1. Anthocyanin attenuates high salt-induced hypertension via inhibiting the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Author
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Xu C, Zhu J, Gong G, Guo L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, and Ma C
- Subjects
- Rats, Animals, Sodium Chloride, Dietary adverse effects, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Sodium Chloride adverse effects, Sodium Chloride metabolism, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sympathetic Nervous System, Inflammation metabolism, Caspases metabolism, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus metabolism, Anthocyanins adverse effects, Anthocyanins metabolism, Hypertension chemically induced, Hypertension metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Anthocyanin plays a protective role in cardiovascular disease through antioxidant effect. Whether anthocyanin can reduce salt-induced hypertension and the related mechanisms remain unclear., Methods: Chronic infusion of vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF, 0.4 μL/h) or anthocyanin (10 mg/kg, 0.4 μL/h) into bilateral paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of Sprague-Dawley rats was performed. Then, the rats were fed a high salt diet (8% NaCl, HS) or normal salt diet (0.9%, NaCl, NS) for 4 weeks., Results: High salt diet induced an increase in blood pressure and peripheral sympathetic nerve activity (increased LF/HF and decreased SDNN and RMSSD), which was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT
1 R) expression and function in the PVN. Moreover, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and related inflammatory proteins (caspase-1) expression, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels including IL-1β and TNF-α were higher in PVN of rats with a high salt diet. Bilateral PVN infusion of anthocyanin attenuated NLRP3-dependent inflammation (NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and TNF-α) and ROS production, reduced AT1 R expression and function in PVN and lowered peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats with salt-induced hypertension., Conclusions: Excessive salt intake activates NLRP3-dependent inflammation and oxidative stress and increased AT1 R expression and function in the PVN. Bilateral PVN infusion of anthocyanin lowers peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats with salt-induced hypertension by improvement of expression and function of AT1 R in the PVN through inhibiting NLRP3 related inflammatory and oxidative stress.- Published
- 2023
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