Active and Reactive Power control of Italy – Montenegro HVDC First year of operation

The present paper analyzes the main findings collected from the first year of operation of the MontenegroItaly interconnector, i.e., MON.ITA HVDC. Briefly the main technical characteristics of the asset are provided. A focus on the hourly commercial programs on day ahead market experienced during the 2020 are analyzed and compared with the real physical flows. Then active and reactive power control are described with the aid of some real use cases collected from both the commissioning and the first year of operation. Finally, general concluding remarks are given together with an outlook on future role of HVDC technology within the framework of renewable energy sources and European market integration.