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Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: A finales del 2019 en Wuhan, China, se reportó el origen de una nueva enfermedad infecciosa con alta capacidad zoonótica denominada COVID-19, cuya etiología radica en el virus SARS- CoV-2. Dicha enfermedad, se ha propagado a escala mundial, incrementándose el número de contagios y muertes de forma exponencial. Esto ha conllevado a que no existan fármacos específicos para su tratamiento; sin embargo, hasta la fecha, su manejo terapéutico se basa en el reposicionamiento de medicamentos aprobados clínicamente. Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de la terapia farmacológica empleada en el manejo de síntomas y/o complicaciones de la COVID-19, considerando la evidencia publicada y su balance riesgo-beneficio. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativa, cuya información ha sido obtenida de Bases de Datos científicas con restricción de artículos publicados en los últimos 2 años. Resultados y discusión: Fueron revisados un total de 80 artículos científicos, de los cuales se realizó una selección de 46, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propuestos. Varias clases de medicamentos como antivirales, antiparasitarios, inmunoterapia, antihistamínicos, antihipertensivos, antibióticos, corticoesteroides, antiagregantes plaquetarios, vitaminas, broncodilatadores, entre otros, han demostrado ser eficaces en el tratamiento y continúan evaluándose fármacos con actividad antiviral. Conclusión: A la luz de los conocimientos actuales, se cuenta con fármacos efectivos para el tratamiento de diferentes síntomas y/o complicaciones asociados a la enfermedad causada por SARS-CoV-2, pero, aunque existen varios candidatos terapéuticos con actividad in vitro, no hay estudios concluyentes sobre fármacos que inhiban de manera efectiva la replicación viral en humanos.

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fundamento: los interferones se han incorporado al tratamiento de pacientes sospechosos y confirmados de COVID-19. Existen reportes de reacciones adversas asociadas a este medicamento en el tratamiento de pacientes con otras enfermedades. Objetivo: describir las reacciones adversas asociadas con el Heberon® Alfa R 3 M en el tratamiento de pacientes sospechosos y confirmados de COVID-19, ingresados en el centro de atención “Motel Los Cocos”, en Las Tunas, entre el 6 de enero y el 30 de octubre de 2021. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, en el centro y periodo de tiempo antes definidos. De un universo de 1570 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con Heberon® Alfa R 3 M, se definió como muestra a los 730 que reportaron reacciones adversas. Resultados: el sexo no influyó en las reacciones adversas. Al grupo de edades entre los 50-59 años correspondió el 24,38 % de las reacciones, seguido por los grupos de 30-39 años (17,26 %), 40-49 años (16,30 %) y 20-29 años (13,15 %). Se notificaron 1102 reacciones adversas; las más frecuentes fueron: cefalea (41,23 % de los eventos), fiebre (28,08 %), malestar general (18,49 %) y escalofrío (15,75). Los pacientes tuvieron reacciones adversas de intensidad moderada (62,87 %) y leve (37,13 %), con las primeras dosis y no requirieron la suspensión del tratamiento. Conclusiones: el Heberon® Alfa R 3 M es un medicamento seguro en el tratamiento de pacientes sospechosos y confirmados de COVID-19.

Summary: COVID-19 continues to pose a significant threat: mortality stands at nearly twice that of influenza, and the incidence rate is growing as the population's vaccination rate decreases, particularly in Spain and other areas of Europe. Given this situation, it is vitally important know whether medical protocols are consistent and appropriately implemented by health care staff in the interest of preventing possible inefficiency or inequity. Physicians from hospital emergency departments met to study their hospitals' usual clinical practices for managing SARS-CoV-2 infection and to determine their expert opinions on the use of antiviral agents. The participating physicians then reached consensus on evidencebased recommendations for strategies that would optimize emergency treatment.

Introduction: Despite the decrease of hepatitis C in Spanish prisons in the last years, it still remains a reservoir for infection. The aim of this work is to analyze the characteristics of these patients and the response to antiviral treatment over the last 18 years., Methods: Retrospective observational study in inmates of Araba penitentiary center diagnosed with HCV infection between 2002 and 2020. A descriptive analysis of patient characteristics and the response to the three antiviral treatment modalities was performed: peg-interferon and ribavirin, peg-interferon, ribavirin and a first-generation protease inhibitor and different combinations of direct-acting antivirals., Results: A total of 248 antiviral treatments were prescribed. Treatment response rate up to 2015 was 65% and 93,7% after that year. Interferon non-responders were the main cause of non-response to treatment in periods 1 and 2 (40%-50%). Conversely, in period 3 viral breakthrough (67%) was the main culprit., Conclusion: After 18 years, active hepatitis C infection in prison inmates has resolved with treatment according to clinical criteria. Therefore, the stay in prison may represent an opportunity to reduce the reservoir of the disease in the community, together with continued health care for those released from prison., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Up to date drug-based treatments for COVID-19 have not been approved. The most effective way to face this public health problem is prevention with adequate nutrition, hygiene, and protection measures. Food has historically been used by people to improve their nutrition and complement the treatment or prevention of diseases. The various bioactive compounds of some foods are known, which in experimental studies demonstrated their antiviral and immunomodulatory action. Objective: To identify bioactive compounds of foods or food preparations with potential immunomodulatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral effects against coronavirus. Material and Methods: A search was carried out in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library on Traditional Complementary and Integrative Medicine using the terms food, immunomodulatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral in four successive searches. Results: 93 articles were obtained, and further evidence of antiviral and immunological effect against coronavirus was identified on nine foods: Allium sativum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus sinensis, Zingiber officinale, Vitis vinifera, Allium cepa, Curcuma longa, Punica granatum, and Sambucus nigra. The first four of them showed activity against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The immunological and antiviral effect against coronavirus of nine foods was evidenced; however, they are in silico and in vitro studies, therefore it is required further preclinical and clinical research to confirm this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the greatest issue facing global health due to its rapid expansion. Given this scenario, the phytotherapy has demonstrated its importance since time immemorial providing therapeutic innovations. In this context, a review of the official bibliographic references of the country was carried out, crossing them with the Natural medicine database of the Karolinska Institute, obtaining 25 medicinal plants with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Then, three databases were used: Scopus, Google Scholar and BVS-MTCI, which through a focused screening in both effects for RNA viruses, it was left 79 articles, corresponding to 14 medicinal plants; of these plants, 7 presented anti-coronavirus effects: Sambucus nigra, Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Eucalyptus globulus, Aloe vera, and Camellia sinensis; the last three from these, in addition, have a potential effect against SARS-CoV-2, and for this reason, an in-depth study of their therapeutic properties is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: extraer y evaluar la actividad antiviral de los compuestos de Chondracanthus chamissoi y Chlorella peruviana contra DENV-2 en células Vero-76. Materiales y métodos: se extrajeron el carragenano de Chondracanthus chamissoi, los carbohidratos solubles de Chondracanthus chamissoi y Chlorella peruviana y se realizó la prueba de toxicidad en células VERO-76 y la evaluación de la actividad antiviral. Resultados: se obtuvieron carragenanos de la fase de esporofito y gametofito de Chondracanthus chamissoi, los mismos que fueron identificados, mediante infrarrojo, como k-carragenano. Por cromatografía se identificaron nueve azúcares (ribosa, xilosa, arabinosa, fructuosa, manosa, galactosa, sucrosa, maltosa y lactosa) en la muestra de carbohidratos solubles de Chondracanthus chamissoi fase gametofito y cuatro azucares (glucosa, sucrosa, maltosa y lactosa) en la de Chlorella peruviana. Los compuestos de Chondracanthus chamissoi y la solución de carbohidratos solubles de Chlorella peruviana no presentaron efecto citotóxico; los carbohidratos del extracto crudo de Chlorella peruviana sí los tuvieron. Todas las fracciones del extracto crudo de Chondracanthus chamissoi fase gametofítica fueron positivas por la prueba de reducción del número de placas(50) a la dilución 1:5. El k-carragenano de Chondracanthus chamissoi en ambas fases y los extractos crudos de carbohidratos solubles de Chondracanthus chamissoi, Chlorella peruviana y la solución de carbohidratos solubles de Chlorella peruviana inhibieron el crecimiento del virus dengue, pero no los carbohidratos del extracto crudo de la Chlorella peruviana. Conclusiones: los compuestos obtenidos de Chondracanthus chamissoi y Chlorella peruviana presentan actividad antiviral contra DENV-2 por lo cual es necesario continuar los estudios del potencial antiviral de estos compuestos fraccionados y purificados.

Objective: To identify and characterize the actions/interventions carried out by pharmaceutical services to approach patients with Hepatitis C and propose a clinical pathway for managing the disease that involves pharmacists. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE using the terms "Hepatitis C," "Pharmaceutical Services," "Community Pharmacy Services," and "Pharmacies." Articles published until March 31, 2019, whose central topic was the activities carried out by the pharmaceutical services in the care of patients with Hepatitis C, were included. Information on the activity performed, the person in charge, whether the intervention was individual or collective, and the implementation environment was collected. The activities were grouped into promotion and prevention, administrative management, pharmaceutical care, research, and other support services. Based on the above, a clinical pathway for the management of Hepatitis C involving pharmacists was proposed. Results: Sixty articles were included, mainly descriptive studies. Most publications reported interventions in the United States and Spain. Pharmaceutical staff involvement was identified at each stage of the care process, including the provision of harm reduction services, Hepatitis C virus screening, enrolling patients to treatment, medication prescription, and laboratory orders. Conclusions: The actions/interventions carried out by the pharmaceutical service for Hepatitis C management were identified and characterized. A clinical pathway has been proposed to integrate professional pharmaceutical services with other patient care activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After primary infection, varicella zoster virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia. When it reactivates, the so-called herpes zoster (HZ) occurs, in which there is an inflammation of the correspondent nerve known as herpetic neuritis (HN). In the majority of cases, HZ causes dermatomal pain, most frequently affecting thoracic dermatomes. Usually, the acute pain resolves with the healing of the vesicular rash, however, in some patients (with greater risk in those with severe pain, older than fifty years old, who present severe vesicular rash, or who are immunocompromised) pain can persist for several months or even years. This is why appropriate management of zoster associated pain is critical. The most frequently used medications for this purpose in the acute phase are antivirals, NSAID, acetaminophen, corticosteroids and, depending on the severity, opioid pain relievers. Meanwhile, for persistent and chronic pain, the main medications are transdermal lidocaine (patches), capsaicin, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, and opioid analgesics. In this way, recognizing the importance of appropriated pain management, especially knowing its role in the quality of life and the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia, this article proposes a fast review of the current literature regarding this topic and exposes the pros and cons of the different treatments available, alongside with their evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: New information for potential treatments against SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly increasing. As a result, countries and organizations have begun to release therapeutic guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To provide a synopsis of the recommendations supported in evidence-based guidelines for therapeutic options with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. METHOD: Rapid systematic review of guidelines and/or protocols that provide interim clinical guidance for COVID-19 disease were extracted from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Google Scholar, and a general Google search. Duplicates were removed and a summary of the proposed interventions was included. A benefit risk analysis was then conducted. RESULTS: Twenty guidelines and/or protocols were selected; the majority of which came from Europe and Latin America. Seventeen interventions were identified and classified into 6 pharmacological groups. Antimalarials, lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir were the only agents recommended and supported by clinical trials. The remaining interventions were recommended based on indirect evidence, observational studies, or in vitro studies. CONCLUSIONS: Antimalarials have shown results against COVID-19 with surrogate outcomes and the presence of serious adverse events. We recommend active monitoring of agents with potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and incorporating the results in national guidelines and protocols. Clinical trials should be conducted to show direct benefit with clinically relevant outcomes in various populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anamnesis: ingresa un felino hembra de 4 años a su control por falla renal aguda‚ los propietarios reportan un cambio en su comportamiento y salivación. Hallazgos clínicos: se hospitaliza con hipertermia‚ taquicardia y sialorrea; desarrolla glositis y estomatitis ulcerativa con secreción mucopurulenta‚ heridas cutáneas extensas‚ multifocales purulentas y ulcerativas‚ bilirrubinuria ++‚ ALT/ALKP > 650 U/L‚ ácidos biliares fuera del rango superior‚ globulinas 29‚8 g/L‚ bilirrubina en límite superior. Ayudas diagnósticas: citología dermatológica‚ creatinina de control‚ cuadro hemático‚ perfil hepático‚ test VIF y VLFe‚ test calicivirus felino Ac vcheck. Tratamiento: se instauró un tratamiento sintomático (Fluidos isotónicos‚ DMSO‚ maropitant‚ omeprazol‚ dexametasona‚ prednisolona‚ difenhidramina‚ metronidazol‚ doxiciclina‚ AINEs)‚ previo al alta se administra interferón omega‚ y al dar el alta se inicia con Aciclovir. Resultados: paciente sin mejoría con el tratamiento sintomático‚ sugiriendo la eutanasia‚ pero al administrar el interferón omega disminuyó la expansión de las lesiones y con el Aciclovir hubo una evolución positiva de las lesiones y los exámenes clínicos. Al suspender el aciclovir hubo una reincidencia de las lesiones‚ las cuales se corrigieron al reintroducir el fármaco. Conclusiones: el calicivirus felino (FCV) se trata de forma sintomática‚ sin embargo‚ casos de calicivirus sistémico (VS-FCV) que no responden a este‚ se implementa el famciclovir‚ un análogo de la guanina no disponible en Colombia. Por otro lado‚ según un estudio de 1997‚ se desaconseja el uso de aciclovir en gatos (Análogo de la guanina disponible en Colombia) debido a su efecto mielosupresor‚ hepato y nefrotóxico. Sin embargo‚ se ha utilizado aciclovir en gatos con herpesvirus y al igual que este reporte de caso‚ no mostraron efectos adversos aparentes (Hemograma‚ creatinina y GGT en rango y GPT-ALT menores)‚ además‚ se ha encontrado que el aciclovir tiene un efecto sinérgico con el interferón‚ lo que potencia su acción antiviral y reduce las dosis‚ siendo pertinente la actualización constante en el tratamiento de pacientes críticos y que no responden a tratamientos iniciales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: establecer y evaluar la relevancia clínica de las interacciones medicamentosas en el tratamiento de pacientes con hepatitis C. Método: se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed/MedLine de artículos publicados en inglés y en español, desde el 1 de enero de 2015 hasta el 30 de marzo de 2017, utilizando los términos Mesh: Hepatitis C AND drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions, de estudios realizados en humanos. La relevancia clínica de las interacciones medicamentosas se estableció y evaluó con base en la probabilidad de ocurrencia y la gravedad de la interacción. Resultados: se identificaron 184 artículos, de los cuales 92 se seleccionaron por el título y resumen para revisión completa, a 2 de ellos no fue posible acceder al texto completo. De estos, 57 aportaban interacciones, lo que permitió identificar 155 parejas de interacciones medicamentosas, de las cuales 154 (99,4 %) fueron farmacocinéticas y 1 (0,6 %) farmacodinámica. Por su parte, de las 155 parejas, 34 (21,9 %) se valoraron de nivel 1; 73 (47,1 %) de nivel 2; 48 (31,0 %) de nivel 3; y 0 (0,0 %) de nivel 4. Además, se identificaron 29 parejas agrupadas como interacciones con evidencia de ausencia de relevancia clínica. Conclusiones: más de 99 % de las interacciones medicamentosas de relevancia clínica son farmacocinéticas, asociadas con cambios en el metabolismo y el transporte de fármacos; el simeprevir y la terapia 3D (Paritaprevir/Ritonavir+ Ombitasvir+Dasabuvir) fueron los medicamentos con mayor número de interacciones.

Introduction: Influenza is a generally a benign disease, but occasionally it can cause serious complications. There is controversy about the benefits of antiviral treatment. Objectives: To provide some recommendations on the treatment with oseltamivir in paediatric patients with influenza, based on the best data available and valid in our environment. Methods: The Respiratory Infections Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases carried out a review of the literature. The findings were analysed using the GRADE methodology, and recommendations were made. Results: The systematic use of diagnostic tests for influenza in the outpatient setting, or in the emergency room, in immunocompetent patients with a compatible clinical picture is not recommended. If the aim is to prevent serious events, the use of antivirals is not recommended for the vast majority of healthy and asthmatic patients with influenza or suspected seasonal flu. The systematic use of oseltamivir in patients admitted to hospital with influenza is not recommended. Oseltamivir treatment is recommended in any patients with influenza and pneumonia or severe illness, and critically ill patients, especially during the first 48 h of illness. The treatment of patients with risk factors is recommended, considering their underlying disease. Influenza vaccination, together with basic isolation measures, continue to be the main tool in the prevention of influenza. Conclusion: In some situations, there are sufficient data to issue clear recommendations. In other situations, the data are incomplete, and only allows weak recommendations. Resumen: Introducción: La gripe es una enfermedad generalmente benigna, pero en ocasiones puede ocasionar complicaciones graves. Existe controversia sobre los beneficios del tratamiento con antivirales. Objetivos: Proporcionar unas recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento con oseltamivir en pacientes pediátricos con gripe, basadas en los mejores datos disponibles y válidas en nuestro medio. Métodos: El Grupo de Infecciones Respiratorias de la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica llevó a cabo una revisión de la bibliografía. Los hallazgos se analizaron mediante la metodología GRADE, y se elaboraron unas recomendaciones. Resultados: No se recomienda el uso sistemático de pruebas diagnósticas para la gripe en el ámbito ambulatorio y en urgencias hospitalarias en pacientes inmunocompetentes con un cuadro clínico compatible. No se recomienda el uso de antivirales a la gran mayoría de los pacientes sanos y asmáticos con gripe o sospecha de gripe estacional, si el objetivo es prevenir eventos graves. No se recomienda el uso de oseltamivir de forma sistemática en pacientes hospitalizados con gripe. Se recomienda tratar con oseltamivir a los pacientes con gripe y neumonía o enfermedad grave o a los pacientes críticos, especialmente durante las primeras 48 h de enfermedad. Se recomienda el tratamiento de los pacientes con factores de riesgo, teniendo en cuenta su enfermedad de base. La vacunación antigripal, junto a las medidas básicas de evitación, continúan siendo la principal herramienta en la prevención de la gripe. Conclusión: En algunas situaciones hay datos suficientes para emitir recomendaciones claras. En otras situaciones los datos son incompletos y solo permiten hacer recomendaciones débiles.

Background: Acute peripheral facial paralysis may be diagnosed and treated by different specialists., Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the variability in the treatment of Bell's palsy (BP) and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS) among different medical specialties., Methods: An anonymous nationwide online survey was distributed among the Spanish Societies of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL), Neurology (NRL) and Family and Community Medicine (GP)., Results: 1039 responses were obtained. 98% agreed on using corticosteroids, ORL using higher doses than NRL and GP. Among all, only 13% prescribed antivirals in BP routinely, while 31% prescribed them occasionally. The percentage of specialists not using antivirals for RHS was 5% of ORL, 11% of NRL, and 23% of GP (GP vs. NRL p = 0.001; GP vs. ORL p < 0.0001; NRL vs. ORL p = 0,002). 99% recommended eye care. Exercises as chewing gum or blowing balloons were prescribed by 45% of the participants with statistically significant differences among the three specialties (GP vs. NRL p = 0.021; GP vs. ORL p < 0.0001; NRL vs. ORL p = 0.002)., Conclusion: There is general agreement in the use of corticosteroids and recommending eye care as part of the treatment of acute peripheral facial paralysis. Yet, there are discrepancies in corticosteroids dosage, use of antivirals and recommendation of facial exercises among specialties., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Monkeypox is a zoonosis that is spread mainly through direct contact with fluids and skin lesions of infected people with vesicles still active. Although the virus was isolated for the first time in 1958 and the first human case was identified in a child in 1970, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has progressively increased its incidence in Africa reaching in May 2022 sustained transmission outside this continent. As it is a newly introduced virus in our health system, it is necessary to learn the epidemiological pattern in a different environment from that of traditionally endemic areas and to know the available antiviral treatments, as well as the prophylactic measures that could be considered, knowing that as a virus emerging in our regions, scientific evidence is still limited. There are antivirals that have been shown, in animal models, to effectively combat the disease with very good clinical tolerance. This disease has also forced us to review the characteristics of smallpox vaccines, because they have shown a protective effect against monkeypox. For this reason, it is important to have a document that compiles all the scientific information published in this regard., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Throughout the world hepatitis C (HepC) is a public health problem. Estimates for its prevalence in Colombia range from 0.5% to 1% but 2.1 % for patients over 50 years of age. The Hepatology Unit at the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU) has been a benchmark for management of HepC in Medellín and Colombia for years. Objective: To describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics together with health outcomes of patients with chronic HepC who were treated at the HPTU between 2013 and 2018. Materials and methods: This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of patients with chronic HepC, treated between January 1, 2013 and March 31, 2018. Results: One hundred and eight patients were analyzed. The average age was 55.8 years (SD 13.7), 51.9% were men, and 78.7% belonged to the contributory health care scheme. Most frequently, the disease was transmitted by blood, and genotype 1 predominated in the group of patients analyzed. The effectiveness of interferon schemes was 46.9% while that of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAA) was 94.6%>. Adverse drug reactions were found in 68.2%> of patients treated with interferon/ ribavirin schemes but in only 25.9% of the patients treated with DAA. Conclusions: In this group of patients treated at HPTU, DAA were safer and more effective than interferon/ribavirin schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study-s objective is to establish and evaluate the clinical relevance of drug interactions during treatment of patients with hepatitis C. Method: A PubMed/MedLine search was conducted for articles published in English and Spanish from January 1, 2015 to March 30, 2017 using the terms Mesh: Hepatitis C AND drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions, from studies conducted in humans. The clinical relevance of drug interactions was established and evaluated based on probability of occurrence and severity of interactions. Results: Of the 184 four articles identified, 92 were selected by title and abstract for full review. The full texts of two articles could not be accessed. Of the remaining articles, 57 describ ed relevant interactions. Of the 155 pairs of drugs that interact that were identified, 154 (99.4%) were pharmacokinetic, and one (0.6%) was pharmacodynamic. Thirty-four of the 155 pairs (21.9%) were assessed at level 1; 73 (47.1%) were assessed at level 2; 48 (31.0%) were assessed at level 3, none were assessed at level 4. In addition, 29 pairs of interacting drugs had no evidence of clinical relevance. Conclusions: More than 99% of clinically relevant drug interactions are pharmacokinetics and are associated with changes in metabolism and transport of drugs. Simeprevir and 3D (Paritaprevir/Ritonavir+ Ombitasvir+Dasabuvir) therapy had the greatest number of interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: el aumento en la morbilidad por enfermedades virales justifica el incremento de los antivirales en el Cuadro Básico de Medicamentos cubano. Sin embargo los reportes de reacciones adversas son escasos, particularmente a los antirretrovirales, lo cual supone una infranotificación que afecta además el conocimiento de sus perfiles de seguridad.Objetivos:identificar los factores que pueden influir en la baja notificación de reacciones adversas a los fármacos antivirales. Método:se efec-tuó una investigación cualitativa mediante el empleo de grupos focales de discusión para evaluar nivel de información sobre perfil de seguridad de los antivirales y las causas de infranotificación, el universo estuvo conformado por un grupo de cincuenta profesionales de la salud.Resultados: se mencionaron como factores que contribuyen a la infranotificación la insuficiente preparación en pre y postgrado, la baja percepción del riesgo durante la utilización de los antivirales y la insuficiente disponibilidad de los modelos.Conclusiones: a pesar de la importancia de los antirretrovirales se encontró escasa preparación en farmacovigilancia y baja percepción del riesgo en los profesionales participantes.

El virus chikungunya es un patógeno transmitido por mosquitos que tiene un impacto importante en la salud de los seres humanos, causa enfermedad febril aguda, dolores en las articulaciones y en muchos casos artralgia persistente que dura semanas o años. El resurgimiento de este virus ha dado lugar a numerosos brotes en varios países del mundo, con amenaza de propagarse aún más en un futuro próximo. Actualmente no hay fármacos antivirales o vacunas registradas para la prevención y tratamiento de la infección por chikungunya. En esta revisión se presentan las diferentes perspectivas del estado actual de la investigación sobre fármacos antivirales y vacunas en fases de desarrollo para la infección del virus chikungunya.

Introducción: . El cuadro clínico del síndrome erosivo corneal recurrente (SECR) puede ser confundido con el de la queratitis epitelial herpética. Materiales y métodos: Serie de casos de SECR con diagnóstico erróneo de queratitis epitelial herpética en la que se comparan las diferencias clínicas entre ambas patologías para establecer el diagnóstico correcto y el tratamiento adecuado. Resultados: Estudio de 10 (23.8%) pacientes de un total de 42. Siete mujeres y 3 hombres con SECR, en 2 de los casos bilateral, quienes acudieron con diagnóstico erróneo de queratitis epitelial herpética. Los 10 pacientes fueron referidos o acudieron a segunda opinión por recurrencia y exacerbación sintomatológica sin respuesta a antivirales. Ambas entidades se presentan con dolor ocular, ojo rojo, lagrimeo, fotofobia, sensación de cuerpo extraño y visión borrosa. Conclusiones: Los rasgos distintivos del SECR son: inicio abrupto por la noche o madrugada al despertar, antecedente de trauma corneal o distrofia corneal anterior y ausencia de leucomas corneales. La semejanza sintomatológica y el desconocimiento del SECR incrementan la posibilidad de confundir el diagnóstico.

Hepatitis C (HC) is a public health problem worldwide and has especially high prevalence in patients over 50 years of age. This population is more prone to suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to HC infections as well as to age and multiple comorbidities. Those with CKD stages 4 or 5 constitute a population of greater pharmacotherapeutic complexity due to pharmacological variability and limited information on the safety and efficacy of the new antivirals for this group of patients. Objective: This article systematizes information about medications and proper dosages for treating chronic HC and is based on studies and reports that include elderly patients with CKD. Materials and method: This is a structured review of studies carried out in humans with access to full text published between 01/08/2012 and 01/08/2017 in English or Spanish found in PubMed/Medline using the terms: "Hepatitis C", "Aged", and "Renal Insufficiency". Results: Eighty-three articles were identified, fourteen of which were selected. In addition, four manuscripts referenced in those publications were included. A table with antiviral dosing information for treatment of HC in elderly patients with CKD was structured. Discussion: We present information on adjustment of dosages of antiviral drugs used for chronic HC in elderly patients and CKD. This could favor prescription and monitoring thereby contributing to the effectiveness and safety of these drugs in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) continues to be a public health problem worldwide. The development of drugs that target virus proteins such as NS5B, aims to provide more effective treatment in the future. These directacting antivirals (DAAs) have demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo effect; however, mutations have been described in HCV NS5B associated with resistance to DAA. Detecting mutations that are resistant to DAAs is important to prevent potential treatment failures. In this work, we developed a software to analyze mutations that are resistant to DAAs in NS5B gene of HCV. For this, we used the NS5B gene sequence isolate Con1 genotype 1b HCV, based on the main positions mutations associated with resistance to DAAs in vitro and in vivo described in the literature. The software algorithm allows computer analysis of possible changes in nucleotide and amino acid positions associated with resistance mutations to DAAs in NS5B of HCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic hepatitis B virus infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. Its consequences can be deadly, and current treatment offers only control of the disease rather than a cure. The main limiting factors for a cure are the difficulty of destroying the cDNA of the virus in the cell nucleus and the presence of viral genetic material integrated into the DNA of the host cell. Multiple fronts of research focus on finding a definitive cure by enhancing the immune response of the host or by acting directly against the virus and its replication cycle. This article presents the main advances that have been made in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dolabellane diterpenes have considerable antiviral activity, but most studies have been focused towards compounds isolated from Dictyota brown algae. Although soft corals are also a significant source of these diterpenes, their antiviral potential has not been studied in detail. With the aim of assessing the biological activity o f marine sources, we evaluated the dolabellane content in the soft corals Eunicea laciniata and E. asperula collected in Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Dolabellanes 1-6 were isolated from E. laciniata while compounds 2, 4 and 5 were isolated from E. asperula. A ll compounds were identified by NMR, GC-EIMS, optical rotation and comparison with previously reported dolabellanes. GC-EIMS analyses showed that dolabellatrienone (2 ) transforms into compounds 4 and 5 as oxidation products upon prolonged storage; however, those compounds were also naturally present in the extract of the studied organisms. Pure dolabellanes were tested in vitro in antiviral assays against HSV-1. Compound 6 inhibited virus replication in infected cells (73.7% of inhibition at 50 ^M ) without cytotoxic effect (CC50 = 95 9), showing similar activity to the positive control Acyclovir®. Thus, compound 6 is an interesting candidate for further studies o f dolabellanes as antivirals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se hizo una revisión de la literatura para valorar la información sobre efectividad y costo-efectividad de los medicamentos antivirales utilizados contra la influenza, en especial, el oseltamivir. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliométrica que siguió el proceso de una revisión sistemática; se exploró la base de datos PubMed-Medline, usando como descriptores los términos MeSH “oseltamivir” y “cost effectiveness” en cualquier parte del texto, y se establecieron como límites los últimos 10 años, en cualquier idioma. Se encontraron 24 artículos, de los cuales, 2 eran metá y siete, revisiones sistemáticas. Los hallazgos revelan que los estudios de efectividad y de evaluación económica del oseltamivir y demás antivirales se hacen en los países desarrollados. Respecto a la efectividad del oseltamivir para reducir la gripe, los resultados oscilan entre 35% y 94%, según las poblaciones específicas en las que se evalúa. En las evaluaciones económicas se utilizan diversas medidas de efectividad (día de enfermedad que se evita, día de vida que se gana, caso evitado y esperanza de vida) y de utilidad (día de vida que se gana ajustado por calidad, año de vida ajustado por calidad). Sin embargo, el QALY (quality-adjusted life year) fue la medida de utilidad más utilizada. En los estudios, el costo-efectividad y la utilidad en incrementos se comparó con la alternativa del tratamiento estándar y, generalmente, se valoró en poblaciones específicas, por lo que se dificulta su comparación. Sin emba rgo, frente a una disponibilidad de no pagar más de US$ 50.000 dólares, el oseltamivir siempre resultó ser costo-efectivo.

Para afrontar la pandemia por la nueva Influenza A (H1N1) se requiere de un adecuado manejo de los casos, en ese sentido, la Sociedad Peruana de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales ha desarrollado una guía que se resume en este artículo. Se detalla el diagnóstico clínico y flujos para la toma de decisiones, el manejo terapéutico y las consideraciones a tener en cuenta para casos graves y situaciones especiales, como es el caso de las gestantes.

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)