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Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiaceae) is a plant widely used in traditional Moroccan medicine to alleviate gastric and intestinal pain; however, it has been relatively understudied in terms of its pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of the methanolic (MeOH) and ethanolic (EtOH) extracts from S. olusatrum while also assessing their acute toxicity. The investigation into acute toxicity revealed that the LD50 of MeOH and EtOH extracts exceeded 5g/kg, indicating their low toxicity profile. Phytochemical screening identified the presence of essential compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Notably, both MeOH and EtOH extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory experiments showed a concentration-dependent anti-denaturing effect on BSA and egg albumin of these extracts. In vivo studies demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts by effectively reducing paw edema induced by formaldehyde injection in rats. Furthermore, these studied extracts demonstrated notable analgesic activity, significantly reducing abdominal cramps induced by acetic acid injection. In conclusion, the MeOH and EtOH extracts of S. olusatrum exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, providing scientific support for their traditional medicinal usage in Moroccan practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The natural plant resources are products with high added value, used in various fields for the manufacture of a wide variety of products. Objective. The purpose of this study was the physicochemical and chromatographic characterization of Ziziphus jujuba seeds vegetable oil, and the evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Material and methods. Seeds oil extraction was done by soxhlet. Fatty acid content was determined by gas chromatography (GPC). Organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics were determined, and antioxidant activity was evalua-ted by diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test and -carotene bleaching. Anti-inflam-matory activity was essayed using carrageenan-induced plantar edema model in mice. Results. Extracted seeds oil had an extraction yield of 3.4%. GPC characterization sho-wed the presence of 12 fatty acids with a predominance of oleic acid (47.02%), and linoleic acid (37.40%). Physicochemical parameters of Ziziphus jujuba seeds oil showed an acidity of 2.05%, a saponification value of 198.17 mg KOH/mL, and refractive index of 1.471±0.00. This oil expressed a significant antiradical activity for the DPPH test, and low for that of β-carotene. In vivo study of edema induction in mice showed that oil had a maximum effective effect in inhibiting oedema (55.89±0.03%), at the first hour, compared to Diclofenac (19.88±0.12%), at the same hour. Conclusion. These results highlight the fatty acids richness of Ziziphus jujuba seeds oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These properties make it possible to predict its use in biotech-nology and cosmetology. [Résumé Introduction. Les ressources naturelles végétales sont des produits à forte valeur ajoutée, utilisés dans divers domaines pour la fabrication d’une large variété de produits. Objectif. Le présent travail a pour but la caractérisation physico-chimique et chromatographique de l’huile végétale des graines de Ziziphus jujuba Mill., et l’évaluation de leur activité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire. Matériel et méthodes. L’huile des graines extraite par soxhlet est caractérisée sur le plan organoleptique et physicochimique. La teneur en acides gras est déterminée par une analyse chromato-graphique en phase gazeuse (CPG). L’activité antioxydante est évaluée par le test diphe-nyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) et le test de blanchiment. L’activité anti-inflammatoire est déterminée à l’aide du modèle de l’œdème plantaire induit chez la souris par la carra-génine. Résultats. L’huile présente un rendement d’extraction de 3,14%. La caracté-risation par la CPG montre la présence de 12 acides gras avec une prédominance de l’acide oléique (47,02%) et l’acide linoléique (37,40%). Les paramètres physico-chimi-ques ont montré une acidité de 2,05%, un indice de saponification de 198,17mg KOH/mL, un indice de réfraction de 1,471±0,00. L’huile végétale testée exprime une activité anti-radicalaire importante pour le test de DPPH et forte pour celui de β-carotène. L’induction d’œdème chez les souris a montré un effet efficace maximal de l’huile dans l’inhibition de l’œdème à la première heure, par rapport au Diclofénac à la même heure. Conclusion. Les résultats de cette étude font ressortir la richesse de l’huile des graines de Ziziphus jujuba en acides gras dotés d’un effet antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire. Ces propriétés permettent de prévoir son utilisation en biotechnologie et en cosmétologie.]

Introduction : La maladie hémorroïdaire est un état pathologique caractérisé par une dilatation de la veine recto-anale plexus. Une enquête ethnobotanique a révélé l’utilisation des écorces de tronc de Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) sous forme de pommade ou décoction en lavement anal pour son traitement. L’objectif de cette étude était de caractériser l’extrait, confirmer son efficacité et formulé des suppositoires. Méthode : Un screening phytochimique et une caractérisation physico-chimique suivi évaluation de l'activité antioxydante et antiinflammatoire de l’extrait ont été réalisés. Une formulation des suppositoires a été définie à partir d’une stratégie utilisant deux masses à suppositoire (Witerpsol H15 et Suppocire ASX2). Les suppositoires obtenus ont fait l’objet de contrôle qualité et d’évaluation de l’efficacité. Résultat : L’extrait était de couleur marron avec une texture fine. Son taux d’humidité était à 4,67 et le pH de 7,17. Les suppositoires avaient une forme allongée, une texture et un aspect uniforme avec un temps moyen de ramollissement de 8,36min et un point de fusion moyen de 37,3°C. L’étude phytochimique a permis de mettre en évidence des flavonoïdes. L’évaluation de l’activité antioxydante a donné une concentration inhibitrice 50 une IC50 de 9,35 µg/ml Par ABTS, un pourcentage d’inhibition de 54,34% par LPO et l’activité Antiinflammatoire par l’inhibition de la LOX avec une IC50 de 19,01 µg/ml. L’étude préliminaire anti hémorroïdaire a permis de constater une résorption de la suppuration induite par l’huile de croton. Conclusion : Les études réalisées offrent une alternative d’utilisation de l’extrait sous forme de suppositoires pour le traitement de l’inflammation de la maladie hémorroïdaire.

Pistacia lentiscus L. has traditionally been employed as a diuretic and stimulant in the treatment of hypertension. Our interest centered on analyzing the chemical profile of the plant's leaves and its in vitro, in vivo, and in silico antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic effects in order to valorize this species and prepare new high-value products that can be used in the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries. When this species' essential oil was hydrodistilled and subjected to GC-MS analysis, the results showed that the principal components were germacrene D (17.54%), spathulenol (17.38%), bicyclogermacrene (12.52%), and terpinen-4-ol (9.95%). The extraction of phenolic compounds was carried out by decoction and Soxhlet. The determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins of aqueous and organic extracts by spectrophotometric methods demonstrated the richness of this species in phenolic compounds. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC/UV-ESI-MS of the aqueous extract of P. lentiscus revealed the presence of 3,5-di-O-galloyl quinic acid, gallic acid, and 3,4,5-tri-O-galloyl quinic acid specific to this species. The study of antioxidant activity by three methods (DPPH, FRAP, and Total Antioxidant Capacity) revealed that P. lentiscus is a very promising source of natural antioxidants. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and aqueous extract (E0) was studied by microdilution on the microplate. The results revealed the effectiveness of the aqueous extract compared to the essential oil against Gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, P. fluorescence, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., and Y. enterolitica) and candidoses (C. krusei and C. albicans). The measurements of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of the aqueous extract (E0) can significantly prolong these tests from concentrations of 2.875 and 5.750 mg/mL, respectively. The antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract (E0) showed a strong in vitro inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to acarbose. Thus, it significantly inhibited postprandial hyperglycemia in Wistar albino rats. The in-silico study of the major compounds of the essential oil and extract (E0) carried out using PASS, SwissADME, pkCSM, and molecular docking tools confirmed our in vitro and in vivo results. The studied compounds showed a strong ability to be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and to passively diffuse through the blood-brain barrier, a similarity to drugs, and water solubility. Molecular docking experiments deduced the probable mode of action of the identified compounds on their respective target proteins, such as NADPH oxidase, thrombin, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Furthermore, given the demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic effects, we can affirm the richness of P. lentiscus in bioactive molecules and its use in traditional medicine as a source of preservative agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of sustainable development and enhancement of natural resources (forest species),our study focused on the quantification of the contents of total phenols,flavonoids and condensed tannins of hydro-methanolic extracts of needles, cones and seeds of green cypress (Cupressussempervirens) from the Terni Mont Tlemcen region. The evaluation of the antiradical power against DPPHwas also considered. The results showed significant yields of 18.78% for the cone extract. The seed extract revealed a high content of total phenols in the order of 546.48±2.52 mg equivalent of gallic acid (GAE/g of dry extract (SE) and high contents of flavonoids (155.67±4.96 mg quercetin equivalents/g ES) and in condensed tannins (53.36±6.6 mg catechin equivalents/g ES) compared to the needle and cone extracts. Regarding the antioxidant power, the three extracts have a strong anti-free radical activity at 4 mg/ml, the inhibition percentages of which are 96.31±0.47% for the needle extract. 96.25±0.21% for the seed extract and 93.16±0.1% for the cone extract. These data constitute a natural source of antioxidant agents which remain to be exploited for future use in the fields of food and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Ephedra alata alenda plant, against intoxication with Deltamethrin pesticide in rats. After preparation of plant extracts (macerated and decocted, powder), chemical profile and total phenolic compounds of plant were estimated. Furthermore, antioxidant activities In vitro were evaluated using the DPPH test, and to verify the antitoxic activity In vivo, male rats were exposed to Delamethrin (3.5 µl/kg/day) for 30 days and then treated for 14 days with plant preparations. The fourth group of rats is the positive control group exposed just to Delthmethrin, while the fifth group is the negative control group. 44 days later, rats were sacrificed, Blood samples were collected for serum biochemical estimation, and liver fragments were reserved to assess antioxidant activity. Results of plant extracts showed the presentation of many natural substances in two extracts. The concentration of total phenolic compounds was estimated at 13.72 mg EAG/g, 13.45 mg EAG/g for macerated and decocted extracts respectively. DPPH test was estimated at IC50=0.901 mg/ml and IC50=1.141 mg/ml for macerated and decocted extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activity results In vivo showed significant differences in blood biochemical such as ALT, ALP, Bilirubin and Urea, oxidative stress parameters (GSH), (GST), and lipid peroxidation (MDA), noting the reforms in the sections of some liver tissues that demonstrated the effectiveness of plant extract compared and its absence completely in the tissue of the liver treated with the powder. Finally, the liver tissue sections was confirmed with biochemical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective activity of brown seaweed, the ethanolic and water extracts of Sargassum binderi (S. binderi) were examined. Anticancer drug, cisplatin is normally used for the treatment of solid tumors that cause acute kidney damage after assemblage in the renal tubules., Material and Methods: It was an acute nephrotoxicity study, animals were divided into several groups randomly, cisplatin (7mg/kg i.p.) and normal saline were used as positive and negative control respectively. The S. bindari ethanolic and water extract were given orally in a dose of 200mg/kg for 5days. Various biomarkers were assessed to observe the nephroprotective potential, while antioxidant activities were investigated using reduced glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde as oxidative stress. GCMS was performed to validate the presence of important therapeutic moieties., Results: The current result justified that pretreatment with S. binderi inhibited the elevation of antioxidant parameters and also showed protection against lipid peroxidation, induced by cisplatin challenge. The overall impact was the nephroprotection, which has been revealed from the results. GCMS evaluation of hexanes fraction revealed the presence of therapeutically important compounds including heptasiloxane, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, hexadecamethyl, cyclooctasiloxane, and hexadecamethyl. These compounds have been reported for their antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal activities., Conclusion: S. binderi showed reno-protective effect by checking their well-known biochemical parameters probably due to the antioxidant activity as confirmed by the presence of compounds., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The study focuses on a partial structural characterization and biological activities of a polysaccharide fraction (GFC) isolated after hot maceration of the gum resin of Ferula communis L. (Apiaceae) collected in the Sahara. The mass yield of the extract was 33.5%. The biochemical composition of this extract revealed that it was made up of 87.03 ± 0.01% of total oses (72.7% of neutral oses and 27.46% of uronic acids) and 5.29 ± 0.005% of proteins. The analysis of the monosaccharide composition by high-performance anions exchange chromatography after acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide extracted made it possible to identify galactose (69.31%) as the major monosaccharide species and arabinose (12.34%), glucuronic acid (5.50%), galacturonic acid (1.99%) and rhamnose (7.36%) as minority ones. These results were confirmed by gas chromatography after derivatization of the monosaccharides resulting from acidic hydrolysis. Measurement of the antihyperglycaemic activity of the isolated extract by determining its inhibitory activity on α-D-glucosidase revealed its hypoglycaemic potential (IC50 = 9 mg/ml). The anti-free radical activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging power of DPPH at an IC50 of 5.08 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica are sensitive to the polysaccharide extract exhibiting a MIC of 0.5 mg/ml for both bacterial strains. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae appeared to be less sensitive with MICs of 2.5 and 1 mg/ml respectively, whereas Listeria monocytogenes was resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of the present work is to investigate the protective role of vitamin C in domestic rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus intoxicated by mercury. Thus, the status of target organs, glutathione and some immune markers are evaluated by using two exposure periods. Male rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus were exposed for 10 and 22 days to either Hg alone or combined with vitamin C (Hg-VitC), in order to estimate the possible antioxidant protective role of this vitamin. In the first treatment period, results have showed non-significant variations in the relative weight of liver, kidney, spleen and adrenal in both treated groups compared to the control. Glutathione level in Hg group was significantly increased in liver, but it decreased significantly in spleen and adrenal. However, glutathione in Hg-VitC group was higher in liver and lower in spleen compared to the control. The percentage of immune markers lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils were unchanged in all circumstances, except the observed significant augmentation of basophils in the Hg-VitC group compared to the Hg group. In the second treatment period, the relative weight of liver and adrenal were increased significantly when treated by Hg and that compared to the control. The relative organ weight in the Hg-VitC group, revealed a significant decrease in liver and in adrenal compared to the Hg group. Glutathione level in Hg group was decreased significantly in liver, kidney and spleen. Furthermore, glutathione concentration of the Hg-VitC group was significantly decreased in both liver and adrenal, but it was increased in kidney and that compared to the Hg group. Concerning the immune markers, only basophils were significantly decreased in both treatments compared to the control. When comparing the two treatments period, a remarkable decrease was observed in liver glutathione of Hg group and in the percentage of basophils of the two treated groups after 3 weeks. The protective role of vitamin C, however, seems evident on adrenal glutathione level and basophils during the first treatment period, but during the second period, it protected kidney glutathione level, in addition to liver and adrenal relative organ weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to identify phytochemical groups and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of 53 plants used in traditional medicine in Bagira in the treatment of malaria. Method: The phytochemical screening was carried out by conventional reactions in solution and antioxidant activity used in vitro method with DPPH. Results: Chemical screening has identified secondary metabolites with both antimalarial and antioxidant potential, such as coumarins, steroid saponins, tannins and terpenoids, in more than 70% of plants. Antioxidant screening revealed for the first time antioxidant activity of 17 plants, among which Dalbergia katangensis, Dialium angolense and Solanecio cydoniifolius with IC50 inferior or equal to 1.6 µg/ml have the highest antioxidant activities in the series. Conclusion: This study shows that among plants reputed to be antimalarial in Bagira (DRC) several possess antioxidant power and contain groups presumed to be both antioxidant and antimalarial. She suggests that further studies continue to isolate compounds responsible for the proven activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé Les plantes médicinales et la phytothérapie sont étroitement liées à l’histoire de l’humanité, elles jouent un rôle important dans la recherche et le développement de nouveaux médicaments, et représentent une branche alternative dans la prévention et le traitement de certaines pathologies. Le pourpier Portulaca oleracea L. (Po), est une plante succulente largement répandue et utilisée à travers le monde pour ses propriétés médicinales et gustatives. Plusieurs travaux menés chez les animaux et l’homme lui attribuent des effets préventifs et curatifs sur plusieurs facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire. Une synthèse bibliographique a été menée sur différents moteurs de recherche scientifique, tels que Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science et Google Scholar, afin de souligner les travaux de recherche marquant l’effet de Po sur le diabète, l’hyperlipidémie, le stress oxydant et l’inflammation. La présente revue suggère que Po peut avoir des effets bénéfiques significatifs chez le modèle animal ainsi que chez l’homme en améliorant les paramètres glycémiques, lipidiques, antioxydants et anti-inflammatoires. [Abstract. Medicinal plants and phytotherapy are closely linked to the history of humanity, they play an important role in research, and development of new drugs, and represent an alternative branch in prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. (Po), is a succulent plant, widely distributed and used worldwide for its medicinal and gustatory properties. Several studies in animals and men attributed preventive and curative effects in cardiovascular risk factors. A bibliographic synthesis was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar, to highlight studies that describe the effect of Po on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The present review suggests that Po have significant beneficial effects, in animal and human models, by improving glycemic, lipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters.]

Arbutus unedo also known as the strawberry tree is an evergreen shrub very appreciated in the Mediterranean area, however, it is still considered as an underexploited tree. Due to its various benefits, ethnobotanicals, chemists, nutritionists and anthropologists are more and more interested in it. It belongs to Erecaceae family and it is abundant, especially all over the Mediterranean sea and in other hotsummer and rainy-winter areas. In a bibliographic and an ethnobotanic study of the strawberry tree, we are going to briefly present the shrub, enumerate its different parts pharmacological properties and its operational fields. In traditional medicine, the fruits are used as antiseptics, diuretics and laxatives and the leaves are known by their diuretics, urinary antiseptics, antidiarrheal, astringent, depurative and antihypertensive properties. The high pharmacological potential was demonstrated by different Arbutus unedo extracts analysis, which provide it with its antidiarrheal, astringent, depurative and antihypertensive properties antifungal, anti-parasitic, antiaggregant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, and spasmolytic properties. Indeed, fruits, leaves and roots composition of this shrub reveals a promising basis as a phytopharmaceutical product and must motivate researchers to enhance their studies in order to develop innovative drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of phenolic extracts of extra virgin olive oil obtained from two distinct regions in Northwest Algeria. The first extra virgin oil (CHIALI) was produced industrially according to the international standards, whereas the second (TRAD) was produced by traditional methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazine) method. The antimicrobial activity of the two phenolic extracts was assessed against Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Alternaria sp., Candida albicans by using microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The extraction yield was found to be 26.7% and 20.5% for the industrial (CHIALI) and traditional methods (TRAD), respectively. The phenolic extract of the industrial extra virgin oil exhibited better antioxidant activity (IC50 = 1.56 µg/ml) when compared to those of the traditional oil (IC50 = 6.27 µg/ml). Both phenolic extracts exerted bactericidal and antifungal activities. These activities were more important with the phenolic extract of the industrial oil. Taken together, our results showed that the phenolic extract of the industrial extra virgin oil had better antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities, owing to the extraction methods used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Seeds of Vigna radiata imported from Australia and acclimatized in Burkina Faso were studied for their total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids contents. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) method allowed us to determine their antioxidant activities. The results were compared with those of Vigna subterranea and Glycine max grown in Burkina Faso. The diversity of flavonoids in the crude extract of Vigna radiata was also studied by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids contents were respectively 5.479 ± 0.026 mg GAE / g, 4.482 ± 0.456 mg QE / g, 0.848 ± 0.063 mg / g and 0.228 ± 0.013 mg of BCE / g. Total antioxidant contents measured were similar to those of Vigna subterranea and Glycine max. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, it has been revealed that seeds of Vigna radiata contain isovitexin, vitexin and orientin. These C-glycosylated compounds identified in the seeds of Vigna radiata are less widespread and are the subject of increasing research interest due to their high biological potential (anti-hypertensive, anti-HIV and anti-plasmodial, anticancer and antifungal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Bombax buonopozense (Bombacaceae) leaves have been used traditionally for arthritis in south-western Nigeria. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity of B. buonopozense in Complete Freund adjuvant-induce arthritic wistar rats., Experimental Procedure: The plant leaves methanol extract and fractions were screened for preliminary phytochemicals and brine shrimp lethality was determined. Total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as anti-oxidant activity of the extract and fractions were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Cyclophosphamide, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid were used as standards respectively. Anti-arthritic activity of crude methanol extract (BBME) at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg was evaluated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model in rats. Data were analysed using Graph pad prism version 5, two-way and one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test., Results and Conclusion: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. The brine shrimp lethality assay of the crude extract and fractions gave LC 50 value≥1000μg/mL, compared to Cyclophosphamide (LC 50 =224.7±0.35μg/mL). The BBME had TPC value of 19.8±0.56mg GAE/g, while the TFC of ethyl acetate fraction was the highest (173.5±0.05mg QE/g). The ethyl acetate fraction has the highest antioxidant activity (IC 50 =20.96±0.23μg/mL) as compared to ascorbic acid (2.8±0.01) and rutin (20.6±9.26μg/mL). BBME significantly reduced the paw circumference. BBME (400mg/kg) prevented biochemical changes to a greater extent than Celecoxib (20mg/kg). Bombax buonopozense leaves could be an effective antiarthritic and holds prospect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Satureja kermanica is a native species with a relatively wide distribution in Iran, which has been studied less. Due to the low stability of the plants, in this study, the methanolic extract of S. kermanica (MSK) along with a nanoemulsion (NEK) preparation was evaluated in terms of antioxidant and cytotoxic activity., Material and Methods: The aerial parts of S. kermanica were collected and after studying the organoleptic characteristics and quality control parameters, were extracted with methanol. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids of the plant were measured. A nanoemulsion preparation was prepared using ultrasonication method from S. kermanica extract. After measuring the particle size of nanoemulsion, both MSK and NEK were evaluated for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity using DPPH scavenging assay and MTT colorimetric method on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) respectively., Results: Phytochemical studies exhibited the presence of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, tannins, steroids and carbohydrates in the plant. Based on the histogram of the SBL nanosizer, the average diameter of nanoemulsion was determined as 37.09nm. Both MSK and NEK showed dose-dependent antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. The IC 50 value of MSK and NEK for DPPH inhibition was 30.105±2.781 58.14±0.84μg/mL and for toxicity toward MCF-7 cell line was 1251.088 and 201.745±4.554μg/mL respectively., Conclusion: MSK and NEK showed antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, but in NEK, the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of the plant was more prominent, which may be due to the rapid release of the bioactive component from the nanoemulsion., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is described by too much hepatic fat deposition causing steatosis, which further develops into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), defined by necroinflammation and fibrosis, progressing further to hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. NAFLD is linked to different aspects of the metabolic syndrome like obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and its pathogenesis involves several elements including diet, obesity, disruption of lipid homeostasis, and a high buildup of triglycerides and other lipids in liver cells. It is therefore linked to an increase in the susceptibility to developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Several interventions exist regarding its management, but the availability of natural sources through diet will be a benefit in dealing with the disorder due to the immensely growing dependence of the population worldwide on natural sources owing to their ability to treat the root cause of the disease. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic pigments that exist in the form of glycosides, which are the glucosides of anthocyanidins and are produced from flavonoids via the phenyl propanoid pathway. To understand their mode of action in NAFLD and their therapeutic potential, the literature on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials on naturally occurring ACN-rich sources was exhaustively reviewed. It was concluded that ACNs show their potential in the treatment of NAFLD through their antioxidant properties and their efficacy to control lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, transcription factors, and inflammation. This led to the conclusion that ACNs possess efficacy in the amelioration of NAFLD and the various features associated with it. However, additional clinical trials are required to justify the potential of ACNs in NAFLD., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

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Calamintha baborensis, (Lamiaceae) is used in folk medicine as a stomachic and antidiarrhetic, however, Lavandula stoechas (Lamiaceae) is used as an expectorant, carminative and against flu and asthma. Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae) and Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) both are used as stomachic. Comparison of the chemical composition and evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the plants essential oils, and their acute toxicity were carried out in this study. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and the free radical scavenging activity of essential oils was evaluated using DPPH test. In vivo pharmacological oxidative stress assays were carried out on male albino Swiss mice. The lipid peroxidation was assessed as the generation of thiobarbituric acidreactive substances (TBARS) followed by glutathione (GSH) measurement. The main constituents of C. baborensis oil were isomenthone (67.44%), pulegone (15.07%) and piperitone oxide (6.53%). In L. stoechas oil, the main constituents were L-fenchone (47.05%), eucalyptol (13.23%), camphor (11%), 3-carene (3.57%) and α-pinene (3.29%). M. communis has as major compounds 1,8-cineole (27.85%), α-pinene (15.42%), D-limonene (12.87%) and benzene,1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-(9.63%) and 1,6-octadien-ol, 3,7 -dimethyl-,acetate, (Z)-(3.26%). P. lentiscus has O-cymene (22.94%), Menthone (12.09%), β-pinene (10.35%), α-pinene (9.41%), α-Farnesene (9.22%), β-myrcene (7.69%), Trans-pinocarveol (6.86%), Limonene (6.34%) and Pulegone (5.29%) as major constituents. The screening of possible in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oils by DPPH free radical-scavenging test showed a reduction in scavenging activity of essential oils of C. baborensis (50.35-88.93%), L. stoechas (55.37-86.77%), M. communis (42.14-54.54%) and P. lentiscus by (53.71-76.03%). Furthermore, essential oils have caused an increase in MDA and reduced glutathione in the liver as well as in the lungs of treated animals compared to controls. The results showed that essential oils of C. baborensis, and L. stoechas, P. lentiscus and M. communis belonging to the chemotypes isomenthone, fenchone, O-cymene and 1,8-cineole, respectively, are powerful antioxidant but could be prooxidant at high doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Togo, the importance given to local varieties of plants is decreasing due to the gradual change in cropping patterns and eating habits. These varieties are threatened with extinction for the benefit of introduced varieties. For sustainable management of these local varieties, a morphological characterization is necessary. Little research has been carried out on the agromorphological characterization of local varieties of the main crops (maize, cassava, cowpea and pepper) of the Maritime-East region of Togo, as well as their nutritional values. This study aims to undertake inventory of the local varieties, to determine their degree of threat, and to compare the antioxidant potential of the highly endangered local varieties and those introduced (corn, cassava, cowpeas and pepper). To achieve these objectives, ethnobotanical surveys were carried out in 25 villages, with 126 resource persons. The villages were chosen in order to have a homogeneous distribution and a total coverage of the ethnic groups. As for the resource persons, they were chosen by agreement of the local authorities who have taken note of the questionnaire. Local varieties have been differentiated by the agromorphological descriptors used for this purpose. The degree of extinction threat was determined by the "local varieties x localities" matrix. The principal component analysis made it possible to evaluate the structuring of local diversity on the basis of agromorphological criteria. The 44 local varieties are discriminated in four categories. The category of very threatened local varieties; threatened; fairly threatened and less threatened contain respectively four, six, eighteen and sixteen local varieties. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reduction test is used to determine the antioxidant potential of the highly endangered local varieties (Ayidzin, Adibolo, Katowali and Blikouhé) and those introduced. The highly endangered local varieties all have significant antioxidant potential compared to the introduced varieties. The ratio was as follows: 1.4 for pepper; 2.6 for maize; 5.2 for cassava and 6.4 for cowpea. These data will, thus, make possible the valorization of this agrobiodiversity with aims to safeguarding. The use of local varieties will thus help to combat malnutrition and promote sustainable management of these plant genetic resources. A deep phytochemical screening should be necessary to identify the molecules responsible for differences in antioxidant potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Watermelon consumption results in generation of organic waste in the form of seeds and peels. We have evaluated the fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content of watermelon (Kinnaree cultivar) seed oil and peel wax. In addition, we assessed the potential use of these watermelon industry byproducts in the development of cosmeceuticals. The most abundant fatty acids in seed oil and peel wax were linoleic acid and arachidic acid, respectively. Fatty acids form an essential component in the cell membranes and have seen increased recognition in the cosmeceutical industry. Antioxidants also play a beneficial role in skincare in combating free-radicals resulting from sun damage and pollutants. The seed oil showed stronger antioxidant activity than the peel wax, as indicated by the DPPH radical scavenging ability of 0.894mg a-tocopherol equivalent/g dried seeds versus 0.036 mg a-tocopherol equivalent/g dried peels. Therefore, the seed oil was formulated into skincare products, in the form of emulsions and nanoemulsions. The most effective formulae were stable at room temperature for seven days, or following repeated cycles of heating and cooling. This work demonstrates the potential for watermelon seed oil to be employed in skincare product formulations, which could maximize agricultural profit and minimize environmental waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the seed oils of two Moroccan varieties of watermelon "Citrullus lanatus" extracted by three different techniques, a mechanical process using cold press, and two chemical processes using a Soxhlet apparatus and a sonotrode ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) using n-hexane. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant properties against the DPPH radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were also studied. The seed oils of both varieties of watermelon exhibited high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids with the predominance of linoleic and oleic fatty acids. The primary sterol was b-sitosterol, and high levels of total tocopherols were observed. Ɣ-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all tested oils. The Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus variety seeds oil exhibited the highest TPC value (89.5 ± 0.06 mg EGA/100 g; EGA: gallic acid equivalent), with 82.4 ± 0.03% DPPH free radical inhibition efficiency. Nevertheless, all tested seeds oils showed a significant amount of total phenolic compounds and a good inhibition against DPPH radicals ranging from 51.1 ± 0.1% to 84.8 ± 0.04%. In addition, the influence of the ultrasonic extraction parameters was studied using two different solvents (n-hexane and the methanol-chloroform mixture), with different particle sizes (500-300 mm), duration (10 and 20 minutes), cycle (1-0.5), amplitude (80-100%) and solvent/seed ratios (1:5 and 1:10), and the seed roasting parameter was also studied. The oil yield was mainly affected by the extraction solvent, then the solvent/seed ratio and the duration, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Introduction. L’huile d’argan algérienne, provenant de la région de Tindouf (Extrême sud-ouest algérien), est une huile non valorisée jusqu’à l’heure actuelle. Objectif. L’huile d’argan algérienne extraite par méthode traditionnelle est comparée avec l’huile d’argan marocaine, obtenue par presse mécanique, dans le but d’étudier ses qualités pour une éventuelle valorisation. Matériels et méthodes. Les caractéristiques physico-chimiques, la composition en acides gras (AG) et en stérols sont déterminées, puis les activités antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes des fractions saponifiable et insaponifiable sont étudiées. Résultats. L’huile algérienne est une huile vierge fine, très riche en acide linoléique (35% pour l’huile algérienne et 28% pour l’huile marocaine) et β-sitostérol (64% pour l’huile algérienne et 59% pour l’huile marocaine), caractérisée par une faible teneur en chlorophylles (1,3 et 1,8 mg phéophytine/kg d’huile respectivement pour l’huile algérienne et celle marocaine) et un faible coefficient d’extinction spécifique (K232=1,15 pour l’huile algérienne et 2,34 pour l’huile marocaine). Les résultats des activités antioxydantes ont montré que la fraction insaponifiable pour les deux huiles est plus active, notamment contre le radical DPPH et le blanchiment de la β-carotène. Quant à l’activité antibactérienne, l’huile marocaine a révélé une activité contre trois bactéries et l’huile algérienne contre un champignon. Conclusion. Il convient de considérer l’huile d’argan artisanale algérienne, non encore valorisée, comme une huile prometteuse tout comme l’huile industrielle marocaine. [Abstract. Introduction. Algerian argan oil, from the region of Tindouf (far south-west of Algeria), is an oil that has not been upgraded until now. Objective. The Algerian argan oil extracted by traditional method was compared with a Moroccan oil obtained by mechanical press, in order to study its qualities for a possible valorization. Material and methods. The physicochemical characteristics, the fatty acid and sterol composition were determined, and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions were studied. Results. The results showed that the Algerian oil, was a fine virgin oil rich in linoleic acid (35% for algerian oil, and 28% for the moroccan), and β-sitosterol (64% for algerian oil and 59% for the moroccan), characterized by a low chlorophyll content (1.3 and 1.8 mg pheophytin/kg oil, respectively for algerian and moroccan oil) and a low specific extinction coefficient (K232=1.15 for algerian oil and 2.34 for the moroccan). The results of the antioxidant activities showed that the unsaponifiable fraction, for the both oils, was more active, in particular against the DPPH radical and the bleaching of β-carotene. As for the antibacterial activity, the Moroccan oil revealed an activity against three bacteria, and the Algerian oil against a fungi. Conclusion. The Algerian artisanal argan oil, not yet valued, should be considered a promising oil as the Moroccan industrial oil.]

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Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)