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A proposed core–shell gate all-around junctionless field-effect transistor (CS GAA JLFET) is studied using extensive simulations. An oppositely doped core is sandwiched between the shells to achieve lesser leakage current due to an increase in tunneling width at the channel/drain interface and an increase in source/channel barrier height. The core doping is initially optimized, followed by the variation of channel length. Different gate dielectric is studied and investigated. The best performance parameters are obtained for channel length 20 nm with k = 15. The OFF current of ∼10−16 A/µm, ON current of ∼10−4 A/µm, ON/OFF current ratio ∼1012, subthreshold slope of 60.61 mV/decade, and drain-induced barrier lowering of 8.5 mV/V are obtained. The study is done using contour plots, surface potential, and central potential to better understand the proposed CS GAA JLFET device. The better control over the carriers in GAA configuration and the advantage of core–shell architecture helps achieve significant improvement in performance parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an ANN-based framework for forecasting the daily solar irradiance with the meteorological data collected over 10 years for Hisar city, located in Haryana. Meteorological information like temperature, relative humidity, and average wind speed is used as input variables for estimating sun irradiation in order to obtain high accuracy under various weather situations. Meteorological information is used as input variables for estimating the solar irradiation in order to obtain acceptable accuracy in a variety of weather circumstances. In addition, it was suggested in this paper that the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model be trained using the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) Algorithm. The following task is to choose the best solar panel (SP) out of the thousands that are currently on the market. Due to a crucial component like weather, choosing the finest SP is important. Hence, this paper introduces a score-based model for selecting the best panel by considering the different criteria of the eleven SPs that are used as test panels. The annual power produced by panel P11 is 79.67% better than panel P1. Finally, based on the average power generated, the proposed panel P11 is regarded as the best panel when compared to other panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevia a „Latin American herb‟ is the world‟s only natural sweetener with zero calories, zero carbohydrates and a zero glycemic index. In the present investigation, the in vitro regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana was performed through callogenesis and organogenesis from different explants (Leaves, Inter node, Shoot discs). Leaves explants showed best callus induction response when cultured on MS + (2.0 μM BAP + 1.0 μM NAA). However, the best callus initiation from leaf explants was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM NAA + 1.0 μM Kn. Optimization results of medium type and carbon source confirm 1X MS medium and glucose (3%) respectively best for callus initiation. Shoot initiation was achieved on 1X MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μM BAP + 1.0 μM NAA. In vitro raised shoots of Stevia showed best rooting on 1X MS + (1.0 μM IAA). The methanolic extracts of regenerated plants and callus culture of Stevia showed best antibacterial and antifungal activity against a number of microorganisms. Antiprotozoal activity of methanolic extract was also tested and found satisfactory. In vitro regeneration protocol of Stevia through callus culture is advantageous for enhanced multiplication of superior Stevia cultivars. Furthermore, callus from leaf explants can be a good source for production of antimicrobial and antiprotozoal compound of Stevia through bioreactor.

A low power, low noise amplifier (LNA) for 3.1-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless applications is reported in this paper. The proposed LNA is designed using common source (CS) current-reused architecture. Flat and high power gain (S21) with constant noise figure (NF) is achieved using series inductive peaking between CS primary stage and the current reused second stage. Input-output matching networks have been used to achieve acceptable values of input reflection coefficient (S11) and output reflection coefficient (S22) for the complete UWB frequency range. The use of inductive peaking with current reused architecture enhances the overall performance of proposed ultra-wideband LNA. The LNA is analyzed and designed using 32 nm CMOS process. It has a constant NF of 2.7 dB, a high and flat S21 of 23.8 ± 0.7 dB with high reverse isolation (S12) of < − 37.3 dB. The proposed LNA provides acceptable results for S11 and S22 parameters with values less than − 7.5 and − 11.0 dB respectively, for the UWB frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The proposed LNA provides 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of − 20 dBm and third order intercept point (IIP3) of − 10 dBm. The power consumed by the reported LNA is only 8.05 mW for a 0.7 V power supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]