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1. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Author: Coleman, A, Santos, R Dar, Decolongon, J, Sturrock, A, Bardinet, E, Ret, C Jauff, Justo, D, Lehericy, S, Marelli, C, Nigaud, K, Valabrègue, R, van den Bogaard, SJA, Dumas, E M, van der Grond, J, t'Hart, EP, Jurgens, C, Witjes-Ane, M-N, Arran, N, Callaghan, J, Stopford, C, Frost, C, Jones, R, Hobbs, N, Lahiri, N, Ordidge, R, Owen, G, Pepple, T, Read, J, Say, M, Wild, E, Patel, A, Fox, N C, Gibbard, C, Malone, I, Crawford, H, Whitehead, D, Keenan, S, Cash, D M, Berna, C, Bechtel, N, Bohlen, S, Man, A Hoff, Kraus, P, Axelson, E, Wang, C, Acharya, T, Lee, S, Monaco, W, Campbell, C, Queller, S, Whitlock, K, Campbell, M, Frajman, E, Milchman, C, O'Regan, A, Labuschagne, I, Stout, J, Landwehrmeyer, B, Craufurd, D, Scahill, R, Hicks, S, Kennard, C, Johnson, H, Tobin, A, Rosas, HD, Reilmann, R, Borowsky, B, Pourchot, C, Andrews, S C, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Biunno, Ida, Bonelli, Raphael, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, Dunnett, Stephen, Ferreira, Joaquim, Handley, Olivia, Heiberg, Arvid, Illmann, Torsten, Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard, Levey, Jamie, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria A., Nielsen, Jørgen, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Päivärinta, Markku, Roos, Raymund A.C., Sebastián, A Rojo, Tabrizi, Sarah, Vandenberghe, Wim, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Uhrova, Tereza, Wahlström, Jan, Zaremba, Jacek, Baake, Verena, Barth, Katrin, Garde, Monica Bascuñana, Betz, Sabrina, Bos, Reineke, Callaghan, Jenny, Come, Adrien, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ecker, Daniel, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Fullam, Ruth, Gilling, Mette, Gustafsson, Lena, Handley, Olivia J, Hvalstedt, Carina, Held, Christine, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurà, Matilde, Descals, Asunción Martínez, Martinez-Horta, Saül, Mestre, Tiago, Minster, Sara, Monza, Daniela, Mütze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Orth, Michael, Padieu, Hélène, Paterski, Laurent, Peppa, Nadia, Di Renzo, Martina, Rialland, Amandine, Røren, Niini, Šašinková, Pavla, Timewell, Erika, Townhill, Jenny, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, da Silva, Wildson Vieira, van Walsem, Marleen R, Whalstedt, Carina, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Wright, Abigail, Zielonka, Daniel, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Zinzi, Paola, Bonelli, Raphael M., Lilek, Sabine, Hecht, Karen, Herranhof, Brigitte, Holl, Anna, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Koppitz, Michael, Magnet, Markus, Müller, Nicole, Otti, Daniela, Painold, Annamaria, Reisinger, Karin, Scheibl, Monika, Schöggl, Helmut, Ullah, Jasmin, Braunwarth, Eva-Maria, Brugger, Florian, Buratti, Lisa, Hametner, Eva-Maria, Hepperger, Caroline, Holas, Christiane, Hotter, Anna, Hussl, Anna, Müller, Christoph, Poewe, Werner, Seppi, Klaus, Sprenger, Fabienne, Wenning, Gregor, Boogaerts, Andrea, Calmeyn, Godelinde, Delvaux, Isabelle, Liessens, Dirk, Somers, Nele, Dupuit, Michel, Minet, Cécile, van Paemel, Dominique, Ribaï, Pascale, van Reijen, Dimphna, Klempír, Jirí, Majerová, Veronika, Roth, Jan, Stárková, Irena, Hjermind, Lena E., Jacobsen, Oda, Nielsen, Jørgen E., Larsen, Ida Unmack, Vinther-Jensen, Tua, Hiivola, Heli, Hyppönen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau, Dominique, Bost, Marie, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Barthélémy, Rekha, De Bruycker, Christelle, Carette, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie, Defebvre, Eric Decorte Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Destee, Alain, Dujardin, Kathy, Lemaire, Marie-Hélène, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhouse, Lucie, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Berrissoul, Hassan, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Godefroy, Olivier, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Mantaux, Béatrice, Roussel, Martine, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frédérique, Mundler, Laura, Anheim, Mathieu, Julié, Celine, Boukbiza, Ouhaid Lagha, Longato, Nadine, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Tranchant, Christine, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johannes, Schlangen, Christiane, Werner, Cornelius J., Gelderblom, Harald, Priller, Josef, Prüß, Harald, Spruth, Eike Jakob, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Kotz, Peter, Prehn, Christian, Saft, Carsten, Lange, Herwig, Maiwald, Robert, Löhle, Matthias, Maass, Antonia, Schmidt, Simone, Bosredon, Cecile, Storch, Alexander, Wolz, Annett, Wolz, Martin, Capetian, Philipp, Lambeck, Johann, Zucker, Birgit, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christos, Heinicke, Walburgis, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Münchau, Alexander, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lars, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Gorzolla, Heike, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Ribbat, Michael, Longinus, Bernhard, Bürk, Katrin, Möller, Jens Carsten, Rissling, Ida, Mühlau, Mark, Peinemann, Alexander, Städtler, Michael, Weindl, Adolf, Winkelmann, Juliane, Ziegler, Cornelia, Bechtel, Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Hölzner, Eva, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Natalia, Dose, Matthias, Leythäuser, Gabriele, Marquard, Ralf, Raab, Tina, Wiedemann, Alexandra, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Geitner, Carolin, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lang, Christina, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Süßmuth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Weydt, Patrick, Cormio, Claudia, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, de Tommaso, Marina, Capellari, Sabina, Cortelli, Pietro, Galassi, Roberto, Rizzo, Giovanni, Poda, Roberto, Scaglione, Cesa, Bertini, Elisabetta, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Massaro, Francesca, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Romoli, Anna Maria, Sorbi, Sandro, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, di Poggio, Monica Bandettini, Ferrandes, Giovanna, Mandich, Paola, Marchese, Roberta, Albanese, Alberto, Di Bella, Daniela, Castaldo, Anna, Di Donato, Stefano, Gellera, Cinzia, Genitrini, Silvia, Mariotti, Caterina, Nanetti, Lorenzo, Paridi, Dominga, Soliveri, Paola, Tomasello, Chiara, De Michele, Giuseppe, Di Maio, Luigi, Massarelli, Marco, Peluso, Silvio, Roca, Alessandro, Russo, Cinzia Valeria, Salvatore, Elena, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Amico, Enrico, Favellato, Mariagrazia, Griguoli, Annamaria, Mazzante, Irene, Petrollini, Martina, Squitieri, Ferdinando, D'Alessio, Barbara, Esposito, Chiara, Bentivoglio, Rita, Frontali, Marina, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Ialongo, Tamara, Jacopini, Gioia, Piano, Carla, Romano, Silvia, Soleti, Francesco, Spadaro, Maria, van Hout, Monique S.E., Verhoeven, Marloes E., van Vugt, Jeroen P.P., de Weert, A. Marit, Bolwijn, J.J.W., Dekker, M., Kremer, B., Leenders, K.L., van Oostrom, J.C.H., van den Bogaard, Simon J.A., Dumas, Eve M., 't Hart, Ellen P., Kremer, Berry, Verstappen, C.C.P., Aaserud, Olaf, C, Jan Frich, Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjørgo, Kathrine, Fannemel, Madeleine, Gørvell, Per F., Lorentzen, Eirin, Retterstøl, Lars, Stokke, Bodil, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Blaszcyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Opala, Gregorz, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Bocwinska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Malgorzata, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Rudzinska, Monika, Szczygiel, Elzbieta, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Wasielewska, Anna, Wójcik, Magdalena, Bryl, Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempolowicz, Justyna, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, Ryglewicz, Danuta, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Stepniak, Iwona, Sulek, Anna, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, Zieora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, Ferreira, Joaquim J, Coelho, Miguel, Mendes, Tiago, Valadas, Anabela, Andrade, Carlos, Gago, Miguel, Garrett, Carolina, Guerra, Maria Rosália, Herrera, Carmen Durán, Garcia, Patrocinio Moreno, Barbera, Miquel Aguilar, Guia, Dolors Badenes, Hernanz, Laura Casas, Catena, Judit López, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, Sebastián, Ana Rojo, Carruesco, Gemma Tome, Bas, Jordi, Busquets, Núria, Calopa, Matilde, Robert, Misericordia Floriach, Viladrich, Celia Mareca, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, Riballo, Antonio Villa, Cubo, Esther, Polo, Cecilia Gil, Mariscal, Natividad, Rivadeneyra, Perez Jessica, Barrero, Francisco, Morales, Blas, Fenollar, María, García, Rocío García-Ramos, Ortega, Paloma, Villanueva, Clara, Alegre, Javier, Bascuñana, Mónica, Caldentey, Juan Garcia, Ventura, Marta Fatás, Ribas, Guillermo García, de Yébenes, Justo García, Moreno, José Luis López-Sendón, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Ruíz, Pedro J García, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Guerrero, Rosa, Artiga, María José Saiz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Perea, María Fuensanta Noguera, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Reinante, Gema, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, Moreau, Laura Vivancos, González González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Salvador, Carlos, Martín, Esther Suaréz San, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Gorospe, Aranzazú, Lopera, Mónica Rodriguez, Arques, Penelope Navas, Rodríguez, María José Torres, Pastor, Barbara Vives, Gaston, Itziar, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolores, Moreno, Jose Manuel Garcia, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Damas, Fatima, Cortegana, Hermoso Eva Pacheco, Peña, José Chacón, Redondo, Luis, Carrillo, Fátima, Teresa Cáceres, María, Mir, Pablo, Suarez, María José Lama, Vargas-González, Laura, Bosca, Maria E., Brugada, Francisco Castera, Burguera, Juan Andres, Campos, Anabel, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen Peiró, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, Radu, Fredlund, Gunnel, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Linnsand, Petra, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Wentzel, Magnus, Loutfi, Ghada, Olofsson, Carina, Stattin, Eva-Lena, Westman, Laila, Wikström, Birgitta, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schüpbach, Michael, Weber Zaugg, Sabine, Hauer, Maria, Gonzenbach, Roman, Jung, Hans H., Mihaylova, Violeta, Petersen, Jens, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, Simpson, Sheila A, Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughan, Vivien, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, de Souza, Jenny, Piedad, John, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Gethin, Louise, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Armstrong, Matthew, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, Di Pietro, Anna, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Kershaw, Ann, Mason, Sarah, Paterson, Nicole, Raymond, Lucy, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Clenaghan, Catherine, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Lesley, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Rosser, Anne, Edwards, Maureen, Ho, Carrie, Hughes, Teresa, McGill, Marie, Pearson, Pauline, Porteous, Mary, Smith, Paul, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, McKenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Burrows, Liz, Chu, Carol, Fletcher, Amy, Gallantrae, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Harding, Alison, Klöppel, Stefan, Kraus, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Lewis, Monica, Longthorpe, Mandy, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Robertson, Nicola, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Evans, Carole, Gallentrae, Deena, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Musgrave, Hannah, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Bourne, Colin, Clapton, Jackie, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Grant, Janet, Gross, Diana, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Murch, Ann, Thompson, Catherine, Alusi, Sundus, Davies, Rhys, Foy, Kevin, Gerrans, Emily, Pate, Louise, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, Hana, Lashwood, Alison, Robertson, Dene, Ruddy, Deborah, Santhouse, Alastair, Whaite, Anna, Bruno, Stefania, Doherty, Karen, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lahiri, Nayana, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Rosser, Elisabeth, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thomas, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iris, Verstraelen, Nichola, Westmoreland, Leann, Armstrong, Richard, Dixon, Kathryn, Nemeth, Andrea H, Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, Harrison, David, Hughes, Max, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Gill, Paul, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Quarrell, Oliver, Lau, Puay Ngoh, Pica, Emmanul, Tan, Louis, Moss, Davina J Hensman, Pardiñas, Antonio F, Langbehn, Douglas, Lo, Kitty, Leavitt, Blair R, Roos, Raymund, Durr, Alexandra, Mead, Simon, Holmans, Peter, and Tabrizi, Sarah J
Published: 2017
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2. Third Annual Huntington Disease Clinical Research Symposium: Organized by the Huntington Study Group

Author: Dubinsky, Richard, Roberson, Judy, Battaglia, G., Cannella, M., Riozzi, B., Orobello, S., Maat-Schieman, M. L., Aronica, E., Busceti, C. Letizia, Ciarmiello, A., Alberti, S., Sassone, J., Sipione, S., Bruno, V., Frati, L., Nicoletti, F., Squitieri, F., Rao, A., Gordon, A., Marder, K., Nolta, Jan, Anderson, K., Gruber-Baldini, A., Medalie, J., Reich, S., Fishman, P., Robottom, B., Weiner, W., Shulman, L., Langbehn, D., Paulsen, J., Witten, Celia, Cox, M., Feigin, A., Napolitano, B., Goh, A., Yastrubetskaya, O., Chiu, E., Cloud, L., Helmers, S., Jones, R., Factor, S., Emory, C. Testa, Kegelmeyer, D., Kostyk, S., Fritz, N., Kloos, A., Lessig, S., Goldstein, J., Corey-Bloom, J., Simonelli, M., Martino, T., Colonnese, C., Callaghan, J., Arran, N., Boisse, M. F., Coleman, A., Dar Santos, R., Dumas, E., Hart, E. ’t, Justo, D., Read, J., Say, M., Van Den Bogaard, S., Durr, A., Leavitt, B., Roos, R., Tabrizi, S., Bourdet, C., van Duijn, E., Craufurd, D., Evans, K., Vaccarino, A., Aylward, E., Nopoulos, P., Ross, C., Pierson, R., Mills, J., Magnotta, V., Johnson, H., Mitchell, A., Cortes, J. C., Dahmubed, A., Krakauer, J., Mazzoni, P., Russell, D., Jennings, D., Tamagnan, G., Seibyl, J., Koren, A., Zubal, G., Marek, K., Goodman, L., Carnes, R., Giuliano, J., Vetter, L., MacDonald, M., Lee, J. Min, Seong, I. Sik, Fossale, E., Anderson, M. A., Wheeler, V., Gusella, J., Johnson, J., Yu, T., Jones, D., Chan, A., Richardson, K., McCusker, E., Loy, C., Griffith, J., Paulsen, J. S., Waters, S., Tedroff, J., Kieburtz, K., Krogh, P. Lindskov, Buusman, A., Rembratt, Å., Dorey, J., Lamure, M., Toumi, M., von der Schulenburg, J. -M. Graf, Pettersson, F., Dyhring, T., Sonesson, C., Waters, N., Pontén, H., Erwin, C., Williams, J., Juhl, A., Adams, W., Byars, J., O’Rourke, J., Flynn, A., Fiedorowicz, J., Duff, K., Leserman, A., Beglinger, L., Smith, M., Stout, J., Queller, S., Rao, S., Zimbelman, J., Groves, M., Guttman, M., Wexler, E., Perlman, S., Burgunder, J. -M., Rosenblatt, A., van Kammen, D., PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group, TRACK-FID Investigators, TRACK-HD Investigators, PREDICT-HD Investigators and Coordinators of the Huntington Study Group, PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group, Investigators of the Huntington Study Group, Huntington Study Group PHAROS Investigators, and PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group
Published: 2010
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3. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE OF HUNTINGTONʼS DISEASE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREVIOUS PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY AND LATER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: C41

Author: Fullam, R, Julien, C, Arran, N, MacLeod, R, Thompson, J, Snowden, J, and Craufurd, D
Published: 2009
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4. RELIABILITY OF THE PROBLEM BEHAVIOURS ASSESSMENT FOR HD (SHORT VERSION) - DATA FROM THE TRACK-HD STUDY: B16

Author: Callaghan, J, Arran, N, Boisse, M-F, Coleman, A, Santos, R D, Dumas, E, Hart, E ʼt, Justo, D, Read, J, Say, M, Van Den Bogaard, S, Durr, A, Leavitt, B, Roos, R, Tabrizi, S, Bourdet, C, van Duijn, E, and Craufurd, D
Published: 2009
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5. Association of CAG Repeats With Long-term Progression in Huntington Disease

Author: Langbehn, D.R., Stout, J.C., Gregory, S., Mills, J.A., Durr, A., Leavitt, B.R., Roos, R.A.C., Long, J.D., Owen, G., Johnson, H.J., Borowsky, B., Craufurd, D., Reilmann, R., Landwehrmeyer, G.B., Scahill, R.I., Tabrizi, S.J., Acharya, T., Andrews, S., Arran, N., Axelson, E., Bardinet, E., Bechtel, N., Berna, C., Bohlen, S., Callaghan, J., Cassidy, A., Coleman, A., Crawford, H., Santos, R.D., Decolongon, J., Dumas, E., Fan, M.N., Frost, C., Ghosh, R., Gibbard, C., Hensman-Moss, D., Hobbs, N., Jauffret, C., Johnson, E., Jones, R., Jurgens, C., Justo, D., Keogh, R., Koren, T., Labuschagne, I., Lahiri, N., Lehericy, S., Malone, I., Marelli, C., McColgan, P., Nigaud, K., O'Regan, A., Papoutsi, M., Pepple, T., Petkau, T., Queller, S., Read, J., Say, M., Schoonderbeek, A., Stopford, C., Sturrock, A., Hart, E. 't, Valabregue, R., Bogaard, S. van den, Grond, J. van der, Wang, C.C., Weber, N., Whitehead, D., Witjes-Ane, M.N., and TRACK-HD Track-On HD Grps
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Clinical study design, Disease, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Huntington's disease, Sample size determination, Internal medicine, Brain size, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, Prospective cohort study, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Original Investigation
Abstract: Importance In Huntington disease (HD), mutation severity is defined by the length of the CAG trinucleotide sequence, a well-known predictor of clinical onset age. The association with disease trajectory is less well characterized. Quantifiable summary measures of trajectory applicable over decades of early disease progression are lacking. An accurate model of the age-CAG association with early progression is critical to clinical trial design, informing both sample size and intervention timing. Objective To succinctly capture the decades-long early progression of HD and its dependence on CAG repeat length. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective study at 4 academic HD treatment and research centers. Participants were the combined sample from the TRACK-HD and Track-On HD studies consisting of 290 gene carriers (presymptomatic to stage II), recruited from research registries at participating centers, and 153 nonbiologically related controls, generally spouses or friends. Recruitment was targeted to match a balanced, prespecified spectrum of age, CAG repeat length, and diagnostic status. In the TRACK-HD and Track-On HD studies, 13 and 5 potential participants, respectively, failed study screening. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 6 years. The study dates were January 2008 to November 2014. These analyses were performed between December 2015 and January 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome measures were principal component summary scores of motor-cognitive function and of brain volumes. The main outcome was the association of these scores with age and CAG repeat length. Results We analyzed 2065 visits from 443 participants (247 female [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 44.4 [10.3] years). Motor-cognitive measures were highly correlated and had similar CAG repeat length–dependent associations with age. A composite summary score accounted for 67.6% of their combined variance. This score was well approximated by a score combining 3 items (total motor score, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Stroop word reading) from the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale. For either score, initial progression age and then acceleration rate were highly CAG repeat length dependent. The acceleration continues through at least stage II disease. In contrast, 3 distinct patterns emerged among brain measures (basal ganglia, gray matter, and a combination of whole-brain, ventricular, and white matter volumes). The basal ganglia pattern showed considerable change in even the youngest participants but demonstrated minimal acceleration of loss with aging. Each clinical and brain summary score was strongly associated with the onset and rate of decline in total functional capacity. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that succinct summary measures of function and brain loss characterize HD progression across a wide disease span. CAG repeat length strongly predicts their decline rate. This work aids our understanding of the age and CAG repeat length–dependent association between changes in the brain and clinical manifestations of HD.
Published: 2019

6. Identification of symbol digit modality test score extremes in Huntington's disease

Author: Braisch, U, Muche, R, Rothenbacher, D, Landwehrmeyer, GB, Long, JD, Bentivoglio, AR, Biunno, I, Bonelli, RM, Dunnett, SB, Illmann, T, Levey, J, Ramos-Arroyo, M, Nielsen, JE, Paivarinta, M, Sebastian, AR, Tabrizi, SJ, Vandenberghe, W, Uhrova, T, Come, A, Garde, MB, Betz, S, Capodarca, S, Wildson, SC, da Silva, V, Di Renzo, M, Finisterra, M, Genoves, C, Gilling, M, Handley, OJ, Hvalstedt, C, Koppers, K, Lamanna, C, Laura, M, Descals, AM, Monza, D, Mutze, L, Oehmen, M, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Koivisto, SP, Rindal, B, Roren, N, Sasinkova, P, Seliverstov, Y, Timewell, E, Cubillo, PT, van Walsem, MR, Witjes-Ane, MN, Yudina, E, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Braunwarth, EM, Brugger, F, Buratti, L, Hametner, EM, Hepperger, C, Holas, C, Hotter, A, Hussl, A, Larcher, B, Mahlknecht, P, Muller, C, Pinter, B, Poewe, W, Seppi, K, Sprenger, F, Wenning, G, Dupuis, M, Minet, C, Ribai, P, Van Paemel, D, Verellen-Dumoulin, C, Klempir, J, Majerova, V, Roth, J, Babiloni, B, Debruxelles, S, Duche, C, Goizet, C, Jameau, L, Lafoucriere, D, Spampinato, U, Bachoud-Levi, AC, Boisse, MF, de Langavant, LC, Lemoine, L, Morgado, G, Youssov, K, Annic, A, Barthelemy, R, De Bruycker, C, Cabaret, M, Carette, AS, Carriere, N, Decorte, E, Defebvre, L, Delliaux, M, Delval, A, Depelchin, A, Destee, A, Dewulf-Pasz, N, Dondaine, T, Dugauquier, F, Dujardin, K, Lemaire, MH, Manouvrier, S, Peter, M, Plomhause, L, Sablonniere, B, Simonin, C, Tard, C, Thibault-Tanchou, S, Vuillaume, I, Bellonet, M, Benoit, A, Blin, S, Courtin, F, Duru, C, Fasquel, V, Godefroy, O, Krystkowiak, P, Mantaux, B, Roussel, M, Tir, M, Schuler, B, Wannepain, S, Azulay, JP, Chabot, C, Delfini, M, Eusebio, A, Fluchere, F, Grosjean, H, Mundler, L, Nowak, M, Bioux, S, Bliaux, E, Girard, C, Guyant-Marechal, L, Hannequin, D, Hannier, V, Jourdain, S, Maltete, D, Pouliquen, D, Blondeau, L, Calvas, F, Cheriet, S, Delabaere, H, Demonet, JF, Pariente, J, Pierre, M, Beuth, M, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Pruss, H, Spruth, E, Thiel, S, Ellrichmannberlin, G, Herrmann, L, Hoffmann, R, Kaminski, B, Saft, C, Bosredon, C, Hunger, U, Lohle, M, Maass, A, Ossig, C, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Kohl, Z, Kozay, C, Ullah, J, Winkler, J, Bergmann, U, Boringer, R, Capetian, P, Kammel, G, Lambeck, J, Meier, S, Rijntjes, M, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Goerendt, I, Heinicke, W, Hidding, U, Munchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Diercks, G, Dressler, D, Francis, F, Gayde-Stephan, S, Gorzolla, H, Kramer, B, Minschke, R, Schrader, C, Tacik, P, Longinus, B, Lusebrink, A, Muhlau, M, Peinemann, A, Stadtler, M, Weindl, A, Winkelmann, J, Ziegler, C, Bechtel, N, Beckmann, H, Bohlen, S, Gopfert, N, Holzner, E, Lange, H, Reilmann, R, Rohm, S, Rumpf, S, Sass, C, Schepers, S, Weber, N, Barth, K, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Ecker, D, Geitner, C, Held, C, Kesse, A, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Lewerenz, J, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Orth, M, Schneider, A, Schwenk, D, Sussmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Klebe, S, Musacchio, T, Leypold, C, Noth, K, Cormio, C, de Tommaso, M, Franco, G, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Calandra-Buonaura, G, Capellari, S, Cortelli, P, Gallassi, R, Poda, R, Sambati, L, Scaglione, C, Maserati, MS, Agosti, C, Barlati, S, Compostella, S, Marchina, E, Padovani, A, Bertini, E, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, AM, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, di Poggio, MB, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Tamburini, T, Baake, V, van den Bogaard, SJA, Bos, R, Dumas, EM, t'Hart, EP, Kampstra, A, Roos, RAC, Schoonderbeek, A, Aaserud, O, Bjorgo, K, Borgeod, N, Dramstad, E, Fannemel, M, Frich, JC, Gorvell, PF, Heiberg, A, Lorentzen, E, Retterstol, L, Rosby, O, Sikiric, A, Stokke, B, van Walsem, M, Wehus, R, Bjornevoll, I, Sando, SB, Haug, MG, Storseth, HH, Arntsen, V, Dziadkiewicz, A, Konkel, A, Narozanska, E, Robowski, P, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Szinwelski, M, Arkuszewski, M, Blaszczyk, M, Boczarska-Jedynak, M, Ciach-Wysocka, E, Gorzkowska, A, Nska-Myga, BJ, Kaczmarczyk, A, Klodowska-Duda, G, Opala, G, Stompel, D, Banaszkiewicz, K, Bocwinska, D, Bojakowska-Jaremek, K, Dec, M, Grabska, N, Krawczyk, GM, Kubowicz, E, Malec-Litwinowicz, M, Rudzinska, M, Stenwak, A, Szczudlik, A, Szczygiel, E, Wojcik, M, Wasielewska, A, Bryl, JAA, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Samara, H, Sempolowicz, J, Sniewski, BW, Zielonka, D, Gogol, A, Janik, P, Jamrozik, Z, Kaminska, A, Kwiecinski, H, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Krysa, W, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Rola, R, Ryglewicz, D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, H, Stepniak, I, Sulek, A, Witkowski, G, Zaremba, J, Zdzienicka, E, Ziora-Jakutowicz, K, Januario, C, Julio, F, Guedes, LC, Coelho, M, Finisterra, AM, Ferreira, JJ, Mestre, T, Mendes, T, Rosa, MM, Valadas, A, Kopishinskaya, S, Korotysh, M, Herrera, CD, Moreno, PG, Bas, J, Busquets, N, Calopa, M, Classen, SJ, Dedicha, NR, Buongiorno, MT, Maria, ADS, Munoz, E, Santacruz, P, Barbera, MA, Pardo, SA, Guia, DB, Calzado, N, Hernanz, LC, Diaz-Zorita, JPT, Catena, JL, Ferrer, PQ, Carruesco, GT, Robert, MF, Viladrich, CM, Roca, E, Idiago, JMR, Riballo, AV, Campolongo, A, de Bobadilla, RF, Bojarsky, JK, Martinez-Horta, S, Pagonabarraga, J, Perez, JP, Ribosa, R, Villa, C, Gil, MAA, Corrales, KB, Esteban, JCG, Gonzalez, A, Merino, BT, Cubo, E, Polo, CG, Mariscal, N, Romero, SG, Arbelo, JM, de Molina, RM, Martin, I, Perianez, JM, Udaeta, B, Alonso-Frech, F, Frades, B, Villanueva, MA, Sevilla, MAZ, Frech, FA, Fenollar, MD, Garcia, RGR, Villanueva, C, Bascunana, M, Ventura, MF, Ribas, GG, de Yebenes, JG, Moreno, JLLS, Barral, VM, Ruiz, PJG, Garcia, A, Lopez, RG, Barcenas, AH, Martinez-Descals, A, Martin, VP, Martinez, NR, Artiga, MJS, Sanchez, V, Pueyo, A, Gonzalez, S, Guisasola, LM, Ribacoba, MPPR, Salvador, C, Lozano, PS, Caldentey, JG, Ramirez, IL, Arques, PN, Lopera, MR, Pastor, BV, Gaston, I, Garcia-Amigot, F, Martinez-Jaurrieta, MD, Ramos-Arroyo, MA, Carrillo, F, Redondo, MTC, Mir, P, Gonzalez, LV, Moreno, JMG, Lucena, CM, Pena, JC, Redondo, L, Sanchez, VS, Fernandez, CM, Mata, MP, Lemos, MDR, Bosca, M, Burguera, JA, Vilaplana, FCBCP, Solis, P, Figuerola, BJ, Palanca, PM, Berglund, P, Constantinescu, R, Fredlund, G, Hosterey-Ugander, U, Linnsand, P, Neleborn-Lingefjard, L, Wahlstrom, J, Palhagen, S, Svenningsson, P, Paucar, M, Wallden, T, Ekwall, C, Goller, ML, Sundblom, J, Stebler, Y, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schupbach, M, Zaugg, SW, Jung, H, Petersen, J, Auer, M, Mihaylova, V, Vernon, N, Akhtar, S, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, de Souza, J, Piedad, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Pallett, A, Coulthard, E, Gethin, L, Hayward, B, Sieradzan, K, Wright, A, Busse, M, Butcher, C, Dunnett, S, Clenaghan, C, Hunt, S, Jones, L, Jones, U, Khalil, H, Minster, S, Owen, M, Price, K, Townhill, J, Rosser, A, Edwards, M, Ho, C, McGill, M, Porteous, M, Pearson, P, Harrower, T, Irvine, S, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, McKenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Deith, C, Ireland, J, Ritchie, S, Andrew, A, Frost, J, Noad, R, Cosgrove, J, Gallantree, D, Hamer, S, Hobson, E, Jamieson, S, Kraus, A, Longthorpe, M, Markova, I, Musgrave, H, Peacy, C, Raman, A, Rowett, L, Toscano, J, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Freire-Patino, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Alusi, S, Davies, R, Foy, K, Gerrans, E, Leggett, H, Pate, L, Anjum, U, Coebergh, J, Eddy, C, McEntagart, M, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Andrews, T, Brown, S, Bruno, S, Doherty, K, Golding, C, Haider, S, Hensman, D, Lahiri, N, Lewis, M, Novak, M, Patel, A, Robertson, N, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Bek, J, Callaghan, J, Craufurd, D, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Johnson, L, Jones, M, Krishnamoorthy, A, Murphy, H, Oughton, E, Partington-Jones, L, Rogers, D, Sollom, A, Snowden, J, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Tinkler, P, Trender-Gerhard, I, Verstraelen, N, Westmoreland, L, Cass, G, Davidson, L, Davison, J, Fullerton, N, Holmes, K, Komati, S, McDonnell, S, Mohammed, Z, Morgan, K, Savage, L, Singh, B, Wood, J, Chu, E, Knight, C, O'Neill, M, Das Purkayastha, D, Nemeth, AH, Siuda, G, Valentine, R, Dixon, K, Armstrong, R, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Large, S, Donovan, JO, Palmer, A, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Timings, L, Williams, J, Burn, J, Weekes, R, Craven, J, Bailey, W, Coleman, C, Haig-Brown, D, Simpson, S, Hare, M, Majeed, T, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Gill, P, Kazoka, M, Nevitt, L, Peppa, N, Quarrell, O, Taylor, C, Tidswell, K, O'Donovan, K, Agarwal, V, Anderson, M, Gunner, K, Harris, K, Hayward, E, Heywood, M, Keys, L, Kipps, C, MacKinnon, L, Smalley, S, Gowers, L, Powell, K, Bethwaite, P, Edwards, R, Fuller, K, Phillips, M, Tan, L, Burgunder, JM, Lau, PN, Pica, E, Shoulson, I, Gusella, JG, Antonijevic, I, vankammen, D, Foroud, T, Warner, J, Giuliano, J, Vetter, L, Marshall, F, Marder, K, Frucht, S, Moskowitz, C, Clouse, R, Wasserman, P, Shannon, K, Jaglin, J, Jankovic, J, Palao, A, Harrison, M, Singer, C, Quesada, M, Hersch, S, Rosas, D, Tanev, K, Malarick, K, Colcher, A, Sanchez-Ramos, J, Kostyk, S, Paulsen, J, Perlmutter, J, Tabbal, S, Ross, C, Dorsey, R, Nucifora, F, Dubinsky, R, Dubinsky, H, Suchowersky, O, Klimek, ML, Jones, R, Morgan, J, Mohlo, E, Kang, U, Agarwal, P, Factor, S, Jennings, D, Higgins, D, Adams, J, Frank, S, Saint-Hilaire, M, Diggin, M, Furtado, S, Walker, F, O'Neill, C, Quaid, K, LeDoux, M, Raymond, L, Leavitt, B, Decolongon, J, Perlman, S, Peavy, G, Goldstein, J, Kumar, R, McCusker, E, Griffith, J, Loy, C, Wheelock, V, Tempkin, T, Martin, A, Nance, M, Mallonee, W, Suter, G, Revilla, F, Gartner, M, Drazinic, C, Fitzpatrick, MJ, Panisset, M, Duff, K, Scott, B, Weiner, W, Robottom, B, Chiu, E, Yastrubetskaya, O, Churchyard, A, Greenamyre, TJ, Oakes, D, Beck, C, Robertson, S, Eaton, K, Lindsay, P, Deuel, L, MacDonald, M, Hickey, C, Muratori, L, Leserman, A, Doucette, N, Uc, E, Rodnitzky, R, Vik, S, Davis, R, Dietrich, S, Segro, V, Erickson, D, Hunt, V, Lucarelli, N, Broyles, J, Delarosa, J, Louis, E, Panegyres, P, Schmidt, A, Barton, S, Sperin, E, Testa, C, Thiede, F, Zauber, SE, McInnis, R, Welsh, C, Wesson, M, Coleman, A, and European Commission
Subjects: Adult, Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, COHORT, Cox hazard model, quantile regression, REGISTRY, symbol digit modalities test, Genotype, Neuropsychological Tests, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Huntington's disease, Rating scale, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Verbal fluency test, Longitudinal Studies, Genetics (clinical), Proportional Hazards Models, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Psychiatry and Mental health, Huntington Disease, Phenotype, Test score, Cohort, Disease Progression, Female, Observational study, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stroop effect, Clinical psychology
Abstract: REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network and COHORT Investigators of the Huntington Study Group., Studying individuals with extreme phenotypes could facilitate the understanding of disease modification by genetic or environmental factors. Our aim was to identify Huntington's disease (HD) patients with extreme symbol digit modality test (SDMT) scores. We first examined in HD the contribution of cognitive measures of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) in predicting clinical endpoints. The language-independent SDMT was used to identify patients performing very well or very poorly relative to their CAG and age cohort. We used data from REGISTRY and COHORT observational study participants (5,603 HD participants with CAG repeats above 39 with 13,868 visits) and of 1,006 healthy volunteers (with 2,241 visits), included to identify natural aging and education effects on cognitive measures. Separate Cox proportional hazards models with CAG, age at study entry, education, sex, UHDRS total motor score and cognitive (SDMT, verbal fluency, Stroop tests) scores as covariates were used to predict clinical endpoints. Quantile regression for longitudinal language-independent SDMT data was used for boundary (2.5% and 97.5% quantiles) estimation and extreme score analyses stratified by age, education, and CAG repeat length. Ten percent of HD participants had an extreme SDMT phenotype for at least one visit. In contrast, only about 3% of participants were consistent SDMT extremes at two or more visits. The thresholds for the one-visit and two-visit extremes can be used to classify existing and new individuals. The identification of these phenotype extremes can be useful in the search for disease modifiers., This work was in part funded by a grant from the EuropeanCommission under the 7th framework programme (RD-Connect, grantagreement number 305444).
Published: 2019
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7. Apathy associated with impaired recognition of happy facial expressions in Huntington's disease

Author: Osborne-Crowley, K., Andrews, S.C., Labuschagne, I., Nair, A., Scahill, R., Craufurd, D., Tabrizi, S.J., Stout, J.C., Campbell, C., Campbell, M., Frajman, E., Milchman, C., O'Regan, A., Coleman, A., Santos, R.D., Decolongon, J., Sturrock, A., Bardinet, E., Jauffret, C., Justo, D., Lehericy, S., Marelli, C., Nigaud, K., Pourchot, P., Valabregue, R., Bechtel, N., Bohlen, S., Reilmann, R., Hoffman, A., Kraus, P., Landwehrmeyer, B., Bogaard, S.J.A. van den, Dumas, E.M., Grond, J. van der, t'Hart, E.P., Jurgens, C., Witjes-Ane, M.N., Arran, N., Callaghan, J., Stopford, C., Frost, C., Jones, R., Berna, C., Crawford, H., Fox, N., Gibbard, C., Hobbs, N., Lahiri, N., Malone, I., Ordidge, R., Owen, G., Patel, A., Pepple, T., Read, J., Say, M., Whitehead, D., Wild, E., Keenan, S., Cash, D.M., Hicks, S., Kennard, C., Acharya, T., Axelson, E., Johnson, H., Langbehn, D., Wang, C., Lee, S., Monaco, W., Rosas, H., Queller, S., Whitlock, K., Borowsky, B., Tobin, A., and TRACK-HD Investigators
Subjects: Adult, Male, cognition, Emotions, emotion, apathy, Neuropathology, Article, social behavior, Huntington's disease, Rating scale, cognition disorders, medicine, Humans, Psychological testing, Apathy, Cognitive skill, Facial expression, General Neuroscience, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Facial Expression, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Huntington Disease, Social Perception, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, Facial Recognition, Clinical psychology, Huntington’s disease
Abstract: Objectives: Previous research has demonstrated an association between emotion recognition and apathy in several neurological conditions involving fronto-striatal pathology, including Parkinson’s disease and brain injury. In line with these findings, we aimed to determine whether apathetic participants with early Huntington’s disease (HD) were more impaired on an emotion recognition task compared to non-apathetic participants and healthy controls. Methods: We included 43 participants from the TRACK-HD study who reported apathy on the Problem Behaviours Assessment – short version (PBA-S), 67 participants who reported no apathy, and 107 controls matched for age, sex, and level of education. During their baseline TRACK-HD visit, participants completed a battery of cognitive and psychological tests including an emotion recognition task, the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS) and were assessed on the PBA-S. Results: Compared to the non-apathetic group and the control group, the apathetic group were impaired on the recognition of happy facial expressions, after controlling for depression symptomology on the HADS and general disease progression (Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale total motor score). This was despite no difference between the apathetic and non-apathetic group on overall cognitive functioning assessed by a cognitive composite score. Conclusions: Impairment of the recognition of happy expressions may be part of the clinical picture of apathy in HD. While shared reliance on frontostriatal pathways may broadly explain associations between emotion recognition and apathy found across several patient groups, further work is needed to determine what relationships exist between recognition of specific emotions, distinct subtypes of apathy and underlying neuropathology. (JINS, 2019, 25, 453–461)
Published: 2019

8. MSH3 modifies somatic instability and disease severity in Huntington's and myotonic dystrophy type 1

Author: Flower, M, Lomeikaite, V, Ciosi, M, Cumming, S, Morales, F, Lo, K, Hensman Moss, D, Jones, L, Holmans, P, Monckton, DG, Tabrizi, SJ, Kraus, P, Hoffman, R, Tobin, A, Borowsky, B, Keenan, S, Whitlock, KB, Queller, S, Campbell, C, Wang, C, Langbehn, D, Axelson, E, Johnson, H, Acharya, T, Cash, DM, Frost, C, Jones, R, Jurgens, C, Hart, EPT, Van Der Grond, J, Witjes- Ane, MNN, Roos, RAC, Dumas, EM, Van Den Bogaard, SJA, Stopford, C, Craufurd, D, Callaghan, J, Arran, N, Rosas, DD, Lee, S, Monaco, W, O'Regan, A, Milchman, C, Frajman, E, Labuschagne, I, Stout, J, Campbell, M, Andrews, SC, Bechtel, N, Reilmann, R, Bohlen, S, Kennard, C, Berna, C, Hicks, S, Durr, A, Pourchot, C, Bardinet, E, Nigaud, K, Valabrègue, R, Lehericy, S, Marelli, C, Jauffret, C, Justo, D, Leavitt, B, Decolongon, J, Sturrock, A, Coleman, A, Dar Santos, R, Patel, A, Gibbard, C, Whitehead, D, Wild, E, Owen, G, Crawford, H, Malone, I, Lahiri, N, Fox, NC, Hobbs, NZ, Scahill, RI, Ordidge, R, Pepple, T, Read, J, Say, MJ, Landwehrmeyer, B, Daidj, F, Bassez, G, Lignier, B, Couppey, F, Delmas, S, Deux, JF, Hankiewicz, K, Dogan, C, Minier, L, Chevalier, P, Hamadouche, A, Catt, M, Van Hees, V, Catt, S, Schwalber, A, Dittrich, J, Flower, M, Lomeikaite, V, Ciosi, M, Cumming, S, Morales, F, Lo, K, Hensman Moss, D, Jones, L, Holmans, P, Monckton, DG, Tabrizi, SJ, Kraus, P, Hoffman, R, Tobin, A, Borowsky, B, Keenan, S, Whitlock, KB, Queller, S, Campbell, C, Wang, C, Langbehn, D, Axelson, E, Johnson, H, Acharya, T, Cash, DM, Frost, C, Jones, R, Jurgens, C, Hart, EPT, Van Der Grond, J, Witjes- Ane, MNN, Roos, RAC, Dumas, EM, Van Den Bogaard, SJA, Stopford, C, Craufurd, D, Callaghan, J, Arran, N, Rosas, DD, Lee, S, Monaco, W, O'Regan, A, Milchman, C, Frajman, E, Labuschagne, I, Stout, J, Campbell, M, Andrews, SC, Bechtel, N, Reilmann, R, Bohlen, S, Kennard, C, Berna, C, Hicks, S, Durr, A, Pourchot, C, Bardinet, E, Nigaud, K, Valabrègue, R, Lehericy, S, Marelli, C, Jauffret, C, Justo, D, Leavitt, B, Decolongon, J, Sturrock, A, Coleman, A, Dar Santos, R, Patel, A, Gibbard, C, Whitehead, D, Wild, E, Owen, G, Crawford, H, Malone, I, Lahiri, N, Fox, NC, Hobbs, NZ, Scahill, RI, Ordidge, R, Pepple, T, Read, J, Say, MJ, Landwehrmeyer, B, Daidj, F, Bassez, G, Lignier, B, Couppey, F, Delmas, S, Deux, JF, Hankiewicz, K, Dogan, C, Minier, L, Chevalier, P, Hamadouche, A, Catt, M, Van Hees, V, Catt, S, Schwalber, A, and Dittrich, J
Abstract: The mismatch repair gene MSH3 has been implicated as a genetic modifier of the CAG·CTG repeat expansion disorders Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1. A recent Huntington's disease genome-wide association study found rs557874766, an imputed single nucleotide polymorphism located within a polymorphic 9 bp tandem repeat in MSH3/DHFR, as the variant most significantly associated with progression in Huntington's disease. Using Illumina sequencing in Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1 subjects, we show that rs557874766 is an alignment artefact, the minor allele for which corresponds to a three-repeat allele in MSH3 exon 1 that is associated with a reduced rate of somatic CAG·CTG expansion (P = 0.004) and delayed disease onset (P = 0.003) in both Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1, and slower progression (P = 3.86 × 10-7) in Huntington's disease. RNA-Seq of whole blood in the Huntington's disease subjects found that repeat variants are associated with MSH3 and DHFR expression. A transcriptome-wide association study in the Huntington's disease cohort found increased MSH3 and DHFR expression are associated with disease progression. These results suggest that variation in the MSH3 exon 1 repeat region influences somatic expansion and disease phenotype in Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1, and suggests a common DNA repair mechanism operates in both repeat expansion diseases.
Published: 2019

9. Neuropsychiatry and White Matter Microstructure in Huntington’s Disease

Author: Gregory, Sarah L., Scahill, Rachael I., Seunarine, Kiran K., Stopford, Cheryl, Zhang, Hui, Zhang, Jiaying, Orth, Michael, Dürr, Alexandra, Roos, Raymund A. C., Langbehn, Douglas R., Long, Jeffrey D., Johnson, Hans, Rees, Geraint, Tabrizi, Sarah J., Craufurd, David I. O., Campbell, C., Campbell, Melissa, Labuschagne, Izelle, Milchman, C., Coleman, Allison J., Dar Santos, Rachelle C., Decolongon, J., Sturrock, A., Jauffret, Céline, Justo, Damian, Lehericy, Stephane, Marelli, Cecilia, Nigaud, Kevin, Valabrègue, Romain, Bechtel, Natalie, Bohlen, Stefan, van den Bogaard, Simon, Dumas, Eve M., Van der Grond, Jeroen, 't Hart, E. P., Arran, N., Callaghan, Jenny, Cash, David, Crawford, H., Fox, Nick, Hobbs, Nicola Z., Lahiri, Nayana, Malone, Ian, Read, Joy, Say, Miranda Julia, Whitehead, Dean, Wild, E., Jones, R., Axelson, Eric, Queller, Sarah, and Campbell, Colin
Subjects: Adult, Male, Research Report, medicine.medical_specialty, Apathy, Population, Splenium, Audiology, Corpus callosum, Irritability, 050105 experimental psychology, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Huntington's disease, Surveys and Questionnaires, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, irritability, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, education, Psychiatry, Depressive Disorder, education.field_of_study, 05 social sciences, Middle Aged, diffusion tensor imaging, medicine.disease, White Matter, Irritable Mood, Huntington Disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Behavior Rating Scale, depression, Anisotropy, Regression Analysis, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Huntington’s disease
Abstract: Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Huntington’s disease (HD) are often evident prior to clinical diagnosis. Apathy is highly correlated with disease progression, while depression and irritability occur at different stages of the disease, both before and after clinical onset. Little is understood about the neural bases of these neuropsychiatric symptoms and to what extent those neural bases are analogous to neuropsychiatric disorders in the general population. Objective: We used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to investigate structural connectivity between brain regions and any putative microstructural changes associated with depression, apathy and irritability in HD. Methods: DTI data were collected from 39 premanifest and 45 early-HD participants in the Track-HD study and analysed using whole-brain Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. We used regression analyses to identify white matter tracts whose structural integrity (as measured by fractional anisotropy, FA) was correlated with HADS-depression, PBA-apathy or PBA-irritability scores in gene-carriers and related to cumulative probability to onset (CPO). Results: For those with the highest CPO, we found significant correlations between depression scores and reduced FA in the splenium of the corpus callosum. In contrast, those with lowest CPO demonstrated significant correlations between irritability scores and widespread FA reductions. There was no significant relationship between apathy and FA throughout the whole brain. Conclusions: We demonstrate that white matter changes associated with both depression and irritability in HD occur at different stages of disease progression concomitant with their clinical presentation.
Published: 2015
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10. Suicidal ideation in a European Huntington's disease population

Author: Hubers, Aa, van Duijn, E, Roos, Ra, Craufurd, D, Rickards, H, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, G, van der Mast RC, Giltay, Ej, Bachoud Lévi AC, Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, Rm, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, Jj, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Llmann, Ti, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Levey, J, Ramos Arroyo MA, Nielsen, Je, Prokoivisto, S, Päivärinta, M, Rojo Sebastián, A, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlström, J, Barth, K, Correia Guedes, L, Finisterra, Am, Garde, Mb, Bos, R, Betz, S, Callaghan, J, Fullam, R, Ecker, D, Nielsen, Mg, Hvalstedt, C, Held, C, Koppers, K, Laurà, M, Horta, Sm, Descals, Am, Mestre, T, Minster, S, Monza, D, Mütze, L, Oehmen, M, Townhill, J, Orth, M, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Peppa, N, Pro Koivisto, S, Roedig, V, Rialland, A, Røren, N, Šašinková, P, Seliverstov, Y, Cubillo, Pt, Walsem, Mr, Wright, A, da Silva WV, Witjes Ané MN, Yudina, E, Zielonka, D, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Herranhof, B, Holl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Scheibl, M, Hecht, K, Lilek, S, Müller, N, Schöggl, H, Ullah, J, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Buratti, L, Hametner, Em, Holas, C, Hussl, A, Poewe, W, Braunwarth, Em, Sprenger, F, Müller, C, Sinadinosa, D, Walleczek, Am, Ladurner, G, Staffen, W, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Boogaerts, A, van Reijen, D, Klempíř, J, Majerová, V, Roth, J, Hartikainen, P, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Ignatius, J, Kärppä, M, Åman, J, Mustonen, A, Kajula, O, Santala, M, Allain, P, Guérid, Ma, Gohier, B, Olivier, A, Prundean, A, Scherer Gagou, C, Verny, C, Bost, M, Babiloni, B, Debruxelles, S, Duché, C, Goizet, C, Lafoucrière, D, Jameau, L, Spampinato, U, De Bruycker, C, Cabaret, M, Carette, As, Defebvre, L, Decorte, E, Delval, A, Delliaux, M, Destee, A, Dujardin, K, Peter, M, Plomhouse, L, Sablonnière, B, Simonin, C, Lemaire, Mh, Manouvrier, S, Thibault Tanchou, S, Vuillaume, I, Krystkowiak, P, Duru, C, Roussel, M, Wannepain, S, Berrissoul, H, Bellonet, M, Courtin, F, Mantaux, B, Fasquel, V, Godefroy, O, Azulay, Jp, Fluchère, F, Delfini, M, Eusebio, A, Mundler, L, Longato, N, Rudolf, G, Steinmetz, G, Tranchant, C, Wagner, C, Zimmermann, M, Marcel, C, Calvas, F, Pariente, J, Démonet, Jf, Cheriet, S, Kosinski, Cm, Milkereit, E, Probst, D, Reetz, K, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Prüß, H, Spruth, Ej, Andrich, J, Ellrichmann, G, Hoffmann, R, Kaminski, B, Saft, C, Stamm, C, Lange, H, Bosredon, C, Maass, A, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, M, Kohl, Z, Winkler, J, Capetian, P, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Goerendt, I, Hidding, U, Lewerenz, J, Münchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Diercks, G, Dressler, D, Gorzolla, H, Schrader, C, Tacik, P, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Bürk, K, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Mühlau, M, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Winkelmann, J, Ziegler, C, Bohlen, S, Hölzner, E, Reilmann, R, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Schwenk, D, Süßmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Cormio, C, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Tommaso, M, Capellari, S, Cortelli, P, Gallassi, R, Poda, R, Rizzo, G, Scaglione, C, Bertini, E, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Massaro, F, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, Am, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria, E, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Bella, D, Di Donato, S, Gellera, C, Genitrini, S, Mariotti, C, Nanetti, L, Paridi, D, Soliveri, P, Tomasello, C, De Michele, G, Di Maio, L, Salvatore, E, Rinaldi, C, Rossi, F, Massarelli, M, Roca, A, Ammendola, S, Russo, Cv, Squitieri, F, Elifani, F, Maglione, V, Di Pardo, A, Alberti, S, Griguoli, A, Amico, E, Martino, T, Petrollini, M, Catalli, C, Di Giacopo, R, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Chiara, P, Quaranta, D, Romano, Silvia, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Romano, S, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, Weert, A, Bolwijn, J, Dekker, M, Leenders, K, Kremer, Hp, Dumas, Em, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, Økland, E, Hauge, E, Tyvoll, H, Frich, J, Aaserud, O, Wehus, R, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Lorentzen, E, Koivisto, Sp, Retterstøl, L, Overland, T, Stokke, B, Sando, B, Dziadkiewicz, A, Nowak, M, Robowski, P, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Szinwelski, M, Blaszcyk, M, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Ciach Wysocka, E, Gorzkowska, A, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, Kłodowska Duda, G, Stompel, D, Banaszkiewicz, K, Boćwińska, D, Szczudlik, A, Rudzińska, M, Wójcik, M, Dec, M, Krawczyk, M, Jaremek, Kb, Szczygieł, E, Stenwak, A, Ielewska, Aw, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Sempołowicz, J, Samara, H, Wiśniewski, B, Janik, P, Gogol, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Kaminska, A, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Rola, R, Ryglewicz, D, Sienkiewicz Jarosz, H, Stępniak, I, Witkowski, G, 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García, Ss, Riballo, Av, González, Sg, Guisasola, Lm, Salvador, C, San Martín ES, González, M, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Arques, Pn, Torres Rodríguez MJ, Vives, B, Gaston, I, Martinez Jaurrieta MD, Manuel, J, Moreno, G, Peña, Jc, Avarvarei, Ld, Bastida, Am, Recio, Mf, Vergé, Lr, Sánchez, Vs, Carrillo, F, Cáceres, Mt, Mir, P, Suarez, Mj, Bosca, M, Burguera, Ja, Garcia, Ac, Brugada, Fc, Martínez, Lm, Val, Jl, Loutfi, G, Olofsson, C, Stattin, El, Westman, L, Wikström, B, Lhagen, Se, Paucar, M, Svenningsson, P, Reza Soltani TW, Höglund, A, Sandström, B, Høsterey Ugander, U, Fredlund, G, Constantinescu, R, Neleborn Lingefjärd, L, Tedr off, J, Esmaeilzadeh, M, Winnberg, E, Pålhagen, S, Svennigsson, P, Riza Soltani TW, Sundblom, J, Johansson, A, Wiklund, L, Ekwall, C, Göller, Ml, Petersén, A, Reimer, J, Widner, H, Stebler, Y, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Weber, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Downie, L, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Jack, R, Matheson, K, Akhtar, S, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, Souza, J, Wright, J, Hayward, B, Sieradzan, K, Barker, Ra, O'Keefe, D, Di Pietro, A, Fisher, K, Hill, S, Mason, S, Swain, R, Valle, N, Guzman, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Butcher, C, Clenaghan, C, Dunnett, S, Handley, O, Hunt, S, Hughes, A, Johnstone, C, Jones, L, Jones, U, Khalil, H, Owen, M, Price, K, Rose, Le, Rosser, A, Porteous, M, Edwards, M, Ho, C, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Miller, J, Ritchie, S, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Harding, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Rowett, L, Gallantrae, D, Longthorpe, M, Markova, I, Raman, A, Hamer, S, Wild, S, Yarduiman, P, Chu, C, Kraus, A, Yardumian, P, Musgrave, H, Toscano, J, Jamieson, S, Hobson, E, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Middleton, J, Freire Patino, D, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Laing, H, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Santhouse, A, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Haider, S, Hensman, D, Lahiri, N, Lewis, M, Novak, M, Patel, A, Robertson, N, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Howard, L, Sollom, A, Snowden, J, Thompson, J, Jones, M, Murphy, H, Trender Gerhard, I, Rogers, D, Bek, J, Oughton, E, Johnson, L, Hare, M, Arran, N, Verstraelen, N, Partington Jones, L, Huson, S, Stopford, C, Westmoreland, L, Davidson, J, Morgan, K, Savage, L, Singh, B, Komati, S, Nemeth, Ah, Armstrong, R, Valentine, R, Siuda, G, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Burn, J, Coleman, C, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Gill, P, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Kazoka, M, O'Donovan, K, Taylor, C, Tidswell, K, Quarrell, O., Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), A. A., M, E. v., Duijn, R. A., C, D., Craufurd, H., Rickard, G. B., Landwehrmeyer, R. C., Van, E. J., Giltay, R. E., G., Rinaldi, Carlo, Anna A.M. Huber, Erik van Duijn, Raymund A.C. Roo, David Craufurd, Hugh Rickard, G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Rose C. van der Mast, Erik J. Giltay REGISTRY investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Collaborators: Bachoud-Lévi AC, Bentivoglio AR, Biunno I, Bonelli RM, Burgunder JM, Dunnett SB, Ferreira JJ, Handley OJ, Heiberg A, llmann TI, Landwehrmeyer GB, Levey J, Ramos-Arroyo MA, Nielsen JE, ProKoivisto S, Päivärinta M, Roos RA, Rojo Sebastián A, Tabrizi SJ, Vandenberghe W, Verellen- Dumoulin C, Zaremba J, Uhrova T, Wahlström J, Barth K, Correia-Guedes L, Finisterra AM, Garde MB, Bos R, Betz S, Callaghan J, Fullam R, Ecker D, Nielsen MG, Hvalstedt C, Held C, Koppers K, Laurà M, Horta SM, Descals AM, Mestre T, Minster S, Monza D, Mütze L, Oehmen M, Townhill J, Orth M, Padieu H, Paterski L, Peppa N, Pro Koivisto S, Roedig V, Rialland A, Røren N, Šašinková P, Seliverstov Y, Cubillo PT, Walsem MR, Wright A, da Silva WV, Witjes-Ané MN, Yudina E, Zielonka D, Zielonka E, Zinzi P, Herranhof B, Holl A, Kapfhammer HP, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinger K, Scheibl M, Hecht K, Lilek S, Müller N, Schöggl H, Ullah J, Brugger F, Hepperger C, Hotter A, Seppi K, Wenning G, Buratti L, Hametner EM, Holas C, Hussl A, Poewe W, Braunwarth EM, Sprenger F, Müller C, Sinadinosa D, Walleczek AM, Ladurner G, Staffen W, Flamez A, Morez V, de Raedt S, Boogaerts A, van Reijen D, Klempíř J, Majerová V, Roth J, Hartikainen P, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Ignatius J, Kärppä M, Åman J, Mustonen A, Kajula O, Santala M, Allain P, Guérid MA, Gohier B, Olivier A, Prundean A, Scherer- Gagou C, Verny C, Bost M, Babiloni B, Debruxelles S, Duché C, Goizet C, Lafoucrière D, Jameau L, Spampinato U, De Bruycker C, Cabaret M, Carette AS, Defebvre L, Decorte E, Delval A, Delliaux M, Destee A, Dujardin K, Peter M, Plomhouse L, Sablonnière B, Simonin C, Lemaire MH, Manouvrier S, Thibault-Tanchou S, Vuillaume I, Krystkowiak P, Duru C, Roussel M, Wannepain S, Berrissoul H, Bellonet M, Courtin F, Mantaux B, Fasquel V, Godefroy O, Azulay JP, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Eusebio A, Mundler L, Longato N, Rudolf G, Steinmetz G, Tranchant C, Wagner C, Zimmermann M, Marcel C, Calvas F, Pariente J, Démonet JF, Cheriet S, Kosinski CM, Milkereit E, Probst D, Reetz K, Sass C, Schiefer J, Schlangen C, Werner CJ, Gelderblom H, Priller J, Prüß H, Spruth EJ, Andrich J, Ellrichmann G, Hoffmann R, Kaminski B, Saft C, Stamm C, Lange H, Bosredon C, Maass A, Schmidt S, Storch A, Wolz M, Kohl Z, Winkler J, Capetian P, Lambeck J, Zucker B, Boelmans K, Ganos C, Goerendt I, Hidding U, Lewerenz J, Münchau A, Schmalfeld J, Stubbe L, Zittel S, Diercks G, Dressler D, Gorzolla H, Schrader C, Tacik P, Heinicke W, Longinus B, Bürk K, Möller JC, Rissling I, Mühlau M, Peinemann A, Städtler M, Weindl A, Winkelmann J, Ziegler C, Bohlen S, Hölzner E, Reilmann R, Dose M, Leythaeuser G, Marquard R, Raab T, Schrenk C, Schuierer M, Buck A, Connemann J, Eschenbach C, Landwehrmeyer B, Lezius F, Nepper S, Niess A, Schwenk D, Süßmuth S, Trautmann S, Weydt P, Cormio C, Sciruicchio V, Serpino C, Tommaso M, Capellari S, Cortelli P, Gallassi R, Poda R, Rizzo G, Scaglione C, Bertini E, Ghelli E, Ginestroni A, Massaro F, Mechi C, Paganini M, Piacentini S, Pradella S, Romoli AM, Sorbi S, Abbruzzese G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria E, Ferrandes G, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Bella D, Di Donato S, Gellera C, Genitrini S, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Paridi D, Soliveri P, Tomasello C, De Michele G, Di Maio L, Salvatore E, Rinaldi C, Rossi F, Massarelli M, Roca A, Ammendola S, Russo CV, Squitieri F, Elifani F, Maglione V, Di Pardo A, Alberti S, Griguoli A, Amico E, Martino T, Petrollini M, Catalli C, Di Giacopo R, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Chiara P, Quaranta D, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, Weert A, Bolwijn J, Dekker M, Leenders K, Kremer HP, Dumas EM, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, van Duijn E, Økland E, Hauge E, Tyvoll H, Frich J, Aaserud O, Wehus R, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Gørvell P, Lorentzen E, Koivisto SP, Retterstøl L, Overland T, Stokke B, Sando B, Dziadkiewicz A, Nowak M, Robowski P, Sitek E, Slawek J, Soltan W, Szinwelski M, Blaszcyk M, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Ciach-Wysocka E, Gorzkowska A, Jasinska-Myga B, Opala G, Kłodowska-Duda G, Stompel D, Banaszkiewicz K, Boćwińska D, Szczudlik A, Rudzińska M, Wójcik M, Dec M, Krawczyk M, Jaremek KB, Szczygieł E, Stenwak A, ielewska AW, Bryl A, Ciesielska A, Klimberg A, Marcinkowski J, Sempołowicz J, Samara H, Wiśniewski B, Janik P, Gogol A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Kaminska A, Antczak J, Jachinska K, Rakowicz M, Richter P, Rola R, Ryglewicz D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Stępniak I, Witkowski G, Zdzienicka E, Sułek A, Krysa W, Zieora-Jakutowicz K, Júlio F, Januário C, Coelho M, Mendes T, Valadas A, Timóteo Â, Costa C, Cavaco S, Damásio J, Loureiro R, Magalhães M, Andrade C, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra MR, Lima J, Massano J, Meireles J, Herrera CD, Garcia PM, Barrero F, Morales B, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, Alonso-Frech F, Perez MR, Fenollar M, García RG, Quiroga PP, Rivera SV, Villanueva C, Alegre J, Bascuñana M, Caldentey JG, Ventura MF, Ribas GG, Yébenes JG, López-Sendón Moreno JL, García Ruíz PJ, Martínez-Descals A, Artiga MJ, Sánchez V, Guerrero R, Bárcenas AH, Noguera Perea MF, Fortuna L, Martirio M, Torres A, Reinante G, Moreau LV, Barbera MA, Guia DB, Hernanz LC, Catena JL, Sebastián AR, Ferrer PQ, Carruesco GT, Bas J, Busquets N, Calopa M, Elorza MD, Díez-AjaLópez C, Terol SD, Robert MF, Ruíz BG, Casado AG, Martínez IH, Viladrich CM, Càrdenas RP, Roca E, Llesoy JR, Idiago JM, Vergara MR, García SS, Riballo AV, González SG, Guisasola LM, Salvador C, San Martín ES, González M, Gorospe A, Legarda I, Arques PN, Torres Rodríguez MJ, Vives B, Gaston I, Martinez-Jaurrieta MD, Manuel J, Moreno G, Peña JC, Avarvarei LD, Bastida AM, Recio MF, Vergé LR, Sánchez VS, Carrillo F, Cáceres MT, Mir P, Suarez MJ, Bosca M, Burguera JA, Garcia AC, Brugada FC, Martínez LM, Val JL, Loutfi G, Olofsson C, Stattin EL, Westman L, Wikström B, lhagen SE, Paucar M, Svenningsson P, Reza- Soltani TW, Höglund A, Sandström B, Høsterey-Ugander U, Fredlund G, Constantinescu R, Neleborn-Lingefjärd L, Tedr- off J, Esmaeilzadeh M, Winnberg E, Pålhagen S, Svennigsson P, Riza-Soltani TW, Sundblom J, Johansson A, Wiklund L, Ekwall C, Göller ML, Petersén A, Reimer J, Widner H, Stebler Y, Kaelin A, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Weber S, Miedzybrodzka Z, Rae D, Downie L, Simpson S, Summers F, Ure A, Jack R, Matheson K, Akhtar S, Crooks J, Curtis A, Souza J, Rickards H, Wright J, Hayward B, Sieradzan K, Barker RA, O'Keefe D, Di Pietro A, Fisher K, Hill S, Mason S, Swain R, Valle N, Guzman, Bisson J, Busse M, Butcher C, Clenaghan C, Dunnett S, Handley O, Hunt S, Hughes A, Johnstone C, Jones L, Jones U, Khalil H, Owen M, Price K, Rose LE, Rosser A, Porteous M, Edwards M, Ho C, McGill M, Pearson P, Brockie P, Foster J, Johns N, McKenzie S, Rothery J, Thomas G, Yates S, Miller J, Ritchie S, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Harding A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Rowett L, Gallantrae D, Longthorpe M, Markova I, Raman A, Hamer S, Wild S, Yarduiman P, Chu C, Kraus A, Yardumian P, Musgrave H, Toscano J, Jamieson S, Hobson E, Clayton C, Dipple H, Middleton J, Freire-Patino D, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Laing H, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Santhouse A, Patton M, Peterson M, Rose S, Bruno S, Chu E, Doherty K, Haider S, Hensman D, Lahiri N, Lewis M, Novak M, Patel A, Robertson N, Rosser E, Tabrizi S, Taylor R, Warner T, Wild E, Craufurd D, Howard L, Sollom A, Snowden J, Thompson J, Jones M, Murphy H, Trender-Gerhard I, Rogers D, Bek J, Oughton E, Johnson L, Hare M, Arran N, Verstraelen N, Partington-Jones L, Huson S, Stopford C, Westmoreland L, Davidson J, Morgan K, Savage L, Singh B, Komati S, Nemeth AH, Armstrong R, Valentine R, Siuda G, Harrison D, Hughes M, Parkinson A, Soltysiak B, Burn J, Coleman C, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Gill P, Fairtlough H, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Kazoka M, O'Donovan K, Taylor C, Tidswell K, Quarrell O., Molecular Neuroscience and Ageing Research (MOLAR), Hubers, Aa, van Duijn, E, Roos, Ra, Craufurd, D, Rickards, H, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, G, van der Mast, Rc, Giltay, Ej, CollaboratorsBachoud Lévi AC, REGISTRY investigators of the European Huntington's Disease N. e. t. w. o. r. k., Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, Rm, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, Jj, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Llmann, Ti, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Levey, J, Ramos Arroyo, Ma, Nielsen, Je, Prokoivisto, S, Päivärinta, M, Rojo Sebastián, A, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlström, J, Barth, K, Correia Guedes, L, Finisterra, Am, Garde, Mb, Bos, R, Betz, S, Callaghan, J, Fullam, R, Ecker, D, Nielsen, Mg, Hvalstedt, C, Held, C, Koppers, K, Laurà, M, Horta, Sm, Descals, Am, Mestre, T, Minster, S, Monza, D, Mütze, L, Oehmen, M, Townhill, J, Orth, M, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Peppa, N, Pro Koivisto, S, Roedig, V, Rialland, A, Røren, N, a??inková, P, Seliverstov, Y, Cubillo, Pt, Walsem, Mr, Wright, A, da Silva, Wv, Witjes Ané, Mn, Yudina, E, Zielonka, D, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Herranhof, B, Holl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Scheibl, M, Hecht, K, Lilek, S, Müller, N, Schöggl, H, Ullah, J, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Buratti, L, Hametner, Em, Holas, C, Hussl, A, Poewe, W, Braunwarth, Em, Sprenger, F, Müller, C, Sinadinosa, D, Walleczek, Am, Ladurner, G, Staffen, W, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Boogaerts, A, van Reijen, D, Klempí??, J, Majerová, V, Roth, J, Hartikainen, P, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Ignatius, J, Kärppä, M, Åman, J, Mustonen, A, Kajula, O, Santala, M, Allain, P, Guérid, Ma, Gohier, B, Olivier, A, Prundean, A, Scherer Gagou, C, Verny, C, Bost, M, Babiloni, B, Debruxelles, S, Duché, C, Goizet, C, Lafoucrière, D, Jameau, L, Spampinato, U, De Bruycker, C, Cabaret, M, Carette, A, Defebvre, L, Decorte, E, Delval, A, Delliaux, M, Destee, A, Dujardin, K, Peter, M, Plomhouse, L, Sablonnière, B, Simonin, C, Lemaire, Mh, Manouvrier, S, Thibault Tanchou, S, Vuillaume, I, Krystkowiak, P, Duru, C, Roussel, M, Wannepain, S, Berrissoul, H, Bellonet, M, Courtin, F, Mantaux, B, Fasquel, V, Godefroy, O, Azulay, Jp, Fluchère, F, Delfini, M, Eusebio, A, Mundler, L, Longato, N, Rudolf, G, Steinmetz, G, Tranchant, C, Wagner, C, Zimmermann, M, Marcel, C, Calvas, F, Pariente, J, Démonet, Jf, Cheriet, S, Kosinski, Cm, Milkereit, E, Probst, D, Reetz, K, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Prüß, H, Spruth, Ej, Andrich, J, Ellrichmann, G, Hoffmann, R, Kaminski, B, Saft, C, Stamm, C, Lange, H, Bosredon, C, Maass, A, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, M, Kohl, Z, Winkler, J, Capetian, P, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Goerendt, I, Hidding, U, Lewerenz, J, Münchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Diercks, G, Dressler, D, Gorzolla, H, Schrader, C, Tacik, P, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Bürk, K, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Mühlau, M, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Winkelmann, J, Ziegler, C, Bohlen, S, Hölzner, E, Reilmann, R, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Schwenk, D, Süßmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Cormio, C, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Tommaso, M, Capellari, S, Cortelli, P, Gallassi, R, Poda, R, Rizzo, G, Scaglione, C, Bertini, E, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Massaro, F, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, Am, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, di Poggio, Mb, Di Maria, E, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Bella, D, Di Donato, S, Gellera, C, Genitrini, S, Mariotti, C, Nanetti, L, Paridi, D, Soliveri, P, Tomasello, C, DE MICHELE, Giuseppe, Di Maio, L, Salvatore, Elena, Rossi, F, Massarelli, Marco, Roca, Alessandro, Ammendola, S, Russo, Cinzia, Squitieri, F, Elifani, F, Maglione, V, Di Pardo, A, Alberti, S, Griguoli, A, Amico, E, Martino, T, Petrollini, M, Catalli, C, Di Giacopo, R, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Chiara, P, Quaranta, D, Romano, S, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Rinaldi, C, Massarelli, M, Roca, A, Russo, Cv, van Hout, M, van Vugt, Jp, Weert, A, Bolwijn, J, Dekker, M, Leenders, K, Kremer, Hp, Dumas, Em, van den Bogaard, Sj, 't Hart, Ep, Økland, E, Hauge, E, Tyvoll, H, Frich, J, Aaserud, O, Wehus, R, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Lorentzen, E, Koivisto, Sp, Retterstøl, L, Overland, T, Stokke, B, Sando, B, Dziadkiewicz, A, Nowak, M, Robowski, P, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Szinwelski, M, Blaszcyk, M, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Ciach Wysocka, E, Gorzkowska, A, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, K??odowska Duda, G, Stompel, D, Banaszkiewicz, K, Bo??wi??ska, D, Szczudlik, A, Rudzi??ska, M, Wójcik, M, Dec, M, Krawczyk, M, Jaremek, Kb, Szczygie??, E, Stenwak, A, Ielewska, Aw, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Sempo??owicz, J, Samara, H, Wi??niewski, B, Janik, P, Gogol, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Kaminska, A, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Rola, R, Ryglewicz, D, Sienkiewicz Jarosz, H, St??pniak, I, Witkowski, G, Zdzienicka, E, Su??ek, A, Krysa, W, Zieora Jakutowicz, K, Júlio, F, Januário, C, Coelho, M, Mendes, T, Valadas, A, Timóteo, Â, Costa, C, Cavaco, S, Damásio, J, Loureiro, R, Magalhães, M, Andrade, C, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, Mr, Lima, J, Massano, J, Meireles, J, Herrera, Cd, Garcia, Pm, Barrero, F, Morales, B, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, Alonso Frech, F, Perez, Mr, Fenollar, M, García, Rg, Quiroga, Pp, Rivera, Sv, Villanueva, C, Alegre, J, Bascuñana, M, Caldentey, Jg, Ventura, Mf, Ribas, Gg, Yébenes, Jg, López Sendón Moreno, Jl, García Ruíz, Pj, Martínez Descals, A, Artiga, Mj, Sánchez, V, Guerrero, R, Bárcenas, Ah, Noguera Perea, Mf, Fortuna, L, Martirio, M, Torres, A, Reinante, G, Moreau, Lv, Barbera, Ma, Guia, Db, Hernanz, Lc, Catena, Jl, Sebastián, Ar, Ferrer, Pq, Carruesco, Gt, Bas, J, Busquets, N, Calopa, M, Elorza, Md, Díez AjaLópez, C, Terol, Sd, Robert, Mf, Ruíz, Bg, Casado, Ag, Martínez, Ih, Viladrich, Cm, Càrdenas, Rp, Roca, E, Llesoy, Jr, Idiago, Jm, Vergara, Mr, García, S, Riballo, Av, González, Sg, Guisasola, Lm, Salvador, C, San Martín, E, González, M, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Arques, Pn, Torres Rodríguez, Mj, Vives, B, Gaston, I, Martinez Jaurrieta, Md, Manuel, J, Moreno, G, Peña, Jc, Avarvarei, Ld, Bastida, Am, Recio, Mf, Vergé, Lr, Carrillo, F, Cáceres, Mt, Mir, P, Suarez, Mj, Bosca, M, Burguera, Ja, Garcia, Ac, Brugada, Fc, Martínez, Lm, Val, Jl, Loutfi, G, Olofsson, C, Stattin, El, Westman, L, Wikström, B, Lhagen, Se, Paucar, M, Svenningsson, P, Reza Soltani, Tw, Höglund, A, Sandström, B, Høsterey Ugander, U, Fredlund, G, Constantinescu, R, Neleborn Lingefjärd, L, Tedr off, J, Esmaeilzadeh, M, Winnberg, E, Pålhagen, S, Svennigsson, P, Riza Soltani, Tw, Sundblom, J, Johansson, A, Wiklund, L, Ekwall, C, Göller, Ml, Petersén, A, Reimer, J, Widner, H, Stebler, Y, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Weber, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Downie, L, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Jack, R, Matheson, K, Akhtar, S, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, Souza, J, Wright, J, Hayward, B, Sieradzan, K, Barker, Ra, O'Keefe, D, Di Pietro, A, Fisher, K, Hill, S, Mason, S, Swain, R, Valle, N, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Butcher, C, Clenaghan, C, Dunnett, S, Handley, O, Hunt, S, Hughes, A, Johnstone, C, Jones, L, Jones, U, Khalil, H, Owen, M, Price, K, Rose, Le, Rosser, A, Porteous, M, Edwards, M, Ho, C, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Miller, J, Ritchie, S, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Harding, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Rowett, L, Gallantrae, D, Longthorpe, M, Markova, I, Raman, A, Hamer, S, Wild, S, Yarduiman, P, Chu, C, Kraus, A, Yardumian, P, Musgrave, H, Toscano, J, Jamieson, S, Hobson, E, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Middleton, J, Freire Patino, D, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Laing, H, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Santhouse, A, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Haider, S, Hensman, D, Lahiri, N, Lewis, M, Novak, M, Patel, A, Robertson, N, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Howard, L, Sollom, A, Snowden, J, Thompson, J, Jones, M, Murphy, H, Trender Gerhard, I, Rogers, D, Bek, J, Oughton, E, Johnson, L, Hare, M, Arran, N, Verstraelen, N, Partington Jones, L, Huson, S, Stopford, C, Westmoreland, L, Davidson, J, Morgan, K, Savage, L, Singh, B, Komati, S, Nemeth, Ah, Armstrong, R, Valentine, R, Siuda, G, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Burn, J, Coleman, C, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Gill, P, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Kazoka, M, O'Donovan, K, Taylor, C, Tidswell, K, and Quarrell, O.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, Psychopharmacology, Population, Poison control, psychology/statistics /&/ numerical data, Suicide, Attempted, Suicide prevention, Suicidal Ideation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, epidemiology, Europe, Psychiatry, education, Suicidal ideation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Proportional Hazards Models, Attempted, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, education.field_of_study, Psychological Tests, Suicide attempt, Psychopathology, Depression, Hazard ratio, Huntington's disease, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Europe, psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Suicide, Huntington Disease, epidemiology, Female, Heterozygote, Humans, Huntington Disease, Cohort studies, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate increased prevalences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide in Huntington's disease (HD) compared with the general population. This study investigates correlates and predictors of suicidal ideation in HD.METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 2106 HD mutation carriers, all participating in the REGISTRY study of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Of the 1937 participants without suicidal ideation at baseline, 945 had one or more follow-up measurements. Participants were assessed for suicidal ideation by the behavioural subscale of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Correlates of suicidal ideation were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and predictors were analyzed using Cox regression analysis.RESULTS: At baseline, 169 (8.0%) mutation carriers endorsed suicidal ideation. Disease duration (odds ratio [OR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9-1.0), anxiety (OR=2.14; 95%CI: 1.4-3.3), aggression (OR=2.41; 95%CI: 1.5-3.8), a previous suicide attempt (OR=3.95; 95%CI: 2.4-6.6), and a depressed mood (OR=13.71; 95%CI: 6.7-28.0) were independently correlated to suicidal ideation at baseline. The 4-year cumulative incidence of suicidal ideation was 9.9%. Longitudinally, the presence of a depressed mood (hazard ratio [HR]=2.05; 95%CI: 1.1-4.0) and use of benzodiazepines (HR=2.44; 95%CI: 1.2-5.0) at baseline were independent predictors of incident suicidal ideation, whereas a previous suicide attempt was not predictive.LIMITATIONS: As suicidal ideation was assessed by only one item, and participants were a selection of all HD mutation carriers, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was likely underestimated.CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation in HD frequently occurs. Assessment of suicidal ideation is a priority in mutation carriers with a depressed mood and in those using benzodiazepines.
Published: 2013
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11. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Author: Moss, Davina J Hensman, Tabrizi, Sarah J, Mead, Simon, Lo, Kitty, Pardiñas, Antonio F, Holmans, Peter, Jones, Lesley, Langbehn, Dougla, Coleman, A., Santos, R Dar, Decolongon, J., Sturrock, A., Bardinet, E., Ret, C Jauff, Justo, D., Lehericy, S., Marelli, C., Nigaud, K., Valabrègue, R., van den Bogaard, S. J. A., Dumas, E. M., van der Grond, J., T'Hart, E. P., Jurgens, C., Witjes-Ane, M. -N., Arran, N., Callaghan, J., Stopford, C., Frost, C., Jones, R., Hobbs, N., Lahiri, N., Ordidge, R., Owen, G., Pepple, T., Read, J., Say, M., Wild, E., Patel, A., Fox, N. C., Gibbard, C., Malone, I., Crawford, H., Whitehead, D., Keenan, S., Cash, D. M., Berna, C., Bechtel, N., Bohlen, S., Man, A Hoff, Kraus, P., Axelson, E., Wang, C., Acharya, T., Lee, S., Monaco, W., Campbell, C., Queller, S., Whitlock, K., Campbell, M., Frajman, E., Milchman, C., O'Regan, A., Labuschagne, I., Stout, J., Landwehrmeyer, B., Craufurd, D., Scahill, R., Hicks, S., Kennard, C., Johnson, H., Tobin, A., Rosas, H. D., Reilmann, R., Borowsky, B., Pourchot, C., Andrews, S. C., Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Biunno, Ida, Bonelli, Raphael, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, Dunnett, Stephen, Ferreira, Joaquim, Handley, Olivia, Heiberg, Arvid, Illmann, Torsten, Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard, Levey, Jamie, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria A., Nielsen, Jørgen, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Päivärinta, Markku, Roos, Raymund A. C., Sebastián, A Rojo, Tabrizi, Sarah, Vandenberghe, Wim, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Uhrova, Tereza, Wahlström, Jan, Zaremba, Jacek, Baake, Verena, Barth, Katrin, Garde, Monica Bascuñana, Betz, Sabrina, Bos, Reineke, Callaghan, Jenny, Come, Adrien, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ecker, Daniel, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Fullam, Ruth, Gilling, Mette, Gustafsson, Lena, Handley, Olivia J, Hvalstedt, Carina, Held, Christine, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurà, Matilde, Descals, Asunción Martínez, Martinez-Horta, Saül, Mestre, Tiago, Minster, Sara, Monza, Daniela, Mütze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Orth, Michael, Padieu, Hélène, Paterski, Laurent, Peppa, Nadia, Di Renzo, Martina, Rialland, Amandine, Røren, Niini, Šašinková, Pavla, Timewell, Erika, Townhill, Jenny, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, da Silva, Wildson Vieira, van Walsem, Marleen R, Whalstedt, Carina, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Wright, Abigail, Zielonka, Daniel, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Zinzi, Paola, Bonelli, Raphael M., Lilek, Sabine, Hecht, Karen, Herranhof, Brigitte, Holl, Anna, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Koppitz, Michael, Magnet, Marku, Müller, Nicole, Otti, Daniela, Painold, Annamaria, Reisinger, Karin, Scheibl, Monika, Schöggl, Helmut, Ullah, Jasmin, Braunwarth, Eva-Maria, Brugger, Florian, Buratti, Lisa, Hametner, Eva-Maria, Hepperger, Caroline, Holas, Christiane, Hotter, Anna, Hussl, Anna, Müller, Christoph, Poewe, Werner, Seppi, Klau, Sprenger, Fabienne, Wenning, Gregor, Boogaerts, Andrea, Calmeyn, Godelinde, Delvaux, Isabelle, Liessens, Dirk, Somers, Nele, Dupuit, Michel, Minet, Cécile, van Paemel, Dominique, Ribaï, Pascale, van Reijen, Dimphna, Klempír, Jirí, Majerová, Veronika, Roth, Jan, Stárková, Irena, Hjermind, Lena E., Jacobsen, Oda, Nielsen, Jørgen E., Larsen, Ida Unmack, Vinther-Jensen, Tua, Hiivola, Heli, Hyppönen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau, Dominique, Bost, Marie, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Barthélémy, Rekha, De Bruycker, Christelle, Carette, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie, Defebvre, Eric Decorte Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Destee, Alain, Dujardin, Kathy, Lemaire, Marie-Hélène, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhouse, Lucie, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Berrissoul, Hassan, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Godefroy, Olivier, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Mantaux, Béatrice, Roussel, Martine, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frédérique, Mundler, Laura, Anheim, Mathieu, Julié, Celine, Boukbiza, Ouhaid Lagha, Longato, Nadine, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Tranchant, Christine, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johanne, Schlangen, Christiane, Werner, Cornelius J., Gelderblom, Harald, Priller, Josef, Prüß, Harald, Spruth, Eike Jakob, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Kotz, Peter, Prehn, Christian, Saft, Carsten, Lange, Herwig, Maiwald, Robert, Löhle, Matthia, Maass, Antonia, Schmidt, Simone, Bosredon, Cecile, Storch, Alexander, Wolz, Annett, Wolz, Martin, Capetian, Philipp, Lambeck, Johann, Zucker, Birgit, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christo, Heinicke, Walburgi, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Münchau, Alexander, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lar, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Gorzolla, Heike, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Ribbat, Michael, Longinus, Bernhard, Bürk, Katrin, Möller, Jens Carsten, Rissling, Ida, Mühlau, Mark, Peinemann, Alexander, Städtler, Michael, Weindl, Adolf, Winkelmann, Juliane, Ziegler, Cornelia, Bechtel, Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Hölzner, Eva, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Natalia, Dose, Matthia, Leythäuser, Gabriele, Marquard, Ralf, Raab, Tina, Wiedemann, Alexandra, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Geitner, Carolin, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lang, Christina, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Süßmuth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Weydt, Patrick, Cormio, Claudia, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, de Tommaso, Marina, Capellari, Sabina, Cortelli, Pietro, Galassi, Roberto, Rizzo, Giovanni, Poda, Roberto, Scaglione, Cesa, Bertini, Elisabetta, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Massaro, Francesca, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Romoli, Anna Maria, Sorbi, Sandro, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, di Poggio, Monica Bandettini, Ferrandes, Giovanna, Mandich, Paola, Marchese, Roberta, Albanese, Alberto, Di Bella, 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E., Verhoeven, Marloes E., van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., de Weert, A. Marit, Bolwijn, J. J. W., Dekker, M., Kremer, B., Leenders, K. L., van Oostrom, J. C. H., van den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Dumas, Eve M., ’t Hart, Ellen P., Kremer, Berry, Verstappen, C. C. P., Aaserud, Olaf, Jan Frich, C., Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjørgo, Kathrine, Fannemel, Madeleine, Gørvell, Per F., Lorentzen, Eirin, Retterstøl, Lar, Stokke, Bodil, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Blaszcyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Opala, Gregorz, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Bocwinska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Malgorzata, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Rudzinska, Monika, Szczygiel, Elzbieta, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Wasielewska, Anna, Wójcik, Magdalena, Bryl, Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempolowicz, Justyna, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, 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López-Sendón, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Ruíz, Pedro J García, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Guerrero, Rosa, Artiga, María José Saiz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Perea, María Fuensanta Noguera, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Reinante, Gema, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, Moreau, Laura Vivanco, González González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Salvador, Carlo, Martín, Esther Suaréz San, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Gorospe, Aranzazú, Lopera, Mónica Rodriguez, Arques, Penelope Nava, Rodríguez, María José Torre, Pastor, Barbara Vive, Gaston, Itziar, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolore, Moreno, Jose Manuel Garcia, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Damas, Fatima, Cortegana, Hermoso Eva Pacheco, Peña, José Chacón, Redondo, Lui, Carrillo, Fátima, Teresa Cáceres, María, Mir, Pablo, Suarez, María José Lama, Vargas-González, Laura, Bosca, Maria E., Brugada, Francisco Castera, Burguera, Juan Andre, Campos, Anabel, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen Peiró, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, 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Hanan, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Rosser, Anne, Edwards, Maureen, Ho, Carrie, Hughes, Teresa, Mcgill, Marie, Pearson, Pauline, Porteous, Mary, Smith, Paul, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, Mckenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Burrows, Liz, Chu, Carol, Fletcher, Amy, Gallantrae, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Harding, Alison, Klöppel, Stefan, Kraus, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Lewis, Monica, Longthorpe, Mandy, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Robertson, Nicola, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Evans, Carole, Gallentrae, Deena, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Musgrave, Hannah, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Bourne, Colin, Clapton, Jackie, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Grant, Janet, Gross, Diana, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Murch, Ann, Thompson, Catherine, Alusi, Sundu, Davies, Rhy, Foy, Kevin, Gerrans, Emily, Pate, Louise, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, 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Audrey, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Barthélémy, Rekha, De Bruycker, Christelle, Carette, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie, Defebvre, Eric Decorte Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Destee, Alain, Dujardin, Kathy, Lemaire, Marie-Hélène, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhouse, Lucie, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Berrissoul, Hassan, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Godefroy, Olivier, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Mantaux, Béatrice, Roussel, Martine, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frédérique, Mundler, Laura, Anheim, Mathieu, Julié, Celine, Boukbiza, Ouhaid Lagha, Longato, Nadine, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Tranchant, Christine, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johanne, Schlangen, Christiane, Werner, Cornelius J., Gelderblom, Harald, Priller, Josef, Prüß, Harald, Spruth, Eike Jakob, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Kotz, Peter, Prehn, Christian, Saft, Carsten, Lange, Herwig, Maiwald, Robert, Löhle, Matthia, Maass, Antonia, Schmidt, Simone, Bosredon, Cecile, Storch, Alexander, Wolz, Annett, Wolz, Martin, Capetian, Philipp, Lambeck, Johann, Zucker, Birgit, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christo, Heinicke, Walburgi, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Münchau, Alexander, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lar, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Gorzolla, Heike, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Ribbat, Michael, Longinus, Bernhard, Bürk, Katrin, Möller, Jens Carsten, Rissling, Ida, Mühlau, Mark, Peinemann, Alexander, Städtler, Michael, Weindl, Adolf, Winkelmann, Juliane, 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E., Verhoeven, Marloes E., van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., de Weert, A. Marit, Bolwijn, J. J. W., Dekker, M., Kremer, B., Leenders, K. L., van Oostrom, J. C. H., van den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Dumas, Eve M., ’t Hart, Ellen P., Kremer, Berry, Verstappen, C. C. P., Aaserud, Olaf, Jan Frich, C., Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjørgo, Kathrine, Fannemel, Madeleine, Gørvell, Per F., Lorentzen, Eirin, Retterstøl, Lar, Stokke, Bodil, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Blaszcyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Opala, Gregorz, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Bocwinska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Malgorzata, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Rudzinska, Monika, Szczygiel, Elzbieta, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Wasielewska, Anna, Wójcik, Magdalena, Bryl, Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempolowicz, Justyna, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, 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López-Sendón, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Ruíz, Pedro J García, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Guerrero, Rosa, Artiga, María José Saiz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Perea, María Fuensanta Noguera, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Reinante, Gema, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, Moreau, Laura Vivanco, González González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Salvador, Carlo, Martín, Esther Suaréz San, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Gorospe, Aranzazú, Lopera, Mónica Rodriguez, Arques, Penelope Nava, Rodríguez, María José Torre, Pastor, Barbara Vive, Gaston, Itziar, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolore, Moreno, Jose Manuel Garcia, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Damas, Fatima, Cortegana, Hermoso Eva Pacheco, Peña, José Chacón, Redondo, Lui, Carrillo, Fátima, Teresa Cáceres, María, Mir, Pablo, Suarez, María José Lama, Vargas-González, Laura, Bosca, Maria E., Brugada, Francisco Castera, Burguera, Juan Andre, Campos, Anabel, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen Peiró, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, Radu, Fredlund, Gunnel, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Linnsand, Petra, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Wentzel, Magnu, Loutfi, Ghada, Olofsson, Carina, Stattin, Eva-Lena, Westman, Laila, Wikström, Birgitta, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schüpbach, Michael, Weber Zaugg, Sabine, Hauer, Maria, Gonzenbach, Roman, Jung, Hans H., Mihaylova, Violeta, Petersen, Jen, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, Simpson, Sheila A, Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughan, Vivien, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, de Souza, Jenny, Piedad, John, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Gethin, Louise, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Armstrong, Matthew, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, Di Pietro, Anna, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Kershaw, Ann, Mason, Sarah, Paterson, Nicole, Raymond, Lucy, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Clenaghan, Catherine, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Rosser, Anne, Edwards, Maureen, Ho, Carrie, Hughes, Teresa, Mcgill, Marie, Pearson, Pauline, Porteous, Mary, Smith, Paul, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, Mckenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Burrows, Liz, Chu, Carol, Fletcher, Amy, Gallantrae, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Harding, Alison, Klöppel, Stefan, Kraus, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Lewis, Monica, Longthorpe, Mandy, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Robertson, Nicola, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Evans, Carole, Gallentrae, Deena, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Musgrave, Hannah, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Bourne, Colin, Clapton, Jackie, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Grant, Janet, Gross, Diana, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Murch, Ann, Thompson, Catherine, Alusi, Sundu, Davies, Rhy, Foy, Kevin, Gerrans, Emily, Pate, Louise, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, Hana, Lashwood, Alison, Robertson, Dene, Ruddy, Deborah, Santhouse, Alastair, Whaite, Anna, Bruno, Stefania, Doherty, Karen, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lahiri, Nayana, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Rosser, Elisabeth, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thoma, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iri, Verstraelen, Nichola, Westmoreland, Leann, Armstrong, Richard, Dixon, Kathryn, Nemeth, Andrea H, Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, Harrison, David, Hughes, Max, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Gill, Paul, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Quarrell, Oliver, Lau, Puay Ngoh, Pica, Emmanul, Tan, Louis, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita (ORCID:0000-0002-9663-095X), and Albanese, Alberto (ORCID:0000-0002-5864-0006)
Abstract: Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008â11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003â13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0Â·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0Â·315; REGISTRY, r=0Â·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1Â·12 Ã 10â10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2Â·94 Ã 10â8DHFR p=8Â·37 Ã 10â7MTRNR2L2 p=2Â·15 Ã 10â9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9Â·36 Ã 10â4DHFR p=8Â·45 Ã 10â4MTRNR2L2 p=1Â·20 Ã 10â3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs55787
Published: 2017

12. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Author: Moss, Davina J Hensman, primary, Pardiñas, Antonio F, additional, Langbehn, Douglas, additional, Lo, Kitty, additional, Leavitt, Blair R, additional, Roos, Raymund, additional, Durr, Alexandra, additional, Mead, Simon, additional, Holmans, Peter, additional, Jones, Lesley, additional, Tabrizi, Sarah J, additional, Coleman, A, additional, Santos, R Dar, additional, Decolongon, J, additional, Sturrock, A, additional, Bardinet, E, additional, Ret, C Jauff, additional, Justo, D, additional, Lehericy, S, additional, Marelli, C, additional, Nigaud, K, additional, Valabrègue, R, additional, van den Bogaard, SJA, additional, Dumas, E M, additional, van der Grond, J, additional, t'Hart, EP, additional, Jurgens, C, additional, Witjes-Ane, M-N, additional, Arran, N, additional, Callaghan, J, additional, Stopford, C, additional, Frost, C, additional, Jones, R, additional, Hobbs, N, additional, Lahiri, N, additional, Ordidge, R, additional, Owen, G, additional, Pepple, T, additional, Read, J, additional, Say, M, additional, Wild, E, additional, Patel, A, additional, Fox, N C, additional, Gibbard, C, additional, Malone, I, additional, Crawford, H, additional, Whitehead, D, additional, Keenan, S, additional, Cash, D M, additional, Berna, C, additional, Bechtel, N, additional, Bohlen, S, additional, Man, A Hoff, additional, Kraus, P, additional, Axelson, E, additional, Wang, C, additional, Acharya, T, additional, Lee, S, additional, Monaco, W, additional, Campbell, C, additional, Queller, S, additional, Whitlock, K, additional, Campbell, M, additional, Frajman, E, additional, Milchman, C, additional, O'Regan, A, additional, Labuschagne, I, additional, Stout, J, additional, Landwehrmeyer, B, additional, Craufurd, D, additional, Scahill, R, additional, Hicks, S, additional, Kennard, C, additional, Johnson, H, additional, Tobin, A, additional, Rosas, HD, additional, Reilmann, R, additional, Borowsky, B, additional, Pourchot, C, additional, Andrews, S C, additional, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, additional, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, additional, Biunno, Ida, additional, Bonelli, Raphael, additional, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, additional, Dunnett, Stephen, additional, Ferreira, Joaquim, additional, Handley, Olivia, additional, Heiberg, Arvid, additional, Illmann, Torsten, additional, Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard, additional, Levey, Jamie, additional, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria A., additional, Nielsen, Jørgen, additional, Koivisto, Susana Pro, additional, Päivärinta, Markku, additional, Roos, Raymund A.C., additional, Sebastián, A Rojo, additional, Tabrizi, Sarah, additional, Vandenberghe, Wim, additional, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, additional, Uhrova, Tereza, additional, Wahlström, Jan, additional, Zaremba, Jacek, additional, Baake, Verena, additional, Barth, Katrin, additional, Garde, Monica Bascuñana, additional, Betz, Sabrina, additional, Bos, Reineke, additional, Callaghan, Jenny, additional, Come, Adrien, additional, Guedes, Leonor Correia, additional, Ecker, Daniel, additional, Finisterra, Ana Maria, additional, Fullam, Ruth, additional, Gilling, Mette, additional, Gustafsson, Lena, additional, Handley, Olivia J, additional, Hvalstedt, Carina, additional, Held, Christine, additional, Koppers, Kerstin, additional, Lamanna, Claudia, additional, Laurà, Matilde, additional, Descals, Asunción Martínez, additional, Martinez-Horta, Saül, additional, Mestre, Tiago, additional, Minster, Sara, additional, Monza, Daniela, additional, Mütze, Lisanne, additional, Oehmen, Martin, additional, Orth, Michael, additional, Padieu, Hélène, additional, Paterski, Laurent, additional, Peppa, Nadia, additional, Di Renzo, Martina, additional, Rialland, Amandine, additional, Røren, Niini, additional, Šašinková, Pavla, additional, Timewell, Erika, additional, Townhill, Jenny, additional, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, additional, da Silva, Wildson Vieira, additional, van Walsem, Marleen R, additional, Whalstedt, Carina, additional, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, additional, Witkowski, Grzegorz, additional, Wright, Abigail, additional, Zielonka, Daniel, additional, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, additional, Zinzi, Paola, additional, Bonelli, Raphael M., additional, Lilek, Sabine, additional, Hecht, Karen, additional, Herranhof, Brigitte, additional, Holl, Anna, additional, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, additional, Koppitz, Michael, additional, Magnet, Markus, additional, Müller, Nicole, additional, Otti, Daniela, additional, Painold, Annamaria, additional, Reisinger, Karin, additional, Scheibl, Monika, additional, Schöggl, Helmut, additional, Ullah, Jasmin, additional, Braunwarth, Eva-Maria, additional, Brugger, Florian, additional, Buratti, Lisa, additional, Hametner, Eva-Maria, additional, Hepperger, Caroline, additional, Holas, Christiane, additional, Hotter, Anna, additional, Hussl, Anna, additional, Müller, Christoph, additional, Poewe, Werner, additional, Seppi, Klaus, additional, Sprenger, Fabienne, additional, Wenning, Gregor, additional, Boogaerts, Andrea, additional, Calmeyn, Godelinde, additional, Delvaux, Isabelle, additional, Liessens, Dirk, additional, Somers, Nele, additional, Dupuit, Michel, additional, Minet, Cécile, additional, van Paemel, Dominique, additional, Ribaï, Pascale, additional, van Reijen, Dimphna, additional, Klempír, Jirí, additional, Majerová, Veronika, additional, Roth, Jan, additional, Stárková, Irena, additional, Hjermind, Lena E., additional, Jacobsen, Oda, additional, Nielsen, Jørgen E., additional, Larsen, Ida Unmack, additional, Vinther-Jensen, Tua, additional, Hiivola, Heli, additional, Hyppönen, Hannele, additional, Martikainen, Kirsti, additional, Tuuha, Katri, additional, Allain, Philippe, additional, Bonneau, Dominique, additional, Bost, Marie, additional, Gohier, Bénédicte, additional, Guérid, Marie-Anne, additional, Olivier, Audrey, additional, Prundean, Adriana, additional, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, additional, Verny, Christophe, additional, Babiloni, Blandine, additional, Debruxelles, Sabrina, additional, Duché, Charlotte, additional, Goizet, Cyril, additional, Jameau, Laetitia, additional, Lafoucrière, Danielle, additional, Spampinato, Umberto, additional, Barthélémy, Rekha, additional, De Bruycker, Christelle, additional, Carette, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie, additional, Defebvre, Eric Decorte Luc, additional, Delliaux, Marie, additional, Delval, Arnaud, additional, Destee, Alain, additional, Dujardin, Kathy, additional, Lemaire, Marie-Hélène, additional, Manouvrier, Sylvie, additional, Peter, Mireille, additional, Plomhouse, Lucie, additional, Sablonnière, Bernard, additional, Simonin, Clémence, additional, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, additional, Vuillaume, Isabelle, additional, Bellonet, Marcellin, additional, Berrissoul, Hassan, additional, Blin, Stéphanie, additional, Courtin, Françoise, additional, Duru, Cécile, additional, Fasquel, Véronique, additional, Godefroy, Olivier, additional, Krystkowiak, Pierre, additional, Mantaux, Béatrice, additional, Roussel, Martine, additional, Wannepain, Sandrine, additional, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, additional, Delfini, Marie, additional, Eusebio, Alexandre, additional, Fluchere, Frédérique, additional, Mundler, Laura, additional, Anheim, Mathieu, additional, Julié, Celine, additional, Boukbiza, Ouhaid Lagha, additional, Longato, Nadine, additional, Rudolf, Gabrielle, additional, Tranchant, Christine, additional, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, additional, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, additional, Milkereit, Eva, additional, Probst, Daniela, additional, Reetz, Kathrin, additional, Sass, Christian, additional, Schiefer, Johannes, additional, Schlangen, Christiane, additional, Werner, Cornelius J., additional, Gelderblom, Harald, additional, Priller, Josef, additional, Prüß, Harald, additional, Spruth, Eike Jakob, additional, Ellrichmann, Gisa, additional, Herrmann, Lennard, additional, Hoffmann, Rainer, additional, Kaminski, Barbara, additional, Kotz, Peter, additional, Prehn, Christian, additional, Saft, Carsten, additional, Lange, Herwig, additional, Maiwald, Robert, additional, Löhle, Matthias, additional, Maass, Antonia, additional, Schmidt, Simone, additional, Bosredon, Cecile, additional, Storch, Alexander, additional, Wolz, Annett, additional, Wolz, Martin, additional, Capetian, Philipp, additional, Lambeck, Johann, additional, Zucker, Birgit, additional, Boelmans, Kai, additional, Ganos, Christos, additional, Heinicke, Walburgis, additional, Hidding, Ute, additional, Lewerenz, Jan, additional, Münchau, Alexander, additional, Schmalfeld, Jenny, additional, Stubbe, Lars, additional, Zittel, Simone, additional, Diercks, Gabriele, additional, Dressler, Dirk, additional, Gorzolla, Heike, additional, Schrader, Christoph, additional, Tacik, Pawel, additional, Ribbat, Michael, additional, Longinus, Bernhard, additional, Bürk, Katrin, additional, Möller, Jens Carsten, additional, Rissling, Ida, additional, Mühlau, Mark, additional, Peinemann, Alexander, additional, Städtler, Michael, additional, Weindl, Adolf, additional, Winkelmann, Juliane, additional, Ziegler, Cornelia, additional, Bechtel, Natalie, additional, Beckmann, Heike, additional, Bohlen, Stefan, additional, Hölzner, Eva, additional, Reilmann, Ralf, additional, Rohm, Stefanie, additional, Rumpf, Silke, additional, Schepers, Sigrun, additional, Weber, Natalia, additional, Dose, Matthias, additional, Leythäuser, Gabriele, additional, Marquard, Ralf, additional, Raab, Tina, additional, Wiedemann, Alexandra, additional, Buck, Andrea, additional, Connemann, Julia, additional, Geitner, Carolin, additional, Kesse, Andrea, additional, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, additional, Lang, Christina, additional, Lezius, Franziska, additional, Nepper, Solveig, additional, Niess, Anke, additional, Schneider, Ariane, additional, Schwenk, Daniela, additional, Süßmuth, Sigurd, additional, Trautmann, Sonja, additional, Weydt, Patrick, additional, Cormio, Claudia, additional, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, additional, Serpino, Claudia, additional, de Tommaso, Marina, additional, Capellari, Sabina, additional, Cortelli, Pietro, additional, Galassi, Roberto, additional, Rizzo, Giovanni, additional, Poda, Roberto, additional, Scaglione, Cesa, additional, Bertini, Elisabetta, additional, Ghelli, Elena, additional, Ginestroni, Andrea, additional, Massaro, Francesca, additional, Mechi, Claudia, additional, Paganini, Marco, additional, Piacentini, Silvia, additional, Pradella, Silvia, additional, Romoli, Anna Maria, additional, Sorbi, Sandro, additional, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, additional, di Poggio, Monica Bandettini, additional, Ferrandes, Giovanna, additional, Mandich, Paola, additional, Marchese, Roberta, additional, Albanese, Alberto, additional, Di Bella, Daniela, additional, Castaldo, Anna, additional, Di Donato, Stefano, additional, Gellera, Cinzia, additional, Genitrini, Silvia, additional, Mariotti, Caterina, additional, Nanetti, Lorenzo, additional, Paridi, Dominga, additional, Soliveri, Paola, additional, Tomasello, Chiara, additional, De Michele, Giuseppe, additional, Di Maio, Luigi, additional, Massarelli, Marco, additional, Peluso, Silvio, additional, Roca, Alessandro, additional, Russo, Cinzia Valeria, additional, Salvatore, Elena, additional, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, additional, Amico, Enrico, additional, Favellato, Mariagrazia, additional, Griguoli, Annamaria, additional, Mazzante, Irene, additional, Petrollini, Martina, additional, Squitieri, Ferdinando, additional, D'Alessio, Barbara, additional, Esposito, Chiara, additional, Bentivoglio, Rita, additional, Frontali, Marina, additional, Guidubaldi, Arianna, additional, Ialongo, Tamara, additional, Jacopini, Gioia, additional, Piano, Carla, additional, Romano, Silvia, additional, Soleti, Francesco, additional, Spadaro, Maria, additional, van Hout, Monique S.E., additional, Verhoeven, Marloes E., additional, van Vugt, Jeroen P.P., additional, de Weert, A. Marit, additional, Bolwijn, J.J.W., additional, Dekker, M., additional, Kremer, B., additional, Leenders, K.L., additional, van Oostrom, J.C.H., additional, van den Bogaard, Simon J.A., additional, Dumas, Eve M., additional, 't Hart, Ellen P., additional, Kremer, Berry, additional, Verstappen, C.C.P., additional, Aaserud, Olaf, additional, C, Jan Frich, additional, Wehus, Ragnhild, additional, Bjørgo, Kathrine, additional, Fannemel, Madeleine, additional, Gørvell, Per F., additional, Lorentzen, Eirin, additional, Retterstøl, Lars, additional, Stokke, Bodil, additional, Bjørnevoll, Inga, additional, Sando, Sigrid Botne, additional, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, additional, Nowak, Malgorzata, additional, Robowski, Piotr, additional, Sitek, Emilia, additional, Slawek, Jaroslaw, additional, Soltan, Witold, additional, Szinwelski, Michal, additional, Blaszcyk, Magdalena, additional, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, additional, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, additional, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, additional, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, additional, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, additional, Opala, Gregorz, additional, Stompel, Daniel, additional, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, additional, Bocwinska, Dorota, additional, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, additional, Dec, Malgorzata, additional, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, additional, Rudzinska, Monika, additional, Szczygiel, Elzbieta, additional, Szczudlik, Andrzej, additional, Wasielewska, Anna, additional, Wójcik, Magdalena, additional, Bryl, Anna, additional, Ciesielska, Anna, additional, Klimberg, Aneta, additional, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, additional, Samara, Husam, additional, Sempolowicz, Justyna, additional, Gogol, Anna, additional, Janik, Piotr, additional, Kwiecinski, Hubert, additional, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, additional, Antczak, Jakub, additional, Jachinska, Katarzyna, additional, Krysa, Wioletta, additional, Rakowicz, Maryla, additional, Richter, Przemyslaw, additional, Rola, Rafal, additional, Ryglewicz, Danuta, additional, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, additional, Stepniak, Iwona, additional, Sulek, Anna, additional, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, additional, Zieora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, additional, Ferreira, Joaquim J, additional, Coelho, Miguel, additional, Mendes, Tiago, additional, Valadas, Anabela, additional, Andrade, Carlos, additional, Gago, Miguel, additional, Garrett, Carolina, additional, Guerra, Maria Rosália, additional, Herrera, Carmen Durán, additional, Garcia, Patrocinio Moreno, additional, Barbera, Miquel Aguilar, additional, Guia, Dolors Badenes, additional, Hernanz, Laura Casas, additional, Catena, Judit López, additional, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, additional, Sebastián, Ana Rojo, additional, Carruesco, Gemma Tome, additional, Bas, Jordi, additional, Busquets, Núria, additional, Calopa, Matilde, additional, Robert, Misericordia Floriach, additional, Viladrich, Celia Mareca, additional, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, additional, Riballo, Antonio Villa, additional, Cubo, Esther, additional, Polo, Cecilia Gil, additional, Mariscal, Natividad, additional, Rivadeneyra, Perez Jessica, additional, Barrero, Francisco, additional, Morales, Blas, additional, Fenollar, María, additional, García, Rocío García-Ramos, additional, Ortega, Paloma, additional, Villanueva, Clara, additional, Alegre, Javier, additional, Bascuñana, Mónica, additional, Caldentey, Juan Garcia, additional, Ventura, Marta Fatás, additional, Ribas, Guillermo García, additional, de Yébenes, Justo García, additional, Moreno, José Luis López-Sendón, additional, Frech, Fernando Alonso, additional, Ruíz, Pedro J García, additional, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, additional, Guerrero, Rosa, additional, Artiga, María José Saiz, additional, Sánchez, Vicenta, additional, Perea, María Fuensanta Noguera, additional, Fortuna, Lorenza, additional, Manzanares, Salvadora, additional, Reinante, Gema, additional, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, additional, Moreau, Laura Vivancos, additional, González González, Sonia, additional, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, additional, Salvador, Carlos, additional, Martín, Esther Suaréz San, additional, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, additional, Gorospe, Aranzazú, additional, Lopera, Mónica Rodriguez, additional, Arques, Penelope Navas, additional, Rodríguez, María José Torres, additional, Pastor, Barbara Vives, additional, Gaston, Itziar, additional, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolores, additional, Moreno, Jose Manuel Garcia, additional, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, additional, Damas, Fatima, additional, Cortegana, Hermoso Eva Pacheco, additional, Peña, José Chacón, additional, Redondo, Luis, additional, Carrillo, Fátima, additional, Teresa Cáceres, María, additional, Mir, Pablo, additional, Suarez, María José Lama, additional, Vargas-González, Laura, additional, Bosca, Maria E., additional, Brugada, Francisco Castera, additional, Burguera, Juan Andres, additional, Campos, Anabel, additional, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen Peiró, additional, Berglund, Peter, additional, Constantinescu, Radu, additional, Fredlund, Gunnel, additional, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, additional, Linnsand, Petra, additional, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, additional, Wentzel, Magnus, additional, Loutfi, Ghada, additional, Olofsson, Carina, additional, Stattin, Eva-Lena, additional, Westman, Laila, additional, Wikström, Birgitta, additional, Stebler, Yanik, additional, Kaelin, Alain, additional, Romero, Irene, additional, Schüpbach, Michael, additional, Weber Zaugg, Sabine, additional, Hauer, Maria, additional, Gonzenbach, Roman, additional, Jung, Hans H., additional, Mihaylova, Violeta, additional, Petersen, Jens, additional, Jack, Roisin, additional, Matheson, Kirsty, additional, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, additional, Rae, Daniela, additional, Simpson, Sheila A, additional, Summers, Fiona, additional, Ure, Alexandra, additional, Vaughan, Vivien, additional, Akhtar, Shahbana, additional, Crooks, Jenny, additional, Curtis, Adrienne, additional, de Souza, Jenny, additional, Piedad, John, additional, Rickards, Hugh, additional, Wright, Jan, additional, Coulthard, Elizabeth, additional, Gethin, Louise, additional, Hayward, Beverley, additional, Sieradzan, Kasia, additional, Armstrong, Matthew, additional, Barker, Roger A., additional, O'Keefe, Deidre, additional, Di Pietro, Anna, additional, Fisher, Kate, additional, Goodman, Anna, additional, Hill, Susan, additional, Kershaw, Ann, additional, Mason, Sarah, additional, Paterson, Nicole, additional, Raymond, Lucy, additional, Swain, Rachel, additional, Guzman, Natalie Valle, additional, Busse, Monica, additional, Butcher, Cynthia, additional, Clenaghan, Catherine, additional, Hunt, Sarah, additional, Jones, Una, additional, Khalil, Hanan, additional, Owen, Michael, additional, Price, Kathleen, additional, Rosser, Anne, additional, Edwards, Maureen, additional, Ho, Carrie, additional, Hughes, Teresa, additional, McGill, Marie, additional, Pearson, Pauline, additional, Porteous, Mary, additional, Smith, Paul, additional, Brockie, Peter, additional, Foster, Jillian, additional, Johns, Nicola, additional, McKenzie, Sue, additional, Rothery, Jean, additional, Thomas, Gareth, additional, Yates, Shona, additional, Burrows, Liz, additional, Chu, Carol, additional, Fletcher, Amy, additional, Gallantrae, Deena, additional, Hamer, Stephanie, additional, Harding, Alison, additional, Klöppel, Stefan, additional, Kraus, Alison, additional, Laver, Fiona, additional, Lewis, Monica, additional, Longthorpe, Mandy, additional, Markova, Ivana, additional, Raman, Ashok, additional, Robertson, Nicola, additional, Silva, Mark, additional, Thomson, Aileen, additional, Wild, Sue, additional, Yardumian, Pam, additional, Evans, Carole, additional, Gallentrae, Deena, additional, Hobson, Emma, additional, Jamieson, Stuart, additional, Musgrave, Hannah, additional, Rowett, Liz, additional, Toscano, Jean, additional, Bourne, Colin, additional, Clapton, Jackie, additional, Clayton, Carole, additional, Dipple, Heather, additional, Freire-Patino, Dawn, additional, Grant, Janet, additional, Gross, Diana, additional, Hallam, Caroline, additional, Middleton, Julia, additional, Murch, Ann, additional, Thompson, Catherine, additional, Alusi, Sundus, additional, Davies, Rhys, additional, Foy, Kevin, additional, Gerrans, Emily, additional, Pate, Louise, additional, Andrews, Thomasin, additional, Dougherty, Andrew, additional, Golding, Charlotte, additional, Kavalier, Fred, additional, Laing, Hana, additional, Lashwood, Alison, additional, Robertson, Dene, additional, Ruddy, Deborah, additional, Santhouse, Alastair, additional, Whaite, Anna, additional, Bruno, Stefania, additional, Doherty, Karen, additional, Haider, Salman, additional, Hensman, Davina, additional, Lahiri, Nayana, additional, Novak, Marianne, additional, Patel, Aakta, additional, Rosser, Elisabeth, additional, Taylor, Rachel, additional, Warner, Thomas, additional, Wild, Edward, additional, Arran, Natalie, additional, Bek, Judith, additional, Craufurd, David, additional, Hare, Marianne, additional, Howard, Liz, additional, Huson, Susan, additional, Johnson, Liz, additional, Jones, Mary, additional, Murphy, Helen, additional, Oughton, Emma, additional, Partington-Jones, Lucy, additional, Rogers, Dawn, additional, Sollom, Andrea, additional, Snowden, Julie, additional, Stopford, Cheryl, additional, Thompson, Jennifer, additional, Trender-Gerhard, Iris, additional, Verstraelen, Nichola, additional, Westmoreland, Leann, additional, Armstrong, Richard, additional, Dixon, Kathryn, additional, Nemeth, Andrea H, additional, Siuda, Gill, additional, Valentine, Ruth, additional, Harrison, David, additional, Hughes, Max, additional, Parkinson, Andrew, additional, Soltysiak, Beverley, additional, Bandmann, Oliver, additional, Bradbury, Alyson, additional, Gill, Paul, additional, Fairtlough, Helen, additional, Fillingham, Kay, additional, Foustanos, Isabella, additional, Kazoka, Mbombe, additional, O'Donovan, Kirsty, additional, Taylor, Cat, additional, Tidswell, Katherine, additional, Quarrell, Oliver, additional, Lau, Puay Ngoh, additional, Pica, Emmanul, additional, and Tan, Louis, additional
Published: 2017
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13. The V471A polymorphism in autophagy-related gene ATG7 modifies age at onset specifically in Italian Huntington disease patients

Author: Metzger S, Walter C, Riess O, Roos RA, Nielsen JE, Craufurd D, Nguyen HP, REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington’s Disease Network:Bachoud Lévi AC, Bentivoglio AR, Biunno I, Bonelli RM, Burgunder JM, Dunnett SB, Ferreira JJ, Handley OJ, Heiberg A, Illmann T, Landwehrmeyer G, Levey J, Ramos Arroyo MA, Nielsen J, Koivisto SP, Päivärinta M, Sebastián AR, Tabrizi S, Vandenberghe W, Verellen Dumoulin C, Zaremba J, Uhrová T, Wahlström J, Barth K, Correia Guedes L, Finisterra AM, Garde MB, Bos R, Betz S, Callaghan J, Fullam R, Ecker D, Nielsen MG, Hvalstedt C, Held C, Koppers K, Laurà M, Horta SM, Descals AM, Díaz MF, Mestre T, Minster S, Monza D, Mütze L, Oehmen M, Townhill J, Orth M, Padieu H, Paterski L, Peppa N, Roedig V, Rialland A, Røren N, Šašinková P, Seliverstov Y, Cubillo PT, van Walsem MR, Wright A, Silva WV, Witjes Anné MN, Yudina E, Zielonka D, Zielonka E, Zinzi P, Herranhof B, Holl A, Kapfhammer HP, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinger K, Scheibl M, Hecht K, Lilek S, Müller N, Schöggl H, Ullah J, Ribaï P, Boogaerts A, van Reijen D, Klempíř J, Majerová V, Roth J, Hjermind L, Jacobsen O, Vinthev Jensen T, Larsen IU, Stockholm J, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Ignatius J, Kärppä M, Åman J, Mustonen A, Kajula O, Santala M, Allain P, Guérid MA, Gohier B, Olivier A, Prundean A, Scherer Gagou C, Verny C, Bost M, Babiloni B, Debruxelles S, Duché C, Goizet C, Lafoucrière D, Jameau L, Spampinato U, De Bruycker C, Cabaret M, Carette AS, Defebvre L, Decorte E, Delval A, Delliaux M, Destee A, Dujardin K, Peter M, Plomhouse L, Sablonnière B, Simonin C, Lemaire MH, Manouvrier S, Thibault Tanchou S, Vuillaume I, Krystkowiak P, Duru C, Roussel M, Wannepain S, Berrissoul H, Bellonet M, Courtin F, Mantaux B, Fasquel V, Godefroy O, Azulay JP, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Eusebio A, Mundler L, Longato N, Rudolf G, Steinmetz G, Tranchant C, Wagner C, Zimmermann MA, Marcel C, Andrich J, Ellrichmann G, Hoffmann R, Kaminski B, Saft C, Stamm C, Boelmans K, Ganos C, Goerendt I, Hidding U, Lewerenz J, Münchau A, Schmalfeld J, Stubbe L, Zittel S, Bürk K, Möller JC, Rissling I, Cormio C, Sciruicchio V, Serpino C, de Tommaso M, CAPELLARI, SABINA, CORTELLI, PIETRO, Gallassi R, PODA, ROBERTO, RIZZO, GIOVANNI, Scaglione C, Abbruzzese G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria E, Ferrandes G, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Bella D, Di Donato S, Gellera C, Genitrini S, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Paridi D, Soliveri P, Tomasello C, Squitieri F, Elifani F, Maglione V, Di Pardo A, Alberti S, Griguoli A, Amico E, Martino T, Petrollini M, Catalli C, Di Giacopo R, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Chiara P, Quaranta D, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, de Weert A, Bolwijn JJ, Dekker M, Leenders KL, Dumas EM, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, van Duijn E, Kremer B, Verstappen CC, Blinkenberg EØ, Hauge E, Tyvoll H, Frich J, Aaserud O, Wehus R, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Gørvell P, Lorentzen E, Retterstøl L, Overland T, Stokke B, Bjørnevoll I, Sando SB, Dziadkiewicz A, Nowak M, Robowski P, Sitek E, Slawek J, Soltan W, Szinwelski M, Blaszcyk M, Boczarska Jedynak M, Ciach Wysocka E, Gorzkowska A, Jasinska Myga B, Opala G, Kłodowska Duda G, Stompel D, Banaszkiewicz K, Boćwińska D, Szczudlik A, Rudzinska M, Wójcik M, Dec M, Krawczyk M, Bojakowska Jaremek K, Szczygieł E, Stenwak A, Wasielewska A, Bryl A, Ciesielska A, Klimberg A, Marcinkowski J, Sempołowicz J, Samara H, Wiśniewski B, Janik P, Gogol A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Kaminska A, Antczak J, Jachinska K, Rakowicz M, Richter P, Rola R, Ryglewicz D, Sienkiewicz Jarosz H, Stępniak I, Witkowski G, Zdzienicka E, Sułek A, Krysa W, Stepniak I, Zieora Jakutowicz K, Júlio F, Januário C, Coelho M, Mendes T, Valadas A, Andrade C, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra MR, Lima J, Massano J, Meireles J, Herrera CD, Garcia PM, Barrero F, Morales B, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, Alonso Frech F, Perez MR, Fenollar M, García RG, Pin Quiroga P, Vázquez Rivera S, Villanueva C, Alegre J, Bascuñana M, Caldentey JG, Ventura MF, Ribas GG, de Yébenes JG, Moreno JL, Ruíz PJ, Martínez Descals A, Artiga MJ, Sánchez V, Guerrero R, Bárcenas AH, Perea MF, Fortuna L, Torres MM, Reinante G, Moreau LV, Barbera MA, Guia DB, Hernanz LC, Catena JL, Ferrer PQ, Carruesco GT, Bas J, Busquets N, Calopa M, Elorza MD, López CD, Durán Sindreu Terol S, Robert MF, Ruíz BG, Casado AG, Martínez IH, Viladrich CM, Cárdenas RP, Roca E, Llesoy JR, Idiago JM, Vergara MR, García SS, Riballo AV, González SG, Guisasola LM, Salvador C, Martín ES, González M, Gorospe A, Legarda I, Arques PN, Rodríguez MJ, Vives B, Gaston I, Martinez Jaurrieta MD, Moreno JM, Peña JC, Avarvarei LD, Bastida AM, Recio MF, Vergé LR, Sánchez VS, Carrillo F, Cáceres MT, Mir P, Suarez MJ, Loutfi G, Olofsson C, Stattin EL, Westman L, Wikström B, Pålhagen SE, Paucar M, Svenningsson P, Reza Soltani TW, Höglund A, Sandström B, Høsterey Ugander U, Fredlund G, Constantinescu R, Neleborn Lingefjärd L, Stebler Y, Kaelin A, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Zaugg SW, Miedzybrodzka Z, Rae D, Downie L, Simpson S, Summers F, Ure A, Jack R, Matheson K, Akhtar S, Crooks J, Curtis A, de Souza J, Rickards H, Wright J, Barker RA, O' Keefe D, Di Pietro A, Fisher K, Goodman A, Hill S, Mason S, Swain R, Guzman NV, Bisson J, Busse M, Butcher C, Clenaghan C, Dunnett S, Handley O, Hunt S, Hughes A, Johnstone C, Jones L, Jones U, Khalil H, Owen M, Price K, Rose LE, Rosser A, Porteous M, Edwards M, Ho C, McGill M, Pearson P, Brockie P, Foster J, Johns N, McKenzie S, Rothery J, Thomas G, Yates S, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Harding A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Rowett L, Gallantrae D, Longthorpe M, Markova I, Raman A, Hamer S, Yarduiman P, Chu C, Kraus A, Wild S, Musgrave H, Toscano J, Jamieson S, Hobson E, Clayton C, Dipple H, Middleton J, Freire Patino D, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Laing H, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Santhouse A, Patton M, Peterson M, Rose S, Bruno S, Chu E, Doherty K, Haider S, Hensman D, Lahiri N, Lewis M, Novak M, Patel A, Robertson N, Rosser E, Taylor R, Warner T, Wild E, Howard L, Sollom A, Snowden J, Thompson J, Jones M, Murphy H, Trender Gerhard I, Rogers D, Bek J, Oughton E, Johnson L, Hare M, Arran N, Verstraelen N, Partington Jones L, Huson S, Stopford C, Westmoreland L, Davidson J, Morgan K, Savage L, Singh B, Komati S, Nemeth AH, Armstrong R, Valentine R, Siuda G, Harrison D, Hughes M, Parkinson A, Soltysiak B, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Gill P, Fairtlough H, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Kazoka M, O' Donovan K, Taylor C, Tidswell K, Quarrell O, Metzger S, Walter C, Riess O, Roos RA, Nielsen JE, Craufurd D, Nguyen HP, REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington’s Disease Network:Bachoud-Lévi AC, Bentivoglio AR, Biunno I, Bonelli RM, Burgunder JM, Dunnett SB, Ferreira JJ, Handley OJ, Heiberg A, Illmann T, Landwehrmeyer G, Levey J, Ramos-Arroyo MA, Nielsen J, Koivisto SP, Päivärinta M, Sebastián AR, Tabrizi S, Vandenberghe W, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Zaremba J, Uhrová T, Wahlström J, Barth K, Correia-Guedes L, Finisterra AM, Garde MB, Bos R, Betz S, Callaghan J, Fullam R, Ecker D, Nielsen MG, Hvalstedt C, Held C, Koppers K, Laurà M, Horta SM, Descals AM, Díaz MF, Mestre T, Minster S, Monza D, Mütze L, Oehmen M, Townhill J, Orth M, Padieu H, Paterski L, Peppa N, Roedig V, Rialland A, Røren N, Šašinková P, Seliverstov Y, Cubillo PT, van Walsem MR, Wright A, Silva WV, Witjes-Anné MN, Yudina E, Zielonka D, Zielonka E, Zinzi P, Herranhof B, Holl A, Kapfhammer HP, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinger K, Scheibl M, Hecht K, Lilek S, Müller N, Schöggl H, Ullah J, Ribaï P, Boogaerts A, van Reijen D, Klempíř J, Majerová V, Roth J, Hjermind L, Jacobsen O, Vinthev-Jensen T, Larsen IU, Stockholm J, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Ignatius J, Kärppä M, Åman J, Mustonen A, Kajula O, Santala M, Allain P, Guérid MA, Gohier B, Olivier A, Prundean A, Scherer-Gagou C, Verny C, Bost M, Babiloni B, Debruxelles S, Duché C, Goizet C, Lafoucrière D, Jameau L, Spampinato U, De Bruycker C, Cabaret M, Carette AS, Defebvre L, Decorte E, Delval A, Delliaux M, Destee A, Dujardin K, Peter M, Plomhouse L, Sablonnière B, Simonin C, Lemaire MH, Manouvrier S, Thibault-Tanchou S, Vuillaume I, Krystkowiak P, Duru C, Roussel M, Wannepain S, Berrissoul H, Bellonet M, Courtin F, Mantaux B, Fasquel V, Godefroy O, Azulay JP, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Eusebio A, Mundler L, Longato N, Rudolf G, Steinmetz G, Tranchant C, Wagner C, Zimmermann MA, Marcel C, Andrich J, Ellrichmann G, Hoffmann R, Kaminski B, Saft C, Stamm C, Boelmans K, Ganos C, Goerendt I, Hidding U, Lewerenz J, Münchau A, Schmalfeld J, Stubbe L, Zittel S, Bürk K, Möller JC, Rissling I, Cormio C, Sciruicchio V, Serpino C, de Tommaso M, Capellari S, Cortelli P, Gallassi R, Poda R, Rizzo G, Scaglione C, Abbruzzese G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria E, Ferrandes G, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Bella D, Di Donato S, Gellera C, Genitrini S, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Paridi D, Soliveri P, Tomasello C, Squitieri F, Elifani F, Maglione V, Di Pardo A, Alberti S, Griguoli A, Amico E, Martino T, Petrollini M, Catalli C, Di Giacopo R, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Chiara P, Quaranta D, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, de Weert A, Bolwijn JJ, Dekker M, Leenders KL, Dumas EM, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, van Duijn E, Kremer B, Verstappen CC, Blinkenberg EØ, Hauge E, Tyvoll H, Frich J, Aaserud O, Wehus R, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Gørvell P, Lorentzen E, Retterstøl L, Overland T, Stokke B, Bjørnevoll I, Sando SB, Dziadkiewicz A, Nowak M, Robowski P, Sitek E, Slawek J, Soltan W, Szinwelski M, Blaszcyk M, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Ciach-Wysocka E, Gorzkowska A, Jasinska-Myga B, Opala G, Kłodowska-Duda G, Stompel D, Banaszkiewicz K, Boćwińska D, Szczudlik A, Rudzinska M, Wójcik M, Dec M, Krawczyk M, Bojakowska-Jaremek K, Szczygieł E, Stenwak A, Wasielewska A, Bryl A, Ciesielska A, Klimberg A, Marcinkowski J, Sempołowicz J, Samara H, Wiśniewski B, Janik P, Gogol A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Kaminska A, Antczak J, Jachinska K, Rakowicz M, Richter P, Rola R, Ryglewicz D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Stępniak I, Witkowski G, Zdzienicka E, Sułek A, Krysa W, Stepniak I, Zieora-Jakutowicz K, Júlio F, Januário C, Coelho M, Mendes T, Valadas A, Andrade C, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra MR, Lima J, Massano J, Meireles J, Herrera CD, Garcia PM, Barrero F, Morales B, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, Alonso-Frech F, Perez MR, Fenollar M, García RG, Pin Quiroga P, Vázquez Rivera S, Villanueva C, Alegre J, Bascuñana M, Caldentey JG, Ventura MF, Ribas GG, de Yébenes JG, Moreno JL, Ruíz PJ, Martínez-Descals A, Artiga MJ, Sánchez V, Guerrero R, Bárcenas AH, Perea MF, Fortuna L, Torres MM, Reinante G, Moreau LV, Barbera MA, Guia DB, Hernanz LC, Catena JL, Ferrer PQ, Carruesco GT, Bas J, Busquets N, Calopa M, Elorza MD, López CD, Durán-Sindreu Terol S, Robert MF, Ruíz BG, Casado AG, Martínez IH, Viladrich CM, Cárdenas RP, Roca E, Llesoy JR, Idiago JM, Vergara MR, García SS, Riballo AV, González SG, Guisasola LM, Salvador C, Martín ES, González M, Gorospe A, Legarda I, Arques PN, Rodríguez MJ, Vives B, Gaston I, Martinez-Jaurrieta MD, Moreno JM, Peña JC, Avarvarei LD, Bastida AM, Recio MF, Vergé LR, Sánchez VS, Carrillo F, Cáceres MT, Mir P, Suarez MJ, Loutfi G, Olofsson C, Stattin EL, Westman L, Wikström B, Pålhagen SE, Paucar M, Svenningsson P, Reza-Soltani TW, Höglund A, Sandström B, Høsterey-Ugander U, Fredlund G, Constantinescu R, Neleborn-Lingefjärd L, Stebler Y, Kaelin A, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Zaugg SW, Miedzybrodzka Z, Rae D, Downie L, Simpson S, Summers F, Ure A, Jack R, Matheson K, Akhtar S, Crooks J, Curtis A, de Souza J, Rickards H, Wright J, Barker RA, O' Keefe D, Di Pietro A, Fisher K, Goodman A, Hill S, Mason S, Swain R, Guzman NV, Bisson J, Busse M, Butcher C, Clenaghan C, Dunnett S, Handley O, Hunt S, Hughes A, Johnstone C, Jones L, Jones U, Khalil H, Owen M, Price K, Rose LE, Rosser A, Porteous M, Edwards M, Ho C, McGill M, Pearson P, Brockie P, Foster J, Johns N, McKenzie S, Rothery J, Thomas G, Yates S, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Harding A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Rowett L, Gallantrae D, Longthorpe M, Markova I, Raman A, Hamer S, Yarduiman P, Chu C, Kraus A, Wild S, Musgrave H, Toscano J, Jamieson S, Hobson E, Clayton C, Dipple H, Middleton J, Freire-Patino D, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Laing H, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Santhouse A, Patton M, Peterson M, Rose S, Bruno S, Chu E, Doherty K, Haider S, Hensman D, Lahiri N, Lewis M, Novak M, Patel A, Robertson N, Rosser E, Taylor R, Warner T, Wild E, Howard L, Sollom A, Snowden J, Thompson J, Jones M, Murphy H, Trender-Gerhard I, Rogers D, Bek J, Oughton E, Johnson L, Hare M, Arran N, Verstraelen N, Partington-Jones L, Huson S, Stopford C, Westmoreland L, Davidson J, Morgan K, Savage L, Singh B, Komati S, Nemeth AH, Armstrong R, Valentine R, Siuda G, Harrison D, Hughes M, Parkinson A, Soltysiak B, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Gill P, Fairtlough H, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Kazoka M, O' Donovan K, Taylor C, Tidswell K, and Quarrell O
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Genotype, Huntington, Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes, Autophagy-Related Protein 7, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Gene Frequency, V471A polymorphism, Genetics, Autophagy, Humans, Age of Onset, Child, Biology, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Clinical Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Computational Biology, Human Genetics, Middle Aged, Huntington Disease, Neurology, Italy, Autosomal Dominant, Child, Preschool, Genetic Polymorphism, Medicine, Population Genetics, gene ATG7, Research Article
Abstract: The cause of Huntington disease (HD) is a polyglutamine repeat expansion of more than 36 units in the huntingtin protein, which is inversely correlated with the age at onset of the disease. However, additional genetic factors are believed to modify the course and the age at onset of HD. Recently, we identified the V471A polymorphism in the autophagy-related gene ATG7, a key component of the autophagy pathway that plays an important role in HD pathogenesis, to be associated with the age at onset in a large group of European Huntington disease patients. To confirm this association in a second independent patient cohort, we analysed the ATG7 V471A polymorphism in additional 1,464 European HD patients of the "REGISTRY" cohort from the European Huntington Disease Network (EHDN). In the entire REGISTRY cohort we could not confirm a modifying effect of the ATG7 V471A polymorphism. However, analysing a modifying effect of ATG7 in these REGISTRY patients and in patients of our previous HD cohort according to their ethnic origin, we identified a significant effect of the ATG7 V471A polymorphism on the HD age at onset only in the Italian population (327 patients). In these Italian patients, the polymorphism is associated with a 6-years earlier disease onset and thus seems to have an aggravating effect. We could specify the role of ATG7 as a genetic modifier for HD particularly in the Italian population. This result affirms the modifying influence of the autophagic pathway on the course of HD, but also suggests population-specific modifying mechanisms in HD pathogenesis.
Published: 2013

14. Observing Huntington's disease: the European Huntington's Disease Network's REGISTRY

Author: Orth, M, Handley, Oj, Schwenke, C, Dunnett, S, Wild, Ej, Tabrizi, Sj, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Bachoud Lévi AC, Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, R, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, Jj, Giuliano, J, Heiberg, A, Illmann, T, van Kammen, D, Landwehrmeye, Gb, Levey, J, Nielsen, Je, Päivärinta, M, Roos, Ra, Sebastián, Ar, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlström, J, Wallner, M, Barth, K, Guedes, Lc, Finisterra, Am, Garde, Mb, Bos, R, Burg, S, Ecker, D, Held, C, Koppers, K, Laurà, M, Descals, Am, Mclean, T, Mestre, T, Minster, S, Monza, D, Townhill, J, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Peppa, N, Koivisto, Sp, Rialland, A, Røren, N, Sasinková, P, Cubillo, Pt, Tritsch, C, van Walsem MR, Witjes Ané MN, Yudina, E, Zielonka, D, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Bonelli, Rm, Herranhof, B, Holl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Scheibl, M, Hecht, K, Lilek, S, Müller, N, Schöggl, H, Ullah, J, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Mahlknecht, P, Nocker, M, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Buratti, L, Hametner, Em, Holas, C, Hussl, A, Mair, K, Poewe, W, Wolf, E, Zangerl, A, Braunwarth, Em, Sinadinosa, D, Walleczek, Am, Ladurner, G, Staffen, W, Ribaï, P, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Boogaerts, A, van Reijen, D, Klempíř, J, Kucharík, M, Roth, J, Šenkárová, Z, Hasholt, L, Hjermind, Le, Jakobsen, O, Nørremølle, A, Sørensen, Sa, Stokholm, J, Nielsen, J, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Peippo, M, Sipponen, M, Ignatius, J, Kärppä, M, Åman, J, Santala, M, Allain, P, Guérid, Ma, Gohier, B, Olivier, A, Prundean, A, Scherer Gagou, C, Verny, C, Babiloni, B, Debruxelles, S, Goizet, C, Lafoucrière, D, De Bruycker, C, Carette, As, Decorte, E, Delval, A, Delliaux, M, Dujardin, K, Peter, M, Plomhouse, L, Simonin, C, Thibault Tanchou, S, Bellonet, M, Duru, C, Krystkowiak, P, Roussel, M, Wannepain, S, Azulay, Jp, Chabot, C, Delphini, M, Eusebio, A, Grosjean, H, Mundler, L, Nowak, M, Rudolf, G, Steinmetz, G, Tranchant, C, Wagner, C, Zimmermann, Ma, Calvas, F, Cheriet, S, Démonet, Jf, Galitzky, M, Kosinski, Cm, Milkereit, E, Probst, D, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Prüss, H, Spruth, Ej, Andrich, J, Hoffmann, R, Kraus, Ph, Muth, S, Prehn, C, Saft, C, Salmen, S, Stamm, C, Steiner, T, Strassburger, K, Lange, H, Friedrich, A, Hunger, U, Löhle, M, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Hidding, U, Lewerenz, J, Münchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Diercks, G, Gorzolla, H, Schrader, C, Heinicke, W, Ribbat, M, Longinus, B, Bürk, K, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Bechtel, N, Beckmann, H, Bohlen, S, Hölzner, E, Reilmann, R, Rohm, S, Rumpf, S, Schepers, S, Beister, A, Dose, M, Hammer, K, Kieni, J, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Richter, S, Selimbegovic Turkovic, A, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Wiedemann, A, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Nepper, S, 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Thomson, J, Toscano, J, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Bourne, C, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Clapton, J, Grant, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Murch, A, Patino, D, Bate, L, Pate, L, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Henley, S, Lahiri, N, Novak, M, Patel, A, Read, J, Rosser, E, Say, M, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Callaghan, J, Craufurd, D, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Oughton, E, Partington Jones, L, Snowden, J, Sollom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Trender Gerhad, I, Verstraelen, N, Westmoreland, L, Nemeth, Ah, Siuda, G, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Burn, J, Coleman, C, Majeed, T, Verstraelen Ritchie, N, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Gill, P, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, O'Donovan, K, Tidswell, K, Quarrell, O., Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Neurology, Clinical sciences, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Orth M., European Huntington's Disease Network, Handley O.J., Schwenke C., Dunnet S., Wild E.J., Tabrizi S.J., Landwehrmeyer G.B., Capellari S., Cortelli P., Gallassi R., Poda R., Rizzo G., and Scaglione C.
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, International Cooperation, Disease, Irritability, Data Collection/methods, Huntington's disease, medicine, Humans, Registries, Psychiatry, Suicidal ideation, Disease burden, business.industry, Data Collection, medicine.disease, Europe, Huntington Disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, European Huntington's Disease Network, Surgery, Observational study, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare triplet repeat (CAG) disorder. Advanced, multi-centre, multi-national research frameworks are needed to study simultaneously multiple complementary aspects of HD. This includes the natural history of HD, its management and the collection of clinical information and biosamples for research. METHODS: We report on cross-sectional data of the first 1766 participants in REGISTRY, the European Huntington's Disease Network's (EHDN), multi-lingual, multi-national prospective observational study of HD in Europe. Data collection (demographics, phenotype, genotype, medication, co-morbidities, biosamples) followed a standard protocol. RESULTS: Phenotype, and the HD genotype, of manifest HD participants across different European regions was similar. Motor onset was most common (48%) with a non-motor onset in more than a third of participants. Motor signs increased, and cognitive abilities and functional capacity declined as the disease burden (CAGn-35.5) X age) increased. A life-time history of behavioural symptoms was common, but the behavioural score was not related to disease burden. One fifth of participants had severe psychiatric problems, e.g. suicidal ideation and attempts, and/or irritability/aggression, with psychosis being less common. Participants on anti-dyskinetic medication had a higher motor and lower cognitive score, were older, and more prone to physical trauma. A higher motor and a lower cognitive score predicted more advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: The unparalleled collection of clinical data and biomaterials within the EHDN's REGISTRY can expedite the search for disease modifiers (genetic and environmental) of age at onset and disease progression that could be harnessed for the development of novel treatments.
Published: 2011

15. NMDA receptor gene variations as modifiers in Huntington disease: a replication study

Author: Saft C, Epplen JT, Wieczorek S, Landwehrmeyer GB, Roos RA, de Yebenes JG, Dose M, Tabrizi SJ, Craufurd D, REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network, Arning L. CollaboratorsBarth K, Bascuñana Garde M, Bos R, Ecker D, Handley O, Heinonen N, Held C, Laurà M, Martínez Descals A, Mestre T, Monza D, Naji J, Orth M, Padieu H, Pro Koivisto S, Rialland A, Sasinková P, Trigo Cubillo P, van Walsem M, Witjes Ané MN, Zielonka D, Bonelli R, Herranhof B, Hödl A, Kapfhammer HP, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinge K, Brugger F, Hepperger C, Hotter A, Mahlknecht P, Nocker M, Seppi K, Wenning G, Ribaï P, Verellen Dumoulin C, Klempí?? J, Kucharik M, Roth J, Hasholt L, Hjermind L, Jakobsen O, Nielsen J, Nørremølle A, Sørensen S, Stokholm J, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Kosinski C, Probst D, Sass C, Schiefer J, Schlangen C, Werner C, Lange H, Löhle M, Storch A, Wolz A, Wolz M, Lambeck J, Zucker B, Münchau A, Stubbe L, Zittel S, Heinicke W, Longinus B, Peinemann A, Städtler M, Weindl A, Bohlen S, Reilmann R, Beister A, Hammer K, Leythaeuser G, Marquard R, Raab T, Schrenk C, Schuierer M, Wiedemann A, Eschenbach C, Landwehrmeyer B, Lezius F, Trautmann S, Cormio C, Difruscolo O, de Tommaso M, Sciruicchio V, Serpino C, Bertini E, Mechi C, Paganini M, Piacentini S, Romoli M, Sorbi S, Abbruzzese G, Di Maria E, Bandettini di Poggio Giovanna Ferrandes M, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Donato S, Mariotti C, Soliveri P, Gellera C, Tomasello C, Nanetti L, Luigi D, Squitieri F, Martino T, Orobello S, Alberti S, De Gregorio F, Codella V, De Nicola N, Maglione V, Bentivoglio A, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, Zinzi P, Heiberg A, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Gørvell P, Retterstøl L, Bjørnevoll I, Botne Sando S, Slawek J, Soltan W, Sitek E, Boczarska Jedynak M, Jasinska Myga B, Opala G, Szczudlik A, Rudzi??ska M, Wójcik M, Banaszkiewicz K, Krawczyk M, Marcinkowski J, Ciesielska A, Sempo??owicz J, Bryl A, Klimberg A, Janik P, Kalbarczyk A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Witkowski G, Ryglewicz D, Antczak J, Rakowicz M, Jachinska K, Zdzienicka E, Richter P, Zaremba J, Coelho M, Ferreira J, Rosa M, Valadas A, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra M, Barrero F, Morales B, López Sendón Moreno J, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, García R, Villanueva C, Pin Quiroga P, Bascuñana M, Fatàas M, Luis López Moreno J, García Ribas G, Schwarz C, de Yébenes JG, José Saiz Artiga M, García Ruíz P, Sánchez V, Fortuna Alcaraz L, Fuensanta Noguera Perea M, Martirio Antequera Torres M, Vivancos Moreau L, Rojo Sebastian A, Aguilar Barbera M, Badenes Guia D, Casas Hernanz L, Tome Carruesco G, Suarez San Martin E, López Catena J, Bas J, Calopa M, Busquets N, Navas Arques P, Gorospe A, Legarda I, José Torres Rodríguez M, Vives B, Carrillo F, Mir P, José Lama Suarez M, Loutfi G, Stattin EL, Westman L, Wikström B, Pålhagen S, Björnsson E, Burgunder JM, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Weber Zaugg S, van Hout M, van Vugt J, Marit de Weert A, Bolwijn JJ, Dekker M, Leenders KL, van Oostrom JC, Dumas E, Jurgens C, van den Bogaard SA, Roos R, Kremer B, Verstappen CC, de Souza J, Rickards H, Wright J, Barker R, Fisher K, Goyder Goodman A, Hill S, Kershaw A, Mason S, Paterson N, Raymond L, Bisson J, Busse M, Ellison Rose L, Hunt S, Price K, Rosser A, Dunnett S, Edwards M, De Sousa P, Hughes T, McGill M, Pearson P, Porteous M, Smith P, Zeman A, Lambord N, Rankin J, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Patton M, Patterson M, Bourne C, Clayton C, Dipple H, Clapton J, Grant J, Gross D, Hallam C, Middleton J, Murch A, Patino D, Bruno S, Chu E, Doherty K, Lahiri N, Novak M, Patel A, Tabrizi S, Taylor R, Warner T, Wild E, Arran N, Fullam R, Howard L, Huson S, Partington Jones L, Verstraelen N, Snowden J, Sollom A, Stopford C, Thompson J, Westmoreland L, Nemeth A, Siuda G, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Tidswell K, Quarrell O., DE MICHELE, GIUSEPPE, RINALDI, CARLO, RUSSO, CINZIA, SALVATORE, ELENA, TUCCI, TECLA, Saft C, Epplen JT, Wieczorek S, Landwehrmeyer GB, Roos RA, de Yebenes JG, Dose M, Tabrizi SJ, Craufurd D, REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network, Arning L. Collaborators (348), Saft, C, Epplen, Jt, Wieczorek, S, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Roos, Ra, de Yebenes, Jg, Dose, M, Tabrizi, Sj, Craufurd, D, Russo, CINZIA VALERIA, Arning L., CollaboratorsBarth K, Bascuñana Garde, M, Bos, R, Ecker, D, Handley, O, Heinonen, N, Held, C, Laurà, M, Martínez Descals, A, Mestre, T, Monza, D, Naji, J, Orth, M, Padieu, H, Pro Koivisto, S, Rialland, A, Sasinková, P, Trigo Cubillo, P, van Walsem, M, Witjes Ané, Mn, Zielonka, D, Bonelli, R, Herranhof, B, Hödl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinge, K, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Mahlknecht, P, Nocker, M, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Ribaï, P, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Klempí??, J, Kucharik, M, Roth, J, Hasholt, L, Hjermind, L, Jakobsen, O, Nielsen, J, Nørremølle, A, Sørensen, S, Stokholm, J, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Kosinski, C, Probst, D, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, C, Lange, H, Löhle, M, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Münchau, A, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Bohlen, S, Reilmann, R, Beister, A, Hammer, K, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Wiedemann, A, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Trautmann, S, Cormio, C, Difruscolo, O, de Tommaso, M, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Bertini, E, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Romoli, M, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, Di Maria, E, Bandettini di Poggio Giovanna Ferrandes, M, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Donato, S, Mariotti, C, Soliveri, P, Gellera, C, Tomasello, C, Nanetti, L, Luigi, D, DE MICHELE, Giuseppe, Rinaldi, Carlo, Russo, Cinzia, Salvatore, Elena, Tucci, Tecla, Squitieri, F, Martino, T, Orobello, S, Alberti, S, De Gregorio, F, Codella, V, De Nicola, N, Maglione, V, Bentivoglio, A, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Romano, S, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Zinzi, P, Heiberg, A, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Retterstøl, L, Bjørnevoll, I, Botne Sando, S, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Sitek, E, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, Szczudlik, A, Rudzi??ska, M, Wójcik, M, Banaszkiewicz, K, Krawczyk, M, Marcinkowski, J, Ciesielska, A, Sempo??owicz, J, Bryl, A, Klimberg, A, Janik, P, Kalbarczyk, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Witkowski, G, Ryglewicz, D, Antczak, J, Rakowicz, M, Jachinska, K, Zdzienicka, E, Richter, P, Zaremba, J, Coelho, M, Ferreira, J, Rosa, M, Valadas, A, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, M, Barrero, F, Morales, B, López Sendón Moreno, J, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, García, R, Villanueva, C, Pin Quiroga, P, Bascuñana, M, Fatàas, M, Luis López Moreno, J, García Ribas, G, Schwarz, C, de Yébenes, Jg, José Saiz Artiga, M, García Ruíz, P, Sánchez, V, Fortuna Alcaraz, L, Fuensanta Noguera Perea, M, Martirio Antequera Torres, M, Vivancos Moreau, L, Rojo Sebastian, A, Aguilar Barbera, M, Badenes Guia, D, Casas Hernanz, L, Tome Carruesco, G, Suarez San Martin, E, López Catena, J, Bas, J, Calopa, M, Busquets, N, Navas Arques, P, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, José Torres Rodríguez, M, Vives, B, Carrillo, F, Mir, P, José Lama Suarez, M, Loutfi, G, Stattin, El, Westman, L, Wikström, B, Pålhagen, S, Björnsson, E, Burgunder, Jm, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Weber Zaugg, S, van Hout, M, van Vugt, J, Marit de Weert, A, Bolwijn, Jj, Dekker, M, Leenders, Kl, van Oostrom, Jc, Dumas, E, Jurgens, C, van den Bogaard, Sa, Roos, R, Kremer, B, Verstappen, Cc, de Souza, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Barker, R, Fisher, K, Goyder Goodman, A, Hill, S, Kershaw, A, Mason, S, Paterson, N, Raymond, L, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Ellison Rose, L, Hunt, S, Price, K, Rosser, A, Dunnett, S, Edwards, M, De Sousa, P, Hughes, T, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Porteous, M, Smith, P, Zeman, A, Lambord, N, Rankin, J, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Patton, M, Patterson, M, Bourne, C, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Clapton, J, Grant, J, Gross, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Murch, A, Patino, D, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Lahiri, N, Novak, M, Patel, A, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Partington Jones, L, Verstraelen, N, Snowden, J, Sollom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Westmoreland, L, Nemeth, A, Siuda, G, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Tidswell, K, and Quarrell, O.
Abstract: Several candidate modifier genes which, in addition to the pathogenic CAG repeat expansion, influence the age at onset (AO) in Huntington disease (HD) have already been described. The aim of this study was to replicate association of variations in the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype genes GRIN2A and GRIN2B in the "REGISTRY" cohort from the European Huntington Disease Network (EHDN). The analyses did replicate the association reported between the GRIN2A rs2650427 variation and AO in the entire cohort. Yet, when subjects were stratified by AO subtypes, we found nominally significant evidence for an association of the GRIN2A rs1969060 variation and the GRIN2B rs1806201 variation. These findings further implicate the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype genes as loci containing variation associated with AO in HD.
Published: 2011

16. Observing Huntington's Disease: the European Huntington's Disease Network's REGISTRY

Author: Orth M, Handley OJ, Schwenke C, Dunnett SB, Craufurd D, Ho AK, Wild E, Tabrizi SJ, Landwehrmeyer GB, Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease N.e.t.w.o.r.k. CollaboratorsBonelli R, Herranhof B, Hödl A, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinger K, Flamez A, Morez V, de Raedt S, Ribaï P, Verellen Dumoulin C, Vandenberghe W, van Reijen D, Hasholt L, Hjermind L, Jakobsen O, Nørremølle A, Sørensen S, Stokholm J, Peippo M, Sipponen M, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Kosinski C, Probst D, Sass C, Schiefer J, Schlangen C, Werner C, Priller J, Prüss H, Andrich J, Hoffmann R, Kraus P, Prehn C, Saft C, Salmen S, Strassburger K, Lange H, Hunger U, Löhle M, Schmidt S, Storch A, Wolz A, Wolz M, Lammbeck J, Zucker B, Hidding U, Münchau A, Stubbe L, Heinicke W, Longinus B, Möller J, Rissling I, Peinemann A, Städtler M, Weindl A, Bohlen S, Reilmann R, Beister A, Dose M, Leythaeuser G, Marquard R, Schrenk C, Schuierer M, Wiedemann A, Ecker D, Landwehrmeyer B, Lezius F, Trautmann S, Bertini E, Mechi C, Paganini M, Piacentini S, Romoli M, Sorbi S, Abbruzzese G, di Poggio M, Di Maria E, Ferrandes G, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Donato S, Mariotti C, Soliveri P, Carlo R, Luigi D, Rinaldi C, Tucci T, Ciarmiello A, Martino T, Simonelli M, Squitieri F, Bentivoglio A, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, Zinzi P, Heiberg A, van Walsem M, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Lars Retterstøl P, Bjørnevoll I, Sando S, Sitek E, Slawek J, Soltan W, Boczarska Jedynak M, Jasinska Myga B, Opala G, Rudzińska M, Szczudlik A, Wójcik M, Banaszkiewicz K, Bryl A, Ciesielska A, Klimberg A, Kozubski W, Marcinkowski J, Sempołowicz P, Zielonka D, Janik P, Kalbarczyk A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Antczak J, Witkowski G, Rakowicz M, Richter P, Ryglewicz D, Zaremba J, Zdzienicka E, Costa C, Coelho M, Ferreira J, Mestre T, Rosa M, Valadas A, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra M, Bas J, Calopa M, Barberà M, Badenes D, Casas L, Arroyo S, Vara J, Krupinski J, López J, Obdulia M, Ferrer P, Sebastián A, Contreras S, Carruesco G, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, Barrero F, Morales B, López Sendón Moreno J, García RR, Quiroga P, Villanueva C, Ruíz Espiga PJ, Martínez A, Artiga MS, Sánchez V, Bascuñana M, Fatas M, Ribas G, de Yébenes J, López Moreno J, Schwarz C, Cubillo P, Arques P, Gorospe A, Legarda I, Torres Rodríguez M, Gaston I, Ramos Arroyo MA, Del Val JL, Martinez L, Burgunder JM, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Zaugg SW, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, de Weert AM, Bolwijn JJ, Dekker M, Leenders KL, van Oostrom JC, Bos R, Dumas E, Jurgens CK, Roos RA, Witjes Ané MN, Matheson K, Rae D, Simpson S, Summers F, Ure A, Curtis A, Keylock J, Rickards H, Wright J, Barker R, Fisher K, Goodman AG, Hill S, Kershaw A, Mason S, Paterson N, Raymond L, Bisson J, Busse M, Ellison Rose L, Handley O, Dunnett S, Naji J, Price K, Rosser A, Edwards M, De Sousa P, Hughes T, McGill M, Pearson P, Porteous M, Zema A, Brockie P, Foster J, Johns N, McKenzie S, Thomas G, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Chu C, Hobson E, Jamieson S, Toscano J, Wild S, Yardumian P, Bourne C, Clayton C, Dipple H, Grant J, Gross D, Hallam C, Middleton J, Murch A, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Bruno S, Henley S, Novak M, O'Driscoll C, Patel A, Rosser E, Tabrizi S, Taylor R, Warner T, Arran N, Fullam R, Howard L, Huson S, Partington Jones L, Ritchie N, Snowden J, Solom A, Stopford C, Thompson J, Westmoreland L, Nemeth A, Siuda G, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Quarrell O, Reynders H, Robertson L, Tidswell K., DE MICHELE, GIUSEPPE, SALVATORE, ELENA, Orth M, Handley OJ, Schwenke C, Dunnett SB, Craufurd D, Ho AK, Wild E, Tabrizi SJ, Landwehrmeyer GB, Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Collaborators (314), Orth, M, Handley, Oj, Schwenke, C, Dunnett, Sb, Craufurd, D, Ho, Ak, Wild, E, Tabrizi, Sj, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, CollaboratorsBonelli R, Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease N. e. t. w. o. r. k., Herranhof, B, Hödl, A, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Ribaï, P, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Vandenberghe, W, van Reijen, D, Hasholt, L, Hjermind, L, Jakobsen, O, Nørremølle, A, Sørensen, S, Stokholm, J, Peippo, M, Sipponen, M, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Kosinski, C, Probst, D, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, C, Priller, J, Prüss, H, Andrich, J, Hoffmann, R, Kraus, P, Prehn, C, Saft, C, Salmen, S, Strassburger, K, Lange, H, Hunger, U, Löhle, M, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Lammbeck, J, Zucker, B, Hidding, U, Münchau, A, Stubbe, L, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Möller, J, Rissling, I, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Bohlen, S, Reilmann, R, Beister, A, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Wiedemann, A, Ecker, D, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Trautmann, S, Bertini, E, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Romoli, M, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, di Poggio, M, Di Maria, E, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Donato, S, Mariotti, C, Soliveri, P, Carlo, R, Luigi, D, DE MICHELE, Giuseppe, Rinaldi, C, Salvatore, Elena, Tucci, T, Ciarmiello, A, Martino, T, Simonelli, M, Squitieri, F, Bentivoglio, A, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Romano, S, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Zinzi, P, Heiberg, A, van Walsem, M, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Lars Retterstøl, P, Bjørnevoll, I, Sando, S, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, Rudzińska, M, Szczudlik, A, Wójcik, M, Banaszkiewicz, K, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Kozubski, W, Marcinkowski, J, Sempołowicz, P, Zielonka, D, Janik, P, Kalbarczyk, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Antczak, J, Witkowski, G, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Ryglewicz, D, Zaremba, J, Zdzienicka, E, Costa, C, Coelho, M, Ferreira, J, Mestre, T, Rosa, M, Valadas, A, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, M, Bas, J, Calopa, M, Barberà, M, Badenes, D, Casas, L, Arroyo, S, Vara, J, Krupinski, J, López, J, Obdulia, M, Ferrer, P, Sebastián, A, Contreras, S, Carruesco, G, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, Barrero, F, Morales, B, López Sendón Moreno, J, García, Rr, Quiroga, P, Villanueva, C, Ruíz Espiga, Pj, Martínez, A, Artiga, M, Sánchez, V, Bascuñana, M, Fatas, M, Ribas, G, de Yébenes, J, López Moreno, J, Schwarz, C, Cubillo, P, Arques, P, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Torres Rodríguez, M, Gaston, I, Ramos Arroyo, Ma, Del Val, Jl, Martinez, L, Burgunder, Jm, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Zaugg, Sw, van Hout, M, van Vugt, Jp, de Weert, Am, Bolwijn, Jj, Dekker, M, Leenders, Kl, van Oostrom, Jc, Bos, R, Dumas, E, Jurgens, Ck, Roos, Ra, Witjes Ané, Mn, Matheson, K, Rae, D, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Curtis, A, Keylock, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Barker, R, Fisher, K, Goodman, Ag, Hill, S, Kershaw, A, Mason, S, Paterson, N, Raymond, L, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Ellison Rose, L, Handley, O, Dunnett, S, Naji, J, Price, K, Rosser, A, Edwards, M, De Sousa, P, Hughes, T, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Porteous, M, Zema, A, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Thomas, G, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Chu, C, Hobson, E, Jamieson, S, Toscano, J, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Bourne, C, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Grant, J, Gross, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Murch, A, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Bruno, S, Henley, S, Novak, M, O'Driscoll, C, Patel, A, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Arran, N, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Partington Jones, L, Ritchie, N, Snowden, J, Solom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Westmoreland, L, Nemeth, A, Siuda, G, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Quarrell, O, Reynders, H, Robertson, L, and Tidswell, K.
Published: 2010

17. Normal and mutant HTT interact to affect clinical severity and progression in Huntington disease

Author: Aziz, Na, Jurgens, Ck, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Ehdn, Rsg, van Roon Mom, Wm, van Ommen, Gj, Stijnen, T, Roos, Ra, Bachoud Levi, Ac, Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, R, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, J, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Illmann, T, Levey, J, Nielsen, Je, Päivärinta, M, Rojo Sebastian, A, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlstrom, J, Schwenke, C, Orth, M, Wallner, M, Barth, K, Bascunana Garde, M, Ros, R, Ecker, D, Heinonen, N, Held, C, Laura, M, Martinez Descals, A, Mestre, T, Monza, D, Naji, J, Padieu, H, Pro Koivisto, S, Rialland, A, Sasinkova, P, Trigo Cubillo, P, van Walsem, M, Witjes Ane, Mn, Zielonka, D, Bonelli, Rm, Herranhof, B, Hodl, A, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Ribai, P, Van Reijen, D, Hasholt, L, Hjermind, Le, Jakobsen, O, Norremolle, A, Sorensen, Sa, Stokholm, J, Peippo, M, Sipponen, M, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Kosinski, Cm, Probst, D, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Priller, J, Prüb, H, Andrich, J, Hoffmann, R, Kraus, P, Prehn, C, Saft, C, Salmen, S, Strabburger, K, Lange, H, Hunger, U, Löhle, M, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Lammbeck, J, Zucker, B, Hidding, U, Münchau, A, Stubbe, L, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Bohlen, S, Reilmann, R, Beuster, A, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Wiedemann, A, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Trautmann, S, Bertini, E, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Romoli, M, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, Bandettini di Poggio, M, Ferrandes, G, Mandes, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Donato, S, Mariotti, C, Soliveri, P, Carlo, R, Luigi, Dm, De michele, G, Rinaldi, C, Salvatore, E, Tucci, T, Ciarmiello, A, Martino, T, Simonelli, M, Squitieri, F, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Lalongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Romano, S, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Zinzi, P, van Walsem, Mr, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Retterstøl, L, Bjørnevoll, I, Sando, Sb, Sitek, Ej, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Rudzinska, M, Szczudlik, A, Wójcik, M, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Kozubski, W, Marcinkowski, J, Sempolowicz, Pj, Zielona, D, Janik, P, Kalbarczyk, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Antczak, J, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Ryglewicz, D, Zdzienicka, E, Costa, C, Coelho, M, Ferreira, Jj, Rosa, Mm, Valadas, A, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, Mr, Bas, J, Calopa, M, Barberà, Ma, Badenes, D, Casas, L, Arroyo, Se, Vara, Jh, Krupinski, J, López, J, Obdulia, M, Ferrer, Pq, Sebastián, Ar, Contreras, Sr, Carruesco, Gt, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, Barrero, Fj, Morales, B, Garcia Ramos Garcia, R, Pin Quiroga, P, Villanueva, C, Ruiz Espiga, Pj, Martinez, A, Saiz Artiga, Mj, Sánchez, V, Bascuñana, M, Fatas, M, Ribas, Gg, de Yébenes, Jg, López Moreno, Jl, Schwarz, C, Cubillo, Pt, Arques, Pn, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Rodriguez, Mj, Gaston, I, Ramos Arroyo, Ma, del Val, Jl, Martinez, L, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Zaugg, Sw, van Hout, Ms, van Vugt, Jp, de Weert, Am, Bolwijn, Jj, Dekker, M, Leenders, Kl, van Oostrom, Jc, Bos, R, Dumas, E, Witjes Ané, Mn, Matheson, K, Rae, D, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Curtis, A, Keylock, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Barker, Ra, Fisher, K, Goyder Goodman, Ao, Hill, S, Kershaw, A, Mason, S, Paterson, N, Raymond, L, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Ellison Rose, L, Handley, O, Price, K, Rosser, A, Edwards, M, De Sousa, Pa, Hughes, T, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Porteous, M, Zema, A, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Thomas, G, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomas, A, Chu, C, Hobson, E, Jamieson, S, Toscano, J, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Bourne, C, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Grant, J, Gross, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Murch, A, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Bruno, S, Henley, S, O'Driscoll, C, Patel, A, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Craufurd, D, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Partington Jones, L, Ritchie, N, Snowden, J, Solom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Westmoreland, L, Nemeth, Ah, Siuda, G, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Quarrell, O, Reynders, H, Robertson, L, Tidswell, K., Mandich, Paola, Aziz, Na, Jurgens, Ck, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, EHDN Registry Study, Group, van Roon Mom, Wm, van Ommen, Gj, Stijnen, T, Bachoud Levi AC, Roos R. A., Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, R, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, J, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Illmann, T, Levey, J, Nielsen, Je, Päivärinta, M, Roos, Ra, Rojo Sebastian, A, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlstrom, J, Schwenke, C, Orth, M, Wallner, M, Barth, K, Bascunana Garde, M, Ros, R, Ecker, D, Heinonen, N, Held, C, Laura, M, Martinez Descals, A, Mestre, T, Monza, D, Naji, J, Padieu, H, Pro Koivisto, S, Rialland, A, Sasinkova, P, Trigo Cubillo, P, van Walsem, M, Witjes Ane, Mn, Zielonka, D, Bonelli, Rm, Herranhof, B, Hodl, A, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Ribai, P, Van Reijen, D, Hasholt, L, Hjermind, Le, Jakobsen, O, Norremolle, A, Sorensen, Sa, Stokholm, J, Peippo, M, Sipponen, M, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Kosinski, Cm, Probst, D, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Priller, J, Prüb, H, Andrich, J, Hoffmann, R, Kraus, P, Prehn, C, Saft, C, Salmen, S, Strabburger, K, Lange, H, Hunger, U, Löhle, M, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Lammbeck, J, Zucker, B, Hidding, U, Münchau, A, Stubbe, L, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Bohlen, S, Reilmann, R, Beuster, A, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Wiedemann, A, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Trautmann, S, Bertini, E, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Romoli, M, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, Bandettini di Poggio, M, Ferrandes, G, Mandes, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Donato, S, Mariotti, C, Soliveri, P, Carlo, R, Luigi, Dm, DE MICHELE, Giuseppe, Rinaldi, Carlo, Salvatore, Elena, Tucci, Tecla, Ciarmielo, A, Martino, T, Simonelli, M, Squitieri, F, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Lalongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Romano, S, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Zinzi, P, van Walsem, Mr, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Retterstøl, L, Bjørnevoll, I, Sando, Sb, Sitek, Ej, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Rudzinska, M, Szczudlik, A, Wójcik, M, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Kozubski, W, Marcinkowski, J, Sempolowicz, Pj, Zielona, D, Janik, P, Kalbarczyk, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Antczak, J, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Ryglewicz, D, Zdzienicka, E, Costa, C, Coelho, M, Ferreira, Jj, Rosa, Mm, Valadas, A, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, Mr, Bas, J, Calopa, M, Barberà, Ma, Badenes, D, Casas, L, Arroyo, Se, Vara, Jh, Krupinski, J, López, J, Obdulia, M, Ferrer, Pq, Sebastián, Ar, Contreras, Sr, Carruesco, Gt, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, Barrero, Fj, Morales, B, Garcia Ramos Garcia, R, Pin Quiroga, P, Villanueva, C, Ruiz Espiga, Pj, Martinez, A, Saiz Artiga, Mj, Sánchez, V, Bascuñana, M, Fatas, M, Ribas, Gg, de Yébenes, Jg, López Moreno, Jl, Schwarz, C, Cubillo, Pt, Arques, Pn, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Rodriguez, Mj, Gaston, I, Ramos Arroyo, Ma, del Val, Jl, Martinez, L, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Zaugg, Sw, van Hout, M, van Vugt, Jp, de Weert, Am, Bolwijn, Jj, Dekker, M, Leenders, Kl, van Oostrom, Jc, Bos, R, Dumas, E, Witjes Ané, Mn, Matheson, K, Rae, D, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Curtis, A, Keylock, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Barker, Ra, Fisher, K, Goyder Goodman, Ao, Hill, S, Kershaw, A, Mason, S, Paterson, N, Raymond, L, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Ellison Rose, L, Handley, O, Price, K, Rosser, A, Edwards, M, De Sousa, Pa, Hughes, T, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Porteous, M, Zema, A, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Thomas, G, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomas, A, Chu, C, Hobson, E, Jamieson, S, Toscano, J, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Bourne, C, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Grant, J, Gross, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Murch, A, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Bruno, S, Henley, S, O'Driscoll, C, Patel, A, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Craufurd, D, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Partington Jones, L, Ritchie, N, Snowden, J, Solom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Westmoreland, L, Nemeth, Ah, Siuda, G, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Quarrell, O, Reynders, H, Robertson, L, Tidswell, K., Neurology, Clinical sciences, and Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Huntingtin, Adolescent, Huntington Disease/epidemiology, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, Severity of Illness Index, Basal Ganglia, Central nervous system disease, Young Adult, Degenerative disease, Internal medicine, Basal ganglia, Severity of illness, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Allele, Age of Onset, Child, Basal Ganglia/pathology, Aged, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Endocrinology, Huntington Disease, Mutation, Disease Progression, Female, Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, Psychology, Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene (HTT). We aimed to assess whether interaction between CAG repeat sizes in the mutant and normal allele could affect disease severity and progression. METHODS: Using linear regression and mixed-effects models, the influence of mutant and normal CAG repeat sizes interaction was assessed on 1) age at onset in 921 patients with HD, 2) clinical severity and progression in 512 of these patients with follow-up data available, and 3) basal ganglia volume on magnetic resonance images in 16 premanifest HD mutation carriers. RESULTS: Normal and mutant CAG repeat sizes interacted to influence 1) age at onset (p = 0.001), 2) severity or progression of motor, cognitive, and functional, but not behavioral, symptoms in patients with HD (all p < 0.05), and 3) in premanifest subjects, basal ganglia volumes (p < 0.05). In subjects with mutant CAG expansions in the low range, increasing size of the normal repeat correlated with more severe symptoms and pathology, whereas for those subjects with expansions in the high range, increasing size of the normal repeat correlated with less severe symptoms and pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing CAG repeat size in normal HTT diminishes the association between mutant CAG repeat size and disease severity and progression in Huntington disease. The underlying mechanism may involve interaction of the polyglutamine domains of normal and mutant huntingtin (fragments) and needs further elucidation. These findings may have predictive value and are essential for the design and interpretation of future therapeutic trials.
Published: 2009

18. β-Defensin Genomic Copy Number Does Not Influence the Age of Onset in Huntington's Disease

Author: Vittori, A, Orth, M, Roos, Ra, Outeiro, Tf, Giorgini, F, Hollox, Ej, Bachoud-Levi, Ac, Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, Rm, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, Jj, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Illmann, T, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Levey, J, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Md, Nielsen, Je, Pro Koivisto, S, Piiiviirinta, M, Sebastian, Ar, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen-Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlstrom, J, Barth, K, Correia-Guedes, L, Finisterra, Am, Bascuiiana Garde, M, Betz, S, Bos, R, Ecker, D, Held, C, Koppers, K, Laura, M, Descals, Am, Mestre, T, Monza, D, Townhill, J, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Peppa, N, Rialland, A, Røren, N, Sasinkova, P, Trigo Cubillo, P, van Walsem, M, Witjes-Ane, Mn, Yudina, E, Zielonka, D, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Herranhof, B, Hod, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinge, K, Scheib, M, Hecht, K, Lilek, S, Muller, N, Schoggl, H, Ullah, J, Ribal, P, Klempff, J, Majerova, V, Roth, J, Hjermind, Le, Jakobsen, O, Vinthev-Jensen, T, Larsen, Iu, Stokholm, J, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Santala, M, Milkereit, E, Kosinski, Cm, Probst, D, Reetz, K, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Andrich, J, Ellrichmann, G, Hoffmann, R, Kaminski, B, Saft, C, Stamm, C, Lange, H, Lohle, M, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Capetian, P, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Hidding, U, Lewerenz, J, Miinchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Heinicke, W, Ribbat, M, Longinus, B, Miihlau, M, Peinemann, A, Stiidtler, M, Weindl, A, Winkelmann, J, Ziegler, C, Bechtel, N, Beckmann, H, Bohlen, S, Holzner, E, Reilmann, R, Rohm, S, Rumpf, S, Schepers, S, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Buck, A, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Schwenk, D, Siissmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Cormio, C, de Tommaso, M, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Bertini, E, Massaro, F, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, Am, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, Ferrandes, Mb, Di Maria, E, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Di Donato, S, Gellera, C, Genitrini, S, Mariotti, C, Nanetti, L, Soliveri, P, Tomasello, C, De Michele, G, Dimaio, L, Massarelli, M, Rinaldi, C, Roca, A, Rossi, F, Russo, Cv, Salvatore, E, Sorrentino, P, Tucci, T, De Nicola, A, Elifani, F, Petrollini, M, Martino, T, Lovo, F, Squitieri, F, Catalli, C, Di Giacopo, R, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Piccininni, C, Quaranta, D, Romano, S, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, de Weert, A, Bolwijn, Jj, Neurologie, P, Dekker, M, Leenders, Kl, van Oostrom JC, Dumas, Em, Jurgens, Ck, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, Kremer, B, Verstappen, Cc, van Walsem MR, Frich, J, Aaserud, O, Wehus, R, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Lorentzen, E, Koivisto, Sp, Retterstøl, L, Stokke, B, Bjørnevoll, I, Sando, Sb, Dziadkiewicz, A, Nowak, M, Robowski, P, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Szinwelski, M, Blaszczyk, M, Boczarska-Jedynak, M, Ciach-Wysocka, E, Gorzkowska, A, Jasinska-Myga, B, Opala, G, Klodowska, G, Stompel, D, Banaszkiewicz, K, Boewiriska, D, Bojakowska-Jaremek, K, Neurologii, A, Dec, M, Krawczyk, M, Rudziriska, M, Szczudlik, A, Szczygiel, E, Wasielewska, A, Wojcik, M, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Samara, H, Sempolowicz, J, Janik, P, Kalbarczyk, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Krysa, W, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Rola, R, Ryglewicz, D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, H, Sulek, A, Witkowski, G, Zdzienicka, E, Zieora-Jakutowicz, K, Coelho, M, Mendes, T, Valadas, A, Andrade, C, Joao, Ps, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, Mr, Solis, P, Herrera, Cd, Garcia, Pm, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sanchez, J, Barrero, Fj, Alonso-Frech, F, Perez, Mr, Fenollar, M, Garda, R, Rivera, Sv, Villanueva, C, Alegre, J, Bascuiiana, M, Ventura, Mf, Ribas, Gg, Moreno, Jl, Cubillo, Pt, Rufz, Pj, Frech, Fa, Dfaz, J, Guerrero, R, Artiga, Mj, Sanchez, V, Alcaraz, Lf, de Ia Arrixaca, V, Manzanares, S, Perea, Mf, Reinante, G, Arrixaca, Ia, Torres, Mm, Moreau, Lv, Barbera, Ma, Guia, Db, Hernanz, Lc, Catena, Jl, Sebastian, R, Ferrer, Pq, Carruesco, Gt, Bas, J, Busquets, N, Calopa, M, Buongiorno, Mt, Munoz, E, Elorza, Md, Lopez, Cd, Terol, Ds, Robert, Mf, Rufz, Bg, Casado, Ag, Martinez, Ih, Viladrich, Cm, Pons, R, Roca, E, Llesoy, Jr, Idiago, Jm, Vergara, Mr, Garcia, Ss, Riballo, Av, Hoglund, A, Palhagen, Se, Paucar, M, Sandstrom, B, Svenningsson, P, Reza-Soltani, Tw, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schupbach, M, Stebler, Y, Zaugg, Sw, Akhtar, S, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, de Souza, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Barker, Ra, Di Pietro, A, Fisher, K, Goodman, Ao, Hill, S, Kershaw, A, Mason, S, O'Keefe, D, Swain, R, Guzman, Nv, Busse, M, Butcher, C, Clenaghan, C, Dunnett, S, Fullam, R, Jones, L, Jones, U, Khalil, H, Minster, S, Owen, M, Hunt, S, Price, K, Rosser, A, Edwards, M, Ho, C, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Porteous, M, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Burrows, L, Chu, C, Fletcher, A, Gallantrae, D, Harding, A, Hamer, S, Kraus, A, Laver, F, Longthorpe, M, Markova, I, Raman, A, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Hobson, E, Jamieson, S, Musgrave, H, Rowett, L, Toscano, J, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Middleton, J, Patino, D, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Laing, H, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Santhouse, A, Bruno, S, Doherty, K, Lahiri, N, Novak, M, Patel, A, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Bek, J, Callaghan, J, Craufurd, D, Howard, L, Hare, M, Huson, S, Johnson, L, Jones, M, Murphy, H, Oughton, E, Partington-Janes, L, Rogers, D, Snowden, J, Sollom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Trender-Gerhard, I., Vittori, Angelica, Orth, Michael, Roos, Raymund A C, Outeiro, Tiago F, Giorgini, F, Russo, Cinzia Valeria, Flaviano, and Hollox, Edward J
Subjects: Adult, Male, Age of Onset, DNA Copy Number Variations, Female, Genotype, Humans, Huntington Disease, Middle Aged, beta-Defensins, Disease, Biology, Genetic modifier, Article, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Huntington's disease, medicine, Copy-number variation, Defensin, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, copy number variation, inflammation, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Beta defensin, Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the abnormal expansion of a CAG triplet repeat tract in the huntingtin gene. While the length of this CAG expansion is the major determinant of the age of onset (AO), other genetic factors have also been shown to play a modulatory role. Recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammations is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of HD, and that targeting this process may have important therapeutic ramifications. The human β-defensin 2 (hBD2)- encoded by DEFB4- is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits inducible expression in astrocytes during inflammation and is an important regulator of innate and adaptive immune response. Therefore, DEFB4 may contribute to the neuroinflammatory processes observed in HD. Objective: In this study we tested the hypothesis that copy number variation (CNV) of the β-defensin region, including DEFB4, modifies the AO in HD. Methods and results: We genotyped β-defensin CNV in 490 HD individuals using the paralogue ratio test and found no association between β-defensin CNV and onset of HD. Conclusions: We conclude that it is unlikely that DEFB4 plays a role in HD pathogenesis.
Published: 2013

19. Discrepancies in reporting the CAG repeat lengths for Huntington's disease

Author: Quarrell, Ow, Handley, O, O'Donovan, K, Dumoulin, C, Ramos Arroyo, M, Biunno, I, Bauer, P, Kline, M, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Barth, K, Correia Guedes, L, Maria Finisterra, A, Bascuñana Garde, M, Bos, R, Ecker, D, Held, C, Koppers, K, Laurà, M, Martínez Descals, A, Mclean, T, Mestre, T, Minster, S, Monza, D, Townhill, J, Orth, M, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Peppa, N, Koivisto, Sp, Rialland, A, Røren, N, Šašinková, P, Cubillo, Pt, van Walsem MR, Witjes Ané MN, Yudina, E, Zielonka, D, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Bachoud Lévi AC, Bentivoglio, Ar, Bonelli, R, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, Jj, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Illmann, T, Levey, J, Nielsen, Je, Päivärinta, M, Roos, Ra, Rojo Sebastián, A, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlström, J, Bonelli, Rm, Herranhof, B, Holl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Scheibl, M, Hecht, K, Lilek, S, Müller, N, Schöggl, H, Ullah, J, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Mahlknecht, P, Nocker, M, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Buratti, L, Hametner, Em, Holas, C, Hussl, A, Mair, K, Poewe, W, Wolf, E, Zangerl, A, Braunwarth, Em, Ribaï, P, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Boogaerts, A, van Reijen, D, Klempíř, J, Kucharík, M, Roth, J, Hjermind, Le, Jakobsen, O, Stokholm, J, Hasholt, L, Nørremølle, A, Sørensen, Sa, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Peippo, M, Sipponen, M, Kosinski, Cm, Milkereit, E, Probst, D, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Prüss, H, Spruth, Ej, Andrich, J, Hoffmann, R, Kraus, Ph, Muth, S, Prehn, C, Saft, C, Salmen, S, Stamm, C, Steiner, T, Strassburger, K, Lange, H, Friedrich, A, Hunger, U, Löhle, M, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Hidding, U, Lewerenz, J, Münchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Uni, M, Bürk, K, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Bechtel, N, Beckmann, H, Bohlen, S, Hölzner, E, Reilmann, R, Rohm, S, Rumpf, S, Schepers, S, Beister, A, Dose, M, Hammer, K, Kieni, J, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Richter, S, Selimbegovic Turkovic, A, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Wiedemann, A, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Süssmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Cormio, C, Difruscolo, O, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, de Tommaso, M, Capellari, S, Cortelli, P, Gallassi, R, Poda, R, Rizzo, G, Scaglione, C, Bertini, E, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Massaro, F, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, Am, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, Bandettini di Poggio, M, Di Maria, E, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Bella, D, Di Donato, S, Gellera, C, Genitrini, S, Mariotti, C, Nanetti, L, Paridi, D, Soliveri, P, Tomasello, C, De Michele, G, Di Maio, L, Rinaldi, C, Valeria Russo, C, Salvatore, E, Tucci, T, Cannella, M, Codella, V, De Gregorio, F, De Nicola, N, Martino, T, Simonelli, M, Squitieri, F, Catalli, C, Di Giacopo, R, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Modoni, A, Piano, C, Piccininni, C, Quaranta, D, Romano, Silvia, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, Marit de Weert, A, Bolwijn, Jj, Dekker, M, Leenders, Kl, van Oostrom JC, Dumas, Em, Jurgens, Ck, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, Kremer, B, Verstappen, Cc, Aaserud, O, Wehus, R, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Retterstøl, L, Overland, T, Stokke, B, Bjørnevoll, I, Sando, Sb, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, Kodowska Duda, G, Banaszkiewicz, K, Szczudlik, A, Rudziñska, M, Wójcik, M, Dec, M, Krawczyk, M, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Sempoowicz, J, Samara, H, Janik, P, Kalbarczyk, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Ryglewicz, D, Witkowski, G, Zdzienicka, E, Suek, A, Krysa, W, Guedes, L, Coelho, M, Mendes, T, Valadas, A, Cavaco, S, Damásio, J, Magalhães, M, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, Mr, Barrero, F, Morales, B, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, Alonso Frech, F, Rabasa Perez, M, Fenollar, M, García, R, Quiroga, Pp, Vázquez Rivera, S, Villanueva, C, Bascuñana, M, Fatás Ventura, M, García Ribas, G, García de Yébenes, J, López Sendón Moreno JL, García Ruíz PJ, José Saiz Artiga, M, Sánchez, V, Noguera Perea, F, Lorenza, F, Torres, Mm, Reinante, G, Vivancos Moreau, L, Barbera, Ma, Badenes Guia, D, Hernanz, Lc, Catena, Jl, Ferrer, Pq, Tome Carruesco, G, Bas, J, Busquets, N, Calopa, M, Dalmau Elorza, M, Díez, C, López, A, Durán, S, Terol, S, Floriach Robert, M, Garzón Ruíz, B, González Casado, A, Haro Martínez, I, Viladrich, Cm, Càrdenas R, Pons i., Roca, E, Llesoy, Jr, Ruiz Idiago JM, Ruíz Vergara, M, Soriano García, S, Villa Riballo, A, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Arques, Pn, Torres Rodríguez MJ, Vives, B, Gaston, I, Bosca, M, Burguera, Ja, Garcia, Ac, Pålhagen, Se, Paucar, M, Svenningsson, P, Walldén Reza Soltani, T, Höglund, A, Sandström, B, Høsterey Ugander, U, Fredlund, G, Constantinescu, R, Neleborn Lingefjärd, L, Tedroff, J, Esmaeilzadeh, M, Winnberg, E, Burgunder, Y, Stebler, Y, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Zaugg, Sw, Jack, R, Matheson, K, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, de Souza, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Barker, Ra, Di Pietro, A, Fisher, K, Goodman, A, Hill, S, Kershaw, A, Mason, S, Paterson, N, Raymond, L, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Clenaghan, C, Ellison Rose, L, Hunt, S, Price, K, Rosser, A, Edwards, M, Hughes, T, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Porteous, M, Smith, P, Zeman, A, Causley, A, Harrower, T, Howcroft, D, Lambord, N, Rankin, J, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Miller, J, Ritchie, S, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Harding, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Barnes, K, Chu, C, Hobson, E, Jamieson, S, Markova, I, Thomson, J, Toscano, J, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Bourne, C, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Clapton, J, Grant, J, Gross, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Murch, A, Patino, D, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Henley, S, Lahiri, N, Novak, M, Patel, A, Read, J, Rosser, E, Say, M, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Callaghan, J, Craufurd, D, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Oughton, E, Partington Jones, L, Snowden, J, Sollom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Trender Gerhad, I, Verstraelen, N, Westmoreland, L, Nemeth, Ah, Suida, G, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Gill, P, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Tidswell, K., Kaelin, André, Quarrel O.W., Handley O., O'Donovan K., Dumoulin C., Ramos-Arroyo M., Biunno I., Bauer P., Kline M., Capellari S., Cortelli P., Gallassi R., Landwehrmeyer G.B., European Huntington's Disease Network., Neurology, Clinical sciences, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Quarrell, Ow, Handley, O, O'Donovan, K, Dumoulin, C, Ramos Arroyo, M, Biunno, I, Bauer, P, Kline, M, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, European Huntington's Disease, Network, European Huntington's Disease, N. e. t. w. o. r. k., Rinaldi, Carlo, Salvatore, Elena, and DE MICHELE, Giuseppe
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Concordance, International Cooperation, Diagnostic Errors/statistics & numerical data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Guidelines as Topic, Bioinformatics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Huntingtin Gene, Huntington's disease, Trinucleotide Repeats, Internal medicine, External quality assessment, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics, Diagnostic laboratory, Genetic Testing, Genetic Testing/methods/standards, Allele, Diagnostic Errors, standard reference material, Genetics (clinical), Alleles, Huntingtin Protein, ddc:618, business.industry, international cooperation, Nuclear Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, Reference Standards, medicine.disease, CAG repeat length, Nuclear Proteins/genetics, Huntington Disease, Huntington Disease/diagnosis, Mutation, Medical genetics, reproducibility of results, mutation, business, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, Huntington Disease/diagnosis/genetics, Genetic Testing/methods
Abstract: Huntington's disease results from a CAG repeat expansion within the Huntingtin gene; this is measured routinely in diagnostic laboratories. The European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY project centrally measures CAG repeat lengths on fresh samples; these were compared with the original results from 121 laboratories across 15 countries. We report on 1326 duplicate results; a discrepancy in reporting the upper allele occurred in 51% of cases, this reduced to 13.3% and 9.7% when we applied acceptable measurement errors proposed by the American College of Medical Genetics and the Draft European Best Practice Guidelines, respectively. Duplicate results were available for 1250 lower alleles; discrepancies occurred in 40% of cases. Clinically significant discrepancies occurred in 4.0% of cases with a potential unexplained misdiagnosis rate of 0.3%. There was considerable variation in the discrepancy rate among 10 of the countries participating in this study. Out of 1326 samples, 348 were re-analysed by an accredited diagnostic laboratory, based in Germany, with concordance rates of 93% and 94% for the upper and lower alleles, respectively. This became 100% if the acceptable measurement errors were applied. The central laboratory correctly reported allele sizes for six standard reference samples, blind to the known result. Our study differs from external quality assessment (EQA) schemes in that these are duplicate results obtained from a large sample of patients across the whole diagnostic range. We strongly recommend that laboratories state an error rate for their measurement on the report, participate in EQA schemes and use reference materials regularly to adjust their own internal standards.
Published: 2012

20. NMDA receptor gene variations as modifiers in Huntington disease

Author: Saft, C, Epplen, Jt, Wieczorek, S, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Roos, Ra, de Yebenes JG, Dose, M, Tabrizi, Sj, Craufurd, D, Arning, L, Barth, K, Bascuñana Garde, M, Bos, R, Ecker, D, Handley, O, Heinonen, N, Held, C, Laurà, M, Martínez Descals, A, Mestre, T, Monza, D, Naji, J, Orth, M, Padieu, H, Pro Koivisto, S, Rialland, A, Sasinková, P, Trigo Cubillo, P, van Walsem, M, Witjes Ané MN, Zielonka, D, Bonelli, R, Herranhof, B, Hödl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinge, K, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Mahlknecht, P, Nocker, M, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Ribaï, P, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Klempíř, J, Kucharik, M, Roth, J, Hasholt, L, Hjermind, L, Jakobsen, O, Nielsen, J, Nørremølle, A, Sørensen, S, Stokholm, J, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Kosinski, C, Probst, D, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, C, Lange, H, Löhle, M, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Münchau, A, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Bohlen, S, Reilmann, R, Beister, A, Hammer, K, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Wiedemann, A, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Trautmann, S, Cormio, C, Difruscolo, O, de Tommaso, M, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Bertini, E, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Romoli, M, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, Di Maria, E, Bandettini di Poggio Giovanna Ferrandes, M, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Donato, S, Mariotti, C, Soliveri, P, Gellera, C, Tomasello, C, Nanetti, L, Luigi, D, De Michele, G, Rinaldi, C, Russo, C, Salvatore, E, Tucci, T, Squitieri, F, Martino, T, Orobello, S, Alberti, S, De Gregorio, F, Codella, V, De Nicola, N, Maglione, V, Bentivoglio, A, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Romano, Silvia, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Zinzi, P, Heiberg, A, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Retterstøl, L, Bjørnevoll, I, Botne Sando, S, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Sitek, E, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, Szczudlik, A, Rudzińska, M, Wójcik, M, Banaszkiewicz, K, Krawczyk, M, Marcinkowski, J, Ciesielska, A, Sempołowicz, J, Bryl, A, Klimberg, A, Janik, P, Kalbarczyk, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Witkowski, G, Ryglewicz, D, Antczak, J, Rakowicz, M, Jachinska, K, Zdzienicka, E, Richter, P, Zaremba, J, Coelho, M, Ferreira, J, Rosa, M, Valadas, A, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, M, Barrero, F, Morales, B, López Sendón Moreno, J, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, García, R, Villanueva, C, Pin Quiroga, P, Bascuñana, M, Fatàas, M, Luis López Moreno, J, García Ribas, G, Schwarz, C, de Yébenes JG, José Saiz Artiga, M, García Ruíz, P, Sánchez, V, Fortuna Alcaraz, L, Fuensanta Noguera Perea, M, Martirio Antequera Torres, M, Vivancos Moreau, L, Rojo Sebastian, A, Aguilar Barbera, M, Badenes Guia, D, Casas Hernanz, L, Tome Carruesco, G, Suarez San Martin, E, López Catena, J, Bas, J, Calopa, M, Busquets, N, Navas Arques, P, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, José Torres Rodríguez, M, Vives, B, Carrillo, F, Mir, P, José Lama Suarez, M, Loutfi, G, Stattin, El, Westman, L, Wikström, B, Pålhagen, S, Björnsson, E, Burgunder, Jm, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Weber Zaugg, S, van Hout, M, van Vugt, J, Marit de Weert, A, Bolwijn, Jj, Dekker, M, Leenders, Kl, van Oostrom JC, Dumas, E, Jurgens, C, van den Bogaard SA, Roos, R, Kremer, B, Verstappen, Cc, de Souza, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Barker, R, Fisher, K, Goyder Goodman, A, Hill, S, Kershaw, A, Mason, S, Paterson, N, Raymond, L, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Ellison Rose, L, Hunt, S, Price, K, Rosser, A, Dunnett, S, Edwards, M, De Sousa, P, Hughes, T, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Porteous, M, Smith, P, Zeman, A, Lambord, N, Rankin, J, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Patton, M, Patterson, M, Bourne, C, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Clapton, J, Grant, J, Gross, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Murch, A, Patino, D, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Lahiri, N, Novak, M, Patel, A, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Partington Jones, L, Verstraelen, N, Snowden, J, Sollom, A, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Westmoreland, L, Nemeth, A, Siuda, G, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Tidswell, K, and Quarrell, O.
Subjects: Genetics, biology, business.industry, Medicine (miscellaneous), Disease, Bioinformatics, Huntington Disease, Cohort, biology.protein, Medicine, GRIN2A, NMDA receptor, GRIN2B, business, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, Gene, Modifier Genes
Abstract: Several candidate modifier genes which, in addition to the pathogenic CAG repeat expansion, influence the age at onset (AO) in Huntington disease (HD) have already been described. The aim of this study was to replicate association of variations in the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype genes GRIN2A and GRIN2B in the "REGISTRY" cohort from the European Huntington Disease Network (EHDN). The analyses did replicate the association reported between the GRIN2A rs2650427 variation and AO in the entire cohort. Yet, when subjects were stratified by AO subtypes, we found nominally significant evidence for an association of the GRIN2A rs1969060 variation and the GRIN2B rs1806201 variation. These findings further implicate the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype genes as loci containing variation associated with AO in HD.
Published: 2011

21. Poster 8: Reliability of the Problem Behaviours Assessment for HD (short version)–Data From the TRACK-HD Study

Author: Callaghan, J., primary, Arran, N., additional, Boisse, M.F., additional, Coleman, A., additional, Dar Santos, R., additional, Dumas, E., additional, 't Hart, E., additional, Justo, D., additional, Read, J., additional, and Say, M., additional
Published: 2010
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22. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression

Author: Davina J Hensman Moss, Antonio F Pardiñas, Douglas Langbehn, Kitty Lo, Blair R Leavitt, Raymund Roos, Alexandra Durr, Simon Mead, Peter Holmans, Lesley Jones, Sarah J Tabrizi, A Coleman, R Dar Santos, J Decolongon, A Sturrock, E Bardinet, C Jauff Ret, D Justo, S Lehericy, C Marelli, K Nigaud, R Valabrègue, SJA van den Bogaard, E M Dumas, J van der Grond, EP t'Hart, C Jurgens, M-N Witjes-Ane, N Arran, J Callaghan, C Stopford, C Frost, R Jones, N Hobbs, N Lahiri, R Ordidge, G Owen, T Pepple, J Read, M Say, E Wild, A Patel, N C Fox, C Gibbard, I Malone, H Crawford, D Whitehead, S Keenan, D M Cash, C Berna, N Bechtel, S Bohlen, A Hoff Man, P Kraus, E Axelson, C Wang, T Acharya, S Lee, W Monaco, C Campbell, S Queller, K Whitlock, M Campbell, E Frajman, C Milchman, A O'Regan, I Labuschagne, J Stout, B Landwehrmeyer, D Craufurd, R Scahill, S Hicks, C Kennard, H Johnson, A Tobin, HD Rosas, R Reilmann, B Borowsky, C Pourchot, S C Andrews, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Ida Biunno, Raphael Bonelli, Jean-Marc Burgunder, Stephen Dunnett, Joaquim Ferreira, Olivia Handley, Arvid Heiberg, Torsten Illmann, G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Jamie Levey, Maria A. Ramos-Arroyo, Jørgen Nielsen, Susana Pro Koivisto, Markku Päivärinta, Raymund A.C. Roos, A Rojo Sebastián, Sarah Tabrizi, Wim Vandenberghe, Christine Verellen-Dumoulin, Tereza Uhrova, Jan Wahlström, Jacek Zaremba, Verena Baake, Katrin Barth, Monica Bascuñana Garde, Sabrina Betz, Reineke Bos, Jenny Callaghan, Adrien Come, Leonor Correia Guedes, Daniel Ecker, Ana Maria Finisterra, Ruth Fullam, Mette Gilling, Lena Gustafsson, Olivia J Handley, Carina Hvalstedt, Christine Held, Kerstin Koppers, Claudia Lamanna, Matilde Laurà, Asunción Martínez Descals, Saül Martinez-Horta, Tiago Mestre, Sara Minster, Daniela Monza, Lisanne Mütze, Martin Oehmen, Michael Orth, Hélène Padieu, Laurent Paterski, Nadia Peppa, Martina Di Renzo, Amandine Rialland, Niini Røren, Pavla Šašinková, Erika Timewell, Jenny Townhill, Patricia Trigo Cubillo, Wildson Vieira da Silva, Marleen R van Walsem, Carina Whalstedt, Marie-Noelle Witjes-Ané, Grzegorz Witkowski, Abigail Wright, Daniel Zielonka, Eugeniusz Zielonka, Paola Zinzi, Raphael M. Bonelli, Sabine Lilek, Karen Hecht, Brigitte Herranhof, Anna Holl, Hans-Peter Kapfhammer, Michael Koppitz, Markus Magnet, Nicole Müller, Daniela Otti, Annamaria Painold, Karin Reisinger, Monika Scheibl, Helmut Schöggl, Jasmin Ullah, Eva-Maria Braunwarth, Florian Brugger, Lisa Buratti, Eva-Maria Hametner, Caroline Hepperger, Christiane Holas, Anna Hotter, Anna Hussl, Christoph Müller, Werner Poewe, Klaus Seppi, Fabienne Sprenger, Gregor Wenning, Andrea Boogaerts, Godelinde Calmeyn, Isabelle Delvaux, Dirk Liessens, Nele Somers, Michel Dupuit, Cécile Minet, Dominique van Paemel, Pascale Ribaï, Dimphna van Reijen, Jirí Klempír, Veronika Majerová, Jan Roth, Irena Stárková, Lena E. Hjermind, Oda Jacobsen, Jørgen E. Nielsen, Ida Unmack Larsen, Tua Vinther-Jensen, Heli Hiivola, Hannele Hyppönen, Kirsti Martikainen, Katri Tuuha, Philippe Allain, Dominique Bonneau, Marie Bost, Bénédicte Gohier, Marie-Anne Guérid, Audrey Olivier, Adriana Prundean, Clarisse Scherer-Gagou, Christophe Verny, Blandine Babiloni, Sabrina Debruxelles, Charlotte Duché, Cyril Goizet, Laetitia Jameau, Danielle Lafoucrière, Umberto Spampinato, Rekha Barthélémy, Christelle De Bruycker, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie Carette, Eric Decorte Luc Defebvre, Marie Delliaux, Arnaud Delval, Alain Destee, Kathy Dujardin, Marie-Hélène Lemaire, Sylvie Manouvrier, Mireille Peter, Lucie Plomhouse, Bernard Sablonnière, Clémence Simonin, Stéphanie Thibault-Tanchou, Isabelle Vuillaume, Marcellin Bellonet, Hassan Berrissoul, Stéphanie Blin, Françoise Courtin, Cécile Duru, Véronique Fasquel, Olivier Godefroy, Pierre Krystkowiak, Béatrice Mantaux, Martine Roussel, Sandrine Wannepain, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Marie Delfini, Alexandre Eusebio, Frédérique Fluchere, Laura Mundler, Mathieu Anheim, Celine Julié, Ouhaid Lagha Boukbiza, Nadine Longato, Gabrielle Rudolf, Christine Tranchant, Marie-Agathe Zimmermann, Christoph Michael Kosinski, Eva Milkereit, Daniela Probst, Kathrin Reetz, Christian Sass, Johannes Schiefer, Christiane Schlangen, Cornelius J. Werner, Harald Gelderblom, Josef Priller, Harald Prüß, Eike Jakob Spruth, Gisa Ellrichmann, Lennard Herrmann, Rainer Hoffmann, Barbara Kaminski, Peter Kotz, Christian Prehn, Carsten Saft, Herwig Lange, Robert Maiwald, Matthias Löhle, Antonia Maass, Simone Schmidt, Cecile Bosredon, Alexander Storch, Annett Wolz, Martin Wolz, Philipp Capetian, Johann Lambeck, Birgit Zucker, Kai Boelmans, Christos Ganos, Walburgis Heinicke, Ute Hidding, Jan Lewerenz, Alexander Münchau, Jenny Schmalfeld, Lars Stubbe, Simone Zittel, Gabriele Diercks, Dirk Dressler, Heike Gorzolla, Christoph Schrader, Pawel Tacik, Michael Ribbat, Bernhard Longinus, Katrin Bürk, Jens Carsten Möller, Ida Rissling, Mark Mühlau, Alexander Peinemann, Michael Städtler, Adolf Weindl, Juliane Winkelmann, Cornelia Ziegler, Natalie Bechtel, Heike Beckmann, Stefan Bohlen, Eva Hölzner, Ralf Reilmann, Stefanie Rohm, Silke Rumpf, Sigrun Schepers, Natalia Weber, Matthias Dose, Gabriele Leythäuser, Ralf Marquard, Tina Raab, Alexandra Wiedemann, Andrea Buck, Julia Connemann, Carolin Geitner, Andrea Kesse, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Christina Lang, Franziska Lezius, Solveig Nepper, Anke Niess, Ariane Schneider, Daniela Schwenk, Sigurd Süßmuth, Sonja Trautmann, Patrick Weydt, Claudia Cormio, Vittorio Sciruicchio, Claudia Serpino, Marina de Tommaso, Sabina Capellari, Pietro Cortelli, Roberto Galassi, Giovanni Rizzo, Roberto Poda, Cesa Scaglione, Elisabetta Bertini, Elena Ghelli, Andrea Ginestroni, Francesca Massaro, Claudia Mechi, Marco Paganini, Silvia Piacentini, Silvia Pradella, Anna Maria Romoli, Sandro Sorbi, Giovanni Abbruzzese, Monica Bandettini di Poggio, Giovanna Ferrandes, Paola Mandich, Roberta Marchese, Alberto Albanese, Daniela Di Bella, Anna Castaldo, Stefano Di Donato, Cinzia Gellera, Silvia Genitrini, Caterina Mariotti, Lorenzo Nanetti, Dominga Paridi, Paola Soliveri, Chiara Tomasello, Giuseppe De Michele, Luigi Di Maio, Marco Massarelli, Silvio Peluso, Alessandro Roca, Cinzia Valeria Russo, Elena Salvatore, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Enrico Amico, Mariagrazia Favellato, Annamaria Griguoli, Irene Mazzante, Martina Petrollini, Ferdinando Squitieri, Barbara D'Alessio, Chiara Esposito, Rita Bentivoglio, Marina Frontali, Arianna Guidubaldi, Tamara Ialongo, Gioia Jacopini, Carla Piano, Silvia Romano, Francesco Soleti, Maria Spadaro, Monique S.E. van Hout, Marloes E. Verhoeven, Jeroen P.P. van Vugt, A. Marit de Weert, J.J.W. Bolwijn, M. Dekker, B. Kremer, K.L. Leenders, J.C.H. van Oostrom, Simon J.A. van den Bogaard, Eve M. Dumas, Ellen P. 't Hart, Berry Kremer, C.C.P. Verstappen, Olaf Aaserud, Jan Frich C, Ragnhild Wehus, Kathrine Bjørgo, Madeleine Fannemel, Per F. Gørvell, Eirin Lorentzen, Lars Retterstøl, Bodil Stokke, Inga Bjørnevoll, Sigrid Botne Sando, Artur Dziadkiewicz, Malgorzata Nowak, Piotr Robowski, Emilia Sitek, Jaroslaw Slawek, Witold Soltan, Michal Szinwelski, Magdalena Blaszcyk, Magdalena Boczarska-Jedynak, Ewelina Ciach-Wysocka, Agnieszka Gorzkowska, Barbara Jasinska-Myga, Gabriela Klodowska-Duda, Gregorz Opala, Daniel Stompel, Krzysztof Banaszkiewicz, Dorota Bocwinska, Kamila Bojakowska-Jaremek, Malgorzata Dec, Malgorzata Krawczyk, Monika Rudzinska, Elzbieta Szczygiel, Andrzej Szczudlik, Anna Wasielewska, Magdalena Wójcik, Anna Bryl, Anna Ciesielska, Aneta Klimberg, Jerzy Marcinkowski, Husam Samara, Justyna Sempolowicz, Anna Gogol, Piotr Janik, Hubert Kwiecinski, Zygmunt Jamrozik, Jakub Antczak, Katarzyna Jachinska, Wioletta Krysa, Maryla Rakowicz, Przemyslaw Richter, Rafal Rola, Danuta Ryglewicz, Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Iwona Stepniak, Anna Sulek, Elzbieta Zdzienicka, Karolina Zieora-Jakutowicz, Joaquim J Ferreira, Miguel Coelho, Tiago Mendes, Anabela Valadas, Carlos Andrade, Miguel Gago, Carolina Garrett, Maria Rosália Guerra, Carmen Durán Herrera, Patrocinio Moreno Garcia, Miquel Aguilar Barbera, Dolors Badenes Guia, Laura Casas Hernanz, Judit López Catena, Pilar Quiléz Ferrer, Ana Rojo Sebastián, Gemma Tome Carruesco, Jordi Bas, Núria Busquets, Matilde Calopa, Misericordia Floriach Robert, Celia Mareca Viladrich, Jesús Miguel Ruiz Idiago, Antonio Villa Riballo, Esther Cubo, Cecilia Gil Polo, Natividad Mariscal, Perez Jessica Rivadeneyra, Francisco Barrero, Blas Morales, María Fenollar, Rocío García-Ramos García, Paloma Ortega, Clara Villanueva, Javier Alegre, Mónica Bascuñana, Juan Garcia Caldentey, Marta Fatás Ventura, Guillermo García Ribas, Justo García de Yébenes, José Luis López-Sendón Moreno, Fernando Alonso Frech, Pedro J García Ruíz, Asunción Martínez-Descals, Rosa Guerrero, María José Saiz Artiga, Vicenta Sánchez, María Fuensanta Noguera Perea, Lorenza Fortuna, Salvadora Manzanares, Gema Reinante, María Martirio Antequera Torres, Laura Vivancos Moreau, Sonia González González, Luis Menéndez Guisasola, Carlos Salvador, Esther Suaréz San Martín, Inés Legarda Ramirez, Aranzazú Gorospe, Mónica Rodriguez Lopera, Penelope Navas Arques, María José Torres Rodríguez, Barbara Vives Pastor, Itziar Gaston, Maria Dolores Martinez-Jaurrieta, Jose Manuel Garcia Moreno, Carolina Mendez Lucena, Fatima Damas, Hermoso Eva Pacheco Cortegana, José Chacón Peña, Luis Redondo, Fátima Carrillo, María Teresa Cáceres, Pablo Mir, María José Lama Suarez, Laura Vargas-González, Maria E. Bosca, Francisco Castera Brugada, Juan Andres Burguera, Anabel Campos, Garcia Carmen Peiró Vilaplana, Peter Berglund, Radu Constantinescu, Gunnel Fredlund, Ulrika Høsterey-Ugander, Petra Linnsand, Liselotte Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Magnus Wentzel, Ghada Loutfi, Carina Olofsson, Eva-Lena Stattin, Laila Westman, Birgitta Wikström, Yanik Stebler, Alain Kaelin, Irene Romero, Michael Schüpbach, Sabine Weber Zaugg, Maria Hauer, Roman Gonzenbach, Hans H. Jung, Violeta Mihaylova, Jens Petersen, Roisin Jack, Kirsty Matheson, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Daniela Rae, Sheila A Simpson, Fiona Summers, Alexandra Ure, Vivien Vaughan, Shahbana Akhtar, Jenny Crooks, Adrienne Curtis, Jenny de Souza, John Piedad, Hugh Rickards, Jan Wright, Elizabeth Coulthard, Louise Gethin, Beverley Hayward, Kasia Sieradzan, Matthew Armstrong, Roger A. Barker, Deidre O'Keefe, Anna Di Pietro, Kate Fisher, Anna Goodman, Susan Hill, Ann Kershaw, Sarah Mason, Nicole Paterson, Lucy Raymond, Rachel Swain, Natalie Valle Guzman, Monica Busse, Cynthia Butcher, Catherine Clenaghan, Sarah Hunt, Una Jones, Hanan Khalil, Michael Owen, Kathleen Price, Anne Rosser, Maureen Edwards, Carrie Ho, Teresa Hughes, Marie McGill, Pauline Pearson, Mary Porteous, Paul Smith, Peter Brockie, Jillian Foster, Nicola Johns, Sue McKenzie, Jean Rothery, Gareth Thomas, Shona Yates, Liz Burrows, Carol Chu, Amy Fletcher, Deena Gallantrae, Stephanie Hamer, Alison Harding, Stefan Klöppel, Alison Kraus, Fiona Laver, Monica Lewis, Mandy Longthorpe, Ivana Markova, Ashok Raman, Nicola Robertson, Mark Silva, Aileen Thomson, Sue Wild, Pam Yardumian, Carole Evans, Deena Gallentrae, Emma Hobson, Stuart Jamieson, Hannah Musgrave, Liz Rowett, Jean Toscano, Colin Bourne, Jackie Clapton, Carole Clayton, Heather Dipple, Dawn Freire-Patino, Janet Grant, Diana Gross, Caroline Hallam, Julia Middleton, Ann Murch, Catherine Thompson, Sundus Alusi, Rhys Davies, Kevin Foy, Emily Gerrans, Louise Pate, Thomasin Andrews, Andrew Dougherty, Charlotte Golding, Fred Kavalier, Hana Laing, Alison Lashwood, Dene Robertson, Deborah Ruddy, Alastair Santhouse, Anna Whaite, Stefania Bruno, Karen Doherty, Salman Haider, Davina Hensman, Nayana Lahiri, Marianne Novak, Aakta Patel, Elisabeth Rosser, Rachel Taylor, Thomas Warner, Edward Wild, Natalie Arran, Judith Bek, David Craufurd, Marianne Hare, Liz Howard, Susan Huson, Liz Johnson, Mary Jones, Helen Murphy, Emma Oughton, Lucy Partington-Jones, Dawn Rogers, Andrea Sollom, Julie Snowden, Cheryl Stopford, Jennifer Thompson, Iris Trender-Gerhard, Nichola Verstraelen, Leann Westmoreland, Richard Armstrong, Kathryn Dixon, Andrea H Nemeth, Gill Siuda, Ruth Valentine, David Harrison, Max Hughes, Andrew Parkinson, Beverley Soltysiak, Oliver Bandmann, Alyson Bradbury, Paul Gill, Helen Fairtlough, Kay Fillingham, Isabella Foustanos, Mbombe Kazoka, Kirsty O'Donovan, Cat Taylor, Katherine Tidswell, Oliver Quarrell, Puay Ngoh Lau, Emmanul Pica, Louis Tan, Univ Angers, Okina, Moss, Davina J. Hensman, Tabrizi, Sarah J, Mead, Simon, Kitty, Lo, Pardiã±as, Antonio F, Holmans, Peter, Jones, Lesley, Langbehn, Dougla, Coleman, A., Santos, R. Dar, Decolongon, J., Sturrock, A., Bardinet, E., Ret, C. Jauff, Justo, D., Lehericy, S., Marelli, C., Nigaud, K., Valabrãgue, R., van den Bogaard, S. J. A., Dumas, E. M., van der Grond, J., T'Hart, E. P., Jurgens, C., Witjes-Ane, M. -. N., Arran, N., Callaghan, J., Stopford, C., Frost, C., Jones, R., Hobbs, N., Lahiri, N., Ordidge, R., Owen, G., Pepple, T., Read, J., Say, M., Wild, E., Patel, A., Fox, N. C., Gibbard, C., Malone, I., Crawford, H., Whitehead, D., Keenan, S., Cash, D. M., Berna, C., Bechtel, N., Bohlen, S., Man, A. Hoff, Kraus, P., Axelson, E., Wang, C., Acharya, T., Lee, S., Monaco, W., Campbell, C., Queller, S., Whitlock, K., Campbell, M., Frajman, E., Milchman, C., O'Regan, A., Labuschagne, I., Stout, J., Landwehrmeyer, B., Craufurd, D., Scahill, R., Hicks, S., Kennard, C., Johnson, H., Tobin, A., Rosas, H. D., Reilmann, R., Borowsky, B., Pourchot, C., Andrews, S. C., Bachoud-LÃ©vi, Anne-Catherine, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Biunno, Ida, Bonelli, Raphael, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, Dunnett, Stephen, Ferreira, Joaquim, Handley, Olivia, Heiberg, Arvid, Illmann, Torsten, Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard, Levey, Jamie, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria A., Nielsen, Jã¸rgen, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Pã¤ivã¤rinta, Markku, Roos, Raymund A. C., Sebastiã¡n, A. Rojo, Tabrizi, Sarah, Vandenberghe, Wim, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Uhrova, Tereza, Wahlstrã¶m, Jan, Zaremba, Jacek, Baake, Verena, Barth, Katrin, Garde, Monica BascuÃ±ana, Betz, Sabrina, Bos, Reineke, Callaghan, Jenny, Come, Adrien, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ecker, Daniel, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Fullam, Ruth, Gilling, Mette, Gustafsson, Lena, Handley, Olivia J, Hvalstedt, Carina, Held, Christine, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurã , Matilde, Descals, AsunciÃ³n MartÃnez, Martinez-Horta, Saã¼l, Mestre, Tiago, Minster, Sara, Monza, Daniela, Mã¼tze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Orth, Michael, Padieu, Hã©lãne, Paterski, Laurent, Peppa, Nadia, Di Renzo, Martina, Rialland, Amandine, Rã¸ren, Niini, Å aå¡inkovã¡, Pavla, Timewell, Erika, Townhill, Jenny, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, da Silva, Wildson Vieira, van Walsem, Marleen R, Whalstedt, Carina, Witjes-AnÃ©, Marie-Noelle, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Wright, Abigail, Zielonka, Daniel, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Zinzi, Paola, Bonelli, Raphael M., Lilek, 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Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duchã©, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucriãre, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Barthã©lã©my, Rekha, De Bruycker, Christelle, Carette, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie, Defebvre, Eric Decorte Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Destee, Alain, Dujardin, Kathy, Lemaire, Marie-HÃ©lÃne, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhouse, Lucie, Sablonniãre, Bernard, Simonin, Clã©mence, Thibault-Tanchou, Stã©phanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Berrissoul, Hassan, Blin, Stã©phanie, Courtin, Franã§oise, Duru, Cã©cile, Fasquel, Vã©ronique, Godefroy, Olivier, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Mantaux, Bã©atrice, Roussel, Martine, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frã©dã©rique, Mundler, Laura, Anheim, Mathieu, Juliã©, Celine, Boukbiza, Ouhaid Lagha, Longato, Nadine, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Tranchant, Christine, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, 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Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Hã¶lzner, Eva, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Natalia, Dose, Matthia, Leythã¤user, Gabriele, Marquard, Ralf, Raab, Tina, Wiedemann, Alexandra, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Geitner, Carolin, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lang, Christina, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Sã¼ã muth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Weydt, Patrick, Cormio, Claudia, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, de Tommaso, Marina, Capellari, Sabina, Cortelli, Pietro, Galassi, Roberto, Rizzo, Giovanni, Poda, Roberto, Scaglione, Cesa, Bertini, Elisabetta, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Massaro, Francesca, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Romoli, Anna Maria, Sorbi, Sandro, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, di Poggio, Monica Bandettini, Ferrandes, Giovanna, Mandich, Paola, Roberta, Marchese, Albanese, Alberto, Di Bella, Daniela, Castaldo, Anna, Di Donato, Stefano, Gellera, Cinzia, Genitrini, Silvia, Mariotti, Caterina, Nanetti, Lorenzo, Paridi, Dominga, Soliveri, Paola, Tomasello, Chiara, De Michele, Giuseppe, Di Maio, Luigi, Massarelli, Marco, Peluso, Silvio, Roca, Alessandro, Russo, Cinzia Valeria, Salvatore, Elena, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Amico, Enrico, Favellato, Mariagrazia, Griguoli, Annamaria, Mazzante, Irene, Petrollini, Martina, Squitieri, Ferdinando, D'Alessio, Barbara, Esposito, Chiara, Bentivoglio, Rita, Frontali, Marina, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Ialongo, Tamara, Jacopini, Gioia, Piano, Carla, Romano, Silvia, Soleti, Francesco, Spadaro, Maria, van Hout, Monique S. E., Verhoeven, Marloes E., van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., de Weert, A. Marit, Bolwijn, J. J. W., Dekker, M., Kremer, B., Leenders, K. L., van Oostrom, J. C. H., van den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Dumas, Eve M., â t Hart, Ellen P., Kremer, Berry, Verstappen, C. C. P., Aaserud, Olaf, Jan Frich, C., Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjã¸rgo, Kathrine, Fannemel, Madeleine, Gã¸rvell, Per F., Lorentzen, Eirin, Retterstã¸l, Lar, Stokke, Bodil, Bjã¸rnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Blaszcyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Opala, Gregorz, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Bocwinska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Malgorzata, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Rudzinska, Monika, Szczygiel, Elzbieta, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Wasielewska, Anna, Wã³jcik, Magdalena, Bryl, Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempolowicz, Justyna, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, Ryglewicz, Danuta, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Stepniak, Iwona, Sulek, Anna, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, Zieora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, Ferreira, Joaquim J, Coelho, Miguel, Mendes, Tiago, Valadas, Anabela, Andrade, Carlo, Gago, Miguel, Garrett, Carolina, Guerra, Maria RosÃ¡lia, Herrera, Carmen DurÃ¡n, Garcia, Patrocinio Moreno, Barbera, Miquel Aguilar, Guia, Dolors Badene, Hernanz, Laura Casa, Catena, Judit LÃ³pez, Ferrer, Pilar QuilÃ©z, Sebastiã¡n, Ana Rojo, Carruesco, Gemma Tome, Bas, Jordi, Busquets, Nãºria, Calopa, Matilde, Robert, Misericordia Floriach, Viladrich, Celia Mareca, Idiago, JesÃºs Miguel Ruiz, Riballo, Antonio Villa, Cubo, Esther, Polo, Cecilia Gil, Mariscal, Natividad, Rivadeneyra, Perez Jessica, Barrero, Francisco, Morales, Bla, Fenollar, Marãa, Garcãa, RocÃo GarcÃa-Ramo, Ortega, Paloma, Villanueva, Clara, Alegre, Javier, Bascuã±ana, Mã³nica, Caldentey, Juan Garcia, Ventura, Marta FatÃ¡, Ribas, Guillermo GarcÃa, de YÃ©benes, Justo GarcÃa, Moreno, JosÃ© Luis LÃ³pez-SendÃ³n, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Ruãz, Pedro J. GarcÃa, MartÃnez-Descals, Asunciã³n, Guerrero, Rosa, Artiga, MarÃa JosÃ© Saiz, Sã¡nchez, Vicenta, Perea, MarÃa Fuensanta Noguera, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Reinante, Gema, Torres, MarÃa Martirio Antequera, Moreau, Laura Vivanco, GonzÃ¡lez GonzÃ¡lez, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis MenÃ©ndez, Salvador, Carlo, Martãn, Esther SuarÃ©z San, Ramirez, InÃ©s Legarda, Gorospe, Aranzazãº, Lopera, MÃ³nica Rodriguez, Arques, Penelope Nava, Rodrãguez, MarÃa JosÃ© Torre, Pastor, Barbara Vive, Gaston, Itziar, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolore, Moreno, Jose Manuel Garcia, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Damas, Fatima, Cortegana, Hermoso Eva Pacheco, Peã±a, JosÃ© ChacÃ³n, Redondo, Lui, Carrillo, Fã¡tima, Teresa CÃ¡ceres, Marãa, Mir, Pablo, Suarez, MarÃa JosÃ© Lama, Vargas-GonzÃ¡lez, Laura, Bosca, Maria E., Brugada, Francisco Castera, Burguera, Juan Andre, Campos, Anabel, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen PeirÃ³, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, Radu, Fredlund, Gunnel, HÃ¸sterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Linnsand, Petra, Neleborn-LingefjÃ¤rd, Liselotte, Wentzel, Magnu, Loutfi, Ghada, Olofsson, Carina, Stattin, Eva-Lena, Westman, Laila, Wikstrã¶m, Birgitta, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schã¼pbach, Michael, Weber Zaugg, Sabine, Hauer, Maria, Gonzenbach, Roman, Jung, Hans H., Mihaylova, Violeta, Petersen, Jen, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, Simpson, Sheila A, Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughan, Vivien, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, de Souza, Jenny, Piedad, John, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Gethin, Louise, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Armstrong, Matthew, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, Di Pietro, Anna, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Kershaw, Ann, Mason, Sarah, Paterson, Nicole, Raymond, Lucy, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Clenaghan, Catherine, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Rosser, Anne, Edwards, Maureen, Carrie, Ho, Hughes, Teresa, Mcgill, Marie, Pearson, Pauline, Porteous, Mary, Smith, Paul, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, Mckenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Burrows, Liz, Chu, Carol, Fletcher, Amy, Gallantrae, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Harding, Alison, Klã¶ppel, Stefan, Kraus, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Lewis, Monica, Longthorpe, Mandy, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Robertson, Nicola, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Evans, Carole, Gallentrae, Deena, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Musgrave, Hannah, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Bourne, Colin, Clapton, Jackie, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Grant, Janet, Gross, Diana, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Murch, Ann, Thompson, Catherine, Alusi, Sundu, Davies, Rhy, Foy, Kevin, Gerrans, Emily, Pate, Louise, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, Hana, Lashwood, Alison, Robertson, Dene, Ruddy, Deborah, Santhouse, Alastair, Whaite, Anna, Bruno, Stefania, Doherty, Karen, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lahiri, Nayana, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Rosser, Elisabeth, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thoma, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iri, Verstraelen, Nichola, Westmoreland, Leann, Armstrong, Richard, Dixon, Kathryn, Nemeth, Andrea H, Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, David, Harrison, Hughes, Max, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Gill, Paul, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Quarrell, Oliver, Lau, Puay Ngoh, Pica, Emmanul, Tan, Louis, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Neurology, Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Moss, Davina J Hensman, Lo, Kitty, Pardiñas, Antonio F, Santos, R Dar, Ret, C Jauff, Valabrègue, R., Witjes-Ane, M. -N., Man, A Hoff, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Nielsen, Jørgen, Päivärinta, Markku, Sebastián, A Rojo, Wahlström, Jan, Garde, Monica Bascuñana, Laurà, Matilde, Descals, Asunción Martínez, Martinez-Horta, Saül, Mütze, Lisanne, Padieu, Hélène, Røren, Niini, Šašinková, Pavla, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Müller, Nicole, Schöggl, Helmut, Müller, Christoph, Minet, Cécile, Ribaï, Pascale, Klempír, Jirí, Majerová, Veronika, Stárková, Irena, Nielsen, Jørgen E., Hyppönen, Hannele, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Duché, Charlotte, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Barthélémy, Rekha, Lemaire, Marie-Hélène, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Mantaux, Béatrice, Fluchere, Frédérique, Julié, Celine, Prüß, Harald, Löhle, Matthia, Münchau, Alexander, Bürk, Katrin, Möller, Jens Carsten, Mühlau, Mark, Städtler, Michael, Hölzner, Eva, Leythäuser, Gabriele, Süßmuth, Sigurd, Marchese, Roberta, DI MAIO, Luigi, ’t Hart, Ellen P., Bjørgo, Kathrine, Gørvell, Per F., Retterstøl, Lar, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Wójcik, Magdalena, Guerra, Maria Rosália, Herrera, Carmen Durán, Catena, Judit López, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, Sebastián, Ana Rojo, Busquets, Núria, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, Fenollar, María, García, Rocío García-Ramo, Bascuñana, Mónica, Ventura, Marta Fatá, Ribas, Guillermo García, de Yébenes, Justo García, Moreno, José Luis López-Sendón, Ruíz, Pedro J García, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Artiga, María José Saiz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Perea, María Fuensanta Noguera, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, González González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Martín, Esther Suaréz San, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Gorospe, Aranzazú, Lopera, Mónica Rodriguez, Rodríguez, María José Torre, Peña, José Chacón, Carrillo, Fátima, Teresa Cáceres, María, Suarez, María José Lama, Vargas-González, Laura, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen Peiró, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Wikström, Birgitta, Schüpbach, Michael, Ho, Carrie, Klöppel, Stefan, Harrison, David, Cardiff University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], University of British Columbia (UBC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UCL, Institute of Neurology [London], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CHirurgie, IMagerie et REgénération tissulaire de l’extrémité céphalique - Caractérisation morphologique et fonctionnelle - UR UPJV 7516 (CHIMERE), TRACK-HD investigators, Pardinas, Antonio F, Langbehn, Douglas, Lee, S Hong, TRACK-HD Investigators, and REGISTRY Investigators
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Registrie, Genome-wide association study, Longitudinal Studie, Disease, Bioinformatics, Severity of Illness Index, Principal Component Analysi, Longitudinal Studies, Registries, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Huntington disease, DNA-Binding Proteins, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Adult, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Huntington Disease, MutS Homolog 3 Protein, Principal Component Analysis, Disease Progression, Neurology (clinical), huntingtin gene, age of onest, Huntington’s disease, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, cag repeat, instability, DNA-Binding Protein, Clinical Neurology, Principal component analysis, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Huntington's disease, Internal medicine, medicine, SNP, genome-wide association study, medicine.disease, R1, meta-analysis, Minor allele frequency, 030104 developmental biology, Age of onset, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation. Funding The European Commission FP7 NeurOmics project; CHDI Foundation; the Medical Research Council UK; the Brain Research Trust; and the Guarantors of Brain.
Published: 2017
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23. Reliability and factor structure of the Short Problem Behaviors Assessment for Huntington's disease (PBA-s) in the TRACK-HD and REGISTRY studies.

Author: Callaghan J, Stopford C, Arran N, Boisse MF, Coleman A, Santos RD, Dumas EM, Hart EP, Justo D, Owen G, Read J, Say MJ, Durr A, Leavitt BR, Roos RA, Tabrizi SJ, Bachoud-Levi AC, Bourdet C, van Duijn E, and Craufurd D
Subjects: Europe, Female, Humans, International Cooperation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Registries, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index, Statistics, Nonparametric, Video Recording, Huntington Disease complications, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Mental Disorders etiology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Abstract: The authors report the inter-rater reliability and factor structure of the Short Problem Behaviors Assessment (PBA-s), a semistructured interview to measure severity and frequency of behavioral problems in Huntington's disease. Video recordings of 410 PBA-s interviews were rescored by an independent rater, and Cohen's kappa calculated to assess inter-rater reliability. The mean kappa was 0.74 for severity and 0.76 for frequency scores, whereas weighted kappa (allowing scores to differ by 1 point) was 0.94 for severity and 0.92 for frequency scores. The results of factor analysis were consistent with previous studies using other measures. The authors conclude that the PBA-s is a reliable measure.
Published: 2015
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24. Illness perceptions, coping styles and psychological distress in adults with Huntington's disease.

Author: Arran N, Craufurd D, and Simpson J
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety etiology, Anxiety psychology, Depression etiology, Depression psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Outcome Assessment, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Psychological etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Adaptation, Psychological physiology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Huntington Disease psychology, Stress, Psychological psychology
Abstract: Individuals with a diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD) have been shown to experience various emotional, behavioural and psychosocial consequences. The current study employs Leventhal's self-regulation model to explore the biopsychosocial factors related to psychological distress in people with HD, and further examine the relationship between illness perceptions, coping and psychological distress. Eighty-seven people diagnosed with HD completed the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised adapted for the population. Participants also completed self-report measures of coping and psychological distress. Data were also collected on clinical and demographic variables previously found to be associated with psychological distress. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that illness perceptions of identity, treatment control and timeline cyclical were predictors of anxiety while illness perceptions of identity and perceiving the cause to be related to chance were found to be significant positive predictors of depression. The coping strategy of seeking instrumental support also contributed to scores of depression, and self-report clinical variables of pain and role functioning related to physical difficulties predicted anxiety and depression, respectively. The findings suggest that illness perceptions play a significant role in psychological distress experienced by people with HD. Consequently, a focus on interventions which might change illness perceptions, and perhaps then reduce psychological distress, would be useful for future research.
Published: 2014
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24 results on '"Arran, N."'

1. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

2. Third Annual Huntington Disease Clinical Research Symposium: Organized by the Huntington Study Group

3. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE OF HUNTINGTONʼS DISEASE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREVIOUS PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY AND LATER PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: C41

4. RELIABILITY OF THE PROBLEM BEHAVIOURS ASSESSMENT FOR HD (SHORT VERSION) - DATA FROM THE TRACK-HD STUDY: B16

5. Association of CAG Repeats With Long-term Progression in Huntington Disease

6. Identification of symbol digit modality test score extremes in Huntington's disease

7. Apathy associated with impaired recognition of happy facial expressions in Huntington's disease

8. MSH3 modifies somatic instability and disease severity in Huntington's and myotonic dystrophy type 1

9. Neuropsychiatry and White Matter Microstructure in Huntington’s Disease

10. Suicidal ideation in a European Huntington's disease population

11. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

12. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

13. The V471A polymorphism in autophagy-related gene ATG7 modifies age at onset specifically in Italian Huntington disease patients

14. Observing Huntington's disease: the European Huntington's Disease Network's REGISTRY

15. NMDA receptor gene variations as modifiers in Huntington disease: a replication study

16. Observing Huntington's Disease: the European Huntington's Disease Network's REGISTRY

17. Normal and mutant HTT interact to affect clinical severity and progression in Huntington disease

18. β-Defensin Genomic Copy Number Does Not Influence the Age of Onset in Huntington's Disease

19. Discrepancies in reporting the CAG repeat lengths for Huntington's disease

20. NMDA receptor gene variations as modifiers in Huntington disease

21. Poster 8: Reliability of the Problem Behaviours Assessment for HD (short version)–Data From the TRACK-HD Study

22. Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression

23. Reliability and factor structure of the Short Problem Behaviors Assessment for Huntington's disease (PBA-s) in the TRACK-HD and REGISTRY studies.

24. Illness perceptions, coping styles and psychological distress in adults with Huntington's disease.

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24 results on '"Arran, N."'

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