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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-14 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Semiterrestrial tadpoles live on wet rock surfaces and have evolved independently in at least seven anuran families. They have a flat venter, laterally compressed keratinized jaws and elongated, largely finless tails. When threatened, they can jump. Here, we describe the kinematics of locomotion for semiterrestrial tadpoles of the genera Cycloramphus and Thoropa (Cycloramphidae). Forward locomotion can be accomplished solely by the upper jaw cyclically engaging and disengaging from the substrate. Undulating tail movements, in contrast, cause the tadpoles to move laterally, like sidewinding snakes, rather than forwards. Jumping is an explosive escape behaviour with an unpredictable trajectory. Jumping requires rapid elevation of the head and extension of the torso and tail. This is made possible by epaxial musculature that extends onto the cranium and movement of the tail in the sagittal plane. Tadpoles near metamorphosis extend their hindlimbs symmetrically when jumping, even when the limbs are too small to provide thrust. The rapid rostral elevation of the snout, extension of the trunk and symmetrical extension of the hindlimbs is a kinematic pattern shared with post-metamorphic frogs when they jump. This suggests that semiterrestrial tadpoles use essentially the same neural programme as that used by frogs to jump. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Parana UFPR, ACF Ctr Politecn, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ecol & Biol Evolut, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, Brazil Fac Med, Dept Cellular & Physiol Sci, 2350 Hlth Sci Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biodiversidade, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2013/20420-4 FAPESP: 2015/11239-0 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 CAPES: 88887.511397/2020-00

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:40:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The evolutionary success of anurans can be partially explained by the occurrence of free-living larvae. Tadpoles occupy several distict habitats, including the terrestrial environment. Semiterrestriality appears to have evolved seven times in anurans, and tadpoles of distantly related lineages have converged in a set of phenotypic characters, such as a depressed body, ventral mouth, massive, well-keratinized and laterally compressed jaw sheaths, low fins, and well-developed hind limbs. The semiterrestrial tadpoles of the South American family Cycloramphidae remain poorly studied. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of the external and internal morphology of these larvae, we comment on the systematic and evolutionary implications for the family, and finally, we discuss the convergent evolution of semiterrestrial tadpoles in anurans. We studied the external, buccopharyngeal, and musculoskeletal morphology of semiterrestrial tadpoles of 14 species of Cycloramphidae. These tadpoles are highly modified and present several character-states associated with semiterrestrial life. Most of them are unique and restricted to the family, such as the novel configuration of the muscles subarcualis rectus I, rectus abdominis, and levator arcuum branchialium III. We propose 13 new synapomorphies for Cycloramphidae and one for Thoropa. The presence of similar, homoplastic, character-states in all semiterrestrial tadpoles of unrelated phylogenetic lineages seems to suggest that these character-states are adaptations for semiterrestriality. Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET – FML) San Miguel de Tucumán Departamento de Biodiversidade and CAUNESP Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Biologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Zoologia Laboratório de Biossistemática de Anfíbios Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Biodiversidade and CAUNESP Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista FAPESP: 2012/10000-5 FAPESP: 2013/20420-4 FAPESP: 2013/50741-7 FAPESP: 2015/11239-0 FAPESP: 2018/15425-0 CNPq: 306623/2018-8 CNPq: 306823/2017-9 CNPq: 306963/2018-3 CAPES: 88887.364687/2019-00

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:01:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Tank bromeliads provide a freshwater microhabitat for a rich aquatic community, including amphibian species. Some of these amphibians are threatened, among other factors, because their host plants are also threatened. DNA traces left behind by amphibians in the water accumulated in bromeliads provide us a clue to track the presence and geographical distribution of these species in the environment, even when they have a low population abundance. We used an environmental DNA metabarcoding approach to survey three bromeligenous or bromelicolous amphibian species distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The three species have a low population abundance or are not detected in the field by using traditional methods for up to 100 years. No DNA trace of our target species was identified among the eDNA samples analysed. However, we successfully identified the DNA of one tribe, two genera and nine amphibian species in the bromeliads surveyed. Our results support the high sensitivity and the non-invasive characteristic of eDNA metabarcoding for surveying bromeligenous or bromelicolous amphibians. We also highlight that more amphibian species could eventually use bromeliads as shelter than has been previously thought, evidencing the importance for further investigations about interactions and conservation status of amphibians and bromeliads. Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24A, 1515 Laboratório de Herpetologia Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24A, 1515

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Species delimitation can be challenging and affected by subjectivity. Sibling lineages that occur in sympatry constitute good candidates for species delimitation regardless of the adopted species concept. The Thoropa miliaris + T. taophora species complex exhibits high genetic diversity distributed in several lineages that occur sympatrically in the southeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We used 414 loci obtained by anchored hybrid enrichment to characterize genetic variation in the Thoropa miliaris species group (T. saxatilis, T megatympanum, T. miliaris, and T. taophora), combining assignment analyses with traditional and coalescent phylogeny reconstruction. We also investigated evolutionary independence in co-occurring lineages by estimating gene flow, and validated lineages under the multispecies coalescent. We recovered most previously described lineages as unique populations in assignment analyses; exceptions include two lineages within T. miliaris that are further substructured, and the merging of all T. taophora lineages. We found very low probabilities of gene flow between sympatric lineages, suggesting independent evolution. Species tree inferences and species delimitation yielded resolved relationships and indicate that all lineages constitute putative species that diverged during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, later than previously estimated. Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema Department of Biological Sciences Florida State University Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP

Declines and extinctions are increasing globally and challenge conservationists to keep pace with biodiversity monitoring. Organisms leave DNA traces in the environment, e.g., in soil, water, and air. These DNA traces are referred to as environmental DNA (eDNA). The analysis of eDNA is a highly sensitive method with the potential to rapidly assess local diversity and the status of threatened species. We searched for DNA traces of 30 target amphibian species of conservation concern, at different levels of threat, using an environmental DNA metabarcoding approach, together with an extensive sequence reference database to analyse water samples from six montane sites in the Atlantic Coastal Forest and adjacent Cerrado grasslands of Brazil. We successfully detected DNA traces of four declined species (Hylodes ornatus, Hylodes regius, Crossodactylus timbuhy, and Vitreorana eurygnatha); two locally disappeared (Phasmahyla exilis and Phasmahyla guttata); and one species that has not been seen since 1968 (putatively assigned to Megaelosia bocainensis). We confirm the presence of species undetected by traditional methods, underscoring the efficacy of eDNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring at low population densities, especially in megadiverse tropical sites. Our results support the potential application of eDNA in conservation biology, to evaluate persistence and distribution of threatened species in surveyed habitats or sites, and improve accuracy of red lists, especially for species undetected over long periods.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The Brazilian Atlantic coastal forest is one of the most heterogeneous morphoclimatic domains on earth and is thus an excellent region in which to examine the role that habitat heterogeneity plays in shaping diversification of lineages and species. Here we present a molecular phylogeny of the rock frogs of the genus Thoropa Cope, 1865, native to the Atlantic forest and extending to adjacent campo rupestre of Brazil. The goal of this study is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus using multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses. Our topology reveals 12 highly supported lineages among the four nominal species included in the study. Species T. saxatilis and T. megatympanum are monophyletic. Thoropa taophora is also monophyletic, but nested within T. miliaris. Populations of T. miliaris cluster in five geographically distinct lineages, with low support for relationships among them. Although all 12 lineages are geographically structured, some T. miliaris lineages have syntopic distributions with others, likely reflecting a secondary contact zone between divergent lineages. We discuss a biogeographic scenario that best explains the order of divergence and the distribution of species in Atlantic forest and adjacent areas, and outline the implications of our findings for the taxonomy of Thoropa. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, Museu Zool Joao Moojen, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Inst Ciencias Biol & Saude, BR-35690000 Florestal, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Lab Vertebrados Terr, BR-29932540 Sao Mateus, ES, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biociencias, Grp Hist Nat Vertebrados, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ecol & Biol Evolut, BR-09972270 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Aquicultura CAUNESP, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 08/50928-1 FAPESP: 13/50741-7 FAPESP: 2014/50342-8 CNPq: 564955/2010-8 CNPq: 302518/2013-4

Amphibian parasites of the Order Dermocystida (Ichthyosporea) are widespread pathogens known mainly from Europe and North America, which cause primarily a disease of skin and subcutaneous tissue in their hosts. The taxonomy of these organisms has been problematic given their conserved morphology, similar clinical disease and pathology. Currently recognized taxa belong to the three closely related genera, Amphibiocystidium, Amphibiothecum, and Rhinosporidium, whereas species of Dermocystidium and Sphaerothecum destruens include fish parasites. Here, we review the taxonomy of Dermocystida based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, principally of amphibian parasites, including DNA sequences obtained from amphibian hosts collected in the central-eastern region of South America. A new taxonomic arrangement is proposed, which includes the designation of type material for Dermocystidium pusula, synonymization of Amphibiothecum with Dermocystidium, and the restriction of Amphibiocystidium to its type species A. ranae. We also review the taxonomic status of Dermosporidium hylarum until the present work included in the synonymy of the human and animal pathogen R. seeberi, and considered herein as a valid taxon, however. In addition, a new species of Sphaerothecum parasitic to amphibians is described, being the first record of this genus in the southern hemisphere and in an amphibian host. Fil: Borteiro, Claudio. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; Uruguay Fil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina Fil: Maronna, Maximiliano M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Pontes Baêta Da Costa, Délio. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Sabbag, Ariadne Fares. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Kolenc, Francisco. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural; Uruguay Fil: Debat, Claudio Martínez. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Haddad, Célio F. B.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Cruz, Juan Carlos. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Verdes, José Manuel. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Ubilla, Martín. Universidad de la República; Uruguay

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032011000300015.pdf: 1378415 bytes, checksum: bc6354fa83eea12907db79f60cd3552c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032011000300015.pdf: 1378415 bytes, checksum: bc6354fa83eea12907db79f60cd3552c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:30:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032011000300015.pdf: 1378415 bytes, checksum: bc6354fa83eea12907db79f60cd3552c (MD5) S1676-06032011000300015.pdf.txt: 51655 bytes, checksum: b79607a5a2fe7d844d4dd893850d6012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:59:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032011000300015.pdf: 1378415 bytes, checksum: bc6354fa83eea12907db79f60cd3552c (MD5) S1676-06032011000300015.pdf.txt: 51655 bytes, checksum: b79607a5a2fe7d844d4dd893850d6012 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:59:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032011000300015.pdf: 1378415 bytes, checksum: bc6354fa83eea12907db79f60cd3552c (MD5) S1676-06032011000300015.pdf.txt: 51655 bytes, checksum: b79607a5a2fe7d844d4dd893850d6012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 No presente estudo foi realizado um inventário das espécies de anfíbios anuros que ocorrem em um fragmento de mata ciliar do Córrego do Espraiado, localizado na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Município de São Carlos, estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Durante os meses de março de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010 foram realizadas saídas de campo semanais nas quais foram registradas 13 espécies de anuros. A atividade reprodutiva das espécies de anuros componentes da comunidade estudada mostrou-se sazonal, sendo que houve correlação positiva e significativa entre o número de espécies em atividade reprodutiva e o fotoperíodo. Verificamos que a comunidade estudada mostrou-se mais semelhante a comunidades de anuros de florestas de transição entre Mata Atlântica e Cerrado do que a fragmentos de Cerrado próximos da região. We surveyed anuran amphibians in a riparian forest fragment of the Córrego do Espraiado, located at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Municipality of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. During March 2009 and February 2010 we did weekly surveys in which we recorded 13 anuran species. The species showed a seasonal reproductive activity. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the number of reproductively active species and photoperiod. We also found that the studied community was more similar to those of transitional areas between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado than those of the nearby Cerrado fragments. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia