76 results on '"Anuruddh Kumar"'
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2. Calligraphic interdigitated capacitive sensors for green electronics
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Abhay Singh Thakur, Vinit Srivatava, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Imen Kebaili, Imed Boukhris, Yun Hwan Joo, Tae Hyun Sung, Anuruddh Kumar, and Rahul Vaish
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Pencil ,Wood ,Interdigitated capacitive sensor ,Arrow key functionality ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study presents a novel approach to fabricating interdigitated capacitive (IDC) touch sensors using graphite-based pencils on a wood substrate. The sensors were designed to detect touches and pressure variations, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for sensor fabrication. The fabrication process involved abrasion of graphite pencils on a wooden substrate to create conductive traces, followed by the integration of interdigitated electrode structures. Capacitance variations resulting from touch interactions were investigated to calibrate sensor responses for tailored tasks. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 1.2 pF/kPa, highlighting its responsiveness to pressure variations. Additionally, the sensors were interfaced with an Arduino Uno microcontroller board to demonstrate practical applications, such as replicating arrow key functionality. Additionally, the sensors exhibit sensitivity to environmental factors, with the relative change in capacitance increasing from 0.1 to 0.65 as relative humidity ranges from 30 to 90%. Furthermore, variations in temperature from 30 to 60ºC result in a relative change in capacitance increasing to approximately 0.5. The results indicate the feasibility and versatility of using wood-based substrates and graphite-based pencils for fabricating IDC touch sensors, offering promising prospects for sustainable and accessible sensor technology.
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- 2024
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3. Optimization and modelling of magnesium oxide (MgO) photocatalytic degradation of binary dyes using response surface methodology
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Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Pushpendra Kumar, Imen Kebaili, Imed Boukhris, Yun Hwan Joo, Tae Hyun Sung, and Anuruddh Kumar
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Magnesium oxide (MgO) ,Photocatalysis ,Binary dye ,Parametric study ,Parameter optimization ,Central composite design (CCD) ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Textile industry dye effluent contains a mixture of different kinds of dyes. Many times, photocatalysis is targeted as a solution for the treatment of dye effluent from the textile industry. Many researches have been published related to the photocatalysis of single textile dyes but in the real-world scenario, effluent is a mixture of dyes. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used as a photocatalyst to treat a mixture (binary solution) of Methylene blue (MB) and Methylene violet (MV) along with individual MB and MV dyes in this article. MgO shows remarkable photocatalytic activity at about 93 and 88% for MB and MV dye in binary solution within 135 min. Furthermore, to study the influence of process parameters, experiments are designed with the help of the central composite design (CCD), and Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to study the interactions between parameters. For this study, five parameters are selected i.e., Photocatalyst dosage, initial concentration of both dyes, time of exposure to the light source, and pH of the binary solution. The photocatalytic process is also optimized and finally optimization of process parameters is validated with an experiment. The result of the validation experiment is very close to the predicted photocatalytic activity.
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- 2024
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4. Multifunctional carbon nanotubes coated stainless steel mesh for electrowetting, hydrophobic, and dye absorption behavior
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Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Imen Kebaili, Imed Boukhris, Yun Hwan Joo, Tae Hyun Sung, and Anuruddh Kumar
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Hydrophobic ,CNT ,Electrowetting ,Dye ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Electrowetting behaviour for carbon nanotubes (CNT) grown on stainless steel mesh was investigated. The effect of temperature, time, and applied bias voltage on the contact angle of water droplets was studied. The impact of temperature variation on contact angle was also performed for the temperature ranging from 25 to 70 °C. A decrement of contact angle by 68% was observed for the mentioned range indicating a transition from a hydrophobic to hydrophilic nature. A similar trend was observed on the application of electric potential to the CNT-modified stainless-steel mesh ranging from 0 to 8 V with a transition of contact angle from 146 to 30 deg respectively. A comparative analysis for the contact angle variation with time for CNT-coated mesh and uncoated mesh was performed for 180 min. It is observed that uncoated mesh shows a reduction in contact angle to 0 deg with time while the CNT coated mesh shows surplus hydrophobicity with a 2 deg decrement in the extent of time. CNT-modified mesh successfully absorbs 95% of rhodamine B (RB) dye and detergent from water in 10 cycles.
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- 2024
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5. A sustainable self-generating system driven by human energy for wearable safety solutions
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Se Yeong Jeong, Wei-Chieh Liu, Jae Yong Cho, Yu Jin Oh, Anuruddh Kumar, Sang Bum Woo, Seong Do Hong, Chul Hee Ryu, and Tae Hyun Sung
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Electromagnetic energy generator ,Energy harvesting ,Human energy ,Wearable device ,Safety ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
With the improvement in people’s quality of life, the requirements for health and safety are also increasing. While many wearable devices are available, those wearable devices specifically designed for the safety of night workers have yet to be effectively utilized. A survey conducted with 100 night workers revealed that they have expressed concerns about their safety and that of their colleagues due to lack of visibility while working on the road at night. To address this issue, a wearable electromagnetic energy generator was designed as a permanent solution to increase the visibility of night workers by illuminating LEDs and reduce the discomfort associated with wearable devices. The generator can be integrated with uniforms and converts the kinetic energy generated by the human body during work into electrical power. The generator achieved a maximum output power of 4.28 mW under 2.8 Hz, with a power density is 51.56 μW/cm3. The LED brightness driven by the generator reached 218 Lux. To ensure user customization, the Living Lab strategy was employed, allowing direct user participation during the development process and incorporating improvements based on their feedback. After gathering feedback from the workers, the uniform was redesigned and revised multiple times. Ultimately, the product received high satisfaction scores and was successfully delivered to local municipalities. This paper details a comprehensive study covering the process from needs survey to product design.
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- 2024
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6. Electrospun membrane of bismuth vanadate-polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers for efficient piezo-photocatalysis applications
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Chirag Porwal, Sahil Verma, Manish Kumar, Akshay Gaur, Vishal Singh Chauhan, Rahul Vaish, Imen Kebaili, Imed Boukhris, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Yun Hwan Joo, Tae Hyun Sung, and Anuruddh Kumar
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The fabrication of a Poly (vinylidene fluoride) membrane (PVDF) and ceramic-assisted bismuth vanadate-polyvinylidene fluoride (BiVO4-PVDF) composite membrane was achieved through the utilization of the electrospinning technique. The composition and structure of the fabricated membranes were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Thermo gravimetric analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques. The prepared polymeric membranes were then utilized for catalytic investigation and to explore, how structure affects catalytic activity using 5 mg/L, 10 mL methylene blue (MB) dye solution. Ultrasonication, visible light irradiation, and the combination were used to study piezocatalysis, photocatalysis, and piezo-photocatalysis, moreover, degradation intermediates were also explored using scavengers. Electrospun BiVO4-PVDF (BV-PVDF) composite has been found to have better piezocatalytic and photocatalytic properties than PVDF. The experimental findings reveal that the composite of BiVO4-PVDF demonstrates the highest efficiency in dye degradation, achieving a maximum degradation rate of 61% within a processing time of 180 min. The rate of degradation was calculated to be 0.0047 min−1, indicating a promising potential for the composite in the field of dye degradation.
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- 2023
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7. Ball-milling synthesized Bi2VO5.5 for piezo-photocatalytic assessment
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Manish Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Imen Kebaili, Imed Boukhris, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Yun Hwan Joo, Tae Hyun Sung, and Anuruddh Kumar
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The mechanochemical ball milling followed by heating at 650 °C for 5 h successfully produced the single-phase Bi2VO5.5 powder. Catalytic activity for methylene blue dye degradation was investigated. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to confirm the phase formation. The sample’s charge carrier transportation behavior was ascertained using time-dependent photocurrent analysis. The piezo-photocatalysis experiment yielded a 63% degradation efficiency for the ball-milled Bi2VO5.5 sample. The pseudo-first-order kinetics of the piezo-photocatalytic dye degradation are discerned, and the significant k value of 0.00529 min−1 is achieved. The scavenger test declares the h+ radical is the predominant active species during the piezo-photocatalysis experiment. Vigna radiata seeds were used in a phytotoxicity test to evaluate the germination index. The mechanochemical activation method facilitates reactions by lowering reaction temperature and time. The effect of improved piezo-photocatalytic efficiency on the ball-milled Bi2VO5.5 powder is an unexplored area, and we have attempted to investigate it. Here, ball-milled Bi2VO5.5 powder achieved improved dye degradation performance.
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- 2023
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8. Cotton functionalized with polyethylene glycol and graphene oxide for dual thermoregulating and UV-protection applications
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Amit Kumar, Imen Kebaili, Imed Boukhris, Rahul Vaish, Anuruddh Kumar, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Yun Hwan Joo, and Tae Hyun Sung
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract A thermoregulating smart textile based on phase change material (PCM) polyethylene glycol (PEG) was prepared by chemically grafting carboxyl-terminated PEG onto cotton. Further deposits of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were made on the PEG grafted cotton (PEG-g-Cotton) to improve the thermal conductivity of the fabric and to block harmful UV radiation. The GO-PEG-g-Cotton was characterized by Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). With an enthalpy of 37 and 36 J/g, respectively, the DSC data revealed that the functionalized cotton's melting and crystallization maxima occurred at 58 °C and 40 °C, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) presented that GO-PEG-g-Cotton was thermally more stable in comparison to pure cotton. The thermal conductivity of PEG-g-Cotton increased to 0.52 W/m K after GO deposition, while pure cotton conductivity was measured as 0.045 W/m K. The improvement in the UV protection factor (UPF) of GO-PEG-g-Cotton was observed indicating excellent UV blocking. This temperature-regulating smart cotton offers a high thermal energy storage capability, better thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and excellent UV protection.
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- 2023
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9. Photo/piezo-catalytic performance of 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 ceramic
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Shivam Dubey, Akshay Gaur, Awad A. Ibraheem, Rahul Vaish, Anuruddh Kumar, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Yun Hwan Joo, and Tae Hyun Sung
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Ferroelectric material ,Piezocatalysis ,Photocatalysis ,Solar light ,Indoor photocatalysis ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
0.5Ba (Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 (BST-BZT) ceramic composition is known for exihibiting electrical properties. The present study brings out the prospective approach of utilizing well known BST-BZT ceramic composition for water cleaning application via piezocatalysis, photocatalysis and piezo-photocatalysis process. For this, BST-BZT ceramic composition was synthesized through solid state route reaction method and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Methylene Blue (MB) a cationic dye was used as a representative organic pollutant, where the maximum degradation was observed in piezo-photocatalysis process (∼92%) followed by photocatalysis process (∼82%) and piezocatalysis process (∼65%) in 240 min. Furthermore, the degradation of MB dye was examined under solar light irradiation in order to assess the potential of the BST-BZT ceramic composition. A study on the BST-BZT ceramic composition's photocatalytic activity in an indoor setting was also conducted. Finally, the phytotoxicity level of “Vigna radiata” seeds was examined to determine the extent of MB dye breakdown and its subsequent usage.
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- 2023
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10. Negative Poisson’s ratio polyethylene matrix and 0.5Ba(Zr0.2 Ti0.8) O3–0.5(Ba0.7 Ca0.3)TiO3 based piezocomposite for sensing and energy harvesting applications
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Saptarshi Karmakar, Raj Kiran, Chris Bowen, Rahul Vaish, Vishal Singh Chauhan, Zainab Mufarreh Elqahtani, Samia Ben Ahmed, M. S. Al-Buriahi, Anuruddh Kumar, and Tae Hyun Sung
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Finite element studies were conducted on 0.5Ba(Zr0.2 Ti0.8) O3–0.5(Ba0.7 Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT) piezoelectric particles embedded in polyethylene matrix to create a piezocomposite having a positive and negative Poisson's ratio of −0.32 and 0.2. Polyethylene with a positive Poisson's ratio is referred to as non-auxetic while those with negative Poisson's ratio are referred to as auxetic or inherently auxetic. The effective elastic and piezoelectric properties were calculated at volume fractions of (4%, 8% to 24%) to study their sensing and harvesting performance. This study compared lead-free auxetic 0–3 piezocomposite for sensing and energy harvesting with non-auxetic one. Inherently auxetic piezocomposites have been studied for their elastic and piezoelectric properties and improved mechanical coupling, but their sensing and energy harvesting capabilities and behavior patterns have not been explored in previous literatures. The effect of Poisson's ratio ranging between −0.9 to 0.4 on the sensing and energy harvesting performance of an inherently auxetic lead free piezocomposite composite with BCZT inclusions has also not been studied before, motivating the author to conduct the present study. Auxetic piezocomposite demonstrated an overall improvement in performance in terms of higher sensing voltage and harvested power. The study was repeated at a constant volume fraction of 24% for a range of Poisson's ratio varied between −0.9 to 0.4. Enhanced performance was observed at the extreme negative end of the Poisson's ratio spectrum. This paper demonstrates the potential improvements by exploiting auxetic matrices in future piezocomposite sensors and energy harvesters.
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- 2022
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11. Piezocatalytic dye degradation using Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glass-nanocomposites
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Chirag Porwal, Moolchand Sharma, Rahul Vaish, Vishal Singh Chauhan, Samia ben Ahmed, Wonseop Hwang, Heyong Kwang Benno Park, Tae Hyun Sung, and Anuruddh Kumar
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Glasses ,Nanocrystals ,Piezocatalysis ,Crystallization ,Phytotoxicity ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
The presence of toxic compounds in waste leads to unfavorable hazardous properties, there is an urgent urge for the remediation of environmental contamination. This work focuses on the removal of organic pollutants from the water. Piezocatalytic properties of transparent glass nanocomposites of Bi2ZnB2O7 (BBZO) were studied for water-cleaning application. Melt quenching followed by heat treatment of fabricated glass-nanocomposites were able to degrade different organic dyes. To study the microstructure of the samples under consideration, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were performed. To get the elemental composition of the glass nanocomposite samples, XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) was utilized. Methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a model dye for degradation, and it is found that heat-treated glass nanocomposite sample at 475 °C for 1 h (HT/475 °C/1hr) gives maximum dye degradation of 78% under 240 min of ultrasonication with a degradation rate of 0.0065min−1. Furthermore, an obtained by-product from degraded dye was used to experiment to study phytotoxicity assessment using brown gram seeds and it has been found that treated water with BBZO HT/475 °C/1hr sample gives less phytotoxicity of water (Germination Index is found to be 88%).
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- 2022
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12. Piezo-photocatalytic activity of Bi2VO5.5 for methylene blue dye degradation
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Manish Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Zainab Mufarreh Elqahtani, Imen Kebaili, M.S. Al-Buriahi, Tae Hyun Sung, Wonseop Hwang, and Anuruddh Kumar
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Bi2VO5.5 ,Photocatalysis ,Piezocatalysis ,Piezo-photocatalysis ,Germination index ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
This study comprises the combined effect of piezocatalytic and photocatalytic activity to obtain improved piezo-photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency in visible light. Single-phase Bi2VO5.5 powder was prepared through solid-state synthesis at 750 °C in 8 h. Time-dependent photocurrent responses were conducted to understand the phenomenon of charge carrier transport in visible light. Bi2VO5.5 powder sample demonstrated high photocatalytic efficiency and good reusability possessing a bandgap value of 2.13 eV. Bi2VO5.5 powder sample attained ∼70% and ∼58% degradation efficiency during photocatalysis and piezocatalysis respectively. The piezo-photocatalytic methylene blue dye attained ∼82% degradation efficiency in 240 min duration of visible light illumination. The scavenger test depicted holes (h+) as the principal active species in the piezo-photocatalytic dye degradation. There incurred no severe loss in photocatalytic efficiency even after 4 cycles which proclaims the reusability of the Bi2VO5.5 powder sample. A study on the kinetic rate constant with varying dye concentrations was conducted. With varied dye concentration of 5, 10, 15 mg/L, the kinetic rate constant obtained was 0.00528, 0.0030, and 0.00125 min−1, respectively. Germination index was found through a phytotoxicity test using vigna radiata seeds. Here visible light along with mechanical energy has been used to achieve higher MB dye degradation efficiency through piezo-photocatalysis.
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- 2022
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13. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Bi2VO5.5 for Improved Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
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Manish Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Tae Hyun Sung, Anuruddh Kumar, and El Sayed Yousef
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ball‐milled ,Bi 2VO 5.5 ,germination index ,photocatalysis ,Technology ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract A single‐phase Bi2VO5.5 powder is formed effectively through a mechanochemical ball milling approach at 650 °C in 5 h and its photocatalytic performance on methylene blue dye is explored. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analytical instruments are utilized to confirm the phase formation. The evident presence of irregular‐shaped grains is affirmed using a scanning electron microscope. To ascertain the chemical condition of the components present, the Bi2VO5.5 powdered sample undergo an X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation. The sample is analyzed using a time‐dependent photocurrent to discern its charge carrier transportation behavior. A photocatalytic study using Bi2VO5.5 powder produced through the mechanochemical ball milling method has not been explored till now. The efficacy of the ball‐milled Bi2VO5.5 powder to attain enhanced photocatalytic efficiency which hasn't been investigated till now, is explored. The ball‐milled Bi2VO5.5 sample achieved 70% degradation efficiency when performing the photocatalysis investigation. The photocatalytic dye degradation discerns pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and achieves a notable k value of 0.00636 min−1. The scavenger test indicates that h+ radicals are the prominent active species during the photocatalysis experiment. The germination index is determined by conducting a phytotoxicity test with the use of Vigna radiata seeds. Here ball‐milled Bi2VO5.5 powder attains enhanced dye degradation efficiency.
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- 2023
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14. Effect of Poling on Photocatalysis, Piezocatalysis, and Photo–Piezo Catalysis Performance of BaBi4Ti4O15 Ceramics
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Pushpendra Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Tae Hyun Sung, Wonseop Hwang, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Anuruddh Kumar, Imen Kebaili, and Imed Boukhris
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BaBi 4Ti 4O 15 ,methyl blue ,photocatalysis ,photo–piezocatalysis ,piezocatalysis ,poling ,Technology ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract This study focuses on analyzing the poling effect of BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBT) on the basis of photo and piezo‐catalysis performance. BBT powder is prepared via a solid state reaction followed by calcination at 950 °C for 4 h. BBT is characterized by an X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical bandgap of BBT is evaluated with the help of Tauc's plot and found to be 3.29 eV, which comes in the photon energy range of ultra‐violet radiation. BBT powder is poled by using Corona poling in the presence of 2 kV mm−1 of electric field. An aqueous solution of methyl blue (MB) dye in the presence of UV radiation is used to evaluate the photo/piezocatalysis performance. Photocatalysis, piezocatalysis, and photo–piezo catalysis degradation efficiencies of poled and unpoled BBT powder are tested for 120 min of UV light irradiation. Photo–piezocatalysis shows degradation efficiencies of 62% and 40% for poled and unpoled BBT powder, respectively. Poling of BBT powder shows significant enhancement in degradation performance of MB dye in aqueous solution. Scavenger tests are also performed to identify reactive species.
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- 2023
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15. Comparative Study of the Effective Properties of 0–3 and Gyroid Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Cement‐Piezocomposites
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Saptarshi Karmakar, Raj Kiran, Rahul Vaish, Vishal Singh Chauhan, Samia Ben Ahmed, Imed Boukhris, Wonseop Hwang, Tae Hyun Sung, and Anuruddh Kumar
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cement matrix ,lead‐free piezoelectric materials ,piezocomposites ,TPMS ,Technology ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract In the present numerical simulation work, effective elastic and piezoelectric properties are calculated and a comparative study is conducted on a cement matrix‐based piezocomposite with 0–3 and gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) inclusions. The present study compares the effective properties of different piezoelectric materials having two different types of connectivity of the inclusions namely, 0–3 inclusions where the inclusions are physically separated from each other and are embedded within the matrix and the second one is TPMS inclusions having interpenetrating phase type connectivity. Effective properties are calculated for four different materials at five different volume fractions namely, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% volume fractions of inclusion by volume. In terms of effective properties and direct piezoelectric effect, TPMS piezocomposite is found to perform better compared to 0–3 piezocomposite. Lead‐free piezoelectric material 0.5Ba(Ca0.8Zr0.2)O3 − 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 demonstrates better performance compared to all other material inclusions studied. The present study attempts to highlight improved piezoelectric effective properties of lead‐free material‐based piezocomposites with TPMS inclusions.
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- 2023
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16. Deciphering the importance of graded poling in piezoelectric materials: A numerical study
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Raj Kiran, Anuruddh Kumar, Saurav Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, and Rahul Vaish
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graded poling ,piezoelectricity ,shear mode ,transverse mode ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract Piezoelectric materials play an important role in powering nano and microelectromechanical systems. However, these are often limited by their low sensing, actuation, and power outputs. This study proposes a novel poling direction arrangement theoretically in the piezoelectric materials which enhances the output parameters drastically. The poling angle was graded from bottom to top surface of element in linear fashion which helps in utilizing the bending and shear stresses efficiently. The sensing, actuation and energy harvesting performance of Pb[ZrxTi1‐x]O3 in graded mode was compared with those obtained from operating in transverse and shear modes. It was found from finite element simulations that a maximum sensing voltage of 11.85 V was been obtained in graded mode which was around 15 times higher than that obtained in shear mode. Likewise, a maximum strain of 8.2 μm/m and a tip displacement of 34.3 μm was observed in the graded mode. Eventually, the maximum power of 0.12 W was harvested from graded mode harvester followed by shear mode harvester where only : 1.6 × 10−3 W could be harvested. However, the associated challenge with such study is the fabrication and graded poling of piezoelectric which still is an unexplored research area for scientific fraternity.
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- 2020
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17. Wearable Shoe-Mounted Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for a Self-Powered Wireless Communication System
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Se Yeong Jeong, Liang Liang Xu, Chul Hee Ryu, Anuruddh Kumar, Seong Do Hong, Deok Hwan Jeon, Jae Yong Cho, Jung Hwan Ahn, Yun Hwan Joo, In Wha Jeong, Won Seop Hwang, and Tae Hyun Sung
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piezoelectric materials ,wireless communication ,energy harvesting ,wearable device ,shoe energy generator ,Technology - Abstract
This study covers a self-powered wireless communication system that is powered using a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) in a shoe. The lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramic of the PEH was coated with UV resin, which (after curing under UV light) allowed it to withstand periodic pressure. The PEH was designed with a simple structure and placed under the sole of a shoe. The durability of the PEH was tested using a pushing tester and its applicability in shoes was examined. With periodic compression of 60 kg, the PEH produced 52 μW of energy at 280 kΩ. The energy generated by the PEH was used to power a wireless transmitter. A step-down converter with an under-voltage lockout function was used to gather enough energy to operate the wireless transmitter. The transmitter can be operated initially after walking 24 steps. After the transmitter has been activated, it can be operated again after 8 steps. Because a control center receives signals from the transmitter, it is possible to check the status of workers who work outside at night or mostly alone, to detect emergencies.
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- 2021
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18. A Comparative Numerical Study on Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Self‐Powered Pacemaker Application
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Anuruddh Kumar, Raj Kiran, Sidhant Kumar, Vishal S. Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar, and Rahul Vaish
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boost converters ,energy harvesters ,pacemakers ,piezoelectric ,Technology ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract This study proposes the design of a micro‐spiral‐shaped piezoelectric energy harvester that scavenges energy from blood pressure variation in the cardiac cycle. The harvester can be a miniaturized perennial source of power that could even eliminate the need for replacement of conventional batteries used in current pacemaker technology. The concept of a 25 µm thin spiral‐based piezoelectric energy harvester with a diameter of 6 mm satisfying the dimensional constraints has been proposed. A number of lead‐free materials have been used along with Pb[ZrxTi1−x]O3 (PZT‐5A) to compare the performance. The harvester has been designed in such a way that the natural frequency of the structure remains in the range of 1.1–1.3 Hz, which is equivalent to 66–78 heart beats min−1 of humans. The obtained alternating electric current from piezoelectric materials is converted into direct current. The maximum open‐circuit voltage obtained is ≈0.9 V, which is not sufficient for charging a pacemaker battery. Therefore, boost converter circuit is employed to step up the voltage. It is found that K0.475Na0.475Li0.05(Nb0.92Ta0.05Sb0.03)O3 (KNLNTS) has the best performance as compared to other materials under study. The boosted voltage obtained from KNLNTS is ≈6 and ≈7 V for 80 and 90% duty cycle, respectively, which are sufficient for pacemaker battery charging.
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- 2018
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19. Finite element analysis of vibration energy harvesting using lead-free piezoelectric materials: A comparative study
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Anuruddh Kumar, Anshul Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Rahul Vaish, and Vishal S. Chauhan
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Lead-free piezoelectric materials ,Energy harvesting ,Unimorph cantilever configuration ,Finite element analysis ,Genetic algorithm ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
In this article, the performance of various piezoelectric materials is simulated for the unimorph cantilever-type piezoelectric energy harvester. The finite element method (FEM) is used to model the piezolaminated unimorph cantilever structure. The first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and linear piezoelectric theory are implemented in finite element simulations. The genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach is carried out to optimize the structural parameters of mechanical energy-based energy harvester for maximum power density and power output. The numerical simulation demonstrates the performance of lead-free piezoelectric materials in unimorph cantilever-based energy harvester. The lead-free piezoelectric material K0.5Na0.5NbO3-LiSbO3-CaTiO3 (2 wt.%) has demonstrated maximum mean power and maximum mean power density for piezoelectric energy harvester in the ambient frequency range of 90–110 Hz. Overall, the lead-free piezoelectric materials of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-LiSbO3 (KNN-LS) family have shown better performance than the conventional lead-based piezoelectric material lead zirconate titanate (PZT) in the context of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.
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- 2014
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20. Piezoelectric materials selection for sensor applications using finite element and multiple attribute decision-making approaches
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Anuruddh Kumar, Anshul Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Vishal S Chauhan, and C. R. Bowen
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Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics ,finite element modeling ,analytical hierarchy process ,material selection ,Electricity ,QC501-721 - Abstract
This paper examines the selection and performance evaluation of a variety of piezoelectric materials for cantilever-based sensor applications. The finite element analysis method is implemented to evaluate the relative importance of materials properties such as Young's Modulus (E), piezoelectric stress constants (e31), dielectric constant (ε) and Poisson's ratio (υ) for cantilever-based sensor applications. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to assign weights to the properties that are studied for the sensor structure under study. A technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to rank the performance of the piezoelectric materials in the context of sensor voltage outputs. The ranking achieved by the TOPSIS analysis is in good agreement with the results obtained from finite element method simulation. The numerical simulations show that K0.5Na0.5NbO3–LiSbO3 (KNN–LS) materials family is important for sensor application. Young's modulus (E) is most influencing material's property followed by piezoelectric constant (e31), dielectric constant (ε) and Poisson's ratio (υ) for cantilever-based piezoelectric sensor applications.
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- 2015
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21. Electrochemical and piezocatalysis properties of Bi0.5(Na0.9K0.1)0.5TiO3 ceramic
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Yuzhen Sun, Yuting Han, Rong Xing, Imed Boukhris, and Anuruddh Kumar
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Process Chemistry and Technology ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2023
22. Solar assisted thermoelectric cooling/heating system for vehicle cabin during parking: A numerical study
- Author
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Anuruddh Kumar, Harishchandra Thakur, Rahul Vaish, and Raj Shekhar Srivastava
- Subjects
Heating system ,Thermoelectric cooling ,Meteorology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Thermoelectric effect ,Thermal ,Environmental science ,Solar simulator ,Greenhouse effect ,business ,Solar energy ,Renewable energy - Abstract
Vehicles parked under blazing sun increases the cabin temperature to a broiling point as greenhouse effect comes into play. Similar is found in winter season when vehicle is parked in open, cabin temperature falls drastically. This extreme rise and fall in the vehicle cabin temperature, results in more fossil fuel consumption to power air-conditioner for high loads, which eventually leads to increase in generation of harmful gases. Additionally, the drastic condition inside vehicle cabin makes it profusely miserable for human comfort. Thus, relevant renewable energy powered cooling/heating system is required for the vehicle cabin when parked in open areas. Therefore, in this study initially, a 3D heat and mass transfer model is developed for evaluating temperature variations in vehicle cabin for summer and winter seasons. Then, a solar powered thermoelectric cooling-heating system is proposed to resolve the extreme rise and fall of vehicle cabin temperature without running the engine or using any power from the primary source. And, the thermal performance of the proposed system is evaluated and assessed in the numerical study. The proposed system was able to reduce the average temperature of the cabin space by 17 °C in summer season and the average temperature rise of the cabin space is found by 15 °C in winter season. The solar simulator for the vehicle rooftop solar panel investigated annual averages of normalized energy per day and loss in solar energy collection due to variation in tilt angle, which was around 20%. Thus, the present study demonstrates the feasibility of proposed novel solar assisted thermoelectric cooling/heating system in both summer and winter seasons. Hence, study demonstrates that the thermoelectric technology with solar assistance is effective and viable for cooling and heating of vehicle cabin during parking.
- Published
- 2022
23. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Bi 2 VO 5.5 for Improved Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
- Author
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Manish Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Tae Hyun Sung, Anuruddh Kumar, and El Sayed Yousef
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2023
24. Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Energy Harvester: A Numerical Study
- Author
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Anuruddh Kumar, Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari, Sobhy M. Ibrahim, Paramanandam Thomas, and Rahul Vaish
- Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Signal Processing ,functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) ,energy harvesting ,nonlinear vibration ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
The performance of linear energy harvesters is primarily confined to a very narrow operating frequency bandwidth around its natural frequency. Even a slight deviation of the excitation frequency from the fundamental frequency of the system tremendously reduces the harvester’s performance. In order to minimize this shortcoming, the presented study considers the piezoelectric energy harvester with magnets introducing non-linearity in the system. The simple harmonic balance method is used to solve the non-linearity and for computing the voltage output and power in the frequency domain. In addition, the study also incorporates the functionally graded piezoelectric materials because of their superior properties. The distance between magnets (d0) has been varied from 0.4 mm to 10 mm along with grading index (n) in the range of 0 to ∞. Finally, voltage and power across the resistance were computed. The effective harvesting frequency range for d0 = 0.4 mm and n = 1 is observed in the range of 20 Hz to 85 Hz, while it was only between 35 Hz and 65 Hz for d0 = 10 mm, yielding a 216% increase in the frequency bandwidth. Under different case studies, the peak output power varied from 2 mW (d0 = 0.4 mm and n = ∞) to 6 mW (d0 = 10 mm and n = 0).
- Published
- 2022
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25. Performance enhancement of functionally graded piezoelectric tile by tailoring poling orientation
- Author
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Rajeev Kumar, Satish C. Jain, Jitendra Adhikari, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
Materials science ,Orientation (computer vision) ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Mathematics ,Poling ,Aerospace Engineering ,020101 civil engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Engineering physics ,Piezoelectricity ,Functionally graded material ,Finite element method ,0201 civil engineering ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,visual_art ,Automotive Engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Tile ,Performance enhancement ,Energy harvesting ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Improving the operating efficiency of piezoelectric tiles is currently a significant subject of scientific study. The current work proposes a viable solution for enhancing the efficiency of existin...
- Published
- 2021
26. Active vibration control of smart structure using poling tuned piezoelectric material
- Author
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Rajeev Kumar, Saurav Sharma, Rahul Vaish, Anuruddh Kumar, and Mohammad Talha
- Subjects
Fuzzy logic controller ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Acoustics ,Active vibration control ,Poling ,Structure (category theory) ,General Materials Science ,Piezoelectricity - Abstract
In this article, active vibration control of a piezo laminated smart structure is presented using poling tuned piezoelectric material. To improve the performance of existing materials and utilize the actuation potential of different modes of operation ( d31, d33, and d15), simultaneously, the poling direction of the piezoelectric materials is altered and an optimum poling direction is found. Poling tuned piezoelectric patches at the top and bottom layers of the structure are mounted which act as sensors and actuators, respectively. The computational technique used for calculating the time history of the structure is a finite element method. A fuzzy logic controller is developed to compute the appropriate actuator signal as output while taking sensor voltage and its derivative as input. The controlled response due to this fuzzy logic controller is calculated for different piezoelectric materials under consideration and the performance of these materials in active vibration control is compared. Influence of poling angle on the controlled response of the structure is scrutinized and is found to vary from material to material. A large enhancement due to poling tuning is seen in the properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-0.35PT), whereas other materials show very less improvement or even decay in the properties.
- Published
- 2020
27. Piezoelectric nanogenerator based on lead-free BiFeO3:Sr perovskite
- Author
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Shubhangi Khadtare, Anuruddh Kumar, Uijin Jung, Chengwen Sang, and Jinsub Park
- Subjects
Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys - Published
- 2022
28. Comparative Study of the Effective Properties of 0–3 and Gyroid Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Cement‐Piezocomposites
- Author
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Saptarshi Karmakar, Raj Kiran, Rahul Vaish, Vishal Singh Chauhan, Samia Ben Ahmed, Imed Boukhris, Wonseop Hwang, Tae Hyun Sung, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2022
29. Effect of Poling on Photocatalysis, Piezocatalysis, and Photo–Piezo Catalysis Performance of BaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 Ceramics
- Author
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Pushpendra Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Tae Hyun Sung, Wonseop Hwang, Hyeong Kwang Benno Park, Anuruddh Kumar, Imen Kebaili, and Imed Boukhris
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2022
30. Poling tuning: A plausible solution for minimizing microphony and secondary pyroelectric coefficient in ferroelectrics
- Author
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Raj Kiran, Rajeev Kumar, Rahul Vaish, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
Marketing ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Poling ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Optoelectronics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,business ,Pyroelectricity - Published
- 2019
31. Rapid bacterial disinfection using low frequency piezocatalysis effect
- Author
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Anuruddh Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Satvasheel Powar, and Moolchand Sharma
- Subjects
Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,General Chemical Engineering ,Bacterial degradation ,02 engineering and technology ,Low frequency ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bactericidal effect ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Wavelength ,Mechanical vibration ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Biophysics ,Ceramic ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The present work is the systematic study of ferrocatalysis, ferro-photocatalysis, piezocatalysis and piezo-photocatalysis effects for bacterial degradation. The investigation revealed the ferrocatalysis driven bacterial degradation rate can be improved with incorporation of light of suitable wavelength, vibration and combination of both. Complete bacterial disinfection was achieved through piezo-photocatalysis effect using poled BaTiO 3 (BT) ceramic within 30 min of exposure. Bacterial degradation was observed using surface potential generated on the surface of BT during mechanical vibration. Interestingly, it was found that lower frequency (8 Hz) was able to develop sufficient voltage to trigger bactericidal effect. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study effect of catalytic processes on the morphology of bacterial cells.
- Published
- 2019
32. Pyroelectric energy conversion using Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramics and its cement-based composites
- Author
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Moolchand Sharma, Anuruddh Kumar, Sidhant Kumar, Satyanarayan Patel, K. S. Srikanth, Rajeev Kumar, Puneet Azad, and Rahul Vaish
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,Cement composites ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Ferroelectricity ,Pyroelectricity ,visual_art ,0103 physical sciences ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Energy transformation ,General Materials Science ,Ceramic ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Cement based composites - Abstract
In this article, we focus on cement-binded Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramics for pyroelectric applications. It was prepared with the Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-to-cement ratios of 85%:15% and 80%:20% by weight. In order to improve the effectiveness of thermal-to-electric energy conversion, the synchronized switch harvesting on inductor technique is experimentally tested on cement composites. Our experimental findings reveal that this concept based on synchronized switch harvesting on inductor can significantly increase the amount of power extracted from pyroelectric materials. Furthermore, the optimized power across 15% and 20% cement composites were found to be 7.2 and 6 nW, respectively, in series synchronized switch harvesting on inductor and 8.5 and 7 nW, respectively, in parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor. These values are significantly higher when compared with non-switched circuit for pyroelectric applications. Although, from the obtained results for the prepared composites, the power output is less when compared with pure Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3, they have some advantages: these composites can be made without any sintering process and are compatible for structural applications.
- Published
- 2019
33. Deciphering the importance of graded poling in piezoelectric materials: A numerical study
- Author
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Saurav Sharma, Anuruddh Kumar, Raj Kiran, Rahul Vaish, and Rajeev Kumar
- Subjects
Materials science ,piezoelectricity ,Poling ,graded poling ,Piezoelectricity ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,Transverse mode ,shear mode ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Shear mode ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Composite material ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,transverse mode - Abstract
Piezoelectric materials play an important role in powering nano and microelectromechanical systems. However, these are often limited by their low sensing, actuation, and power outputs. This study proposes a novel poling direction arrangement theoretically in the piezoelectric materials which enhances the output parameters drastically. The poling angle was graded from bottom to top surface of element in linear fashion which helps in utilizing the bending and shear stresses efficiently. The sensing, actuation and energy harvesting performance of Pb[ZrxTi1‐x]O3 in graded mode was compared with those obtained from operating in transverse and shear modes. It was found from finite element simulations that a maximum sensing voltage of 11.85 V was been obtained in graded mode which was around 15 times higher than that obtained in shear mode. Likewise, a maximum strain of 8.2 μm/m and a tip displacement of 34.3 μm was observed in the graded mode. Eventually, the maximum power of 0.12 W was harvested from graded mode harvester followed by shear mode harvester where only : 1.6 × 10−3 W could be harvested. However, the associated challenge with such study is the fabrication and graded poling of piezoelectric which still is an unexplored research area for scientific fraternity.
- Published
- 2020
34. Poling direction driven large enhancement in piezoelectric performance
- Author
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Raj Kiran, Rahul Vaish, Rajeev Kumar, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Poling ,Metals and Alloys ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Piezoelectricity ,Transverse plane ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,visual_art ,Orientation (geometry) ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Crystallite ,Ceramic ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This study proposes enhancement in piezoelectric performance by tuning the poling direction in polycrystalline ceramics. Theoretically, it has been proven that transverse piezoelectric strain coefficient (d31) and d 31 eff e 33 eff , governing factors for actuation and sensing respectively, get modified by altering poling direction. Finally, different polycrystalline materials have been employed to explore the effect of poling orientation on sensing and actuation capabilities. Optimised orientations were calculated for case of sensing and actuation. Among all materials under study, maximum increment in d31eff and d 31 eff e 33 eff was observed for 0.3BaTiO3 − 0.7NaNbO3 (BT-Nb). d31eff and d 31 eff e 33 eff were as high as −356 pm/V and −0.152 pm/V respectively for BT-Nb at optimised orientation.
- Published
- 2018
35. Lead-Free Pyroelectric Materials for Thermal Energy Harvesting: A Comparative Study
- Author
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Manish Vaish, Vishal S. Chauhan, Sidhant Kumar, K. S. Srikanth, Anuruddh Kumar, Vishvendra Pratap Singh, and Rahul Vaish
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy harvesting ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Ferroelectricity ,Engineering physics ,Pyroelectricity ,General Energy ,Lead (geology) ,0103 physical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,Energy harvesting - Published
- 2018
36. Large Gain in Pyroelectric Energy Conversion through a Candle Soot Coating
- Author
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Moolchand Sharma, V.P. Singh, Anuruddh Kumar, Rajeev Kumar, and Rahul Vaish
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Energy storage ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pyroelectricity ,General Energy ,Coating ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Energy transformation ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Energy harvesting ,Candle soot - Published
- 2018
37. A Water-Driven Triboelectric Generator for Electrocatalytic Wastewater Treatment
- Author
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Rajeev Kumar, H. S. Kushwaha, Anuruddh Kumar, and Rahul Vaish
- Subjects
Generator (computer programming) ,Materials science ,Waste management ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,General Energy ,Wastewater ,Sewage treatment ,Water treatment ,0210 nano-technology ,Triboelectric effect - Published
- 2018
38. Development and applications of thermoelectric based dehumidifiers
- Author
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Rahul Vaish, Raj Shekhar Srivastava, Saurav Sharma, Satyanarayan Patel, Anuruddh Kumar, and Harishchandra Thakur
- Subjects
Thermoelectric cooling ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Thermoelectric effect ,Building and Construction ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Process engineering ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The review describes the development and advancement of thermoelectric based dehumidifier systems. Thermoelectric cooling in thermoelectric dehumidifiers has various advantages over conventional techniques, such as lightweight, compact size, noise-free (no moving part), and eco-friendly operation. The review initially describes the basic principle and different techniques used for dehumidification. Then, thermoelectric dehumidifiers are introduced and their governing parameters are discussed. Further, thermoelectric dehumidifier-based prototypes are reviewed and discussed over their design and performance. The patents and commercialized products developed on thermoelectric dehumidifiers were also briefly discussed and compared. Lastly, this review states the challenges for the more efficient and large-scale operation of thermoelectric-based dehumidifiers and simplifies ways for further improvement. Thus, the study illustrates the current status of thermoelectric dehumidifiers and provides futuristic scopes for their development.
- Published
- 2021
39. Finite Element Study on Acoustic Energy Harvesting Using Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
- Author
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Rahul Vaish, Rajeev Kumar, Anshul Sharma, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Piezoelectric coefficient ,Materials science ,Acoustics ,Bimorph ,Natural frequency ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Resonator ,Piezoelectric motor ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Sound pressure ,Voltage - Abstract
In this article, a numerical investigation is performed for ambient acoustic energy harvesting at a low-frequency acoustic signal. A model of a quarter-wavelength resonator with a rectangular cross section is constructed, and piezoelectric-laminated bimorph plates are placed inside the system. Finite element modeling is implemented to numerically formulate the piezoelectric energy harvester. With the application of acoustic pressure at the open end of the resonator, amplified acoustic pressure inside the tube vibrates the piezolaminated bimorphs inside the tube, thus generating electric potential on the piezoelectric layers. To generate higher voltage and power in the acoustic harvester, multiple piezolaminated plates are positioned inside the resonator. The lead-free piezoelectric material K0.475Na0.475Li0.05 (Nb0.92Ta0.05Sb0.03)O3 (KNLNTS) is laminated on the host structure as a layer of piezoelectric material for the acoustic energy harvester. With the application of an acoustic sound pressure of 1 dB at the opening of the tube, a maximum output voltage of 16.3 V is measured at the first natural frequency, while the maximum power calculated is 0.033 mW. Maximum voltage is obtained when five piezoelectric bimorphs are place inside the resonator. At the second natural frequency, the maximum voltage measured is 8.40 V, obtained when eight piezoelectric bimorphs are placed inside the resonator, and the maximum power calculated is 0.020 mW.
- Published
- 2017
40. A numerical study on anomalous behavior of piezoelectric response in functionally graded materials
- Author
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Rahul Vaish, Anshul Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Satish C. Jain, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Piezoelectric coefficient ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Modulus ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Lead zirconate titanate ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Polyvinylidene fluoride ,Finite element method ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,Solid mechanics ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Finite element-based simulations have been performed on piezoelectric-based functionally graded materials (FGM). PZT (Lead zirconate titanate) and PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) FGM composites have been investigated. Anomalous enhancement in output voltage has been observed at grading index n = 0.05 (Voltage = 210 V), which is 105 and 185% higher than the original material at n = 0 (PVDF) and n = ∞ (PZT), respectively. Further, role of Young’s modulus, dielectric constant, and piezoelectric constant was systematically investigated to understand this enhancement. It is found that performance of FGM not only relies on piezoelectric constants but also largely depends upon values of Young’s modulus and dielectric constant.
- Published
- 2017
41. Structural Optimization for Wideband Flexoelectric Energy Harvester Using Bulk Paraelectric Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3
- Author
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Rajeev Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Satish C. Jain, Aditya Chauhan, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Maximum power principle ,business.industry ,Flexoelectricity ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Ferroelectricity ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,visual_art ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Optoelectronics ,Energy transformation ,Ceramic ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Wideband ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Energy harvesting - Abstract
Flexoelectricity is a phenomenon which allows all crystalline dielectric materials to exhibit strain-induced polarization. With recent articles reporting giant flexoelectric coupling coefficients for various ferroelectric materials, this field must be duly investigated for its application merits. In this study, a wide-band linear energy harvesting device has been proposed using Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 ceramic. Both structural and material parameters were scrutinized for an optimized approach. Dynamic analysis was performed using finite element modeling to evaluate several important parameters including beam deflection, open circuit voltage and net power output. It was revealed that open circuit voltage and net power output lack correlation. Further, power output lacks a dependency on optimized width ratios, with the highest power output of 0.07 μW being observed for a width ratio of 0.33 closely followed by ratios of 0.2 and 0.5 (∼0.07 μW) each. The resulting power was generated at discrete (resonant) frequencies lacking a broadband structure. A compound design with integrated beams was proposed to overcome this drawback. The finalized design is capable of a maximum power output of >0.04 μW with an operational frequency of 90–110 Hz, thus allowing for a higher power output in a broader frequency range.
- Published
- 2017
42. Finite Element Study on Performance of Piezoelectric Bimorph Cantilevers Using Porous/Ceramic 0–3 Polymer Composites
- Author
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Rahul Vaish, Rajeev Kumar, Vishal S. Chauhan, Anuruddh Kumar, and Raj Kiran
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Isotropy ,Bimorph ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Finite element method ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,Volume fraction ,Materials Chemistry ,Representative elementary volume ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Porosity ,Porous medium - Abstract
Finite element analysis of 0–3 composites made of piezoceramic particles and pores embedded in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) has been carried out. The representative volume element (RVE) approach was used to calculate the effective elastic and piezoelectric properties of the periodic isotropic 0–3 piezoelectric composites. It was observed that the elastic and piezoelectric properties increased with the volume fraction of $${\hbox{K}}_{0.475} {\hbox{Na}}_{0.475} {\hbox{Li}}_{0.05} \left( {{\hbox{Nb}}_{0.92} {\hbox{Ta}}_{0.05} {\hbox{Sb}}_{0.03} } \right){\hbox{O}}_{3}$$ (KNLNTS) particles but decreased for the porous composites. These effective properties were further used to analyze the potential use of such bimorph cantilever beams in sensing and energy harvesting applications. Sensing voltage continuously increased for KNLNTS filled composites while for porous materials it increased up to 15% volume fraction porosity and then decreased. The same trend was also observed for the power produced by the harvester. However, the sensing voltage and power produced by harvesters made of porous composites were lower than for harvesters made of pure PVDF.
- Published
- 2017
43. Pyro-paraelectric effect in ferroelectric materials: A device perspective for transcending Curie limitation
- Author
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Aditya Chauhan, Rahul Vaish, Rajeev Kumar, Anuruddh Kumar, Satyanarayan Patel, and Inna Ponomareva
- Subjects
Materials science ,Flexoelectricity ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,Atmospheric temperature range ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Ferroelectricity ,Engineering physics ,Piezoelectricity ,Pyroelectricity ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Curie ,Curie temperature ,General Materials Science ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Flexoelectric effect is acquiring increased attention owing to its potential advantages towards sensor/transducer applications. Flexoelectricity can be employed to raise the functional working temperature of most ferroelectric devices beyond Curie temperature. Few recent studies have claimed significant (flexoelectric) piezoelectric performance above Curie temperature. However, little effort has been made to develop the pyroelectric capabilities of such materials. This paper aims to highlight the pyro-paraelectric (pyroelectric above Curie temperature) attributes of multiple ferroelectric systems, under the influence of inhomogeneous strain. Furthermore, cantilever shaped system is optimised for enhanced pyroelectric performance to generate a large output signal, in a wide temperature range.
- Published
- 2017
44. Smart damping of functionally graded nanotube reinforced composite rectangular plates
- Author
-
Rajeev Kumar, C.K. Susheel, Anuruddh Kumar, and Anshul Sharma
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Piezoelectric sensor ,Natural frequency ,02 engineering and technology ,Structural engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Finite element method ,Nonlinear system ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Composite plate ,Active vibration control ,Ceramics and Composites ,Boundary value problem ,0210 nano-technology ,Actuator ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
In this study, the dynamic response and the active vibration control behavior of various functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FGCNTRC) rectangular plates is investigated numerically instrumented with piezoelectric sensor and actuator layers. The functionally graded plate is modeled using finite element method incorporating first order shear deformation theory is implemented in order to predict static and dynamic responses of vibrating structure. The linear piezoelectric theory is implemented to model the piezoelectric effect across the thickness. The equations of motion of the smart plate are formulated using Hamilton’s principle. The nonlinear fuzzy logic controller is designed as multi input-single output (MISO) system using 49 If-Then rules and implemented numerically to perform active vibration control. The results are presented both in the time domain and frequency domain. The numerical simulations conclude that the FG-O plate panel demonstrates the fastest vibration attenuation subjected to impact load using a fuzzy logic controller followed by FG-V, FG-UD and FG-X plate panels irrespective of volume fraction of the CNTs as well as boundary conditions. The effect of temperature rise and volume fraction of CNT on natural frequency of CNT reinforced composite plate with different boundary conditions is also investigated.
- Published
- 2016
45. Effect of poling direction and porosity on piezoelectric figures of merit: A numerical study
- Author
-
Rajeev Kumar, Anuruddh Kumar, Raj Kiran, and Rahul Vaish
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Poling ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Smart material ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Transverse plane ,0103 physical sciences ,Volume fraction ,Representative elementary volume ,Figure of merit ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Porosity - Abstract
Piezoelectric materials are at front of scientific research when it comes to sensing, actuation and energy harvesting from smart materials and structures. Crucial to such materials is their output power and performance in terms of figure of merit (FOM). In the present paper, we have compared the effect of two approaches, namely, introducing porosity and poling tuning on different figures of merit. Here, two material systems, 0.3BaTiO3-0.7NaNbO3 (BT-NNb) and Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 (PZT-5A), have been considered and the effective piezoelectric properties for different porosity levels (upto 25% volume fraction) and at different poling orientations were computed using representative volume element (RVE). It was observed that for BT-NNb the effective properties get optimised at a given poling orientation unlike in PZT-5A. For BT-NNb, without poling tuning, the maximum change in FOM31, FOM33 and FOMh (associated with transverse (d31), longitudinal (d33) and hydrostatic (dh) piezoelectric strain coefficients) was found to be 14.3%, 14.1% and 14.4% for 25% porous (by volume) system. On the other hand, for the same system, at optimum poling orientation all the FOMs were found to be ∼ 1000 times higher than their corresponding initial values. However, in PZT-5A, no optimum poling orientation was observed and thus it was concluded that FOMs can only be improved by introducing porosity in the system.
- Published
- 2019
46. A lever-type piezoelectric energy harvester with deformation-guiding mechanism for electric vehicle charging station on smart road
- Author
-
Wonseop Hwang, Tae Hyun Sung, Chul Hee Ryu, Anuruddh Kumar, Hyoungjin Lee, Jeong Pil Jhun, Sinwoo Jeong, Cheulho Chang, Hansun Park, Se Yeong Jeong, Deok Hwan Jeon, Jae Yong Cho, and Jung Hwan Ahn
- Subjects
business.product_category ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Pollution ,Piezoelectricity ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Automotive engineering ,Energy storage ,Power (physics) ,Vibration ,Charging station ,General Energy ,Electricity generation ,020401 chemical engineering ,Electric vehicle ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Energy harvesting ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for electric vehicles, this paper presents a novel concept to enhance the energy generation performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters used as charging stations on roads. A lever-type piezoelectric energy harvester with a deformation-guiding mechanism was designed and fabricated to overcome the existing limitations of low electrical output and low durability of piezoelectricity under extremely low road displacement conditions of 1 mm. The proposed harvester achieved a maximum output power of 60.3 mW at a load resistance of 50 kΩ under an input displacement of 1 mm. Thus, the module’s electrical performance was significantly higher than that obtained in previous similar studies. The proposed harvester had 467% higher output power than the previously proposed vibration type road energy harvester. For the energy storage test, a 0.08 F supercapacitor was charged up to 5.09 V (1 J) in 170 min. The results prove that the energy generated by the proposed harvester can be potentially used as a power source for electric vehicles on smart roads beyond the power supply of various sensor systems on the road.
- Published
- 2021
47. Geometry Independent Direct and Converse Flexoelectric Effects in Functionally Graded Dielectrics: An Isogeometric Analysis
- Author
-
Saurav Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Mohammad Talha, Anuruddh Kumar, and Rahul Vaish
- Subjects
Materials science ,Flexoelectricity ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,Isogeometric analysis ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Induced polarization ,Functionally graded material ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Barium titanate ,General Materials Science ,Electric potential ,Boundary value problem ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Instrumentation - Abstract
In the present study, a functionally graded material (FGM) based dielectric composite is investigated for direct and converse flexoelectric effects induced due to material inhomogeneity. An Isogeometric analysis based formulation is employed to effectively capture the gradient terms appearing in the electro-elastic coupling constitutive laws of flexoelectricity. Non-uniform stresses and strains generated due to non-uniform elastic properties in the domain induce flexoelectricity inherently without any special geometric and/or boundary conditions. A two-dimensional (2D) FGM structure made by the combination of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) is studied under mechanical and thermal loading conditions for its flexoelectric response. The induced polarization and voltage along with its dependence on grading index (n) is analyzed. Further, to extend the study to converse flexoelectricity, the mechanical response of the FG flexoelectric material under an applied electric potential is studied. Finally, the actuation of the structure by an applied electric field is studied. As high as 10% actuation of original displacement is observed for higher values of n. Effectiveness of the grading concept to induce flexoelectric response is established through numerical studies. Longitudinal and transverse modes of flexoelectricity are scrutinized and the concept of grading is proved to inherently induce the flexoelectricity in dielectrics without special geometric modifications.
- Published
- 2020
48. Vibration induced refrigeration and energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials: a finite element study
- Author
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Anuruddh Kumar, Rajeev Kumar, Satish C. Jain, and Rahul Vaish
- Subjects
Cantilever ,Materials science ,Electrical load ,General Chemical Engineering ,Refrigeration ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Piezoelectricity ,Finite element method ,0104 chemical sciences ,Power (physics) ,Vibration ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Energy harvesting - Abstract
In this study, the bi-functional performance of a small-scale piezoelectric cantilever, which coupled piezoelectric and elastocaloric phenomena in a single device to produce energy harvesting as well as refrigeration effects due to vibration, has been investigated. Finite element modeling has been used to examine the performance of the device. The basic structure of the device is a cantilever that vibrates between two thermal bodies (hot and cold). The properties of BaTiO3 (single crystal) were used to examine the bi-functional performance of piezoelectric cantilevers. In this study, different cases have been investigated, which are based on a number of cantilevers between hot and cold thermal bodies. When the number of cantilevers is one, the net cooling is 0.3 K and the power is 0.03 μW, while for four cantilevers, the net cooling is 1.2 K and 0.13 μW of power is produced. The results show that as we increase the number of cantilevers, a greater refrigeration effect is produced and higher power across the electrical load is achieved.
- Published
- 2018
49. A numerical study on flexoelectric bistable energy harvester
- Author
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Rahul Vaish, Anshul Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Satish C. Jain, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Cantilever ,Materials science ,Bistability ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Dielectric ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Vibration ,Magnet ,0103 physical sciences ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Energy source ,Energy harvesting ,Voltage - Abstract
A flexoelectric energy harvesting can be a viable solution of energy source for low power devices and sensors due to its higher performance at nano/micro domain size. Numerical study has been performed on energy harvester based on flexoelectric phenomenon of dielectric materials. Cantilever type structure was opted here as it induces the polarization due to the breaking of lattice symmetry upon bending. Host layer of cantilever is made of barium strontium titanate (BST) as it has high flexoelectric coefficient, and electrodes are attached with the host layer to collect the charges. In this study, nonlinearity has been introduced using pair of magnets at the free end of the cantilever. Characteristics of the harvester performance (linear–non-linear) changes by varying the distance between magnets. Results revealed that the bistable energy harvester gives more operating frequency range when excitation is random as compared to the linear energy harvester. For the given dimension of the harvester, when magnets distance d = 6 mm, effective harvesting frequency ranges are 5–17.3 and 17.6–26 Hz as compared to linear harvester. Further, role of load resistance was investigated to understand the impact on the performance. Hysteresis loop between voltage and displacement significantly varies with the resistance. This hysteresis loop confirmed the backward coupling of flexoelectric layer, in which voltage affects the displacement due to actuation. Area under the hysteresis loop is maximum for optimum resistance value (20.4 kΩ) which confirms the maximum extraction of power during vibration.
- Published
- 2018
50. Flexoelectric effect in functionally graded materials: A numerical study
- Author
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Satish C. Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Rahul Vaish, Raj Kiran, and Anuruddh Kumar
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Cantilever ,Flexoelectricity ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Modulus ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Strain gradient ,01 natural sciences ,Polyvinylidene fluoride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The flexoelectric effect has been observed in a wide range of dielectric materials. However, the flexoelectric effect can only be induced using the strain gradient. Researchers have examined the flexoelectricity using non-uniform loading (cantilever type) or non-uniform shape in dielectric materials, which may be undesirable in many applications. In the present article, we demonstrate induced flexoelectricity in dielectric functionally graded materials (FGMs) due to non-uniform Youngs’s modulus along the thickness. To examine flexoelectricity, Ba0.6 Sr0.4 TiO3 (BST) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were used to numerically simulate the performance of FGMs. 2D simulation suggests that output voltage can drastically enhance for optimum grading index of FGMs.
- Published
- 2018
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