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10,711 results on '"Arrington, A"'

1. High precision measurements of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors and their ratio at $Q^2$ = 0.50, 2.64, 3.20, and 4.10 GeV$^2$

Author

Qattan, I. A., Arrington, J., Aniol, K., Baker, O. K., Beams, R., Brash, E. J., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. -P., Christy, M. E., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Gaskell, D., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Hansen, J. -O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Huber, G. M., Ibrahim, H., Jisonna, L., Jones, M. K., Keppel, C. E., Kinney, E., Kumbartzki, G. J., Lung, A., McCormick, K., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Monaghan, P., Pentchev, L., Ransome, R., Reinhold, J., Reitz, B., Sarty, A., Schulte, E. C., Slifer, K., Segel, R. E., Sulkosky, V., Yurov, M., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The advent of high-intensity, high-polarization electron beams led to significantly improved measurements of the ratio of the proton's charge to electric form factors, GEp/GMp. However, high-$Q^2$ measurements yielded significant disagreement with extractions based on unpolarized scattering, raising questions about the reliability of the measurements and consistency of the techniques. Jefferson Lab experiment E01-001 was designed to provide a high-precision extraction of GEp/GMp from unpolarized cross section measurements using a modified version of the Rosenbluth technique to allow for a more precise comparison with polarization data. Conventional Rosenbluth separations detect the scattered electron which requires comparisons of measurements with very different detected electron energy and rate for electrons at different angles. Our Super-Rosenbluth measurement detected the struck proton, rather than the scattered electron, to extract the cross section. This yielded a fixed momentum for the detected particle and dramatically reduced cross section variation, reducing rate- and momentum-dependent corrections and uncertainties. We measure the cross section vs angle with high relative precision, allowing for extremely precise extractions of GEp/GMp at $Q^2$ = 2.64, 3.20, and 4.10 GeV$^2$. Our results are consistent with traditional extractions but with much smaller corrections and systematic uncertainties, comparable to the uncertainties from polarization measurements. Our data confirm the discrepancy between Rosenbluth and polarization extractions of the proton form factor ratio using an improved Rosenbluth extraction that yields smaller and less-correlated uncertainties than typical of previous Rosenbluth extractions. We compare our results to calculations of two-photon exchange effects and find that the observed discrepancy can be relatively well explained by such effects., Comment: 32 pages, 21 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:nucl-ex/0610006

Published
2024

2. The EMC Effect of Tritium and Helium-3 from the JLab MARATHON Experiment

Author

Abrams, D., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B. S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Blyth, D., Boeglin, W., Bulumulla, D., Butler, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, J. -P., Cloët, I. C., Cohen, E. O., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Cruz-Torres, R., Dongwi, B., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Fomin, N., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gautam, T. N., Gilad, S., Gnanvo, K., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Hughes, E. W., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jian, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katramatou, A. T., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Kievsky, A., King, D., King, P. M., Korover, I., Kulagin, S. A., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meekins, D., Beck, S. Mey-Tal, Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, Nycz, M., Obrecht, R., Olson, M., Owen, V. F., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, V., Paolone, M., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Paul, S., Petratos, G. G., Petti, R., Piasetzky, E., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R. D., Rashad, M. N. H., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Scopetta, S., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Segal, J., Segarra, E. P., Shahinyan, A., Širca, S., Sparveris, N., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, L., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Urciuoli, G. M., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Ye, Z. Y., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the High Resolution Spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken $x$ range from 0.20 to 0.83, corresponding to a squared four-momentum transfer $Q^2$ range from 2.7 to $11.9\gevsq$, and to an invariant mass $W$ of the final hadronic state greater than 1.84 GeV/${\it c}^2$. The tritium EMC effect measurement is the first of its kind. The MARATHON experimental results are compared to results from previous measurements by DESY-HERMES and JLab-Hall C experiments, as well as with few-body theoretical predictions., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.05850

Published
2024

3. Developing Problems with Strengths in Mind: Problem-Based Learning in Introductory CSD Courses

Author

Laura E. Arrington, Stefanie Becerril, and Leilani Iem

Abstract

Instructors in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) have used problem-based learning (PBL) for a variety of purposes across academic levels. Problem-based learning offers a framework for considering and including student strengths. In this paper, the authors describe the development of a PBL with specific utility to an introductory CSD course, explain how student strengths were considered in the problem development, and provide evidence of student strengths in outcomes of the PBL. This investigation followed 70 undergraduate students registered in introductory CSD courses across two universities as they engaged in a semester long PBL. A thematic analysis of 217 student solutions to the PBL was conducted. Evidence of two primary means of strengths inclusion, funds of knowledge and student interests, were found in the students' solutions. The authors provide considerations for designing a strengths inclusive PBL in CSD.

Published
2024

4. Measurement of $J/\psi$ and $\psi\left(2S\right)$ production in $p+p$ and $p+d$ interactions at 120 GeV

Author

Leung, C. H., Nagai, K., Nakano, K., Nawarathne, D., Dove, J., Prasad, S., Wuerfel, N., Aidala, C. A., Arrington, J., Ayuso, C., Barker, C. L., Brown, C. N., Chang, W. C., Chen, A., Christian, D. C., Dannowitz, B. P., Daugherity, M., Fassi, L. El, Geesaman, D. F., Gilman, R., Goto, Y., Guo, R., Hague, T. J., Holt, R. J., Hossain, M. F., Isenhower, D., Kinney, E., Klein, A., Kleinjan, D. W., Kudo, Y., Lin, P. -J., Liu, K., Liu, M. X., Lorenzon, W., McClellan, R. E., McGaughey, P. L., Medeiros, M. M., Miyachi, Y., Miyasaka, S., Morton, D. H., Nakahara, K., Nara, S., Pate, S. F., Peng, J. C., Pun, A., Ramson, B. J., Reimer, P. E., Rubin, J. G., Sanftl, F., Sawada, S., Sawada, T., Scott, M. B. C., Shibata, T. -A., Tadepalli, A. S., Teo, M., Towell, R. S., Uemura, S., Wang, S. G., Wickes, A. B., Wu, J., and Ye, Z. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the $p+p$ and $p+d$ differential cross sections measured in the SeaQuest experiment for $J/\psi$ and $\psi\left(2S\right)$ production at 120 GeV beam energy covering the forward $x$-Feynman ($x_F$) range of $0.5 < x_F <0.9$. The measured cross sections are in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) using the long-distance matrix elements deduced from a recent global analysis of proton- and pion-induced charmonium production data. The $\sigma_{\psi\left(2S\right)} / \sigma_{J/\psi}$ cross section ratios are found to increase as $x_F$ increases, indicating that the $q \bar{q}$ annihilation process has larger contributions in the $\psi\left(2S\right)$ production than the $J/\psi$ production. The $\sigma_{pd}/2\sigma_{pp}$ cross section ratios are observed to be significantly different for the Drell-Yan process and $J/\psi$ production, reflecting their different production mechanisms. We find that the $\sigma_{pd}/2\sigma_{pp}$ ratios for $J/\psi$ production at the forward $x_F$ region are sensitive to the $\bar{d}/ \bar{u}$ flavor asymmetry of the proton sea, analogous to the Drell-Yan process. The transverse momentum ($p_T$) distributions for $J/\psi$ and $\psi\left(2S\right)$ production are also presented and compared with data collected at higher center-of-mass energies., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, with 1 page of supplementary material which has 2 figures

Published
2024
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5. Using Digital Games to Promote Equity in Career and Health Education: A Prototype of 'Caduceus Quest'

Author

Ellen McCammon, Jessica Law, Crystal Tyler, Mason Arrington, Patrick Jagoda, and Melissa Gilliam

Abstract

Black and Latinx adolescents in urban schools can derive numerous benefits from tailored career and health education. However, many factors may prevent schools and teachers from offering such programing. To address the need for career and health education, we prototyped Caduceus Quest, a theory-based, digital role-playing game designed to provide information on health and biomedical science careers and sexual health (specifically HIV) for Black and Latinx adolescents. Forty high-school-aged adolescents participated in small group sessions to playtest the prototype. Post-intervention, adolescents reported increased interest in health and biomedical science careers, as well as HIV knowledge and PrEP awareness.

Published
2024
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6. The present and future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P, Adhikari, D, Afanasev, A, Afzal, F, Aidala, CA, Al-bataineh, A, Almaalol, DK, Amaryan, M, Androić, D, Armstrong, WR, Arratia, M, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Aschenauer, EC, Atac, H, Avakian, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Barish, KN, Barnea, N, Basar, G, Battaglieri, M, Baty, AA, Bautista, I, Bazilevsky, A, Beattie, C, Behera, SC, Bellini, V, Bellwied, R, Benesch, JF, Benmokhtar, F, Bernardes, CA, Bernauer, JC, Bhatt, H, Bhatta, S, Boer, M, Boettcher, TJ, Bogacz, SA, Bossi, HJ, Brandenburg, JD, Brash, EJ, Briceño, RA, Briscoe, WJ, Brodsky, SJ, Brown, DA, Burkert, VD, Caines, H, Cali, IA, Camsonne, A, Carman, DS, Caylor, J, Cerci, DS, Cerci, S, Llatas, M Chamizo, Chatterjee, S, Chen, JP, Chen, Y, Chen, Y-C, Chien, Y-T, Chou, P-C, Chu, X, Chudakov, E, Cline, E, Cloët, IC, Cole, PL, Connors, ME, Constantinou, M, Cosyn, W, Dusa, S Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R, D'Alesio, U, da Silva, C, Davoudi, Z, Dean, CT, Dean, DJ, Demarteau, M, Deshpande, A, Detmold, W, Deur, A, Devkota, BR, Dhital, S, Diefenthaler, M, Dobbs, S, Döring, M, Dong, X, Dotel, R, Dow, KA, Downie, EJ, Drachenberg, JL, Dumitru, A, Dunlop, JC, Dupre, R, Durham, JM, Dutta, D, Edwards, RG, Ehlers, RJ, Fassi, L El, Elaasar, M, and Elouadrhiri, L

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming decades.

Published
2024

7. Item response parameter estimation performance using Gaussian quadrature and Laplace

Author

Arrington, Leticia and Ueckert, Sebastian

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Item parameter estimation in pharmacometric item response theory (IRT) models is predominantly performed using the Laplace estimation algorithm as implemented in NONMEM. In psychometrics a wide range of different software tools, including several packages for the open-source software R for implementation of IRT are also available. Each have their own set of benefits and limitations and to date a systematic comparison of the primary estimation algorithms has not been evaluated. A simulation study evaluating varying number of hypothetical sample sizes and item scenarios at baseline was performed using both Laplace and Gauss-hermite quadrature (GHQ-EM). In scenarios with at least 20 items and more than 100 subjects, item parameters were estimated with good precision and were similar between estimation algorithms as demonstrated by several measures of bias and precision. The minimal differences observed for certain parameters or sample size scenarios were reduced when translating to the total score scale. The ease of use, speed of estimation and relative accuracy of the GHQ-EM method employed in mirt make it an appropriate alternative or supportive analytical approach to NONMEM for potential pharmacometrics IRT applications.

Published
2024

8. Inclusive studies of two- and three-nucleon short-range correlations in $^3$H and $^3$He

Author

Li, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Arrington, J., Cruz-Torres, R., Kurbany, L., Abrams, D., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bane, J., Barcus, S., Barrow, J., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Bulumulla, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J., Chen, J-P., Chrisman, D., Christy, M. E., Clarke, C., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Day, D., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Garibaldi, F., Gautam, T. N., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Guéye, P., Habarakada, A., Hague, T. J., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Hyde, C., Itabashi, K., Kaneta, M., Karki, A., Katramatou, A. T., Keppel, C. E., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Korover, I., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, W. B., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Long, E., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Beck, S. Mey-Tal, Michaels, R., Mihovilovič, M., Moyer, A., Nagao, S., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nycz, M., Olson, M., Ou, L., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Paul, S., Petkovic, T., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R. D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Rodriguez, V. M., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Segarra, E. P., Shahinyan, A., Širca, S., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tang, L., Tian, Y., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Toyama, Y., Uehara, K., Urciuoli, G. M., Votaw, D., Williamson, J., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Inclusive electron scattering at carefully chosen kinematics can isolate scattering from short-range correlations (SRCs), produced through hard, short-distance interactions of nucleons in the nucleus. Because the two-nucleon (2N) SRCs arise from the same N-N interaction in all nuclei, the cross section in the SRC-dominated regime is identical up to an overall scaling factor, and the A/2H cross section ratio is constant in this region. This scaling behavior has been used to identify SRC dominance and to map out the contribution of SRCs for a wide range of nuclei. We examine this scaling behavior at lower momentum transfers using new data on $^2$H, $^3$H, and $^3$He which show that the scaling region is larger than in heavy nuclei. Based on the improved scaling, especially for $^3$H/$^3$He, we examine the ratios at kinematics where three-nucleon SRCs may play an important role. The data for the largest initial nucleon momenta are consistent with isolation of scattering from 3N-SRCs, and suggest that the very-highest momentum nucleons in $^3$He have a nearly isospin-independent momentum configuration, or a small enhancement of the proton distribution.

Published
2024

9. On the significance of radiative corrections on measurements of the EMC effect

Author

Moran, S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Gaskell, D., and Schmookler, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Analyzing global data on the EMC effect, which denotes differences in parton distribution functions in nuclei compared to unbound nucleons, reveals tensions. Precise measurements at Jefferson Lab, studying both x and A dependence, show systematic discrepancies among experiments, making the extraction of the A dependence of the EMC effect sensitive to the selection of datasets. By comparing various methods and assumptions used to calculate radiative corrections, we have identified differences that, while not large, significantly impact the EMC ratios and show that using a consistent radiative correction procedure resolves this discrepancy, leading to a more coherent global picture, and allowing for a more robust extraction of the EMC effect for infinite nuclear matter., Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

10. Novel Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor from A=3 Mirror Nuclei

Author

Santiesteban, SN, Li, S, Abrams, D, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Barrow, J, Beck, A, Bellini, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Camsonne, A, Castellanos, J, Chen, J, Chen, J-P, Chrisman, D, Christy, ME, Clarke, C, Covrig, S, Cruz-Torres, R, Day, D, Dutta, D, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Garibaldi, F, Gautam, TN, Gogami, T, Gomez, J, Guèye, P, Hague, TJ, Hansen, JO, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holt, RJ, Hyde, C, Itabashi, K, Kaneta, M, Karki, A, Katramatou, AT, Keppel, CE, King, PM, Kurbany, L, Kutz, T, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Li, WB, Liu, H, Liyanage, N, Long, E, Lovato, A, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, RE, Meddi, F, Meekins, D, Michaels, R, Mihovilovič, M, Moyer, A, Nagao, S, Nguyen, D, Nycz, M, Olson, M, Ou, L, Owen, V, Palatchi, C, Pandey, B, Papadopoulou, A, Park, S, Petkovic, T, Premathilake, S, Punjabi, V, Ransome, RD, Reimer, PE, Reinhold, J, Riordan, S, Rocco, N, Rodriguez, VM, Schmidt, A, Schmookler, B, Segarra, EP, Shahinyan, A, Širca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Su, T, Suleiman, R, Tang, L, Tian, Y, Tireman, W, Tortorici, F, Toyama, Y, Uehara, K, Urciuoli, GM, and Votaw, D

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron encode information on the spatial structure of their charge and magnetization distributions. While measurements of the proton are relatively straightforward, the lack of a free neutron target makes measurements of the neutron's electromagnetic structure more challenging and more sensitive to experimental or model-dependent uncertainties. Various experiments have attempted to extract the neutron form factors from scattering from the neutron in deuterium, with different techniques providing different, and sometimes large, systematic uncertainties. We present results from a novel measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor using quasielastic scattering from the mirror nuclei ^{3}H and ^{3}He, where the nuclear effects are larger than for deuterium but expected to largely cancel in the cross-section ratios. We extracted values of the neutron magnetic form factor for low-to-modest momentum transfer, 0.6

Published
2024

11. Impact of the MARATHON data on \texorpdfstring{$F_{2n}/F_{2p}$}{F2n/F2p} and off-shell effects in light nuclei

Author

Hague, T. J., Arrington, J., Li, S., and Santiesteban, S. N.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The neutron structure function, $F_{2n}$, has historically been extracted from measurements of the deuteron structure function, but our understanding of the nuclear effects on the bound proton and neutron limits the extraction of $F_{2n}$. The MARATHON collaboration recently extracted $F_{2n}$ from the comparison of $^3$H and $^3$He targets, where the nuclear effects are larger but nearly identical, yielding a precise extraction of $F_{2n}/F_{2p}$. This precise extraction can then be compared to deuteron extractions, providing important constraints on the nuclear effects in the deuteron. To ensure that this comparison is not biased by the specific model of nuclear effects used by MARATHON, we examine a range of models of the nuclear effects to obtain a more conservative, but more model-independent, extraction of $F_{2n}/F_{2p}$ for comparison with deuteron extractions. Even with the more conservative approach, the comparison suggests the need for significant off-shell corrections or other nuclear effects, beyond those include in most calculations, even for the weakly-bound deuteron., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Extended descriptions of figures in appendix

Published
2023

12. Enhancing Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Efficacy for Teaching Diverse Learners: Capturing Young Students' Attention through a Read-a-Loud and Music

Author

Arrington, Nancy McBride

Abstract

The sense of efficaciousness for engaging diverse learners was examined with twenty-four pre-service teachers concurrently enrolled in a junior-level Creative Arts methods course and a field experience course with placements in K-2 general education classrooms. The pre-service teachers participated in music and literacy activities in their university class, then planned and implemented standards-based music activities in literacy lessons with their young students. In this case study, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, including a teacher self-efficacy scale, an attitude survey, written reflections, interviews, open-ended responses, and lesson plans. Results demonstrated a significant increase in the pre-service teachers' self-efficacy in pre-post rating analysis and indicated that this project contributed to their efficacy in engaging and meeting the needs of diverse learners in elementary classrooms. The pre-service teachers demonstrated proactive classroom management and reflected upon their students' increased focus in class. The pre-service teachers indicated that their success with these types of projects encouraged them to plan for similar implementation with their future diverse learners; therefore, providing the potential to positively impact their future performance. Additionally, this project emanated Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) by encouraging self-reflection; examining and applying effective teaching strategies; and advancing the field of teacher education.

Published
2023

13. Searching for three-nucleon short-range correlations

Author

Fomin, Nadia, Arrington, John, and Li, Shujie

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Electron scattering measurements from high-momentum nucleons in nuclei at SLAC and Jefferson Lab (JLab) have shown that these nucleons are generally associated with two-nucleon short-range correlations (2N-SRCs). These SRCs are formed when two nucleons in the nucleus interact at short distance via the strong tensor attraction or repulsive core of the NN potential. A series of measurements at JLab have mapped out the A dependence and isospin dependence of 2N-SRCs, and have begun to map out their momentum structure. However, we do not yet know if 3N-SRCs, similar high-momentum configurations of three nucleons, play an important role in nuclei. We summarize here previous attempts to isolate 3N-SRCs, go over the limitations of these previous attempts, and discuss the present and near-term prospects for searching for 3N-SRCs, mapping out their A dependence in nuclei, and constraining their isospin and momentum structure.

Published
2023

14. Strong interaction physics at the luminosity frontier with 22 GeV electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M., Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, L., Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z.-F., D’Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., de Paula, W., de Téramond, G. F., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J., Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G.-P., Girod, F.-X., Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F.-K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J.-O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Hiller Blin, A. N., Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E., Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, D. J., Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C.-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D., Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H.-W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L., Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z.-E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J.-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S.-X., Qiu, J.-W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J.-M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M., Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C., Seay, D. A., Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S., Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A.-S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X.-B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S.-S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C.-P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., and Zihlmann, B.

Published
2024
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15. Crystal structures of the (η2:η2-cycloocta-1,5-diene)(η6-toluene)iridium(I) cation and μ-chlorido-iridium(III) complexes of 2-(phosphinito)- and 2-(phosphinomethyl)anthraquinone ligands

Author

Sachin Thackeray, James Mahoney, Ashleigh Arrington, Miles Wilklow-Marnell, and William W. Brennessel

Subjects
crystal structure, pincer ligands, phosphine ligands, iridium, quinone, chlorido-bridged, hydrido complex, metallacycle, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

When reacted in dry, degassed toluene, [Ir(COD)Cl]2 (COD = cycloocta-1,5-diene) and 2 equivalents of 2-(di-tert-butylphosphinito)anthraquinone (tBuPOAQH) were found to form a unique tri-iridium compound consisting of one monoanionic dinuclear tri-μ-chlorido complex bearing one bidentate tBuPOAQ ligand per iridium, which was charge-balanced by an outer sphere [Ir(toluene)(COD)]+ ion, the structure of which has not previously been reported. This product, which is a toluene solvate, namely, (η2:η2-cycloocta-1,5-diene)(η6-toluene)iridium(I) tri-μ-chlorido-bis({3-[(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)oxy]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl}hydridoiridium(III)) toluene monosolvate, [Ir(C7H8)(C8H12)][Ir2H2(C22H24O3P)2Cl3]·C7H8 or [Ir(toluene)(COD)][Ir(κ-P,C-tBuPOAQ)(H)]2(μ-Cl)3]·toluene, formed as small orange platelets at room temperature, crystallizing in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}. The cation and anion are linked via weak C—H...O interactions. The stronger intermolecular attractions are likely the offset parallel π–π interactions, which occur between the toluene ligands of pairs of inverted cations and between pairs of inverted anthraquinone moieties, the latter of which are capped by toluene solvate molecules, making for π-stacks of four molecules each. The related ligand, 2-(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)-anthraquinone (tBuPCAQH), did not form crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction under analogous reaction conditions. However, when the reaction was conducted in chloroform, yellow needles readily formed following addition of 1 atm of carbon monoxide. Diffraction studies revealed a neutral, dinuclear, di-μ-chlorido complex, di-μ-chlorido-bis(carbonyl{3-[(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)oxy]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl}hydridoiridium(I)), [Ir2H2(C23H26O2P)2Cl2(CO)2] or [Ir(κ-P,C-tBuPCAQ)(H)(CO)(μ-Cl)]2, Ir2C48H54Cl2O6P2, again crystallizing in space group P\overline{1}. Offset parallel π–π interactions between anthraquinone groups of adjacent molecules link the molecules in one dimension.

Published
2024
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17. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, and de Téramond, G. F.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures

Published
2023

18. The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) for JLab 12 GeV

Author

Arrington, J, Benesch, J, Camsonne, A, Caylor, J, Chen, J-P, Dusa, S Covrig, Emmert, A, Evans, G, Gao, H, Hansen, J-O, Huber, GM, Joosten, S, Khachatryan, V, Liyanage, N, Meziani, Z-E, Nycz, M, Peng, C, Paolone, M, Seay, W, Souder, PA, Sparveris, N, Spiesberger, H, Tian, Y, Voutier, E, Xie, J, Xiong, W, Ye, Z-Y, Ye, Z, Zhang, J, Zhao, Z-W, Zheng, X, and Collaboration, For the Jefferson Lab SoLID

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, quantum chromodynamics, 3D imaging, transverse momentum distributions, parity violation deep inelastic scattering, standard model, proton gluonic gravitational form factors, J/& psi, electro- and photoproduction, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) is a new experimental apparatus planned for Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). SoLID will combine large angular and momentum acceptance with the capability to handle very high data rates at high luminosity. With a slate of approved high-impact physics experiments, SoLID will push JLab to a new limit at the QCD intensity frontier that will exploit the full potential of its 12 GeV electron beam. In this paper, we present an overview of the rich physics program that can be realized with SoLID, which encompasses the tomography of the nucleon in 3D momentum space from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, expanding the phase space in the search for new physics and novel hadronic effects in parity-violating DIS, a precision measurement of J/ψ production at threshold that probes the gluon field and its contribution to the proton mass, tomography of the nucleon in combined coordinate and momentum space with deep exclusive reactions, and more. To meet the challenging requirements, the design of SoLID described here takes full advantage of recent progress in detector, data acquisition and computing technologies. In addition, we outline potential experiments beyond the currently approved program and discuss the physics that could be explored should upgrades of CEBAF become a reality in the future.

Published
2023

19. Polarized Drell-Yan measurements with the Fermilab Main Injector

Author

Isenhower, LD, Hague, T, Towell, R, Watson, S, Aidala, C, Dutta, C, Lorenzon, W, Raymond, R, Qu, Z, Arrington, J, Geesaman, D, Hafidi, JK, Holt, R, Jackson, H, Reimer, PE, Rubin, J, Brown, CN, Christian, D, Kinney, E, Beise, EJ, Nakahara, K, Sawada, S, Liu, M, Jiang, X, McGaughey, P, Huang, J, Fassi, L El, Gilman, R, Ransome, R, Tadepalli, A, Goto, Y, Miyasaka, S, Nakano, K, Sanftl, F, Shibata, T-A, Dannowitz, B, Diefenthaler, M, Kerns, B, Makins, NCR, McClellan, RE, and Miyachi, Y

Published
2023

20. Measurement of flavor asymmetry of the light-quark sea in the proton with Drell-Yan dimuon production in p+p and p+d collisions at 120 GeV

Author

Dove, J, Kerns, B, Leung, C, McClellan, RE, Miyasaka, S, Morton, DH, Nagai, K, Prasad, S, Sanftl, F, Scott, MBC, Tadepalli, AS, Aidala, CA, Arrington, J, Ayuso, C, Barker, CT, Brown, CN, Chang, TH, Chang, WC, Chen, A, Christian, DC, Dannowitz, BP, Daugherity, M, Diefenthaler, M, Fassi, L El, Geesaman, DF, Gilman, R, Goto, Y, Guo, L, Guo, R, Hague, TJ, Holt, RJ, Isenhower, D, Kinney, ER, Kitts, ND, Klein, A, Kleinjan, DW, Kudo, Y, Lin, P-J, Liu, K, Liu, MX, Lorenzon, W, Makins, NCR, de Medeiros, M Mesquita, McGaughey, PL, Miyachi, Y, Mooney, I, Nakahara, K, Nakano, K, Nara, S, Peng, JC, Puckett, AJ, Ramson, BJ, Reimer, PE, Rubin, JG, Sawada, S, Sawada, T, Shibata, T-A, Shiu, SH, Su, D, Teo, M, Tice, BG, Towell, RS, Uemura, S, Watson, TS, Wang, SG, Wickes, AB, Wu, J, Xi, Z, and Ye, Z

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

Evidence for a flavor asymmetry between the ū and d¯ quark distributions in the proton has been found in deep-inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan experiments. The pronounced dependence of this flavor asymmetry on x (fraction of nucleon momentum carried by partons) observed in the Fermilab E866 Drell-Yan experiment suggested a drop of the d¯(x)/ū(x) ratio in the x>0.15 region. We report results from the SeaQuest Fermilab E906 experiment with improved statistical precision for d¯(x)/ū(x) in the large x region up to x=0.45 using the 120 GeV proton beam. Two different methods for extracting the Drell-Yan cross section ratios, σpd/2σpp, from the SeaQuest data give consistent results. The d¯(x)/ū(x) ratios and the d¯(x)-ū(x) differences are deduced from these cross section ratios for 0.13

Published
2023

21. First Measurement of the EMC effect in B10 and B11

Author

Karki, A, Biswas, D, Gonzalez, FA, Henry, W, Morean, C, Nadeeshani, A, Sun, A, Abrams, D, Ahmed, Z, Aljawrneh, B, Alsalmi, S, Ambrose, R, Androic, D, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Assumin-Gyimah, K, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bandari, A, Bane, J, Barrow, J, Basnet, S, Berdnikov, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, P, Brash, E, Bukhari, MHS, Chen, H, Chen, JP, Chen, M, Christy, ME, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Diefenthaler, M, Dlamini, M, Dunne, J, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Elliott, C, Ent, R, Fenker, H, Fomin, N, Fuchey, E, Gaskell, D, Gautam, TN, Hansen, JO, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jones, MK, Joosten, S, Kabir, ML, Kalantarians, N, Keppel, C, Khanal, A, King, PM, Kinney, E, Ko, HS, Kohl, M, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Li, S, Li, WB, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Matter, J, Meekins, D, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Nanda, S, Nguyen, D, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B, Park, S, Pooser, E, Puckett, AJR, Rehfuss, M, Reinhold, J, Santiesteban, N, Sawatzky, B, Smith, GR, Szumila-Vance, H, Tadepalli, AS, Tadevosyan, V, Trotta, R, Wood, SA, Yero, C, and Zhang, J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in B10 and B11. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in A≤12 nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; B10 and B11 were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for Be9, B10, B11, and C12 at an incident beam energy of 10.6 GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to that for Be9 and C12, yielding almost no nuclear dependence in the EMC effect in the range A=4-12. This represents important new data supporting the hypothesis that the EMC effect depends primarily on the local nuclear environment due to the cluster structure of these nuclei.

Published
2023

26. A novel measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor from A=3 mirror nuclei

Author

Santiesteban, S. N., Li, S., Abrams, D., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bane, J., Barcus, S., Barrow, J., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J., Chen, J-P., Chrisman, D., Christy, M. E., Clarke, C., Covrig, S., Cruz-Torres, R., Day, D., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Garibaldi, F., Gautam, T. N., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Gueye, P., Hague, T. J., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Hyde, C., Itabashi, K., Kaneta, M., Karki, A., Katramatou, A. T., Keppel, C. E., King, P. M., Kurbany, L., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, W. B., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Long, E., Lovato, A., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Moyer, A., Nagao, S., Nguyen, D., Nycz, M., Olson, M., Ou, L., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Petkovic, T., Premathilake, 6 S., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R. D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Rocco, N., Rodriguez, V. M., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Segarra, E. P., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Tang, L., Tian, Y., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Toyama, Y., Uehara, K., Urciuoli, G. M., Votaw, D., Williamson, J., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Ye, Z. H., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron encode information on the spatial structure of their charge and magnetization distributions. While measurements of the proton are relatively straightforward, the lack of a free neutron target makes measurements of the neutron's electromagnetic structure more challenging and more sensitive to experimental or model-dependent uncertainties. Various experiments have attempted to extract the neutron form factors from scattering from the neutron in deuterium, with different techniques providing different, and sometimes large, systematic uncertainties. We present results from a novel measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor using quasielastic scattering from the mirror nuclei $^3$H and $^3$He, where the nuclear effects are larger than for deuterium but expected to largely cancel in the cross-section ratios. We extracted values of the neutron magnetic form factor for low-to-modest momentum transfer, $0.6

Published
2023

27. The Jefferson Lab tritium program of nucleon and nuclear structure measurements

Author

Arrington, John, Cruz-Torres, Reynier, Hague, Tyler J., Kurbany, Leiqaa, Li, Shujie, Meekins, David, and Santiesteban, Nathaly

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A series of experiments were performed in Hall A of Jefferson Lab in 2018 that used a novel tritium and helium-3 target system. These experiments took advantage of the isospin symmetry of these mirror nuclei to make precise measurements of isospin dependence in both nucleon and nuclear structure. We summarize here the design and properties of these cells, the physics measurements that have been published, and results currently under analysis from this program., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitted to the European Physical Journal A

Published
2023

28. PVEMC: Isolating the flavor-dependent EMC effect using parity-violating inelastic scattering in SoLID

Author

Beminiwattha, Rakitha, Arrington, John, and Gaskell, David J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In order to better understand the EMC effect, we propose a clean and precise measurement of the flavor dependence of the EMC effect using parity-violating deep inelastic scattering on a $^{48}$Ca target. This measurement will provide an extremely sensitive test for flavor dependence in the modification of nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) for neutron-rich nuclei. A measurement of the flavor dependence will provide new and vital information and help to explain nucleon modification at the quark level. In addition to helping understand the origin of the EMC effect, a flavor-dependent nuclear pdf modification could significantly impact a range of processes, including neutrino-nucleus scattering, nuclear Drell-Yan processes, and e-A observables at the Electron-Ion Collider. The parity-violating asymmetry APV from $^{48}$Ca using an 11 GeV beam at $80\ \mu A$ will be measured using the SoLID detector in its PVDIS configuration. In 68 days of data taking, we will reach $0.7-1.3\%$ statistical precision for $0.2

Published
2023

29. The Present and Future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C. A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D. K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barish, K. N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A. A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S. C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J. F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C. A., Bernauer, J. C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T. J., Bogacz, S. A., Bossi, H. J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brown, D. A., Burkert, V. D., Caines, H., Cali, I. A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D. S., Caylor, J., Cerci, S., Llatas, M. Chamizo, Chatterjee, S., Chen, J. P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chien, Y. -T., Chou, P. -C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I. C., Cole, P. L., Connors, M. E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Dusa, S. Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C. T., Dean, D. J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K. A., Downie, E. J., Drachenberg, J. L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J. C., Dupre, R., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Ehlers, R. J., Fassi, L. El, Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I. P., Flor, F. A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A. D., Frederico, T., Fries, R. J., Gal, C., Gamage, B. R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R. W., Greene, S. V., Grießhammer, H. W., Grossberndt, S. K., Grube, B., Hackett, D. C., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J. -O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L. B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobbs, T. J., Hodges, A. M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C. R., Huang, H. Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Isupov, E. L., Jacobs, P. M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C. -R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z. B., Karthein, J. M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D. E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klein, S. R., Ko, H. S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krintiras, G. K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Lisa, M. A., Liu, K. -F., Liu, M. X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W. J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Michel, J. K. L., Milner, R. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V. I., Moon, D. H., Mooney, I. A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D. P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Camacho, C. Munoz, Quijada, J. A. Murillo, Murray, M. J., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J. D., Nattrass, C. E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Osborn, J. D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J. -F., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J. C., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Perepelitsa, D. V., Peters, M. J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R. D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M. A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C. A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J. R., Qiu, J. -W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K. F., Reed, R., Richards, D. G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., West, J. Rittenhouse, Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O. M., Saha, N. R., Sahoo, N. R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C. W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Sargsian, M. M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S. T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M. H., Shanahan, P. E., Shen, C., Sheng, T. -A., Shepherd, M. R., Sickles, A. M., Sievert, M. D., Smith, K. L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P. A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Stasto, A. M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, D. J., Stewart, I. W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, A. H., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tarnowsky, T. J., Tawfik, A. N., Taylor, M. I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A. R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D. W., Vary, J. P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X. -N., Weinstein, L. B., Wenaus, T. J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C. P., Wood, M. H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B. W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W. A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research., Comment: QCD Town Meeting White Paper, as submitted to 2023 NSAC LRP committee on Feb. 28, 2023

Published
2023
Full Text
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30. The Impact of Modern Technology on Education

Author

Arrington, Qui'Shonta

Abstract

At present, technology is essential for everyone in their daily lives. The classroom is no exception to this rule. Within the last 15 years, the relationship between technology and education has grown tremendously. This article seeks to examine the impact of modern technology like LMS, 1:1 initiatives, and other computer-assisted teaching methods in the world of education. Data has shown that there are positives like increased engagement, and individualized learning as well as negatives such as increased cheating and security. The data reveals that there is an ever-constant need for the implementation and use of technology in schools to be closely monitored so that things like the cost associated with technology programs, skills training for students and teachers who are required to use and facilitate using various technological tools are consistently adjusted and considered.

Published
2022

31. IL-26 Increases Sensing of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by Human Toll-like Receptor 9

Author

Andre Taylor, Chin Griffin, Kedzie Arrington, Jose Barragan, and Jorge Cervantes

Subjects
Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme disease, IL-26, bacterial DNA, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Background: IL-26 has demonstrated antimicrobial properties, as well as in the degradation of DNA from the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). Additionally, IL-26 can promote macrophage activation and enhance Bb phagocytotic activity. It is unclear if cell-mediated immune responses are modulated through TLR9 signaling when exposed to IL-26 Bb DNA complexes in post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Objective: We here aim to explore the effect of IL-26 in human Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9’s activation upon the recognition of Bb DNA. Methods: We utilized a single-receptor cell system, HEK-Dual™ hTLR9 cells, which harbors two reporter plasmids for the NF-κB and IL-8 signaling pathways. Bb DNA was exposed to increasing concentrations of IL-26 in monomeric or dimeric form and then used to stimulate the cells for 4 h. The TLR-9 ligand CpG was used as a control. Results: We observed that NF-κB and IL-8 activation was maximal when the cells were stimulated with Bb DNA that had been treated with 5 µM of IL-26 monomer and 1 µM of IL-26 dimer. The same was observed for IL-8 activation upon CpG stimulation. We observed, however, a decrease in NF-κB activation when treated with either form of IL-26. An NF-κB activation increase did not occur with IL-26-treated TLR9 ligand CpG. Conclusions: Our study shows an enhancement in NF-κB and IL-8 activation upon the recognition of IL-26-treated Bb DNA by TLR9, which suggests an increase in sensing by the TLR9 of Bb DNA when it is in the form of an IL-26-Bb DNA complex. These findings will prompt further studies on the interaction between IL-26 and Bb DNA.

Published
2024
Full Text
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32. Precision studies of QCD in the low energy domain of the EIC

Author

Burkert, VD, Elouadrhiri, L, Afanasev, A, Arrington, J, Contalbrigo, M, Cosyn, W, Deshpande, A, Glazier, DI, Ji, X, Liuti, S, Oh, Y, Richards, D, Satogata, T, Vossen, A, Abdolmaleki, H, Albataineh, A, Aidala, CA, Alexandrou, C, Avagyan, H, Bacchetta, A, Baker, M, Benmokhtar, F, Bernauer, JC, Bissolotti, C, Briscoe, W, Byers, D, Cao, Xu, Carlson, CE, Cichy, K, Cloet, IC, Cocuzza, C, Cole, PL, Constantinou, M, Courtoy, A, Dahiyah, H, Dehmelt, K, Diehl, S, Dilks, C, Djalali, C, Dupré, R, Dusa, SC, El-Bennich, B, Fassi, L El, Frederico, T, Freese, A, Gamage, BR, Gamberg, L, Ghoshal, RR, Girod, FX, Goncalves, VP, Gotra, Y, Guo, FK, Guo, X, Hattawy, M, Hatta, Y, Hayward, T, Hen, O, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Isupov, EL, Jacak, B, Jacobs, W, Jentsch, A, Ji, CR, Joosten, S, Kalantarians, N, Kang, Z, Kim, A, Klein, S, Kriesten, B, Kumano, S, Kumar, A, Kumericki, K, Kuchera, M, Lai, WK, Li, Jin, Li, Shujie, Li, W, Li, X, Lin, H-W, Liu, KF, Liu, Xiaohui, Markowitz, P, Mathieu, V, McEneaney, M, Mekki, A, de Melo, JPBC, Meziani, ZE, Milner, R, Mkrtchyan, H, Mochalov, V, Mokeev, V, Morozov, V, Moutarde, H, Murray, M, Mtingwa, S, Nadel-Turonski, P, Okorokov, VA, Onyie, E, and Pappalardo, LL

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, EIC, QCD, Spin, Mass, Pressure, GPDs, NSD-Nuclear Theory, NSD-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

This White Paper aims at highlighting the important benefits in the science reach of the EIC. High luminosity operation is generally desirable, as it enables producing and harvesting scientific results in a shorter time period. It becomes crucial for programs that would require many months or even years of operation at lower luminosity.

Published
2023

33. Tutoring Support and Student Voice in Middle School

Author

Strom, Paris S., Strom, Robert D., Sindel-Arrington, Tricia, and Wang, Chih-hsuan

Abstract

This article examines the persistent problem of student literacy, the range of tutoring solutions, and implications for peer teaching in cooperative learning teams. Possible school reforms that reflect practices in other countries with high student test scores and peer norms in support of tutoring are described. An online poll was completed by 190 adolescents to share perceptions about tutoring at their middle school. Given the powerful impact of peers on adolescent socialization, it was not surprising that findings showed students who needed tutoring most denied their academic problem, tried to avoid embarrassment from peers, and did not request assistance. Poll responses revealed absence of a peer norm to motivate engagement in tutoring without sacrifice to personal status. If a lesson or curriculum subject was difficult, the students asked friends for help more often than they asked teachers. Analysis of gender differences showed that if students told friends they planned to request tutoring, females were more likely to give encouragement than males. Female students also showed greater willingness than males to volunteer as tutors for assisting learning disabled classmates, English as second language learners, and peers in their cooperative learning groups. Results of student voice as expressed in the online Tutoring Poll contributed to the school continuous improvement plan. Tutoring recommendations for school districts to consider are explained.

Published
2022

35. Measurement of flavor asymmetry of light-quark sea in the proton with Drell-Yan dimuon production in $p+p$ and $p+d$ collisions at 120 GeV

Author

Dove, J., Kerns, B., Leung, C., McClellan, R. E., Miyasaka, S., Morton, D. H., Nagai, K., Prasad, S., Sanftl, F., Scott, M. B. C., Tadepalli, A. S., Aidala, C. A., Arrington, J., Ayuso, C., Barker, C. T., Brown, C. N., Chang, T. H., Chang, W. C., Chen, A., Christian, D. C., Dannowitz, B. P., Daugherity, M., Diefenthaler, M., Fassi, L. El, Geesaman, D. F., Gilman, R., Goto, Y., Guo, L., Guo, R., Hague, T. J., Holt, R. J., Isenhower, D., Kinney, E. R., Kitts, N. D., Klein, A., Kleinjan, D. W., Kudo, Y., Lin, P. -J., Liu, K., Liu, M. X., Lorenzon, W., Makins, N. C. R., de Medeiros, M. Mesquita, McGaughey, P. L., Miyachi, Y., Mooney, I., Nakahara, K., Nakano, K., Nara, S., Peng, J. C., Puckett, A. J., Ramson, B. J., Reimer, P. E., Rubin, J. G., Sawada, S., Sawada, T., Shibata, T. -A., Shiu, S. H., Su, D., Teo, M., Tice, B. G, Towell, R. S., Uemura, S., Watson, T. S., Wang, S. G., Wickes, A. B., Wu, J., Xi, Z., and Ye, Z.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Evidence for a flavor asymmetry between the $\bar u$ and $\bar d$ quark distributions in the proton has been found in deep-inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan experiments. The pronounced dependence of this flavor asymmetry on $x$ (fraction of nucleon momentum carried by partons) observed in the Fermilab E866 Drell-Yan experiment suggested a drop of the $\bar d\left(x\right) / \bar u\left(x\right)$ ratio in the $x > 0.15$ region. We report results from the SeaQuest Fermilab E906 experiment with improved statistical precision for $\bar d\left(x\right) / \bar u\left(x\right)$ in the large $x$ region up to $x=0.45$ using the 120 GeV proton beam. Two different methods for extracting the Drell-Yan cross section ratios, $\sigma^{pd} /2 \sigma^{pp}$, from the SeaQuest data give consistent results. The $\bar{d}\left(x\right) / \bar{u}\left(x\right)$ ratios and the $\bar d\left(x\right) - \bar u\left(x\right)$ differences are deduced from these cross section ratios for $0.13 < x < 0.45$. The SeaQuest and E866/NuSea $\bar{d}\left(x\right) / \bar{u}\left(x\right)$ ratios are in good agreement for the $x\lesssim 0.25$ region. The new SeaQuest data, however, show that $\bar d\left(x\right)$ continues to be greater than $\bar u\left(x\right)$ up to the highest $x$ value ($x = 0.45$). The new results on $\bar{d}\left(x\right) / \bar{u}\left(x\right)$ and $\bar{d}\left(x\right) - \bar{u}\left(x\right)$ are compared with various parton distribution functions and theoretical calculations.

Published
2022

36. Measurement of J/ψ and ψ(2S) production in p + p and p + d interactions at 120 GeV

Author

C.H. Leung, K. Nagai, K. Nakano, D. Nawarathne, J. Dove, S. Prasad, N. Wuerfel, C.A. Aidala, J. Arrington, C. Ayuso, C.L. Barker, C.N. Brown, W.C. Chang, A. Chen, D.C. Christian, B.P. Dannowitz, M. Daugherity, L. El Fassi, D.F. Geesaman, R. Gilman, Y. Goto, R. Guo, T.J. Hague, R.J. Holt, M.F. Hossain, D. Isenhower, E. Kinney, A. Klein, D.W. Kleinjan, Y. Kudo, P.-J. Lin, K. Liu, M.X. Liu, W. Lorenzon, R.E. McClellan, P.L. McGaughey, M.M. Medeiros, Y. Miyachi, S. Miyasaka, D.H. Morton, K. Nakahara, S. Nara, S.F. Pate, J.C. Peng, A. Pun, B.J. Ramson, P.E. Reimer, J.G. Rubin, F. Sanftl, S. Sawada, T. Sawada, M.B.C. Scott, T.-A. Shibata, A.S. Tadepalli, M. Teo, R.S. Towell, S. Uemura, S.G. Wang, A.B. Wickes, J. Wu, and Z.H. Ye

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report the p+p and p+d differential cross sections measured in the SeaQuest experiment for J/ψ and ψ(2S) production at Image 1 beam energy covering the forward x-Feynman (xF) range of 0.5

Published
2024
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38. A novel approach for rapidly determining the reproductive status of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) using Raman spectroscopy

Author

Sandra K. Neidetcher, Morgan B. Arrington, Thomas E. Helser, Esther D. Goldstein, Irina M. Benson, and Charles D. Waters

Subjects
maturity, spawning stock biomass, histology, spectroscopy, oocyte, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Knowledge of the reproductive biology of fishes is essential for effective fisheries management. Information derived from an understanding of fish reproduction, such as size and age at maturity, is used in models to assess fish stocks and can affect estimates of important ecological processes such as recruitment, abundance, and trophic interactions. Common practices for determining the reproductive status of teleost fishes include macroscopic evaluation of gonads as well as histological analysis. However, macroscopic evaluation can be biased and histological analysis is time-consuming, resulting in limitations to spatial and temporal data availability. Here, we explore Raman spectroscopy of ovaries as a novel approach to rapidly determine the reproductive status of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), a commercially and ecologically important species in the North Pacific. We used a two-stage partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis followed by a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to classify walleye pollock ovary samples as physiologically mature or immature and to subsequently predict their histologically-determined reproductive stage based on the Raman spectra. Biologically mature samples with visible yolk differentiated from mature and immature samples (non-yolked; 99% accuracy). Non-yolked ovaries that were physiologically mature (either mature non-developing or previously spawned) were further differentiated from physiologically immature ovaries (93% accuracy). In addition, detailed, histologically-determined reproductive stages of yolked samples also differentiated via Raman spectroscopy, but with reduced accuracy (79% - 86% accuracy). Our results indicate that accurate identification of maturity status and the reproductive staging of oocytes of walleye pollock based on spectral data from ovaries is possible. This can provide a fast and efficient way to increase the availability of a key component of reproductive data to inform fisheries research and management.

Published
2024
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39. Bone density measured on sagittal reconstructed CT is highly correlated with axial CT but both measurements are only moderately correlated with DEXA T-scores

Author

Shivam N. Upadhyaya, Charles H. Crawford, III, Grant O. Schmidt, Derek Arrington, John R. Dimar, II, Steven D. Glassman, Jeffrey L. Gum, Amer H. Ahmad, and Leah Y. Carreon

Subjects
Bone mineral density, Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Hounsfield Units, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, DEXA, Surgery, RD1-811, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Background: During the preoperative evaluation of a patient being considered for spinal surgery, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been traditionally used to diagnose poor bone mineral density (BMD) as a risk factor. As ordering a DEXA can add cost and delay diagnosis, spine surgeons have more recently began to use Hounsfield Units (HU) measured on computed tomography scans (CT) as a measure of BMD. The aim of our study was to evaluate associations between DEXA and HU on lumbar spine CT scans. Methods: Forty-two patients (32 female, 10 male, mean age = 67.7 years) with DEXA and lumbar spine CT scans performed within one year of each other were identified. DEXA T-scores were collected from the hip, forearm and L1-L4. HU was determined using the maximum region of interest within the cancellous area in the mid-vertebral body from L1-L4 in the sagittal and axial planes. Results: Using the lowest T-score, 8 (19 %) cases were osteoporotic and 25 (60 %) were osteopenic. Statistically significant differences in HU were seen in osteoporotic cases (Axial HU = 59.2, Sagittal HU = 61.1, p = 0.006) compared to osteopenic (Axial HU = 119.8, Sagittal HU = 122.9) and normal cases (Axial HU = 141.2, Sagittal HU = 142.3). There were moderate associations between the spine T-scores and CT HUs (Axial HU:r2 = 0.50, Sagittal HU:r2 = 0.49, p

Published
2024
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40. The Present and Future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P, Adhikari, D, Afanasev, A, Afzal, F, Aidala, CA, Al-bataineh, A, Almaalol, DK, Amaryan, M, Androić, D, Armstrong, WR, Arratia, M, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Aschenauer, EC, Atac, H, Avakian, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Barish, KN, Barnea, N, Basar, G, Battaglieri, M, Baty, AA, Bautista, I, Bazilevsky, A, Beattie, C, Behera, SC, Bellini, V, Bellwied, R, Benesch, JF, Benmokhtar, F, Bernardes, CA, Bernauer, JC, Bhatt, H, Bhatta, S, Boer, M, Boettcher, TJ, Bogacz, SA, Bossi, HJ, Brandenburg, JD, Brash, EJ, Briceño, RA, Briscoe, WJ, Brodsky, SJ, Brown, DA, Burkert, VD, Caines, H, Cali, IA, Camsonne, A, Carman, DS, Caylor, J, Cerci, S, Llatas, M Chamizo, Chatterjee, S, Chen, JP, Chen, Y, Chen, Y-C, Chien, Y-T, Chou, P-C, Chu, X, Chudakov, E, Cline, E, Cloët, IC, Cole, PL, Connors, ME, Constantinou, M, Cosyn, W, Dusa, S Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R, D'Alesio, U, Silva, C da, Davoudi, Z, Dean, CT, Dean, DJ, Demarteau, M, Deshpande, A, Detmold, W, Deur, A, Devkota, BR, Dhital, S, Diefenthaler, M, Dobbs, S, Döring, M, Dong, X, Dotel, R, Dow, KA, Downie, EJ, Drachenberg, JL, Dumitru, A, Dunlop, JC, Dupre, R, Durham, JM, Dutta, D, Edwards, RG, Ehlers, RJ, Fassi, L El, Elaasar, M, Elouadrhiri, L, and Engelhardt, M

Subjects
hep-ph, hep-ex, nucl-ex, nucl-th
Abstract

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusionsfrom the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 atMIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long RangePlanning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. Themeeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physicssince the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths toobtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research overthe coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physicsopportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) andlonger term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with thefacilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discoverypotential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. ThisWhite Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail theRecommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the TownMeeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progressand accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, byan overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and inrelation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview ofthe physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devotedto the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion.This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCDresearch.

Published
2023

41. Precision Studies of QCD in the Low Energy Domain of the EIC

Author

Burkert, V., Elouadrhiri, L., Afanasev, A., Arrington, J., Contalbrigo, M., Cosyn, W., Deshpande, A., Glazier, D., Ji, X., Liuti, S., Oh, Y., Richards, D., Satogata, T., and Vossen, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The manuscript focuses on the high impact science of the EIC with objective to identify a portion of the science program for QCD precision studies that requires or greatly benefits from high luminosity and low center-of-mass energies. The science topics include (1) Generalized Parton Distributions, 3D imagining and mechanical properties of the nucleon (2) mass and spin of the nucleon (3) Momentum dependence of the nucleon in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (4) Exotic meson spectroscopy (5) Science highlights of nuclei (6) Precision studies of Lattice QCD in the EIC era (7) Science of far-forward particle detection (8) Radiative effects and corrections (9) Artificial Intelligence (10) EIC interaction regions for high impact science program with discovery potential. This paper documents the scientific basis for supporting such a program and helps to define the path toward the realization of the second EIC interaction region., Comment: 103 pages,47 figures

Published
2022
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42. ATHENA Detector Proposal -- A Totally Hermetic Electron Nucleus Apparatus proposed for IP6 at the Electron-Ion Collider

Author

ATHENA Collaboration, Adam, J., Adamczyk, L., Agrawal, N., Aidala, C., Akers, W., Alekseev, M., Allen, M. M., Ameli, F., Angerami, A., Antonioli, P., Apadula, N. J., Aprahamian, A., Armstrong, W., Arratia, M., Arrington, J. R., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Augsten, K., Aune, S., Bailey, K., Baldanza, C., Bansal, M., Barbosa, F., Barion, L., Barish, K., Battaglieri, M., Bazilevsky, A., Behera, N. K., Berdnikov, V., Bernauer, J., Berriaud, C., Bhasin, A., Bhattacharya, D. S., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bissolotti, C., Boeglin, W., Bondì, M., Borri, M., Bossu, F., Bouyjou, F., Brandenburg, J. D., Bressan, A., Brooks, M., Bueltmann, S. L., Byer, D., Caines, H., Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca, Calvelli, V., Camsonne, A., Cappelli, L., Capua, M., Castro, M., Cavazza, D., Cebra, D., Celentano, A., Chakaberia, I., Chan, B., Chang, W., Chartier, M., Chatterjee, C., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, Z., Chetri, H., Chiarusi, T., Chiosso, M., Chu, X., Chwastowski, J. J., Cicala, G., Cisbani, E., Cline, E., Cloet, I., Colella, D., Contalbrigo, M., Contin, G., Corliss, R., Corrales-Morales, Y., Crafts, J., Crawford, C., Cruz-Torres, R., D'Ago, D., D'Angelo, A., D'Hose, N., Dainton, J., Torre, S. Dalla, Dasgupta, S. S., Dash, S., Dashyan, N., Datta, J., Daugherity, M., De Vita, R., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Dehmelt, K., Del Dotto, A., Delcarro, F., Dellacasa, G., Demiroglu, Z. S., Deptuch, G. W., Desai, V., Deshpande, A., Devereaux, K., Dhillon, R., Di Salvo, R., Dilks, C., Dixit, D., Dobbs, S., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J., Drees, A., Dupre, R., Durham, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Fassi, L. El, Elia, D., Epple, E., Esha, R., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Falchieri, D., Fan, W., Fantini, A., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fox, H., Francisco, A., Freeze, A., Furletov, S., Furletova, Y., Gal, C., Gardner, S., Garg, P., Gaskell, D., Gates, K., Gericke, M. T. W., Geurts, F., Ghosh, C., Giacalone, M., Giacomini, F., Gilchrist, S., Glazier, D., Gnanvo, K., Gonella, L., Greiner, L. C., Guerrini, N., Guo, L., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Guryn, W., He, X., Hemmick, T., Heppelmann, S., Higinbotham, D., Hoballah, M., Hoghmrtsyan, A., Hohlmann, M., Horn, T., Hornidge, D., Huang, H. Z., Hyde, C. E., Iapozzuto, P., Idzik, M., Jacak, B. V., Jadhav, M., Jain, S., Jena, C., Jentsch, A., Ji, Y., Ji, Z., Jia, J., Jones, P. G., Jones, R. W. I., Joosten, S., Joshi, S., Kabir, L., Kalicy, G., Karyan, G., Kashyap, V. K. S., Kawall, D., Ke, H., Kelsey, M., Kim, J., Kiryluk, J., Kiselev, A., Klein, S. R., Klest, H., Kochar, V., Korsch, W., Kosarzewski, L., Kotzinian, A., Krizek, F., Kumar, A., Kumar, K. S., Kumar, L., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kunnath, A., Kushawaha, N., Lacey, R., Lai, Y. S., Lalwani, K., Landgraf, J., Lanza, L., Lattuada, D., Lavinsky, M., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. H., Lemmon, R., Lestone, A., Lewis, N., Li, H., Li, S., Li, W., Li, X., Liang, X., Ligonzo, T., Lin, T., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liu, M., Livingston, K., Liyanage, N., Ljubicic, T., Long, O., Lukow, N., Ma, Y., Mammei, J., Mammoliti, F., Mamo, K., Mandjavidze, I., Maple, S., Marchand, D., Margotti, A., Markert, C., Markowitz, P., Marshall, T., Martin, A., Marukyan, H., Mastroserio, A., Mathew, S., Mayilyan, S., Mayri, C., McEneaney, M., Mei, Y., Meng, L., Meot, F., Metcalfe, J., Meziani, Z. -E., Mihir, P., Milton, R., Mirabella, A., Mirazita, M., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M., Morreale, A., Movsisyan, A., Muenstermann, D., Mukherjee, A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Murray, M. J., Mustafa, H., Myska, M., Nachman, B. P., Nagai, K., Naik, R., Naim, J. P., Nam, J., Nandi, B., Nappi, E., Nasim, Md., Neff, D., Neiret, D., Newman, P. R., Nguyen, M., Niccolai, S., Nie, M., Noferini, F., Norman, J., Noto, F., Nunes, A. S., O'Connor, T., Odyniec, G., Okorokov, V. A., Osipenko, M., Page, B., Palatchi, C., Palmer, D., Palni, P., Pandey, S., Panzieri, D., Park, S., Paschke, K., Pastore, C., Patra, R. N., Paul, A., Paul, S., Pecar, C., Peck, A., Pegg, I., Pellegrino, C., Peng, C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Piotrzkowski, K., Polakovic, T., Ploskon, M., Posik, M., Prasad, S., Preghenella, R., Priens, S., Prifti, E., Przybycien, M., Pujahari, P., Quintero, A., Radici, M., Radhakrishnan, S. K., Rahman, S., Rathi, S., Raue, B., Reed, R., Reimer, P., Reinhold, J., Renner, E., Rignanese, L., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Romanov, D., Roy, A., Rubini, N., Ruspa, M., Ruan, L., Sabatie, F., Sadhukhan, S., Sahoo, N., Sahu, P., Samuel, D., Sarkar, A., Sarsour, M., Schmidke, W., Schmookler, B., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Scott, M., Sedgwick, I., Segreti, M., Sekula, S., Seto, R., Shah, N., Shahinyan, A., Sharma, D., Sharma, N., Sichtermann, E. P., Signori, A., Singh, A., Singh, B. K., Singh, S. N., Smirnov, N., Sokhan, D., Soltz, R., Sondheim, W., Spinali, S., Stacchi, F., Staszewski, R., Stepanov, P., Strazzi, S., Stroe, I. R., Sun, X., Surrow, B., Sweger, Z., Symons, T. J., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, A., Tassi, E., Teodorescu, L., Tessarotto, F., Thomas, D., Thomas, J. H., Toll, T., Tomasek, L., Torales-Acosta, F., Tribedy, P., Triloki, Tripathi, V., Trotta, R., Trzebiński, M., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O., Tu, Z., Turrisi, R., Tuve, C., Ullrich, T., Urciuoli, G. M., Valentini, A., Vallarino, S., Vandenbroucke, M., Vanek, J., Vino, G., Volpe, G., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Watts, D., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wilson, F., Wong, C. -P., Wu, X., Wu, Y., Xie, J., Xu, Q. -H., Xu, Z., Xu, Z. W., Yang, C., Yang, Q., Yang, Y., Ye, Z., Yi, L., Yin, Z., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y. X., Zhao, Z., Zheng, L., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

ATHENA has been designed as a general purpose detector capable of delivering the full scientific scope of the Electron-Ion Collider. Careful technology choices provide fine tracking and momentum resolution, high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, hadron identification over a wide kinematic range, and near-complete hermeticity. This article describes the detector design and its expected performance in the most relevant physics channels. It includes an evaluation of detector technology choices, the technical challenges to realizing the detector and the R&D required to meet those challenges.

Published
2022

43. Revealing the short-range structure of the 'mirror nuclei' $^3$H and $^3$He

Author

Li, S., Cruz-Torres, R., Santiesteban, N., Ye, Z. H., Abrams, D., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bane, J., Barcus, S., Barrow, J., Beck, A., Bellini, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Bulumulla, D., Camsonne, A., Castellanos, J., Chen, J., Chen, J-P., Chrisman, D., Christy, M. E., Clarke, C., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Day, D., Dutta, D., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Garibaldi, F., Gautam, T. N., Gogami, T., Gomez, J., Guèye, P., Habarakada, A., Hague, T. J., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Hyde, C., Itabashi, T., Kaneta, M., Karki, A., Katramatou, A. T., Keppel, C. E., Khachatryan, M., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Korover, I., Kurbany, L., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, W. B., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Long, E., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, R. E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Beck, S. Mey-Tal, Michaels, R., Mihovilovič, M., Moyer, A., Nagao, S., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nycz, M., Olson, M., Ou, L., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Papadopoulou, A., Park, S., Paul, S., Petkovic, T., Pomatsalyuk, R., Premathilake, S., Punjabi, V., Ransome, R. D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Rodriguez, V. M., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Segarra, E. P., Shahinyan, A., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Širca, S., Su, T., Suleiman, R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tang, L., Tian, Y., Tireman, W., Tortorici, F., Toyama, Y., Uehara, K., Urciuoli, G. M., Votaw, D., Williamson, J., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

When protons and neutrons (nucleons) are bound into atomic nuclei, they are close enough together to feel significant attraction, or repulsion, from the strong, short-distance part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. These strong interactions lead to hard collisions between nucleons, generating pairs of highly-energetic nucleons referred to as short-range correlations (SRCs). SRCs are an important but relatively poorly understood part of nuclear structure and mapping out the strength and isospin structure (neutron-proton vs proton-proton pairs) of these virtual excitations is thus critical input for modeling a range of nuclear, particle, and astrophysics measurements. Hitherto measurements used two-nucleon knockout or ``triple-coincidence'' reactions to measure the relative contribution of np- and pp-SRCs by knocking out a proton from the SRC and detecting its partner nucleon (proton or neutron). These measurementsshow that SRCs are almost exclusively np pairs, but had limited statistics and required large model-dependent final-state interaction (FSI) corrections. We report on the first measurement using inclusive scattering from the mirror nuclei $^3$H and $^3$He to extract the np/pp ratio of SRCs in the A=3 system. We obtain a measure of the np/pp SRC ratio that is an order of magnitude more precise than previous experiments, and find a dramatic deviation from the near-total np dominance observed in heavy nuclei. This result implies an unexpected structure in the high-momentum wavefunction for $^3$He and $^3$H. Understanding these results will improve our understanding of the short-range part of the N-N interaction.

Published
2022
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44. Progress in Understanding Short-Range Structure in Nuclei: An Experimental Perspective

Author

Arrington, John, Fomin, Nadia, and Schmidt, Axel

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, high-energy electron-nucleus scattering, short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations, deep inelastic electron scattering, nuclear structure functions, superfast quarks, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

High-energy electron scattering is a clean, precise probe for measurements of hadronic and nuclear structure and plays a key role in understanding the role of high-momentum nucleons (and quarks) in nuclei. Jefferson Lab has dramatically expanded our knowledge of the high-momentum nucleons generated by short-range correlations, providing sufficient insight to model much of their impact on nuclear structure in neutron stars and in low- to medium-energy scattering observables, including neutrino oscillation measurements. These short-range correlations also seem related to the modification of the quark distributions in nuclei, and efforts to improve our understanding of the internal structure of these short-distance and high-momentum configurations in nuclei will provide important input on a wide range of high-energy observables.

Published
2022

45. The Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) for JLab 12 GeV

Author

Arrington, John, Benesch, Jay, Camsonne, Alexandre, Caylor, Jimmy, Chen, Jian-Ping, Dusa, Silviu Covrig, Emmert, Alexander, Evans, George, Gao, Haiyan, Hansen, J. Ole, Huber, Garth M., Joosten, Sylvester, Khachatryan, Vladimir, Liyanage, Nilanga, Meziani, Zein-Eddine, Nycz, Michael, Peng, Chao, Paolone, Michael, Seay, Whit, Souder, Paul A., Sparveris, Nikos, Spiesberger, Hubert, Tian, Ye, Voutier, Eric, Xie, Junqi, Xiong, Weizhi, Ye, Zhenyu, Ye, Zhihong, Zhang, Jixie, Zhao, Zhiwen, and Zheng, Xiaochao

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) is a new experimental apparatus planned for Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). SoLID will combine large angular and momentum acceptance with the capability to handle very high data rates at high luminosity. With a slate of approved high-impact physics experiments, SoLID will push JLab to a new limit at the QCD intensity frontier that will exploit the full potential of its 12 GeV electron beam. In this paper, we present an overview of the rich physics program that can be realized with SoLID, which encompasses the tomography of the nucleon in 3-D momentum space from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS), expanding the phase space in the search for new physics and novel hadronic effects in parity-violating DIS (PVDIS), a precision measurement of $J/\psi$ production at threshold that probes the gluon field and its contribution to the proton mass, tomography of the nucleon in combined coordinate and momentum space with deep exclusive reactions, and more. To meet the challenging requirements, the design of SoLID described here takes full advantage of recent progress in detector, data acquisition and computing technologies. In addition, we outline potential experiments beyond the currently approved program and discuss the physics that could be explored should upgrades of CEBAF become a reality in the future., Comment: This white paper for the SoLID program at Jefferson Lab was prepared in part as an input to the 2023 NSAC Long Range Planning exercise. To be submitted to J. Phys. G

Published
2022

47. First Measurement of the EMC Effect in $^{10}$B and $^{11}$B

Author

Karki, A., Biswas, D., Gonzalez, F. A., Henry, W., Morean, C., Nadeeshani, A., Sun, A., Abrams, D., Ahmed, Z., Aljawrneh, B., Alsalmi, S., Ambrose, R., Androic, D., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Assumin-Gyimah, K., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bandari, A., Bane, J., Barrow, J., Basnet, S., Berdnikov, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Boeglin, W. U., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Bukhari, M. H. S., Chen, H., Chen, J. P., Chen, M., Christy, M. E., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Danagoulian, S., Day, D., Diefenthaler, M., Dlamini, M., Dunne, J., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Elliott, C., Ent, R., Fenker, H., Fomin, N., Fuchey, E., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T. N., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A. V., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M. K., Joosten, S., Kabir, M. L., Kalantarians, N., Keppel, C., Khanal, A., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Ko, H. S., Kohl, M., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W. B., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Matter, J., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Nanda, S., Nguyen, D., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B., Park, S., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Rehfuss, M., Reinhold, J., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Smith, G. R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tadevosyan, V., Trotta, R., Wood, S. A., Yero, C., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in $^{10}$B and $^{11}$B. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in $A \leq 12$ nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; $^{10}$B and $^{11}$B were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for $^9$Be, $^{10}$B, $^{11}$B, and $^{12}$C at an incident beam energy of 10.6~GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to that for $^9$Be and $^{12}$C, yielding almost no nuclear dependence in the EMC effect in the range $A=4-12$. This represents important, new data supporting the hypothesis that the EMC effect depends primarily on the local nuclear environment due to the cluster structure of these nuclei., Comment: To appear in PRC

Published
2022

48. Classification of Rule Learning Phases in Inductive Reasoning

Author

Sonmez Unal, Deniz, Mowad, Theresa G., Howell-Munson, Alicia, Walker, Erin, Solovey, Erin, and Arrington, Catherine M.

Subjects
Psychology, Learning, Machine learning, Reasoning, Qualitative Analysis
Abstract

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) afford complex learning environments in which inductive reasoning is engaged, but where sparse log data complicates the classification of cognitive states. Using a simple rule learning task, we explore the feasibility of verbal think aloud protocols to contribute to machine learning algorithms designed to classify states of rule search, rule discovery, and rule following. Domain-general versus domain-specific contributions to classification are considered through the use of isomorphic rule learning tasks with numeric and spatial stimuli. We trained and tested models both within and across task domains. Models including verbal data outperform models based only on log data with particular improvement in classifying rule discovery. These results provide a foundation for real-time classification of cognitive states during ITS use.

Published
2023

49. Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime

Author

Ruth, D, Zielinski, R, Gu, C, Allada (Cummings), M, Badman, T, Huang, M, Liu, J, Zhu, P, Allada, K, Zhang, J, Camsonne, A, Chen, J-P, Slifer, K, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bellini, V, Boeglin, W, Brock, J, Carlin, C, Chen, C, Cisbani, E, Crabb, D, Daniel, A, Day, D, Duve, R, Fassi, L El, Friedman, M, Fuchey, E, Gao, H, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gueye, P, Hafez, M, Han, Y, Hansen, O, Shabestari, M Hashemi, Hen, O, Higinbotham, D, Horn, T, Iqbal, S, Jensen, E, Kang, H, Keith, CD, Kelleher, A, Keller, D, Khanal, H, Korover, I, Kumbartzki, G, Li, W, Lichtenstadt, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Meekins, DM, Meziani, ZE, McLean, C, Michaels, R, Mihovilovič, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, C Munoz, Musson, J, Myers, K, Oh, Y, Carmignotto, M Pannunzio, Perdrisat, C, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pierce, J, Punjabi, V, Qiang, Y, Reimer, PE, Roblin, Y, Ron, G, Rondon, O, Russo, G, Saenboonruang, K, Sawatzky, B, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Sjoegren, J, Solvignon-Slifer, P, Sparveris, N, Sulkosky, V, Wesselmann, F, Yan, W, Yang, H, Yao, H, Ye, Z, Yurov, M, Zhang, Y, Zhao, YX, and Zheng, X

Subjects
Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

The strong interaction is not well understood at low energies or for interactions with low momentum transfer. Chiral perturbation theory gives testable predictions for the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities, which are fundamental quantities describing the nucleon’s response to an external field. We report a measurement of the proton’s generalized spin polarizabilities extracted with a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia target in the region where chiral perturbation theory is expected to be valid. The investigated structure function g2 characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton. From its moments, we extract the longitudinal–transverse spin polarizability δLT and twist-3 matrix element and polarizability d2¯. Our results provide discriminating power between existing chiral perturbation theory calculations and will help provide a better understanding of this strong quantum chromodynamics regime.

Published
2022

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