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Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The natural plant resources are products with high added value, used in various fields for the manufacture of a wide variety of products. Objective. The purpose of this study was the physicochemical and chromatographic characterization of Ziziphus jujuba seeds vegetable oil, and the evaluation of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Material and methods. Seeds oil extraction was done by soxhlet. Fatty acid content was determined by gas chromatography (GPC). Organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics were determined, and antioxidant activity was evalua-ted by diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test and -carotene bleaching. Anti-inflam-matory activity was essayed using carrageenan-induced plantar edema model in mice. Results. Extracted seeds oil had an extraction yield of 3.4%. GPC characterization sho-wed the presence of 12 fatty acids with a predominance of oleic acid (47.02%), and linoleic acid (37.40%). Physicochemical parameters of Ziziphus jujuba seeds oil showed an acidity of 2.05%, a saponification value of 198.17 mg KOH/mL, and refractive index of 1.471±0.00. This oil expressed a significant antiradical activity for the DPPH test, and low for that of β-carotene. In vivo study of edema induction in mice showed that oil had a maximum effective effect in inhibiting oedema (55.89±0.03%), at the first hour, compared to Diclofenac (19.88±0.12%), at the same hour. Conclusion. These results highlight the fatty acids richness of Ziziphus jujuba seeds oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These properties make it possible to predict its use in biotech-nology and cosmetology. [Résumé Introduction. Les ressources naturelles végétales sont des produits à forte valeur ajoutée, utilisés dans divers domaines pour la fabrication d’une large variété de produits. Objectif. Le présent travail a pour but la caractérisation physico-chimique et chromatographique de l’huile végétale des graines de Ziziphus jujuba Mill., et l’évaluation de leur activité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire. Matériel et méthodes. L’huile des graines extraite par soxhlet est caractérisée sur le plan organoleptique et physicochimique. La teneur en acides gras est déterminée par une analyse chromato-graphique en phase gazeuse (CPG). L’activité antioxydante est évaluée par le test diphe-nyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) et le test de blanchiment. L’activité anti-inflammatoire est déterminée à l’aide du modèle de l’œdème plantaire induit chez la souris par la carra-génine. Résultats. L’huile présente un rendement d’extraction de 3,14%. La caracté-risation par la CPG montre la présence de 12 acides gras avec une prédominance de l’acide oléique (47,02%) et l’acide linoléique (37,40%). Les paramètres physico-chimi-ques ont montré une acidité de 2,05%, un indice de saponification de 198,17mg KOH/mL, un indice de réfraction de 1,471±0,00. L’huile végétale testée exprime une activité anti-radicalaire importante pour le test de DPPH et forte pour celui de β-carotène. L’induction d’œdème chez les souris a montré un effet efficace maximal de l’huile dans l’inhibition de l’œdème à la première heure, par rapport au Diclofénac à la même heure. Conclusion. Les résultats de cette étude font ressortir la richesse de l’huile des graines de Ziziphus jujuba en acides gras dotés d’un effet antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire. Ces propriétés permettent de prévoir son utilisation en biotechnologie et en cosmétologie.]

Introduction. Zingiber officinalis est un alicament couramment utilisé seule ou en association avec d'autres plantes pour traiter diverses affections inflammatoires telle que les œdèmes. La présente vise à rechercher l’effet de synergie entre l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Laurus nobilis et l'extrait aqueux des rhizomes de Z. officinalis dans une perspective de traitement efficient de l’œdème. Matériel et Méthodes. Trois types d'extraits aqueux (L. nobilus, Z. officinalis et L. nobilus + Z. officinalis) ont été testés aux concentrations de 250 mg/ml et 500 mg/ml en suivant des methodes standardisées. Le formol à 1 % a été utilisé comme agent phobogène. Résultats et Discussion. Les résultats montrent que l'extrait aqueux de L. nobilis prévient de façon significative l'œdème des pattes des rats à partir de la 120ème et 180ème minutes du test. Les pourcentages d'inhibition enregistré varient de 37,74 % à 53,57 % pour les concentrations testées. La même tendance d'augmentation du pourcentage d'inhibition est observée avec l'extrait de Z. officinalis qui varient respectivement de 37,74% à 47,61 % à la 120ème et 180ème minutes. Par ailleurs, la combinaison (L. nobilus + Z. officinalis) a montré des pourcentages d'inhibition plus élevé et varient de 52,97 % à 54,16 %. L'analyse des données montre que l'extrait de L. nobilis optimise l'activité anti-œdémateuse de l'extrait de Z. officinalis, ce qui confirme son application traditionnelle. Conclusion. Ces travaux montrent qu’un effet synergique se développe lors de l’utilisation combinée des extraits aqueux de L. nobilus + Z. officinalis. Toutefois des travaux plus approfondis méritent d’être effectué pour un meilleur traitement des affections inflammatoires

Introduction : L’automédication est un phénomène fréquent avec des conséquences telle que l’émergence des résistances bactériennes. Cette tendance pourrait être en pleine croissance avec l’ère du numérique avec l’amélioration de l’accès à internet et aux informations. L’objet de notre étude était de décrire l’impact d’internet sur la pratique de l’automédication dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale à visée descriptive dans la ville de Ouagadougou du juin à Octobre 2023. Elle a concerné les personnes âgées de plus de 18 ans venant acheter des médicaments en pharmacies. Le choix des pharmacies a été faite de manière proportionnelle en tenant compte des groupes définis par l’ordre des pharmacies. Cette étude a concerné l’automédication habituelle avec l’aide d’internet. Résultats : Sur 30 pharmacies identifiée, nous avons noté 17 acceptations, cinq refus et huit attentes des réponses. Nous avons enquêté 509 personnes avec un âge moyen de 28 ans avec des extrêmes de 18 et 70 ans et un sex ratio de 1,3. Nous avons noté un taux de pénétration d’internet de 97% avec un accès par les smartphones dans 93% des cas. La fréquence de l’automédication était de 55%. Les facteurs associés à la pratique de l’automédication étaient l’utilisation d’internet, la recherche d’information sur la santé, la perception de sureté de l’automédication par internet (p

Introduction : La maladie hémorroïdaire est un état pathologique caractérisé par une dilatation de la veine recto-anale plexus. Une enquête ethnobotanique a révélé l’utilisation des écorces de tronc de Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) sous forme de pommade ou décoction en lavement anal pour son traitement. L’objectif de cette étude était de caractériser l’extrait, confirmer son efficacité et formulé des suppositoires. Méthode : Un screening phytochimique et une caractérisation physico-chimique suivi évaluation de l'activité antioxydante et antiinflammatoire de l’extrait ont été réalisés. Une formulation des suppositoires a été définie à partir d’une stratégie utilisant deux masses à suppositoire (Witerpsol H15 et Suppocire ASX2). Les suppositoires obtenus ont fait l’objet de contrôle qualité et d’évaluation de l’efficacité. Résultat : L’extrait était de couleur marron avec une texture fine. Son taux d’humidité était à 4,67 et le pH de 7,17. Les suppositoires avaient une forme allongée, une texture et un aspect uniforme avec un temps moyen de ramollissement de 8,36min et un point de fusion moyen de 37,3°C. L’étude phytochimique a permis de mettre en évidence des flavonoïdes. L’évaluation de l’activité antioxydante a donné une concentration inhibitrice 50 une IC50 de 9,35 µg/ml Par ABTS, un pourcentage d’inhibition de 54,34% par LPO et l’activité Antiinflammatoire par l’inhibition de la LOX avec une IC50 de 19,01 µg/ml. L’étude préliminaire anti hémorroïdaire a permis de constater une résorption de la suppuration induite par l’huile de croton. Conclusion : Les études réalisées offrent une alternative d’utilisation de l’extrait sous forme de suppositoires pour le traitement de l’inflammation de la maladie hémorroïdaire.

Enzymes are a key part of most metabolic processes and are required for the correct functioning of the human body, either directly or indirectly. Proteolytic enzymes aid in the digestion of proteins in the body. Proteolytic enzymes are created in the pancreas naturally, but they can also be found in certain diets. Serratiopeptidase is an enzyme found in the stomach wall of silkworms and produced from S. marcescens strain. Less solubility, toxicity, instability, incompatibility, and less penetration are all common issues with Serratiopeptidase drug delivery. Because of its proteinaceous nature, serratiopeptidase is susceptible to enzymatic breakdown in the gastrointestinal system. It also has a low permeability through the intestinal barrier due to its hydrophilic nature. Depending on the features of the medicine, a suitable delivery mechanism is required. Topical formulation may eliminate the risk of gastric degradation of drug and increase direct permeation through skin and show effects. Topical SRP may effectively lower inflammatory markers, as it has been found to have superior anti-inflammatory effects than topical NSAIDs. Serratiopeptidase topical formulations could be more effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications in treating local inflammation. This article reviews studies on various topical formulations., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Contexte : Les cellulites cervico-faciales d’origine dentaire sont des affections graves et redoutables qui posent un problème de prise en charge thérapeutique adaptée. L’objectif de ce travail est de présenter à travers un cas clinique, le cocktail explosif infection dentaire, sujet diabétique non équilibré et anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdien. Cas clinique : Patiente âgée de 55 ans, venue consulter pour des odontalgies localisées à la 36. La patiente présente des antécédents de diabète et d’hypertension artérielle. L’examen clinique et radiographique a permis de poser le diagnostic de parodontite apicale aigue. Un traitement médicamenteux (Amoxicilline, Paracétamol, Chlorexidine) a été mis en place et le patient a été adressé au diabétologue. Face à l’inflammation douloureuse d’origine dentaire,le diabétologue a prescrit des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens. Deux semaines plus tard, le sujet revient avec un tableau clinique marqué par une nécrose tissulaire maxillo-faciale étendue. Résultats : La prise en charge s’est faite en urgence au bloc opératoire sous anesthésie générale. Les suites opératoires ont été simples. Cependant, on note des préjudices esthétiques, fonctionnels et un surcout financier non négligeable. Conclusion : La triade infection dentaire, diabète déséquilibré et prise d’anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdiens constitue un cocktail explosif susceptible de mettre en jeu le pronostic vital du patient.

Ferula stenocarpa is an aromatic herb whose fruits are widely used in Persian traditional medicine as a painkiller and to relive inflammation-based disorders. Considering the higher content of essential oil in the fruits, the oil's anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were investigated in an animal model in vivo. The analgesic effect of Ferula stenocarpa fruits essential oil was evaluated via testing the writhing triggered by acetic acid examination and hot plate technique. Moreover, the acute anti-inflammatory effects were studied through the paw edema triggered in mice. Using 20 and 40 mg/kg of the oil revealed an analgesic impact considering the increment in the reaction time needed for the hot plate approach. Furthermore, all examined doses of the oil caused a reduction in the frequency of writhes in the mice. It was observed that the oil (40 mg/kg) followed by 10 and 20 mg/kg caused inflammatory reduction. The findings indicated that the oil may possess significant activities against acute inflammation. It had both peripheral and central pain-killing impacts. α-Pinene (43.1%) and ß-pinene (22.9%) as the main constituents of the oil, can be considered as the responsible compounds to manage inflammation and pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Canine & Féline is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of T2769, a new preservative-free eye drop combining hyaluronic acid (HA), trehalose and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (NAAGA), in dry eye patients., Patients and Methods: This was a multicenter, non-comparative, open-label study. After a run-in period with NaCl 0.9% solution, 62 patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye disease (DED) were included and treated with T2769, 3 to 6 times/day for 42 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in global ocular symptomatology assessed on a visual analog scale between Day 1 (D1) and D42. Other efficacy endpoints included ocular surface disease index (OSDI), soothing sensation, individual dry eye symptoms, conjunctival hyperemia, global ocular staining, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, and global efficacy assessed by the investigator. Safety was assessed throughout the study., Results: A marked reduction in ocular symptomatology was observed from D1 to D42 with a mean change of -55.9±23.1mm (P<0.001). This was accompanied by a mean change in OSDI score from baseline of -44.6±15.9 (P<0.001) and a substantial soothing sensation in 82.3% of patients. Clinically significant improvements were observed for all ocular symptoms (mainly burning/irritation, stinging/pain, feeling of ocular dryness, foreign body sensation, itching/pruritus). Conjunctival hyperemia significantly decreased in 96.8% of patients (56.5% displayed no conjunctival hyperemia at D42 versus 0% at baseline). All signs and symptoms improved by D14 and further improved at D42. Investigators assessed the ocular efficacy of T2769 as very satisfactory or satisfactory for 91.9% of patients at D42. T2769 was well tolerated, with no ocular adverse events and only a few ocular symptoms upon instillation., Conclusion: Management of moderate-to-severe DED patients with the new formulation T2769, combining NAAGA to HA and trehalose, led to rapid and significant improvements in dry eye signs and symptoms with good tolerability., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The current study aims to evaluate the toxicity and the pharmacological activities of a spontaneous, medicinal and aromatic plant of the North-east of Algeria. Calendula suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa Vahl. (Asteraceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including inflammation, duodenal ulcers, burns and skin diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract was evaluated by the inflammatory edema test induced by carrageenan in mice. And the analgesic activity has been determined in a model of pain induced by acetic acid. The diclofenac and acetylsalicylic acid are used as reference drugs. The toxicological study of the ethanolic extract revealed that the LD50 of this extract is greater than 1,000 mg/kg of body weight. The ethanolic extract at the dose 200 and 400 mg/kg administered orally and possesses a significant anti-inflammatory activity (test of Anova). The results of the analgesic activity also show the strong effect of the extract tested against chemical pain. This extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg, has analgesic activity greater to that of acetylsalicylic acid in the dose of 100 mg/kg, with a percentage inhibition of 81.13 ± 1.09%. These results confirm the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Calendula suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa Vahl., which are mainly due to the phytochemical composition of the extract studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbutus unedo also known as the strawberry tree is an evergreen shrub very appreciated in the Mediterranean area, however, it is still considered as an underexploited tree. Due to its various benefits, ethnobotanicals, chemists, nutritionists and anthropologists are more and more interested in it. It belongs to Erecaceae family and it is abundant, especially all over the Mediterranean sea and in other hotsummer and rainy-winter areas. In a bibliographic and an ethnobotanic study of the strawberry tree, we are going to briefly present the shrub, enumerate its different parts pharmacological properties and its operational fields. In traditional medicine, the fruits are used as antiseptics, diuretics and laxatives and the leaves are known by their diuretics, urinary antiseptics, antidiarrheal, astringent, depurative and antihypertensive properties. The high pharmacological potential was demonstrated by different Arbutus unedo extracts analysis, which provide it with its antidiarrheal, astringent, depurative and antihypertensive properties antifungal, anti-parasitic, antiaggregant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, and spasmolytic properties. Indeed, fruits, leaves and roots composition of this shrub reveals a promising basis as a phytopharmaceutical product and must motivate researchers to enhance their studies in order to develop innovative drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our present study focuses on the evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and healing activity of Withania frutescens L. The anti-inflammatory result has an inhibition percentage of 78.87% ± 7.08 at 450 mg/kg and 75.14% ± 6.39 at 400 mg/kg and 89.75% ± 3.44 for diclofenac (1%). When applied locally, the 10% cream has an inflammation inhibition of 96.87% ± 5.85 and 76.14% ± 7.88 for the 5% cream with 89.87 ± 6.20 of reference (Indomethacin). The abdominal contractions of rats treated with the root extract are significantly lower than those of the control group that received only physiological NaCl solution, with 41.20 ± 2.30 for the extract and 82.20 ± 5.04 for NaCl and 53.40 ± 4.94 for the reference. The healing activity of the studied extract records a percentage of contraction of about 93.20% ± 3.36 (Extract 10%), 84.50% ± 3.84 (Extract 5%), 48.47% ± 2.15 (control) and 81.88 ± 2.24 for the reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les poumons jouent un rôle primordial dans le système respiratoire. Par des cycles d'inspiration et d'expiration, ils permettent l'oxygénation sanguine mais également l'élimination du dioxyde de carbone. Par ailleurs, les poumons étant directement en contact avec l'extérieur, ils sont pourvus de nombreuses cellules inflammatoires qui ont pour rôle de protéger l'organisme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Razi Institute is the property of Institut Razi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'ibuprofène et le paracétamol sont certainement les médicaments les plus connus et les plus consommés. Sur prescription, sur conseil ou en automédication, ils sont facilement accessibles à l'ensemble de la population. L'équipe officinale est garante de leur bon usage. Ibuprofen and paracetamol are certainly the best known and most widely used drugs. They are easily accessible to the entire population on prescription, advice or self-medication. The pharmacy team is responsible for their proper use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gastric perforation is a dreadful complication of drug ingestion.It is a rare,but potentially fatal emergency in children.We report the case of the a 3-year-old girl with no relevant past history received as an emergency for genetalised abdominal pain.The pain was of sudden onset,following the intake of infusions and anti-inflammatory drugs for a fever. It became associated with a greenish vomitus and cessation of stool and flatus passage. The physical examination revealed an infectious syndrome and features of peritoneal irritation, leading to the diagnosis of acute generalised peritonitis. Intraoperatively,exploration confirmed the diagnosis and sited an antral perforation. She benefitted from an excision and suturing of the borders of the perforation.The histopathological examination of the borders concluded to lesions consistent with a periulcerative gastritis with no metaplasia. The postoperative period was uneventful. She received a Helicobacter Pylori éradication therapy.A year later the clinical examination was normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile oil (VO), extracted from the stems of Schisandra chinensis Baill. (SCS), was separated and identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The study was devised to investigate the effects of VO on oxidative stress and cognitive deficits induced by amyloid-β (Aβ(1-42)). Alzheimer's disease (AD) models were established by injecting Aβ(1-42) into the rat hippocampus and the effects of learning and memory were observed by a Morris water maze test, immunohistological alterations, and correlative indicators covering nerve growth (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-cell-derived trophic factor, and nerve growth factor), interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and microglial CD11b in AD rats. And activities of SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px were ameliorated by VO. The neurotrophic factors GFAP and microglial CD11b were noticeably improved in histopathologic changes. These data suggested that VO from SCS had potential activities for the prevention and treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive exposure to fluoride is associated with male reproductive dysfunction in humans and animals. Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is a free intracellular β-amino acid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of taurine on fluoride-induced reproductive toxicity has not been reported. The present study investigated the influence of taurine on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced functional changes along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in male rats. NaF was administered singly in drinking water at 15 mg·L−1 alone or orally co-administered by gavage with taurine at 100 and 200 mg·(kg body mass)−1 for 45 consecutive days. Results showed that taurine significantly prevented NaF-induced increase in oxidative stress indices as well as augmented antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level in the brain, testes, and epididymis of the treated rats. Moreover, taurine reversed NaF-induced elevation in inflammatory biomarkers and caspase-3 activity as well as histological damage in the brain, testes, and epididymis of the treated rats. The significant reversal of NaF-induced decreases in testosterone level and testicular activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase by taurine was accompanied by enhancement of sperm functional characteristics in the treated rats. Taurine may be a possible chemopreventive candidate against reproductive dysfunction resulting from fluoride exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In oral surgery, procedures are often associated with an inflammatory process including pain, edema and trismus. This can be intense and disabling. This process can be controlled by prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are substances that permit to soften functional, esthetic and painful consequences of surgery. However they can present many sideeffects, especially in long term steroid medication, that limit their use. Recent studies have determined the safety and the effectiveness of corticosteroids in short term use in oral surgical procedures, in particular in some clinical situations such as impacted teeth, multiple extraction, vestibuloplasty, osseous surgery, and other dentoalveolar surgery. These studies have also permitted to better understand their mechanism of action, and to propose a rational protocol for their use in oral surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoammonim glycyrrhizate (MAG) derived from licorice has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Chemokines are vital inflammatory mediators that are involved with endothelial damage from leukocyte infiltrates in various inflammatory skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of MAG on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced chemokine production in a human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). HMEC-1 cells were treated with TNF-α, with or without MAG. The results showed that MAG suppressed TNF-α-induced chemokine (including CXCL8, CX3CL1, and CXCL16) mRNA expression in HMEC-1 cells, in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced the secretion of these chemokines in culture supernatant. Moreover, endothelial activation in the presence of MAG blocked the chemotactic activities of TNF-α-stimulated HMEC-1 cell supernatant on the migration of primary neutrophils and primary monocytes. In addition, Western blot and immunofluorescence data revealed that MAG inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65). It is the first report to demonstrate that MAG suppresses TNF-α-induced chemokine production in HMEC-1 cells, and that the mechanism may be inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus to prevent the starting of inflammatory signaling pathway. Our results revealed that MAG is a potential anti-inflammatory agent capable of improving inflammatory skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major reasons for terminating a clinical trial is the liver toxicity induced by chemotherapy. Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anti-estrogen used in the treatment and prevention of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Tamoxifen therapy may cause hepatic injury. The seeds of Nigella sativa, which contain the active ingredient thymoquinone (TQ), have been used in folk medicine for diverse ailments. TQ is reported to possess anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, the protective effects of TQ against TAM-induced hepatotoxicity in female rats were evaluated. Four groups of rats were used: control; TAM; TQ; TAM+TQ. TAM (45 mg·(kg body mass)-1·day-1, by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), for 10 consecutive days) resulted in elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase, as well as depletion of reduced glutathione in the liver and accumulation of lipid peroxides. Also, TAM treatment inhibited the hepatic activity of superoxide dismutase. Further, it raised the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the liver and induced histopathological changes. Pretreatment with TQ (50 mg·(kg body mass)-1·day-1; orally, for 20 consecutive days, starting 10 days before TAM injection) significantly prevented the elevation in serum activity of the assessed enzymes. TQ significantly inhibited TAM-induced hepatic GSH depletion and LPO accumulation. Consistently, TQ normalized the activity of SOD, inhibited the rise in TNF-α and ameliorated the histopathological changes. In conclusion, TQ protects against TAM-induced hepatotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les dermocorticoïdes sont de puissants anti-inflammatoires superficiels utilisés dans de nombreuses pathologies inflammatoires chroniques ou aiguës. Ces topiques peuvent être responsables d’effets indésirables, en particulier locaux, de type atrophie cutanée, vergetures, télangiectasies, infection, cicatrisation retardée, hypertrichose, dermatite péri-orale, altération pigmentaire, aggravation d’une acné ou d’une rosacée… Le conseil du pharmacien est primordial afin de permettre une application adéquate et une réussite du traitement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which the release of reactive oxygen species by infiltrating immune cells contributes to demyelination. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a natural health product with numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ginseng could influence the course of the disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. C57BL/6J mice were immunized with MOG(35-55) peptide to induce EAE. After clinical disease appeared, mice received either oral doses of an aqueous extract of ginseng (150 mg/kg body mass), or the vehicle. Clinical symptoms were recorded, and spinal cord tissue samples were analyzed for pathological signs of disease. The aqueous extract of ginseng significantly decreased (i) clinical signs of EAE, (ii) levels of circulating TNF-α, and (iii) central nervous system immunoreactive iNOS and demyelination scores, without a change in other neuropathological measures. This study shows that an aqueous extract of ginseng may be able to attenuate certain signs of EAE, suggesting that it may be a useful adjuvant therapy for MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review concentrates on best evidence emerging in recent years on cerebral palsy prevention by administration of magnesium sulphate in mothers being at risk of preterm birth before 33-34 weeks' gestation. It has been shown in the Cochrane database and in three meta-analysis of five randomised trials (Magpie Trial [neuroprotection of the preeclamptic mother], MagNet [neuroprotection/other intent: tocolysis], ACTOMgSO [neuroprotection], PRE-MAG [neuroprotection] and BEAM [neuroprotection]) that prenatal low-dose of magnesium sulphate given to mothers at risk of preterm birth has no severe deleterious effects in mothers and does not increase paediatric mortality in verypreterm infants. Moreover, it has a significant neuroprotective effects on occurrence of cerebral palsy at two years of age (with a 0.69 relative risk and a 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.87) and, in the neuroprotection subgroup, on the combined outcome of pediatric mortality or cerebral palsy (with a 0.85 relative risk and a 95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.98). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one case of cerebral palsy was 63 (95% CI: 39 to 172) and the NNT for an extra survivor free of cerebral palsy in the neuroprotection subgroup was 41 (95% CI: 22 to 357), justifying that magnesium sulphate should be discussed as a stand-alone treatment or as part of a combination treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)