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Aim: To determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate pretreatment on the onset of action of vecuronium and on the duration of action of vecuronium. 100 patients of aged between 18-55 years of ASA grade I and II undergoing surgery under Material And Methods: general anaesthesia were included and devided in two groups. Fifteen minutes before induction of anaesthesia, patients in Group- I received magnesium sulphate 40mg/kg in 0.9% normal saline 100 ml as an intravenous infusion over 15 minutes, and Group-II received 0.9% normal saline 100 ml without magnesium sulphate. After the end of surgery, when the amplitude of T1 was recovered to 10%, patients in both groups received inj. neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg and inj. glycopyrolate 0.02mg/kg IV. After neostigmin-glycopyrolate administration, T1 was measured up to 10 minutes in both groups. Neuromuscular transmission was assessed by electromyography on the left hypothenar muscle, using trans-cutaneous electrodes. The measurement was done after induction of anaesthesia. reduction in mean onse Result: t time was statistically highly signicant in magnesium sulphate group 171.26±30.97 sec vs control group 281.02 ± 33.22 second, (p

Interest is growing among small-scale growers in grafting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for improved crop productivity. Healing of newly grafted plants is often considered to be a critical process requiring a highly controlled environment. Setting up healing chambers and managing healing conditions can be major challenges for small-scale producers that limit graft survival and discourage further attempts at using grafting technology. Here, we demonstrate a simple “chamberless healing” strategy for grafted tomato plants using regular indoor conditions without the need to install and manage a sophisticated healing chamber. We hypothesize that tomato can form a high-quality graft in a healing environment with relative humidity below 70% and ambient temperatures between 22 and 25 °C. ‘Tribute’ beefsteak tomato as the scion was grafted onto ‘Estamino’ rootstock in the 2018 experiment, whereas ‘Multifort’ and ‘Shield RZ F1 (61-802)’ were used as the rootstocks in the 2019 experiment. After grafting, the seedlings for the chamberless healing treatment were kept in uncovered seedling trays and misted with water two or three times per day. Seedlings in other treatments were placed in a humidity dome or wrapped chamber to maintain high humidity during the first few days after grafting. In the 2018 experiment, chamberless healing was compared with covered treatments with different ventilation times during the first few days after grafting. In the 2019 experiment, chamberless healing was compared with a standard graft healing chamber treatment to further validate its feasibility. In both 2018 and 2019, all treatments showed high graft survival rates (>85%) at 21 days after grafting (DAG), and plants from the chamberless healing treatment had a lower incidence of adventitious root growth than plants from other healing treatments (0% to 7% vs. 33% to 78%). In the 2019 experiment, no differences in graft union strength, photosynthetic rate, biomass accumulation, or flowering time were observed between the chamberless and standard healing treatments. Plants with chamberless healing were slightly (8%) shorter than the standard treatment at 21 DAG, but no difference was observed at 27 DAG. Although some additional management is required during healing to prevent water loss, the alternative chamberless system assessed in this study exhibited great potential to facilitate small-scale graft healing for producing grafted tomato transplants under standard indoor conditions without any sophisticated healing environment and management.

Background: Abnormalities in computed tomography myocardial perfusion has been associated with coronary artery disease and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We sought to investigate if subendocardial attenuation using coronary computed tomography angiography predicts MACE 30 days postelective noncardiac surgery. Methods: Using a 17-segment model, coronary computed tomography angiography images were analyzed for subendocardial and transmural attenuation and the corresponding blood pool. The segment with the lowest subendocardial attenuation and transmural attenuation were normalized to the segment with the highest subendocardial and transmural attenuation, respectively (SUB normalized , and TRANS normalized , respectively). We evaluated the independent and incremental value of myocardial attenuation to predict the composite of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Results: Of a total of 995 coronary CTA VISION (Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Vascular Events in Noncardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation Study) patients, 735 had available images and complete data for these analyses. Among these patients, 60 had MACE. Based on Revised Cardiovascular Risk Index, 257, 302, 138, and 38 patients had scores of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3, respectively. On coronary computed tomography angiography, 75 patients had normal coronary arteries, 297 patients had nonobstructive coronary artery disease, 264 patients had obstructive disease, and 99 patients had extensive obstructive coronary artery disease. SUB normalized was an independent and incremental predictor of events in the model that included Revised Cardiovascular Risk Index and coronary artery disease severity. Compared with patients in the highest tertile of SUB normalized , patients in the second and first tertiles had an increased hazards ratio for events (2.23 [95% CI, 1.091–4.551] and 2.36 [95% CI, 1.16–4.81], respectively). TRANS normalized , as a continuous variable, was also found to be a predictor of MACE ( P =0.027). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that SUB normalized and TRANS normalized are independent and incremental predictors of MACE 30 days after elective noncardiac surgery. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01635309.

In recent years the use of concrete has increased day by day due to various advantages such as good strength, long life, low maintenance etc. Due to increase in uses the environment of earth is affected. The main effect of increase is temperature that melts the glaciers and increases the water level. One of the efforts to produce more environmentally friendly concrete is to reduce the use of ordinary Portland cement (O.P.C) by replacing the cement in concrete with geo-polymers. In geo-polymer concrete cement is replaced by fly ash and alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide (Na OH) and sodium silicate (Na2O, SiO2) to make the binder necessary to manufacture the concrete. One tone of fly ash can be utilized for manufacturing about 2.5 cubic meter of high quality Geo-polymer concrete. Test experiments proved as fly ash based Geo-polymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and flexural strength. Trial mixes were done and noted the properties of Geopolymer concrete in hardened state such as compressive strength and flexural strength. The result is show that the geopolymer concrete is again high compressive and flexural strength as comparing with the ordinary Portland cement concrete. When concrete cubes of M15, M20 and M25 was compared to geopolymer concrete cubes of 12M, 14M and 16M it was seen that the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is increasing by 34.43,10.24 and 10.12 percentage in 28 days.