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1. Implementation of an imaging spectrometer for localization and identification of radioactive sources

Author

Olivier Giarmana, Audrey Patoz, Daniel De Toro, Stephane Normand, Yves Menesguen, Philippe Talent, N. Menaa, Jean-Claude Angelique, Hermine Lemaire, Mehdi Gmar, Tebug Timi, Roger Abou Khalil, Florent Bonnet, Frederick Carrel, K. Amgarou, Vincent Schoepff, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CANBERRA France, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST))

Subjects
Time over Threshold, energy resolution, Imaging spectrometer, readout electronics, nuclear industry, homeland security applications, impact size, detection matrix, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, nuclear electronics, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Sensitivity, pixel size tests, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, law, GAMPIX technology, energy sensitivity, Instrumentation, Gamma camera, CALIBRATION, Physics, preamplifiers, spectrometers, radioactive sources, Detector, imaging spectrometer development, PIXEL DETECTOR, Detectors, Dispersion, Cameras, Chip, GAMPIX gamma camera, TIME, pulse time spent, GAMMA-CAMERA, user-specified threshold, imaging spectrometer implementation, national security, Computer hardware, system design, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Medipix3 readout chip, GAMPIX, spectrometric information limitation, Preamplifier, energy calibration, Gamma imaging, radioactive materials identification, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], 03 medical and health sciences, Software portability, Timepix, Nuclear electronics, 0103 physical sciences, radioactive source localization, Calibration, ToT approach superiority, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, gamma-ray energy deposition, pixelated Timepix readout chip, Spectrometer, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, ToT mode, experimental tests, time over threshold mode, radioactive source identification, radioactive sources spatial localization, spectrometric methods, charge preamplifiers, RESOLUTION, newly implemented imaging spectrometer improve performances, CEA LIST, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Spatial localization of radioactive sources is currently a main issue interesting nuclear industry as well as homeland security applications and can be achieved using gamma cameras. For several years, CEA LIST has been designing a new system, called GAMPIX, with improved sensitivity, portability and ease of use. The main remaining limitation of this system is the lack of spectrometric information, preventing the identification of radioactive materials. This article describes the development of an imaging spectrometer based on the GAMPIX technology. Experimental tests have been carried out according to both spectrometric methods enabled by the pixelated Timepix chip used in the GAMPIX gamma camera. The first method is based on the size of the impacts produced by a gamma-ray energy deposition in the detection matrix. The second one uses the Time over Threshold (ToT) mode of the Timepix chip and deals with time spent by pulses generated by charge preamplifiers over a user-specified threshold. Both energy resolution and sensitivity studies demonstrated the superiority of the ToT approach which will consequently be further explored. Energy calibration, tests of different pixel sizes for the Timepix chip and use of the Medipix3 chip are future milestones to improve performances of the newly implemented imaging spectrometer.

Published
2014
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2. Evaluation of the next generation gamma imager

Author

Vincent Schoepff, Hermine Lemaire, Stephane Dogny, Mehdi Gmar, K. Amgarou, Thierry Varet, Roger Abou Khalil, Frederick Carrel, Tebug Timi, Philippe Talent, N. Menaa, Nicolas Blanc de Lanaute, Audrey Patoz, CANBERRA France, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Groupe AREVA, European Project: 242361,EC:FP7:SEC,FP7-SEC-2009-1,BOOSTER(2010), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation de Systèmes (LM2S)

Subjects
coded mask aperture, Photon, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, radioactivity measurement, radioactive hotspots, gamma shielding, background noise subtraction, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, solid scintillation detector, Image resolution, Monte Carlo, nuclear instrumentation, MCNP code, Physics, instrumentation, CdTe substrate, Detector, Detectors, gamma-rays, Chip, simulation, Cameras, Prototype, solid scintillation detectors, radioactivity, ALARA principle implementation, Camera, ionizing radiation, gamma-ray detection response, parallax correction, Aperture, Gamma imaging, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Monte Carlo simulations, 010309 optics, Background noise, Optics, Apertures, 0103 physical sciences, next generation gamma imager evaluation, Prototypes, Angular resolution, gamma-ray detection, spatial radioactivity map, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], CMOS pixilated readout chip, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, nuclear measurement solutions, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, radiation exposure levels, Radiation protection, energy discrimination, business, pixilated chip hybridization, radiation protection
Abstract

Conference of 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications, ANIMMA 2013 ; Conference Date: 23 June 2013 Through 27 June 2013; Conference Code:102802; International audience; Towards the end of their life-cycle, nuclear facilities are generally associated with high levels of radiation exposure. The implementation of the ALARA principle requires limiting the radiation exposure of the operating people during the different tasks of maintenance, decontamination and decommissioning. CANBERRA's latest involvement in the provision of nuclear measurement solutions has led, in the framework of a technology transfer agreement with CEA LIST, to the development of a new generation gamma imager. The latter, which is designed for an accurate localization of radioactive hotspots, consists of a pixilated chip hybridized to a 1 mm thick CdTe substrate to record photon pulses and a coded mask aperture allowing for background noise subtraction by means of a procedure called mask/anti-mask, which greatly contributes to the reduced size and weight of the gamma imager as gamma shielding around the detector is less required. The spatial radioactivity map is automatically superimposed onto a pre-recorded photographic (visible) image of the scene of interest. In an effort to evaluate the performances of the new gamma imager, several experimental tests have been performed on a industrial prototype to investigate its detection response, including photon sensitivity and angular resolution, over a wide energy range (at least from 59 keV to 1330 keV). The impact of the background noise was also evaluated together with some future features like energy discrimination and parallax correction. This paper presents and discusses the main results obtained in the above experimental study. A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP code is provided as well.

Published
2013
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3. A comprehensive experimental characterization of the iPIX gamma imager

Author

V. Paradiso, P. Couturier, K. Amgarou, Frank Becker, J. Handley, N. Menaa, Audrey Patoz, and F. Bonnet

Subjects
Measurement point, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Equivalent dose, Cdte detector, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), Optics, 0103 physical sciences, RGB color model, Angular resolution, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Dose rate, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The results of more than 280 different experiments aimed at exploring the main features and performances of a newly developed gamma imager, called iPIX, are summarized in this paper. iPIX is designed to quickly localize radioactive sources while estimating the ambient dose equivalent rate at the measurement point. It integrates a 1 mm thick CdTe detector directly bump-bonded to a Timepix chip, a tungsten coded-aperture mask, and a mini RGB camera. It also represents a major technological breakthrough in terms of lightness, compactness, usability, response sensitivity, and angular resolution. As an example of its key strengths, an (241)Am source with a dose rate of only few nSv/h can be localized in less than one minute.

Published
2016
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