrophila infection through Intramuscular injection with a concentration of 109 CFU/mL indicated a high performance compared to other techniques. This method could be developed as a reproducible challenge test.

Background: Staphylococcus and Aeromonas bacteria are pathogens in humans and animals. The therapy disrupts the virulence structure of the bacteria, resulting in bacterial death. Currently, chemical drugs have resulted in many resistant bacteria, so it is necessary to find alternative natural materials that are not toxic and do not quickly induce resistance. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the potential of methanol extract from BSF prepupa as an antibacterial agent against S. aureus and Aeromonas through in silico and in vitro tests. Methods: The BSF prepupae methanol extract was then analyzed for protein and fatty acid contents. Molecular docking of the active ingredients (defensin, chitin, and chitosan as well as fatty acids) in BSF was downloaded from the NCBI database and docked with the Hex Cuda 8.0 program, Correlation type parameters Shape + Electro and Grid Dimension 0.6. Docking results were analyzed using the Discovery Studio program version 21.1.1. Results: The highest fatty acid contents in the extract were palmitic acid and myristic acid. Methanol extract from BSF prepupae acted as a bactericidal agent against S. aureus at a concentration of 320 mg/ml, in contrast to Aeromonas, which still showed bacterial growth. The results of the in silico test showed that defensin–aerolysin and defensin–hemolysin were bound to the same active site area. However, the amount of binding energy produced by 69-Defensin-83-aerolysin was higher than all defensin types in BSF against Aeromonas. Chitin and chitosan showed a bond on the active site of aerolysin and hemolysin, but chitosan had a stronger bond than chitin. In silico study also showed the strongest binding affinity of BSF fatty acids to isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of S. aureus. Conclusion: The study showed that methanol extract from BSF prepupae had more potential as an antibacterial agent against S. aureus than Aeromonas in vitro and in silico. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(1.000): 48-63]

A decoction of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. mangrove bark is used as an antidiabetic treatment in Asia. Kombucha tea is a fermented beverage, which is also claimed to be antidiabetic. In this work, the potency of R. mucronata leaves as α-glucosidase inhibitor was studied to assess whether it could be a suitable alternative to the use of R. mucronata bark. α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were determined for three extracts prepared from R. mucronata leaves, being the unfermented tea of R. mucronata leaves, the fermented kombucha tea and an 80% methanolic extract of the residual R. mucronata leaves. Flavonoid glycosides were identified in tea powder, kombucha tea and in the crude methanolic extract. Both the unfermented tea and the kombucha tea after 7 days of fermentation inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.09 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract showed a stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the kombucha tea and tea powder with an IC50 value of 0.0435 ± 0.0007 mg/mL. Acarbose, used as a positive control, inhibited α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 2.4 ± 0.2 mg/mL. It was found that the three types of preparations of R. mucronata all were potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Diabetes mellitus causes a pancreatic β-cells damage due to the increase of oxidative stress, thereby reducing Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity. This enzyme activity can be increased by utilizing antioxidant compounds from the avocado seed extract. This study aims to determine the increase of SOD1 expression and the repair of pancreatic β-cells tretaed with the ethanol extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill). It is also aimed to observe the expression of pancreatic SOD1 and its histopathology change. The expression was measured by using immunohistochemical. This research used 20 Wistar rats aged of 2-3 moths, weighing of 150-200 grams. The diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) with dose of 30 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally. The rats were divided into 5 groups, namely: group 1 is healthy rats, group 2 is diabetic rats, while the group 3, 4 and 5 are therapeutic groups with 300, 350 and 400 mg/kg BW doses of ethanol extract for 14 days treatment. The results showed the ethanolic extract of avocado seeds has a potential as an antidiabetic agents based on the increase of pancreatic SOD1 (p

This study was aimed to characterize lignin peroxidase (LiP) obtained from Phanerochaete chrysosporium ITB isolate. The characterizations included molecular weight, the pH and optimum working temperature of the crude extract of the enzyme, the temperature stability, the effect of metal ions and inhibitors, their precipitation with ethanol, and the storage stability. The LiP of P. chrysosporium ITB isolates was 34 kDa. The crude extract of LiP displays high activity at pH between 3 until 5 and 26–32 °C, has good thermal stability at 26–32 °C for 20 h. The activity is affected by Pb2+, K+, Co2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ EDTA, Na+, Cr3+, Hg2+, NaN3, Ni2+, and Ca2+ ions, is not affected by Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions, precipitated with the optimum ethanol at 64% ethanol saturation which results in an increase in specific activity of 2.3 times. The crude extract storage at 0 °C is more stable than the precipitate resulting from ethanol precipitation and resuspension from ethanol precipitation. These results strengthen that LiP from P. chrysosporium is another LiP isoenzyme that can be used for bioremediation processes. Unfortunately, the concentration using the ethanol precipitation method has not been effective, so further studies using other methods should be required.

Coconut water is part of the coconut fruit, that has bioactive compounds that are thought to own high inhibitor activity to the presence of tannin compounds. However, this compound is antinutritional because it can interfere with macromolecule out there within the body. Considering chance of tannins, these parts are often reduced by fermentation techniques using lactic acid bacteria. This analysis aims to review the addition of dragon fruit and lemon peels in fermentation coconut water using lactic acid bacteria in order to reduce tannin levels and its potential capability as antioxidants. Coconut water fermented drink was prepared by fermentation technique using lactic acid bacteria with the addition of variations in mass of dragon fruit peel and lemon peel consisting of 5 treatments. The optimum conditions for fermentation of coconut water were determined from the decrease in tannin levels, total acid, and the highest total lactic acid bacteria. The optimum conditions for fermentation of coconut water were then tested using an HPLC instrument. Finally, the antioxidantactivity was tested using the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method. The results showed that the addition of dragon fruit and lemon peels in fermented coconut water can reduce tannin levels, can increase total acid levels and the number of lactic acid bacteria formed in coconut water fermented drinks. The best proportion was obtained in the treatment of rasio of mass 1:2 resulted in the highest decrease in tannin content of 83.94 mg/100 g followed by a total acid value of 1.13% and the number of lactic acid bacteria was 8.4 × 107 CFU/mL. The HPLC chromatogram showed that fermented coconut water using lactic acid bacteria contained organic acid compounds such as lactic acid, acetic acid, and ascorbic acid. The highest antioxidant activity test was 82.37 mmgAAE/g. This study confirmed that the addition of dragon fruit and lemon peels affected the degradation of tannins and increased antioxidant activity during coconut water fermentation using lactic acid bacteria.

Saponin-rich sea cucumber extracts have shown antidiabetic effects in a few reports. Although the triterpene glycosides of sea cucumbers are commonly isolated from their Cuvierian tubules, these are absent in Holothuria atra Jaeger. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the saponin profile in the body wall of H. atra, as well as to assess the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the H. atra extracts. The chemical profiling of sea cucumber extracts was conducted by UPLC-HRMS analysis. This resulted in the tentative identification of 11 compounds, 7 of which have not been reported in the H. Atra body wall before. Additionally, two triterpene glycosides were purified and their structures were elucidated based on HRMS and NMR data: desholothurin B (1), and a novel epimer, 12-epi-desholothurin B (2). Moreover, the fatty acid profile of the H. atra body wall was investigated by GC-MS. It was found that the Me90 fraction of the H. atra body wall showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 value 0.158 ± 0.002 mg/mL), thus making it more potent than acarbose (IC50 value 2.340 ± 0.044 mg/mL).

Background and Aim: Cattle are an important economic asset for the rural community in East Java Province, Indonesia. The study aimed to provide updated data of cattle farm demography, productivity, as well as the role of the absence of a bull and nematodiosis in reduced productivity of beef cattle in an upland rural area of the province. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Sukowono village, Bondowoso region. A Census survey was conducted to collect data through interviews with farmers. Further, 102 fecal samples were taken systematically and processed using a double centrifugation method to investigate the endoparasitic nematodiosis in the cattle population. The demographic data, productivity, and nematodiosis were analyzed descriptively. The difference between proportions was analyzed using Chi-square with 95% confidence limit. The associations were described in risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The total cattle population was 814 heads; the range of farm size was 1-7 (median: 2) cattle. Female cattle comprised 81.8% (666/814) of the cattle population but, only 5.5% (23/422) farmers kept both bull and mature female cattle. Pregnancy rate was 26.8% (145/542) of mature female cattle. The delayed first calving time appeared in 24.8% (62/250) of heifers and calving interval of >14 months occurred in 83.2% (149/179) of multiparous cows. The prevalence of endoparasitic nematodiosis was 43.1% (44/102, 95%, CI: 38.1-52.1%). Either the absence of the bull or the nematodiosis did not associate with pregnancy rate or calving interval of cows. Conclusion: This study indicates that the productivity of the cattle in the study area was low but may not associate with the absence of a bull or nematodiosis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and costly disease that has become a primary concern worldwide. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is categorized as an autoimmune disease, which results in islet cell apoptosis and insulin-dependent. GAD65 is known as a potential marker of impaired pancreatic β cell function that appears in the initial phase of type 1 DM and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This study aimed to develop a novel rapid test of anti-GAD65 autoantibodies in human serum samples. Methods: We have developed a rapid test for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies in this assay based on the reverse-flow immunochromatography method. Human recombinant-protein antigen for GAD65 was attached as the control line over the nitrocellulose membrane. On the other side, the goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) was coated on the same membrane as a control line. The positive result for GAD65 was confirmed by a colloidal gold signal on the strip. Our novel assay analyzed 276 healthy subjects and 51 type 1 diabetes individuals serum samples from several ethnicities in Indonesia for this study. Results: Among the 276 healthy samples, 225 samples were identified as positive for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies, while 51 samples were negative. Interestingly, the positive results for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies were linear to the decreasing of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and inversely associated with triglyceride levels. A significant correlation with age was observed in all groups. The sensitivity and specificity test proved that this kit has higher accuracy (AUC value = 0.960). Conclusion: The significant advantages of our rapid test for anti-GAD65 autoantibodies provide higher sensitivity, specificity, and stability compared to previous commercial kits. Therefore, it could be proposed as the future clinical diagnostic kit for patient management of type 1 DM.

I Gusti Aju Wahju Ardani,1 Aulanni’am,2 Indeswati Diyatri3 1Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; 2Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; 3Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, IndonesiaCorrespondence: I Gusti Aju Wahju ArdaniOrthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, IndonesiaTel +623 15030255Email wahju_ardani@fkg.unair.ac.idBackground: The prevalence of malocclusion cases in the orthodontic specialist clinic in Airlangga University’s Dental Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2014– 2016 is fairly high, as 55.34% of the occurrences were identified as class II skeletal malocclusion. This type of skeletal malocclusion, which is usually recognized in adults, occurs as a result of variation during growth and development. Lately, there have been many reports on gene polymorphisms of COL1A1 and COL11A1, which are assumed to be associated with class II skeletal malocclusion in Caucasians.Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COL1A1 and COL11A1 with class II skeletal malocclusion in Javanese ethnic group patients with mandibular micrognathism.Materials and Methods: The diagnosis of class II skeletal malocclusion was established using the lateral cephalometric radiographs (ANB angle ≥ 4°) (n=50). DNA was extracted from the patient’s peripheral blood. After that, PCR, electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing were conducted on the extracted DNA based on COL1A1 and COL11A1 primers.Results: The SNPs in COL1A1 are c.20980G/A in 27 patients and c.20980G>A in 8 patients, whereas SNPs in COL11A1 are both c.134373C/A and c.134555C/T in 8 patients and both c.[134373A>C] and c.134582G>A in 10 patients. All samples show the deletion (c.[134227delA]) in COL11A1.Conclusion: SNPs in COL1A1 and COL11A1 have been found in class II skeletal malocclusion of Javanese ethnic group patients. Seventy percent of SNPs in COL1A1 occur in rs.2249492, whereas 36% of newly discovered SNPs appear in COL11A1. All samples also have deletion in COL11A1.Keywords: COL1A1, COL11A1, class II malocclusion, mandibular micrognathism, ethnic Javanese

Background and Aim: Anisakis is a global challenge for a fish product which may lead to a decrease in economic value and consumers' preference. Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, have important economic value for local fisheries. Anisakis typica is one of the Anisakis species which potent to induce an allergic reaction. However, the study about A. typica involved in the dendritic cells (DCs), T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic changed of the immune system including DCs, CD4+ T cells, and Tregs after 1 week of A. typica sensitization. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6), mice treated with crude A. typica extract (CAE) 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively. CAE was given orally per day for a week. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the spleen was collected. DCs were labeled as CD11c+ interleukin-6+ (IL-6+); CD4+ T cells were distinguished as Th1 (CD4+ interferon-γ+ [IFN-γ+]) and Th2 (CD4+ IL-4+ and CD4+ IL-5+); Tregs were labeled as CD4+CD25+CD62L+. The expression of each cell was determined by flow cytometry. Results: Our result described that CAE elicits CD11c+ IL-6+, CD4+ IFN-γ+, CD4+ IL-4+, and CD4+ IL-5+ and reduces CD4+CD25+CD62L+ significantly (p

The aim of this research was to study the antidiabetic activity of root extract of Ruellia tuberosa L. on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. The parameters investigated were blood glucose levels, protease activities, and the histopathologic profiles of the kidneys. Three groups of rats, i.e. control, diabetic, and treatment, were used. R. tuberosa L. extracts were given orally for treatment at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight per day for 21 consecutive days. The induced diabetes group treated with root extract of R. tuberosa L. (group III) had 60.3% lower glucose levels (119 mg/dL) compared to the group with induced diabetes only. Moreover, antidiabetic activity of R. tuberosa L extract was evidenced by the 55% lower protease activity in the treatment group compared to the untreated diabetic group. Finally, a positive effect from root extract of R. tuberosa L. was shown from the less damaged renal glomerulus and smaller gap between extracellular matrices and epithelium cells in the histopathologic profiles of the kidneys in the extract treatment group. These results show the potential of root extract of R. tuberosa L. as a natural product anti-diabetic agent.

Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, which can be triggered by various microorganisms and toxic secretions. The mortality rate increases due to impaired endothelial function caused dysfunctional organ systems. Diabetes is closely related to sepsis. The study aimed to determine the method of using animal models of sepsis diabetes through a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and Staphylococcus aureus infection based on biological marker parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), rats inoculated with S. aureus with a concentration of 108 CFU/mL on day 8 given IP and observed sepsis conditions on day 10th. Treatment group (D, E, and F): Rats given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8th by IP and measured blood glucose on day 10th, then inoculated with S. aureus with different concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL on the 10th day, respectively, and were later observed the condition of sepsis on day 12th. Data on diabetes bacteremia were quantitative used blood glucose levels, the bacterial count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test with a confidence level of 95%. Physical examination (temperature and respiration) is qualitative. Results: Physical examination showed that all treatments had a normal temperature, an increased pulse in Groups D, E, and F and a decrease in respiratory rate in the treatment of E and F, the bacteria found in the vital organs in all groups, and CRP levels were not significantly different at all. Conclusion: Animal model of diabetes sepsis can be observed through a combination of pancreas damage, and respiration, the bacteria in the vital organs.

The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is one of the thyroid antigens responsible for Graves’ disease and acts as a biomarker for early detection. The purpose of this study was to computationally compare the effectiveness of TSHR56 and TSHR169 fragments in binding to the thyroid-stimulating human monoclonal autoantibody (M22) at the molecular level. The 3D model of M22 was obtained from RCSB (ID 3G04), while the TSHR antigen models were submitted to homology modeling using SWISSMODEL and PhyreV2.0 server to predict the protein structures. The model was validated by generating a Ramachandran plot with the RAMPAGE server. Prediction of the molecular interaction between TSHR and M22 was performed using the HADDOCK web server (version 2.2). Analysis of the binding affinity was conducted using the PRODIGY server. Interactions within the TSHR-M22 complex were analyzed using DIMPLOT. The antigen models had reliability scores of 100% and 97.7% for TSHR56 and TSHR169, respectively. The results of the molecular docking analysis revealed a better HADDOCK score for TSHR169 (-144.7 ± 2.4) compared to TSHR56 (-53.3 ± 10.1). However, the affinity of TSHR56 (-10.1 Kcal/mol) and TSHR169 (-10.2 Kcal/mol) were not significantly different. The results of the TSHR-M22 interaction specificity analysis suggested that TSHR169 is superior to TSHR56, as the number of interacting amino acids was comparable to the control (TSHR260-M22). It can be concluded that TSHR169 represents a specific full-length TSHR antigen and can be developed as biomarker for Graves’ disease.

Chronic exposure to UVB irradiation can caused premature skin aging (photoaging), as it can trigger the production of ROS and initiate both oxidative stress in cell membrane and affect the molecular pathway. This paper figured out the potential of oral and topical administration of C. asiatica extract on hairless rats skin tissue exposed by UVB based on expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1 and MDA dermis. A total of 30 male-hairless rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 6 experimental groups, exposed by UVB with total dose 840 mJ/cm2 for four weeks. Topical gel therapy administered twice a day, 20 minutes before and 4 hours after irradiation. Oral therapy administered once a day before irradiation. Expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1 and MDA dermis observed by immunohistochemistry. The result showed that oral and topical therapy of C. asiatica extract was capable of inhibiting the increase of MMP-1 and MDA expression and the decrease of TGF- β1 significantly (p

Aktivitas antioksidan, profil asam amino dan kualitas mikroba bebontot daging ayam petelur afkir diselidiki. Sampel disiapkan dengan menggunakan daging (ukuran 1,5×2,0 cm) dicampur dengan bumbu ketumbar, bawang putih, lengkuas, lada putih, garam, gula dan minyak kelapa, kemudian dibungkus dengan pelepah pinang (areca catechu) kering dan difermentasi secara spontan dengan pengeringan di bawah sinar matahari selama 5 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan nilai pH, kadar air dan aktivitas antioksidan produk akhir, sementara kadar fenolik total meningkat. Asam glutamat adalah asam amino yang paling banyak dalam produk setelah 5 hari fermentasi, diikuti oleh tirosin, asam aspartat, lisin, leusin dan histidin. Jumlah total mikroba dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat menurun menjadi 9,39 log cfu/g dan 8,98 log cfu/g; micrococcaceae berkurang menjadi 5,31 log cfu/g; total ragi dan kapang meningkat menjadi 8,58 log cfu/g dan 6,51 log cfu/g pada tahap akhir fermentasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bebontot daging ayam dalam penelitian ini merupakan sumber antioksidan fenolik alami yang baik, dan keberadaan mikroorganisme dalam produk dapat digunakan sebagai sumber untuk pemilihan strain yang baik dan disesuaikan dengan lingkungan yang mampu bersaing dengan bakteri kontaminan.

The larvae of Anisakis were living parasites and made marine mammals, birds and reptiles the definitive host. Identification of Anisakis larvae using morphological observation methods will be difficult, especially if there are only a few samples that can be identified. PCR is an identification method using DNA from a small sample quantity and can provide DNA sequence samples. This study aimed to determine the type and infection level of Anisakis sp. at skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) from the Oeba Fish Auction (TPI) Kupang City morphologically and molecularly. Morphological analysis results of 30 Anisakis larvae showed the body parts of Anisakis larvae, namely the head, digestive tract, and tail. The infection of Anisakis nematodes in skipjack tuna found five individual nematodes in muscle tissue, 59 individuals in stomach tissue, and 1991 individuals in internal organs. Alignment results between isolates At1 and At2 against isolates A. typica comparing (outgroup), isolate At1 and At2 have high homologs. Based on the results of the study concluded that the type I Anisakis isolated from skipjack tuna (Savu Sea) was Anisakis typica.

Purpose: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4 (PCSK4, a 54-kDa protease) is expressed in the plasma membrane of the acrosome in human spermatozoa. It plays a critical role in penetrating the zona pellucida. Synthesis of human anti-PCSK4 might be important for novel male immunocontraception. Materials and Methods: We used semen from adult males as the source of antigen (acrosomal PCSK4). Isolation and antigen characterization were done by immunohistochemistry followed by electrophoresis. Purification of PCSK4 was done by the electroelution method, followed by immunization with an animal model (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Antibody was collected, purified, and tested by using Western blot and dot blot. Antibody in vitro potential testing was performed on human spermatozoa by laser scanning microscopy with rhodamine stain under a light microscope and on rat spermatozoa. Results: Human anti-PCSK4 bound with PCSK4 on the head of human spermatozoa and could interfere with rat spermatozoa activity to penetrate the oocyte. Conclusions: The result of this study can be used as a basis to develop new immunocontraceptives targeted towards males. This study shows that antibodies from induction of PCSK4 from spermatozoa may hinder fertilization.

The production of Tilapia increased the impact on the increase of fish waste, such as viscera. One of the efforts to overcome and reduce fishery waste are by using them optimally. One of the efforts is hydrolysis technology, which can produce extracts that have bioactivity. This research aimed to find out and obtain an overview of the chemical components in the protein hydrolyzate extract from viscera of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The screening was performed for flavonoids, alkaloids (Meyer, Dragendrof, Bouchardat), tannins, terpenoids (steroids, triterpenoids), polyphenols, and saponins. The color intensity or the precipitate formation was used as analytical responses to these assays. The results of screening and identification showed the presence of chemical components of alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, polyphenols, saponins from the protein hydrolyzate extract of viscera of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), on the other hand, flavonoids and steroids were not detected. These chemical components have the potential bioactivity as antioxidants, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, cardioprotective, immunoregulative, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, Cerebro-protective, anti-mutagenic, vaso-relaxing, anti-bacterial, anti-anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-nociceptive and anxiolytic. The extract has the potential to be developed in the field of health as pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products.

Although previously large-scale social restrictions were implemented by the Indonesian government, the total number of coronavirus cases is overcome China in the global ranking per July 18th, 2020, implying a higher infection rate among Indonesian residents. The surge of new coronavirus cases started since the loosening of large-scale social restrictions, thereby implicating that public gathering (including religious gathering) evidently increases transmission [1]. It has been reported that Indonesia's coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) mortality rate is the second-highest among Southeast Asian Nations, which may be associated with several health determinants, including biochemical factors and health comorbidity [2–7]. Because people's adherence to control measures is affected by their attitudes, religious perspectives, and practices (ARP) towards COVID-19. Hence, the information regarding Indonesian's ARP towards COVID-19 post-large-scale social restrictions is required. The data were collected via an online questionnaire, including demographic information (7 items), attitude and practice (5 items), and religious perspective and practice (5 items), from July 11 – 18, 2020, collecting a total of 1,345 respondents. Although our data collection did not provide other precautionary measures (e.g., adequate ventilation). It is notable that most of the religious venues are having a close ventilation system. Hence, this may contribute to the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission [8]. Altogether, these data will help in determining non-health-related factors to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Essential oils of canarium tree resin (Canarium indicum L) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Inflammation of the bronchi and airway remodeling is a major factor in the occurrence of asthma. The purpose of this study was to study the potential of essential oils of canarium tree resin on the expression of TNF-α, changes in bronchial epithelial cell features, MDA levels and protease activity from OVA and LPS exposure in a rat model of asthma. This study used four groups of rat, the negative control group, asthma group, therapy group dose 25 mg/kg BB and 50 mg/kg BB. TNF-α expression was calculated using Walter calculations, histopathologic observation of bronchi was observed using Olympus BX51 microscope, MDA level was measured using Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method and measurement of protease activity was done by spectrophotometric method, and analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that the therapy of essential oils of canarium tree resin at 25 mg/kg BB and 50 mg/kg BB significantly (P

Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by significant exacerbation of bronchial spasm (bronchospasm) and airway inflammation. Asthma symptoms become more severe by oral infectious due to exposure of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The essential oils (EO) of the canary sap (Canarium indicum L.) contained linalool, p-cymene and γ-terpinene as an anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study to determine the potency EO canary therapy toward level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lung histopathology of asthmatic rats. The asthmatic rats were prepared by sensitization of allergent conducted by intraperitonial injection and nebulized of ovalbumin (OVA) also intramuscular injection of Lipopolysaccharide from Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Five groups of rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in this research; ie the control group, the asthmatic group, and three groups with therapy of EO canary the dose of 25 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW and 100 mg/kg BW for 7 days. The contain of EO canary were analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). The MDA levels were measured using the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) technique and histopathology of bronchial stained using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and observed microscopically. The data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA with Tukey test (α = 0.05). The result showed that EO canary significantly (p < 0.05) decrease MDA levels and repair lung histopathology of asthmatic rats. The analysis EO canary performed by GCMS composed of l-phellandrene; p-cymene; γ-terpinene; linalool; camphor; limonene and 1,8-cineole. It can be concluded EO canary has potency as anti-inflammatory agent of asthmatic condition. The most effective dose therapy was obtained as high as 100 mg/kgBW that decreased 46.56 % level of MDA.

There is an increasing amount of evidence that oxidative stress related to hypertension can damage the function of diverse structures such as aorta. It is a well-established fact that chlorogenic acid and anthocyanine found in purple sweet potato generates bioactive compound with antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. The present study sought to investigate antioxidant activity of extract ethanol of purple sweet potato (EP) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA–salt)–induced hypertensive rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were orally administrated a 95% ethanol extract of purple sweet potato (var. Ayamurasaki) (EP) in a daily dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Aorta total malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathology of aorta abdominal were examined. Aorta injury was observed in DOCA-salt hypertensive group rats compared to normotensive group rats, as aorta MDA significantly increased (P

Diabetes increases in the worldwide by prevalence and numbers of complications related to it. The most common risk factor for foot ulcers in diabetic is peripheral neuropathy. In diabetic condition, Ca2+ concentration intracellular increases. NRF2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2) acts as a bridging link in various inflammatory and apoptotic pathways impacting progress of diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study is to predict the pathway of NRF2 activation that is mediated by the increased of intracellular Ca2+. Data interaction between Ca2+ and NRF2 were retrieved from STITCH (Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals) which were experimentally and prediction, then were analyzed computationally. Pathway analysis used Cytoscape software. The functional analysis was evaluated using STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) database. The consequence of increased intracellular Ca2+ content is the increases of oxidative stress, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and the translocation of the protein kinase Cα (PKRCA) to the plasma membrane as the initial step of their activations. This study reveals that activation NRF2 by Ca2+ intracellular which increases in diabetic condition through PRKCA, PRKCA phosphorylate NRF2 in its Neh2 domain at Ser-40.

This study aims to determine anthocyanin antioxidant performance with a dose of 2 cc/day based on the expression of apoptotic cells on ischemic stroke rats cerebellum. Research was conducted using ischemic stroke rats (Rattus norvegicus) that prepared by ligated for 3 h on the Common Carotid Artery (CCA) and External Carotid Artery (ECA) followed by reperfusion that commonly known as MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion). The anthocyanin extract was characterized by LC-MS and its IC50 was measured by DPPH method. The rats were divided into five groups 1) negative control; 2) reperfusion 1 h; 3) reperfusion 72 h; 4) reperfusion 24 h, with anthocyanin therapy; 5) reperfusion 72 h, with anthocyanin therapy. The results of LC-MS showed that anthocyanin from purple sweet potato extracts contained Petunidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (Pt-DG) with an IC50 value of 22.16 μg/mL, categorized as very strong antioxidant. The results showed that apoptotic cells expression of cerebellum decreased significantly (p

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1) is an insulin deficiency disorder caused by pancreatic damage characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Animal modeling of DMT1 using inducting Multiple Low Dose Streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) elevat levels of free radicals and inflammation in pancreatic organs which then damage β cells. Ruellia tuberosa L. is a plant containing triterpenoids from the class of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoids. This study used three groups of rat: negative control group, positive control and 240 mg/kg bw therapy group. Study are based on changes MDA levels, blood glucose and histologic of pancreas. MDA level determining with TBA method, glucose levels using EasyTouch GCU and histopalogy of pancreas using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Statistical analysis of MDA and blood glucose (α = 0.05) showed significant decreases in MDA and blood glucose levels. Based on the results of histologic observations of pancreas descriptively showed a decreas in cell damage on Langerhans island. Thus, the provision of root extract of Ruellia tuberosa L. can inhibit the damage in rat DMT1 model so that it can be used as therapy of diabetes mellitus.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of pericyte migration through Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)/Tie-2 signaling pathway. METHODS: We divided the rats into 5 groups. Each diabetic rat model groups injected with Tie-2 inhibitor, ERK1/2 inhibitor, Akt/PKB inhibitor, and DMSO intravitreal. Retinal digest preparation was done to examine the retinal vasculature including pericyte: endothelial ratio, and morphology of pericyte migration. Tie-2, ERK1/2 and Akt/PKB phosporylation were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: There was a correlation between pericyte migration with increasing Ang-2 (P

This research studies the effect of anthocyanin from purple sweet potato in the cerebellum of stroke ischemic rats by MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) technique. This technique was carried out by ligating the blood flow in ECA and CCA region for 3 hours, followed by reperfusion. The MCAO technique proved as a technique for preparing ischemic stroke rats. This technique induces releasing of BDNF and VEGF in the cerebellum of ischemic stroke rats. The level of BDNF measured by ELISA technique and VEGF expression used immunohistochemistry technique. The results showed that anthocyanin from purple sweet potato increased the level of both BDNF and VEGF expression in the cerebellum in ischemic stroke rats. It is suggested that anthocyanin could be used as a therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.

Probiotic of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain is lactic acid bacteria that have benefits to enhance immunity system, as an antioxidant and has the ability to decrease the cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain probiotic toward total cholesterol decreasing and SOD activity increasing in rats’ aorta with a high-cholesterol diet. This study used 25 male rats of Rattus novergicus Wistar strain that will be divided into 5 groups. The 1st group as the negative control, and the 2nd group as positive control. The positive control group was induced by high-cholesterol diet contained quail egg yolk, pure cholesterol, cholic acid and waste oil that were given for 3 weeks. The 3rd, 4th and 5th group were treated by probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain with variation dose of 3.6 x 107, 7.3 x 107 and 10.9 x 107 cells/kg bodyweight/day. The results showed that probiotic of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain therapy dose of 10.9 x 107 cells/kg bodyweight/day can decrease the total blood cholesterol of rats’ serum that were given with high-cholesterol diet of about 32.0%. In addition, the probiotic of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain therapy also increase the activity of SOD about 50.70%.

Objectives: Cumulus cells play a crucial role as essential mediators in the maturation of ova. Ginger contains 10-gingerol, which induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Based on this hypothesis, this study aimed to determine whether 10-gingerol is able to induce apoptosis in normal cells, namely, cumulus cells. Methods: This study used an in vitro analysis by culturing Cumulus cells in M199 containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (12, 16, and 20 μM) and later detected early apoptotic activity using an Annexin V-FITC detection kit. Result: The in vitro data revealed that the number of apoptosis cells increased along with the period of incubation as follows: 12 μM (63.71% ± 2.192%); 16 μM (74.51% ± 4.596%); and 20 μM (78.795% ± 1.435%). The substance 10-gingerol induces apoptosis in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT-1. Conclusions: These findings indicate that further examination is warranted for 10-gingerol as a contraception agent.

UVB generates the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and decrease antioxidants enzymatic excessively. Both of these biological effects caused photo-aging. Excessive ROS production afforded overexpression of AP-1 as a major regulator of photoaging. This paper figured out the potential of Aloe vera extract as topical gel treatment on the UVB-induced skin photo-aging in twenty male wistar hairless rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 2 groups. First group was induced by UVB and the second was induced by UVB and topical gel extract Aloe vera treatment. Each group was given treatment for 4 weeks. The expression of MDA and SOD were measured with immunohistochemistry. The result showed that the topical gel therapy decreased the MDA expression and increased SOD expression significantly (p < 0.01). The conclusion from this study was Aloe vera extract had potentially as an alternative topical treatment of photoaging.

This study aimed to determine the fermented milk of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain potential on cholesterol levels, SOD activity, LPL enzyme activity, and cardiac histopathology. This study used 25 rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar strain aged 2-3 months, weighing 150-200 grams. These rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control group, positive control group with high-cholesterol diet for 21 days, and therapy group with 1.0 ; 1.5 ; 2.0 mL/rat/day of fermented milk for 14 days. The analysis methods used in this study are One Way ANOVA and Tukey. The results showed that the fermented milk of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain had a strong effect on blood cholesterol levels and increasing the SOD activity. This study also showed that the fermented milk of Lactobacillus casei with 2.0 mL/rat/day is the most effective dose to decrease the total cholesterol and increase the SOD activity.

Shigella flexneri is the most common causal agent of shigellosis. Its pili are composed of pili protein subunits. Adhesion molecules can be found on the pili and outer membrane proteins (Omp). A hemagglutination reaction can be used for screening of adhesion molecules. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weight of the pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri that act as hemagglutinin proteins, and to prove whether there is a cross-reaction between antibodies against hemagglutinin pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri. Methods: Pili protein subunits were isolated using pili bacteria cutters, and the outer membrane proteins were solubilized and obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.05% as detergent for Omp isolation. The hemagglutination reaction used mice erythrocytes. The cross reactions between subunit pili proteins were conducted by Western blot and Dot blot. Results:. Antibodies against hemagglutinin sub unit pili protein 18 kDa responded to pili protein subunits 18 kDa; 23 kDa; 34 kDa; and 53 kDa; and Omp 23 kDa and 27 kDa. Omp and subunit pili proteins S. flexneri consists of several identical epitopes that were responsible for the similarity of the response profile in the cross-reactions of antibodies.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) on TNF-α expression, spiral artery remodeling, and placental apoptosis.Methods: The study used pregnant mice divided to five groups of treatment: Group 1, without treatment; Group 2, 1/12 LD50 of lead and Aquadest; Group 3, 1/16 LD50 of lead and Aquadest, Group 4, 1/12 LD50 of lead and 1 × 107 HSC; and group 5, 1/16 LD50 of lead and 1 × 107 HSC. Histopathology examination was performed to identify spiral artery remodeling. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to characterize TNF-α expression and the apoptosis index. The data from all five groups were compared using the ANOVA test.Results: TNF-α expression differed significantly among the groups that were not exposed to lead, exposed to lead and exposed to lead after HSC treatment (P0.05).Conclusions: In lead-exposed pregnant mice, the administration of hematopoietic stem cell may decrease TNF-α expression, spiral artery remodeling, and placental apoptosis index but in the group of 1/16 LD50 of lead and HSC treatment, apoptosis index has no differences with those of control group.

Objective: To prove that the decrease in the expression of protamine 2 affects the fertilization ability and the number of child production. Methods: During the development stage of elongating spermatids, human spermatozoa chromatin undergoes a complex transition where histone is extensively replaced by protamine. Histone substitution by protamine 1 and 2 plays a significant role in condensing chromatin required to induce the quality of potent spermatozoa. The substitution also has a key role in protecting spermatozoa from effects of free radicals which can degrade the spermatozoa quality. Results: The results revealed that protamine deficiency instigated a severe disruption of spermatogenesis affecting male infertility. In addition, the protamine expression disorder caused a decrease in number, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa. Conclusion: Our results of a study in mice confirmed that inhibin B injection caused a reduction in the expression of protamine 2 in cauda epididymis. It has implications in the decrease of motility, concentration, and spermatozoa viability so that it affects the fertilization ability and the number of child production.

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by leveling up glucose in human blood and affects increasing of free radicals in body as well as leading to cellular oxidative stress. Experimentally, this condition is able to be characterized by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in cell and histological changing in pancreas appearance. Consumption of antioxidant substances was reported able to reduce the MDA quantity as free radicals. Black soybean or Glycine max (L) Merr. was reported contains important antioxidant agents such as anthocyanin and isoflavone. This paper discloses recent investigation on application of black soybean water extract to reduce the MDA level on diabetes mellitus-rat model induced by STZ (DM) and also reports the pancreas histological changing of the DM rats. Investigation revealed that black soybean water extract significantly affect decreasing of MDA level by 4.9%, 27.1% and 45.7% in three different doses theraphy (500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW). Histologically, it also clearly indicates repairing of pancreas tissue of the DM rats.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multi-factorial disorder caused by genetic factors, environmental and immune response. One of the causes of IBD is a side effect of non-steroidal of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Indomethacin is an NSAID that activates macrophages and triggers increasing of protease activity. Mas Ngur shells (Atactodea striata) contains an antioxidant that inhibits the protease activity. This research used rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by Indomethacin and treated with methanol extract of Mas Ngur shells (A. striata) at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg of body weight (BW). Therapy potency of the Mas Ngur shells methanol extracts were identified by measuring protease activity and observed the Jejenum histopathology. Statistical analysis showed that the Mas Ngur shells therapy showed significant differences (p

Zona pellucida is one of the protective layer of the egg cell and has a function as an intermediary species-specific fertilization. Glycoproteins of human and bovine zona pellucida is composed of three types, namely ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3. ZP3 gene has amino acid sequence homology with other mammals. Oligosaccharides components of the zona pellucida glycans are composed from units of asparagine residues (N -linked) and serine/threonine (O-linked). The aims of this study was to analyze the DNA sequences of human and bovine and further predicts glycans site on amino acid sequence of human and bovine ZP3. In this study, ZP3 gene fragments have been isolated from bovine and humans were analyzed in Silico. This work were conducted by comparing the data of DNA sequence from human and bovine PCR product using NCBI BLAST. The results showed that there were similarities at amino acid positions number 23-38. bZP3 sequence had three glycans site (Asn-X-Thr/Ser) and one site on hZP3 glycans. One of the sites was conserved between the two species.

This paper reports a screening results of the secondary metabolites composed in Spathodea campanulata Beauv stem bark, evaluate inhibiting activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) on rat’s cancer model exposed with benzopyrene, and the histology of its lung. The secondary metabolite of the stem bark fraction consisted of alkaloids, flavonoids-phenolic, terpenoid and steroid compounds. The isolated fraction contained of these metabolites significantly indicate bioactivity by reducting of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and also histology appearance of the lung tissue prepared from the benzopyrene-exposed rat indicated a curative activity.