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This paper presents the results of research carried out on the UNIOR Eye corpus, a corpus which has been built by downloading tweets related to environmental crimes. The corpus is made up of 228,412 tweets organized into four different subsections, each one concerning a specific environmental crime. For the current study we focused on the subsection of waste crimes, composed of 86,206 tweets which were tagged according to the two labels alert and no alert. The aim is to build a model able to detect which class a tweet belongs to.

The present paper analyzes the main findings collected from the first year of operation of the MontenegroItaly interconnector, i.e., MON.ITA HVDC. Briefly the main technical characteristics of the asset are provided. A focus on the hourly commercial programs on day ahead market experienced during the 2020 are analyzed and compared with the real physical flows. Then active and reactive power control are described with the aid of some real use cases collected from both the commissioning and the first year of operation. Finally, general concluding remarks are given together with an outlook on future role of HVDC technology within the framework of renewable energy sources and European market integration.

Computational Stylometry develops techniques that allow scholars to find out information about authors of texts by means of an automatic stylistic analysis. Indeed, each author’s style is unique, and no two authors are characterized by the same set of stylistic features. Several scholars focus on the analysis of different stylistic features and specific linguistic phenomena. The complex semantic aspects of figurative language remain one of the less investigated stylistic features, due to the lack of precise mapping between linguistic realizations and the concepts underlying the figurative language. Metaphors, similes, metonymies, and figurative language as a whole play an important role in how we mold our day-to-day reality, and they are represented through specific linguistic phenomena suitable to expressing specific conceptualization. Several linguistic devices and markers may highlight the presence of metaphorical expressions and other figures of speech. In this paper, we present research that exploits NooJ software and its linguistic resources to identify metaphors, oxymorons, and similes using a corpus of Italian dream descriptions, built by collecting dream descriptions from several blog users. Our goals, using NooJ’s features, are to build a domain dictionary able to represent lexical and semantic characteristics of metaphorical expressions, and to build model grammars able to recognize, extract, and tag these metaphors and figures of speech on the basis of different linguistic devices.

The flow-based methodology is a relatively new approach for the allocation of cross-border exchanges between control areas, alternative to the classical so-called NTC based methodology. At a glance, the flow-based methodology aims at determining a multi-dimensional domain where the inter-TSO energy trading is possible, taking into account the security of the transmission grid, by means of a sensitivity approach on the network elements. The flow-based methodology is particularly indicated for highly meshed power systems, where the strong interdependence among several interconnected grids, is a hindrance for the calculation of cross-border bilateral capacities. Indeed, the flow-based methodology better fits the meshed systems, as it guarantees the respecting of security constraints, in the different control area, in a simultaneous way. This paper reports the main outcomes of the analysis run on the Northern Italian interconnection applying a flow-based methodology for the assessment of cross-border power exchanges.

The Electricity Balancing Regulation defines rules for a European Electricity Balancing Market (EEBM) aimed at the exchange of manual frequency restoration reserves among the transmission system operators (TSOs). The implementation of the EEBM will enhance the national balancing markets and their traded products by introducing a common market platform and a standard balancing product with 15 minutes of energy delivery. Terna in their role will change a part of its balancing mechanism in order to fulfil the market requirements and ensure an activation of balancing bids compatible with grid security. This paper finally shows the challenges related to the Italian participation in the EEBM. In this framework, a possible dispatching methodology to ensure activations of balancing bids fulfilling grid security is evaluated from a theoretical perspective.

The MONITA (Montenegro-Italy) High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link is the first connection between Italian peninsula and Montenegro. The first pole of the link is in operation since the end of December 2019, this paper describes the main real-time and operational outcomes from the experience earned during the early times after the entry in operation of the link. The article focuses both on market aspects and the operational ones. The MONITA link allows, for the first time, the commercial power exchange across the Adriatic Sea from Italy to Montenegro generating commercial benefit for overall European energy market. The article analyzes the commercial outcomes giving evidence about the statistics of the direction of power flow and the saturation of the capacity of the link. The main technical outcomes are described with respect to the effect on the real time control operation due to the occurred events. Finally, the main strategy to manage the link with the Italian Load Frequency Controller (LFC) is drafted with a focus on N-1 operation.

This paper presents an overview on the early operational findings regarding the Terna’s participation in the Imbalance Netting Process (INP). Since January 2020, Terna started the operational participation in the International Grid Control Cooperation (IGCC), that is the implementation project selected by Entso-e as the European Platform for the Imbalance Netting Process (EU Commission Regulation 2017/2195). Besides the compliance with the EU regulation, the implementation of this process ensures an optimized activation of automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR), allowing higher levels of security as well as an economic benefit for the participating TSOs. In this context, the paper describes the main technical outcomes regarding the interaction between the Imbalance Netting Process and the Italian Load Frequency Controller. Finally, the paper provides a brief description of the IGCC settlement process and the economic benefit related to the reduction of the aFRR activations.

Evaluating Artificial Players for the Language Game “La Ghigliottina” (Ghigliottin-AI) task is one of the tasks organized in the context of the 2020 EVALITA edition, a periodic evaluation campaign of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and speech tools for the Italian language. Ghigliottin-AI participants are asked to build an artificial player able to solve “La Ghigliottina”, namely the final game of an Italian TV show called “L’Eredità”. The game involves a single player who is given a set of five words unrelated to each other, but related with a sixth word that represents the solution to the game. Fourteen teams registered to Ghigliottin-AI. Nevertheless, only two teams submitted their run. In order to evaluate the submitted systems, we rely on an API base methodology, via a Remote Evaluation Server (RES). In this report we describe the Ghigliottin-AI task, the data, the evaluation and we discuss results.

This paper describes Il mago della Ghigliottina, a bot which took part in the Ghigliottin-AI task of the Evalita 2020 evaluation campaign. The aim is to build a system able to solve the TV game “La Ghigliottina”. Our system has already participated in the Evalita 2018 task NLP4FUN. Compared to that occasion, it improved its accuracy from 61% to 68.6%. Questo contributo descrive Il mago della Ghigliottina, un bot che ha partecipato a Ghigliottin-AI, uno dei task di Evalita 2020. Scopo del task è mettere in piedi un sistema automatico capace di risolvere il gioco televisivo “La Ghigliottina”. Il nostro sistema ha già partecipato all’edizione del 2018 di Evalita al task NLP4FUN. Rispetto all’edizione del 2018 di NLP4FUN, l’accuratezza è salita dal 61% al 68.6%.

The transmission system is affected by natural phenomena that could endanger the electrical infrastructure causing damage to the equipment and affecting the security of supply. The present paper describes the effect on electricity assets of ice and snow and the main preventive measures that the Transmission System Operators (TSOs) can adopt in order to increase the resilience of the grid. The first part of the paper provides a general overview of the natural phenomena leading to wet and ice sleeves accretion around the conductors of the Overhead Lines (OHL), while the second part describes the most advanced solutions to prevent icing phenomena on OHL in terms of both operation grid schemes and anti-icing equipment.

The Regional Security Coordinators (RSCs) are companies owned by TSOs, which provide key services for grid planning and operation. The Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 of 2 August 2017 (i.e. System Operation Guideline - SOGL) makes operational coordination mandatory through RSCs, nevertheless TSOs remain responsible for security in their area. Terna, as Italian TSO, since 2009, receives the above-mentioned services by Coreso, a joint service company of nine Transmission System Operators (TSOs) from eighth countries based in Brussels. The paper describes the main characteristics of the services offered by the RSCs and provides an overview on the opportunity to start a new company acting as RSC for the Greece - Italy (GRIT) region. At present, the aims of this new entity will be to perform the role of coordinated capacity calculator according to article 27 of CACM GL, to build a common grid model in accordance of SOGL, to provide regional operational security coordination, to perform outage planning coordination and to perform regional adequacy assessment.

Operational training and certification are required in order to guarantee that system operator employees and other operational staff are skilled and well trained, and that real-time disparchers are certified to manage the transmission system in a secure way during all operational situations. Rules on training and certification strengthen and formalize existing best practices amongst TSOs and ensure that minimum standards are applied across European Union. The above-mentioned purpose is set by the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 of 2 August 2017 (i.e. System Operation Guideline - SOGL). The regulation establishes three main programs for certification of real time operators: an initial training program, a rolling program (so called continuous training), and a common program involving also other relevant stakeholders (e.g. neighbouring TSOs, distributors, etc.). Terna, as the Italian TSO, has implemented the provisions of the legislation by defining a specific training program. In this context, the paper describes the framework of the courses and the topics and objectives of each training program. Training contents are customized on the specific role of each real time operator and cover all their operational careers. Finally, a specific section of the paper is dedicated to the Operational Training Simulator (OTS) deployed byTerna.

The MONITA (MONtenegro-ITaly) High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link will connect the Italian peninsula and the South East Europe in order to allow the most efficient use of generation capacity located in Eastern countries, to enable possible mutual support between the Italian and the Balkan power systems and to contribute to the integration of the renewable generation. In order to verify all the characteristics and functionalities of the HVDC are compliant with the project specification and to test the impact on the interconnected power system, a commissioning phase before the start of the link operation is needed. In this context, the paper describes the commissioning process by real-time operation point of view, focusing on the coordination between the Terna and other involved parties, both for the weekly commissioning program definition and for the real-time testing. The paper, moreover, provides an overview of the specific tests performed, with reference to the impact for the Italian electrical system in terms of power flow distribution.

The present paper intends to give a general overview on the future European Electricity Balancing Platforms, with a detailed focus on the International Grid Control Cooperation (IGCC) appointed by Entso-e as the European Platform to implement the Imbalance Netting Process (INP). With the entry into force of the EU Regulation 2017/2195 (so called Electricity Balancing Guidelines, EBGL), all European Transmission System Operators (TSOs) shall implement European Platforms for the cross-border exchange of balancing reserves and a Platform for the Imbalance Netting process. Imbalance Netting is the coordinated process among TSOs aimed at avoiding simultaneous counter-activation of automatic Frequency Restoration Reserves (aFRR). Terna, as the Italian TSO, will participate in the Imbalance Netting Platform, according to the timeline defined by the abovementioned Regulation. In this context, the paper describes the imbalance netting process, Terna's participation and the foreseen benefits for the Italian electrical system.

The aim of this paper is to show the importance of Computational Stylometry (CS) and Machine Learning (ML) support in author's gender and age detection in cyberbullying texts. We developed a cyberbullying detection platform and we show the results of performances in terms of Precision, Recall and F -Measure for gender and age detection in cyberbullying texts we collected.

Hate speech may take different forms in online social environments. In this paper, we address the problem of automatic detection of misogynous language on Italian tweets by focusing both on raw text and stylometric profiles. The proposed exploratory investigation about the adoption of stylometry for enhancing the recognition capabilities of machine learning models has demonstrated that profiling users can lead to good discrimination of misogynous and not misogynous contents.