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1. Cryptococcal Meningitis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Two-Decade Cohort Study in France

Author: Laurène Tardieu, Gillian Divard, Olivier Lortholary, Anne Scemla, Éric Rondeau, Isabelle Accoceberry, Rémi Agbonon, Alexandre Alanio, Adela Angoulvant, Laetitia Albano, Philippe Attias, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Dominique Bertrand, Julie Bonhomme, Françoise Botterel, Nicolas Bouvier, Matthias Buchler, Taieb Chouaki, Thomas Crépin, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Gary Doppelt, Loïc Favennec, Arnaud Fekkar, Ophélie Fourdinier, Marie Frimat, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Claire Garandeau, Lilia Hasseine, Christophe Hennequin, Xavier Iriart, Nassim Kamar, Hannah Kaminski, Raphael Kormann, Laurence Lachaud, Christophe Legendre, Moglie Le Quintrec Donnette, Jordan Leroy, Charlène Levi, Marie Machouart, David Marx, Jean Menotti, Valérie Moal, Florent Morio, Natacha Mrozek, Muriel Nicolas, Philippe Poirier, Marie-Noelle Peraldi, Benjamin Poussot, Stéphane Ranque, Jean-Philippe Rerolle, Boualem Sendid, Renaud Snanoudj, Jérôme Tourret, Marc Vasse, Cécile Vigneau, Odile Villard, Laurent Mesnard, Fanny Lanternier, and Cédric Rafat
Subjects: cryptococcosis, opportunistic infection, transplant associated diseases, renal transplantation, cryptococcal meningitis, graft outcome, Medicine
Abstract: Cryptococcosis is the third most common cause of invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant recipients and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) its main clinical presentation. CM outcomes, as well as its clinical features and radiological characteristics, have not yet been considered on a large scale in the context of kidney transplantation (KT). We performed a nationwide retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis after KT between 2002 and 2020 across 30 clinical centers in France. We sought to describe overall and graft survival based on whether KT patients with cryptococcosis developed CM or not. Clinical indicators of CNS involvement and brain radiological characteristics were assessed. Eighty-eight cases of cryptococcosis were diagnosed during the study period, with 61 (69.3%) cases of CM. Mortality was high (32.8%) at 12 months (M12) but not significantly different whether or not patients presented with CM. Baseline hyponatremia and at least one neurological symptom were independently associated with CM (p < 0.001). Positive serum cryptococcal antigen at diagnosis was also significantly associated with CM (p < 0.001). On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), three patterns of brain injury were identified: parenchymal, meningeal, and vascular lesions. Although CM does not affect graft function directly, it entails a grim prognosis.
Published: 2022
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2. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with or without AIDS, France

Author: Antoine Roux, Emmanuel Canet, Sandrine Valade, Florence Gangneux-Robert, Samia Hamane, Ariane Lafabrie, Daniéle Maubon, Anne Debourgogne, Soléne Le Gal, Fréderic Dalle, Marion Leterrier, Dominique Toubas, Christelle Pomares, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Julie Bonhomme, Antoine Berry, Isabelle Durand-Joly, Denis Magne, Denis Pons, Christophe Hennequin, Eric Maury, Patricia Roux, and Élie Azoulay
Subjects: Immune suppression, HIV/AIDS, cancer, transplantation, mechanical ventilation, viruses, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients without AIDS is increasingly common. We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with proven PCP; of 544 patients, 223 (41%) had AIDS (AIDS patients) and 321 (59%) had other immunosuppressive disorders (non-AIDS patients). Fewer AIDS than non-AIDS patients required intensive care or ventilation, and the rate of hospital deaths—17.4% overall—was significantly lower for AIDS versus non-AIDS patients (4% vs. 27%; p
Published: 2014
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3. Fumagillin Shortage: How to Treat Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in 2024?

Author: Cyril Garrouste, Philippe Poirier, Charlotte Uro-Coste, Xavier Iriart, Nassim Kamar, Julie Bonhomme, Eve Calvar, Solène Le Gal, Luca Lanfranco, Brice Autier, Lucien Rakoff, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Clément Danthu, Florent Morio, Clément Deltombe, Alicia Moreno-Sabater, Nacera Ouali, Damien Costa, Dominique Bertrand, Adélaïde Chesnay, Philippe Gatault, Meja Rabodonirina, Emmanuel Morelon, Jérôme Dumortier, Emilie Sitterlé, Anne Scemla, Samia Hamane, Laurène Cachera, Céline Damiani, Coralie Poulain, Coralie L’Ollivier, Valérie Moal, Laurence Delhaes, Hannah Kaminski, Estelle Cateau, Laure Ecotière, Julie Brunet, Sophie Caillard, Stéphane Valot, Claire Tinel, Nicolas Argy, Quentin Raimbourg, Marie Gladys Robert, Johan Noble, Aude Boignard, Françoise Botterel, Marie Matignon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Thomas Crépin, Jordan Leroy, Arnaud Lionet, Anne Debourgogne, Muriel Nicolas, Joëlle Claudéon, Maxime Moniot, Céline Lambert, and Céline Nourrisson
Subjects: solid organ transplant, nitazoxanide, microsporidiosis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, infectious diarrhea, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Intestinal microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an opportunistic infection that especially affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Management revolves around tapering the immunosuppressive regimen and/or using a specific anti-microsporidia treatment, but only fumagillin has demonstrated efficacy for treatment of this infection. Since fumagillin has been commercially discontinued, nitazoxanide is increasingly being used in this indication. We aimed to describe therapeutic management of E. bieneusi infections in this context. We conducted a French nationwide observational retrospective study on reported cases of E. bieneusi infections in SOT recipients. We identified 154 cases: 64 (41.6%) were managed by simply modifying the immunosuppressive regimen, 54 (35.1%) were given fumagillin, and 36 (23.4%) were given nitazoxanide. Clinical remission rate ranged from 77.8% to 90.7% and was not significantly different between therapeutic strategies but tended to be lower with nitazoxanide. Stool negativization rate was highest with fumagillin (91.7%) and lowest with nitazoxanide (28.6%). Relapses occurred in 6.9% of cases and were more frequent with nitazoxanide (14.3%). This study shows that tapering immunosuppression can result in a satisfactory remission rate but is sometimes accompanied by relapses. Nitazoxanide had limited effectiveness, whereas fumagillin had good results that provide a solid rationale for bringing fumagillin back to market.Trial Registration NumberClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05417815.
Published: 2024
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4. Comparison of different lateral flow assays on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for invasive aspergillosis screening in non-hematological patients

Author: Eliane, Devillers, primary, Emeline, Scherer, additional, Jean-Chistophe, Navellou, additional, Frédéric, Grenouillet, additional, Laurence, Millon, additional, and Anne-Pauline, Bellanger, additional
Published: 2024
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5. COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Fungemia, and Pneumocystosis in the Intensive Care Unit: a Retrospective Multicenter Observational Cohort during the First French Pandemic Wave

Author: Stéphane Bretagne, Karine Sitbon, Françoise Botterel, Sarah Dellière, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Taieb Chouaki, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Christine Bonnal, Arnault Fekkar, Florence Persat, Damien Costa, Nathalie Bourgeois, Frédéric Dalle, Florian Lussac-Sorton, André Paugam, Sophie Cassaing, Lilia Hasseine, Antoine Huguenin, Nadia Guennouni, Edith Mazars, Solène Le Gal, Milène Sasso, Sophie Brun, Lucile Cadot, Carole Cassagne, Estelle Cateau, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Maxime Moniot, Anne-Laure Roux, Céline Tournus, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Alain Le Coustumier, Olivier Moquet, Alexandre Alanio, and Françoise Dromer
Subjects: COVID-19, Aspergillus, fungemia, pneumocystosis, critical care, France, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic means, host factors, delay of occurrence, and outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and fungal coinfections in the intensive care unit (ICU). From 1 February to 31 May 2020, we anonymously recorded COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), fungemia (CA-fungemia), and pneumocystosis (CA-PCP) from 36 centers, including results on fungal biomarkers in respiratory specimens and serum. We collected data from 154 episodes of CAPA, 81 of CA-fungemia, 17 of CA-PCP, and 5 of other mold infections from 244 patients (male/female [M/F] ratio = 3.5; mean age, 64.7 ± 10.8 years). CA-PCP occurred first after ICU admission (median, 1 day; interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 3 days), followed by CAPA (9 days; IQR, 5 to 13 days), and then CA-fungemia (16 days; IQR, 12 to 23 days) (P < 10−4). For CAPA, the presence of several mycological criteria was associated with death (P < 10−4). Serum galactomannan was rarely positive (
Published: 2021
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6. Complete mitochondrial exploration of Echinococcus multilocularis from French alveolar echinococcosis patients

Author: Louis Bohard, Séverine Lallemand, Romain Borne, Sandra Courquet, Solange Bresson-Hadni, Carine Richou, Laurence Millon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, and Jenny Knapp
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Parasitology
Published: 2023
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7. Gradient concentration strip–specific epidemiological cut-off values of antifungal drugs in various yeast species and five prevalent Aspergillus species complexes

Author: Victor Mercier, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Laurence Delhaes, Francoise Botterel, Danièle Maubon, Frédéric Dalle, Alexandre Alanio, Sandrine Houzé, Eric Dannaoui, Carole Cassagne, Sophie Cassaing, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Arnaud Fekkar, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Julie Bonhomme, Damien Dupont, Damien Costa, Boualem Sendid, Taieb Chouaki, Nathalie Bourgeois, Antoine Huguenin, Sophie Brun, Caroline Mahinc, Lilia Hasseine, Solène Le Gal, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eric Bailly, Florent Morio, Céline Nourrisson, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Estelle Perraud-Cateau, Anne Debourgogne, Hélène Yéra, Laurence Lachaud, Milène Sasso, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques - Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity (BPF), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Limoges, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Département de microbiologie [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Infection Inflammation et Interaction Hôtes Pathogènes [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (3IHP ), Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Gradient concentration strip–specific, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, Epidemiological cut-off values, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, Antifungal susceptibility, Candida
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To determine the epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs) of ten antifungal agents in a wide range of yeasts and Aspergillus spp. using gradient concentration strips.Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations for amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, determined with gradient concentration strips at 35 French microbiology laboratories between 2002 and 2020, were retrospectively collected. Then, the ECVs were calculated using the iterative method and a cut-off value of 97.5%.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations were available for 17 653 clinical isolates. In total, 48 ECVs (including 32 new ECVs) were determined: 29 ECVs for frequent yeast species (e.g. Candida albicans and itraconazole/flucytosine, and Candida glabrata species complex [SC] and flucytosine) and rare yeast species (e.g. Candida dubliniensis, Candida inconspicua, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cryptococcus neoformans) and 19 ECVs for Aspergillusflavus SC, Aspergillusfumigatus SC, Aspergillusnidulans SC, Aspergillusniger SC, and Aspergillusterreus SC.Conclusions: These ECVs can be added to the already available gradient concentration strip-specific ECVs to facilitate minimum inhibitory concentration interpretation and streamline the identification of nonwild type isolates.
Published: 2022
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8. Exposure Assessment Tools for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report

Author: Yasunari Miyazaki, Simon L.F. Walsh, Yuh-Chin T. Huang, Kirk D. Jones, Coralynn Sack, Ganesh Raghu, Ferran Morell, Kevin Kennedy, Hayley Barnes, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Julie Morisset, Kevin R. Flaherty, M. L. Millerick-May, Leticia Kawano-Dourado, Kerri A. Johannson, Coreen Robbins, Cecile S. Rose, Margaret L. Salisbury, Evans R. Fernández Pérez, Moisés Selman, Martina Vasakova, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service de Pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et allergologie respiratoire [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, exposure assessment, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Lymphocyte proliferation, Population health, Occupational medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pulmonary medicine, medicine, Humans, Environmental impact assessment, 030212 general & internal medicine, Exposure assessment, American Thoracic Society Documents, interstitial lung disease, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, pulmonary fibrosis, business.industry, Research needs, medicine.disease, Texas, United States, 3. Good health, Radiography, 030228 respiratory system, Family medicine, business, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic
Abstract: International audience; This report is based on proceedings from the Exposure Assessment Tools for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) Workshop, sponsored by the American Thoracic Society, that took place on May 18, 2019, in Dallas, Texas. The workshop was initiated by members from the Environmental, Occupational, and Population Health and Clinical Problems Assemblies of the American Thoracic Society. Participants included international experts from pulmonary medicine, occupational medicine, radiology, pathology, and exposure science. The meeting objectives were to 1) define currently available tools for exposure assessment in evaluation of HP, 2) describe the evidence base supporting the role for these exposure assessment tools in HP evaluation, 3) identify limitations and barriers to each tool's implementation in clinical practice, 4) determine which exposure assessment tools demonstrate the best performance characteristics and applicability, and 5) identify research needs for improving exposure assessment tools for HP. Specific discussion topics included history-taking and exposure questionnaires, antigen avoidance, environmental assessment, specific inhalational challenge, serum-specific IgG testing, skin testing, lymphocyte proliferation testing, and a multidisciplinary team approach. Priorities for research in this area were identified.
Published: 2020
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9. Refractory invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus flavus detected with the combination of two in-house Aspergillus qPCR

Author: Adrien Caillet, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Jean Christophe Navellou, Etienne Daguindau, Steffi Rocchi, Emeline Scherer, Ana Berceanu, and Laurence Millon
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Published: 2023
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10. Bird fancier's lung serodiagnosis by automated r-IgLL1 ELISA

Author: Adeline Rouzet, Emeline Scherer, Coralie Barrera, Anne Gondouin, Gabriel Reboux, Karine Humbert, Laurence Millon, and Anne-Pauline Bellanger
Subjects: Avian Proteins, Bird Fancier's Lung, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Serologic Tests, Antigens, Methylcellulose, Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic
Abstract: Bird fancier's lung (BFL) is the most prevalent form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) worldwide. The current techniques used for the serological diagnosis of BFL all use crude extracts from feathers, droppings, and blooms as test antigens, which is associated with a lack of standardization and variability of the results. An antigenic protein, immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide-1 (IgLL1), isolated from pigeon droppings, was recently identified to be associated with BFL. We used genetic engineering to produce IgLL1 as a recombinant antigen.We aimed to prospectively validate the use of an automated ELISA based on recombinant IgLL1 protein (r-IgLL1) as the test antigen for the serological diagnosis of BFL.Immunoprecipitation (IP) techniques (immunodiffusion (ID), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)) and ELISA using r-IgLL1 were performed concomitantly over 10 months on 634 sera from patients with a BFL serodiagnosis request. Questionnaires were sent to obtain details on the avian exposure, clinical data, and final diagnosis. Concordance, sensitivity (Se), and specificity (Sp) of the two techniques were compared.In total, 72 completed questionnaires were returned with 18 cases of BFL diagnosed and 54 of non-BFL. The concordance between the ELISA and ID+IEP precipitation techniques was 71%. The combination of immunoprecipitation techniques showed a Se of 78% and a Sp of 67%. The ELISA using r-IgLL1 showed a Se of 89% and a Sp of 91%. The automated r-IgLL1 ELISA test is sufficiently efficient to be used alone for the diagnosis of patients exposed solely to Columbidae. In cases of other avian exposure, the Se and Sp of the r-IgLL1 ELISA used for screening combined with the immunodiffusion test for confirmation were 89% and 93%, respectively.The automated ELISA using r-IgLL1 is a promising tool for BFL serodiagnosis. Replacing immunodiffusion by the automated ELISA using r-IgLL1 as a screening technique will be the basis of our future strategy for BFL serodiagnosis.
Published: 2021

11. Analysis of cytokines in tear fluid from atopic dermatitis patients with dupilumab‐associated ocular adverse events

Author: Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Louise Vuillemey, François Aubin, Anne-Sophie Gauthier, Bernard Delbosc, Eve Puzenat, Marc Puyraveau, Camille Febvay, and Cécile Chagué
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Dermatology, Atopic dermatitis, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Conjunctivitis, medicine.disease, Severity of Illness Index, Dupilumab, Dermatitis, Atopic, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, medicine, Cytokines, Humans, Adverse effect, business
Published: 2021
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12. Current practice of French health professionals regarding Japanese encephalitis vaccination

Author: Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Philippe Marguet, F. Bozon, R. Léger, C. Amat, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Personnel, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Encephalitis, Japanese, Multiple choice, Response rate (survey), Protocol (science), Vaccination center, 0303 health sciences, Health professionals, Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Vaccination, Middle Aged, Japanese encephalitis, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Current practice, Health Care Surveys, Family medicine, Encéphalite japonaise, Female, France, Centre de vaccination, business, Japanese encephalitis vaccination, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a rare but severe disease. It is a potential threat for people traveling to endemic areas. The risk of developing JE is low (1%), but the associated case fatality is high (30%). There is no specific treatment for JE, but a vaccine is available. We performed an observational survey to assess practices of French health professionals regarding JE vaccination.Standardized questionnaires were sent by email to a sample of French health professionals practicing in vaccination centers. Participation was on a voluntary and anonymous basis. The questionnaires requested socio-demographic details, and included multiple choice questions.The response rate was 38.5%. Most participating health professionals had been working for more than three years in a vaccination center and declared not to be reluctant to perform JE vaccination. Reluctance was mostly based on the vaccine cost and on the difficulty to properly assess the risk for patients. The rapid protocol was largely preferred except in the overseas regions (P0.05, Fisher's exact test). Traveling to South Asia and backpacking were considered at-risk conditions. Participants proposed the vaccination all year round. Most participants would not have proposed the JE vaccination for the concrete case outlined in the questionnaire.French health professionals are globally favorable to JE vaccination. However, assessing the risk of exposure is difficult in routine practice.
Published: 2019
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13. Evaluation of Serum Mucorales Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the Diagnosis of Mucormycoses: The MODIMUCOR Prospective Trial

Author: Laurence Millon, Denis Caillot, Ana Berceanu, Stéphane Bretagne, Fanny Lanternier, Florent Morio, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Frédéric Dalle, Blandine Denis, Alexandre Alanio, David Boutoille, Marie Elisabeth Bougnoux, Françoise Botterel, Taieb Chouaki, Amandine Charbonnier, Florence Ader, Damien Dupont, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Steffi Rocchi, Emeline Scherer, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, and Raoul Herbrecht
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Antifungal Agents, Amphotericin B, Mucorales, Humans, Mucormycosis, Prospective Studies, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Early Detection of Cancer
Abstract: Background Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of specific antifungal treatment are essential for improving the prognosis of mucormycosis. We aimed to assess the performance of serum Mucorales quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the early diagnosis and follow-up of mucormycosis. Methods We prospectively enrolled 232 patients with suspicion of invasive mold disease, evaluated using standard imaging and mycological procedures. Thirteen additional patients with proven or probable mucormycosis were included to analyze DNA load kinetics. Serum samples were collected twice-a-week for Mucorales qPCR tests targeting the Mucorales genera Lichtheimia, Rhizomucor, and Mucor/Rhizopus. Results The sensitivity was 85.2%, specificity 89.8%, and positive and negative likelihood ratios 8.3 and 0.17, respectively in this prospective study. The first Mucorales qPCR-positive serum was observed a median of 4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 0–9) before sampling of the first mycological or histological positive specimen and a median of one day (IQR, −2 to 6) before the first imaging was performed. Negativity of Mucorales qPCR within seven days after liposomal-amphotericin B initiation was associated with an 85% lower 30-day mortality rate (adjusted hazard ratio = 0·15, 95% confidence interval [.03–.73], P = .02). Conclusions Our study argues for the inclusion of qPCR for the detection of circulating Mucorales DNA for mucormycosis diagnosis and follow-up after treatment initiation. Positive results should be added to the criteria for the consensual definitions from the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (EORTC/MSGERC), as already done for Aspergillus PCR.
Published: 2021

14. Risk factors and outcome of pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients– a multinational observational study by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology

Author: Sara Volpi, Marc Bourgeois, Mathilde Chamula, Gregor Paul, Jeffrey D. Jenks, Marijke Reynders, Jean-Jacques Tudesq, Marisa H. Miceli, Patricia Muñoz, Stefan Hatzl, Martin Hoenigl, Tobias Lahmer, Paul Bowyer, Sara Gago, Piet Lormans, Lynn Rutsaert, Chiara Robba, Philipp Eller, Peter Zechner, Antonis Rokas, Jonas Frost, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Katrien Lagrou, Jon Salmanton-García, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson, Gustavo H. Goldman, Kauser Jabeen, Simon Feys, Yves Debaveye, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Marina Machado, P. Lewis White, Robert Krause, Joerg Steinmann, Laurence Delhaes, Joost Wauters, Juergen Prattes, Matthias Kochanek, Philipp Koehler, Alexander C. Reisinger, Oliver A. Cornely, Paolo Pelosi, Maricela Valerio, Cornelia Lass-Floerl, Niels Van Regenmortel, Matteo Bassetti, Marina Linhofer, and Johan Maertens
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Survival, Critical Illness, Mycology, intensive care unit, survival, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, coronavirus disease 2019, Tocilizumab, law, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Intensive care, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Survival rate, Aged, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Hazard ratio, COVID-19, CAPA, General Medicine, Intensive care unit, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, chemistry, ICU, coronavirus disease 2019-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, Observational study, Original Article, Pulmonary Aspergillosis, business, Complication
Abstract: Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has emerged as a complication in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The objectives of this multinational study were to determine the prevalence of CAPA in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICU) and to investigate risk factors for CAPA as well as outcome. Methods: The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) conducted a multinational study including 20 centres from nine countries to assess epidemiology, risk factors and outcome of CAPA. CAPA was defined according to the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus definitions. Results: A total of 592 patients were included in this study, including 11 (1.9%) patients with histologically proven CAPA, 80 (13.5%) with probable CAPA, 18 (3%) with possible CAPA and 483 (81.6%) without CAPA. CAPA was diagnosed a median of 8 days (range 0–31 days) after ICU admission predominantly in older patients (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.04 per year; 95% CI 1.02–1.06) with any form of invasive respiratory support (HR 3.4; 95% CI 1.84–6.25) and receiving tocilizumab (HR 2.45; 95% CI 1.41–4.25). Median prevalence of CAPA per centre was 10.7% (range 1.7%–26.8%). CAPA was associated with significantly lower 90-day ICU survival rate (29% in patients with CAPA versus 57% in patients without CAPA; Mantel–Byar p < 0.001) and remained an independent negative prognostic variable after adjusting for other predictors of survival (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.59–2.87, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of CAPA varied between centres. CAPA was significantly more prevalent among older patients, patients receiving invasive ventilation and patients receiving tocilizumab, and was an independent strong predictor of ICU mortality.
Published: 2021
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15. Occupational Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome

Author: David I. Bernstein, Jean-Luc Malo, Torben Sigsgaard, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Gabriel Reboux, Jean-Charles Dalphin, and Laurence Millon
Subjects: Organic dust, business.industry, Immunology, Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Published: 2021
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16. High mortality of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in France: a nationwide retrospective study

Author: Valérie Letscher-Bru, Karine Sitbon, Sarah Dellière, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Victor Gerber, Adela Angoulvant, Fabrice Uhel, Gilles Gargala, Françoise Botterel, Juliette Guitard, Justin Michel, François Danion, Fanny Lanternier, Marjorie Cornu, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Stéphane Bretagne, and Guillaume Desoubeaux
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, High mortality, Mucormycosis, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Anatomical sites, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Medicine, business
Abstract: We studied COVID-19 associated mucormycosis based on 17 cases reported nationwide and assessed the differences with India. They differed by frequencies of diabetes mellitus (47% in France versus 95% in India), hematological malignancies (35% versus 1%), anatomical sites (53% lung versus >80% rhino-orbito-cerebral) and prognosis (>80% mortality versus
Published: 2021
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17. Characteristics and outcome according to underlying disease in non-AIDS patients with acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis pneumonia

Author: Christophe Hennequin, Virginie Lemiale, Julie Bonhomme, Antoine Roux, Xavier Iriart, M. Leterrier, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Solène Le Gal, Dominique Toubas, Samia Hamane, Danièle Maubon, Isabelle Durand-Joly, Sandrine Valade, Lucie Biard, Eric Maury, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Anne Debourgogne, Denis Pons, Christelle Pomares, Denis Magne, Frédéric Dalle, Gaston Burghi, Elie Azoulay, Antoine Berry, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de biostatistique et information médicale de l’hôpital Saint Louis (Equipe ECSTRA) (SBIM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), French ministry of health, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Organ transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Medical microbiology, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Aged, Outcome, business.industry, Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Immunosuppression, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hematologic Diseases, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Lymphoid, Infectious Diseases, Acute Disease, ICU, Observational study, Female, business, Respiratory Insufficiency
Abstract: International audience; In the non-AIDS group, several underlying conditions and immune defects could lead to different PCP presentations. This study compared PCP presentation and outcome according to the underlying disease. A secondary analysis of a previously published prospective observational study including 544 PCP patients was done. Only non-AIDS patients were included. Underlying disease was defined as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), organ transplantation, solid cancer, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT), other hematological diseases, and immunosuppressive treatment. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups. Multiple correspondent analyses compared clinical characteristics at diagnosis. Day 30 mortality was analyzed. Three hundred and twenty-one patients were included in the study. The underlying diseases were hematological malignancy (n = 75), AHSCT (n = 14), CLL (n = 19), solid organ transplant (n = 94), solid tumor (n = 39), and immunosuppressive treatment (n = 57). Compared with other underlying diseases, PCP related to CLL was closer to PCP related to AIDS presentation (long duration of symptoms before diagnosis, high level of dyspnea, and low oxygen saturation at diagnosis). Day 30 mortality was associated with underlying disease, oxygen flow, and shock at ICU admission. PCP presentations may vary according to the underlying reason for immunosuppression. Response to treatment and adjuvant steroid therapy should be analyzed regarding this result.
Published: 2021
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18. Investigating the impact of posaconazole prophylaxis on systematic fungal screening using galactomannan antigen, Aspergillus fumigatus qPCR, and Mucorales qPCR

Author: Eric Deconinck, Tess Monnot, Laurence Millon, Ana Berceanu, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Emeline Scherer, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Damien Bichard, Natacha Tatoyan, Damien Montange, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Pôle pharmaceutique [CHRU Besançon], Service d'hématologie, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie [CHRU Besancon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service d'Epidémiologie [CHRU Besançon], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Hôpital JeanMinjoz, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: Mucorales, Posaconazole, Prophylaxie antifongique, QPCR Aspergillus fumigatus, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mannans, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Retrospective Studies, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Galactose, Triazoles, biology.organism_classification, Galactomannan Antigen, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Antifungal prophylaxis, business, Invasive Fungal Infections, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Aspergillus fumigatus qPCR, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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19. Innate and adaptive immune responses following PD‐L1 blockade in treating chronic murine alveolar echinococcosis

Author: Bruno Gottstein, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Junhua Wang, Christine Goepfert, Michel Dosch, Laurence Millon, Britta Lunström-Stadelmann, Fadi Jebbawi, Denis Grandgirard, Guido Beldi, Stephen L. Leib, Reto Rufener, Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, anti-PD-L1, medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, albendazole, 610 Medicine & health, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, B7-H1 Antigen, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Echinococcosis, PD-L1, medicine, Animals, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Innate immune system, 630 Agriculture, biology, Immunity, Immunotherapy, Immune checkpoint, 3. Good health, Blockade, 030104 developmental biology, Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, 570 Life sciences, Echinococcus multilocularis, Parasitology, immunotherapy
Abstract: BACKGROUND Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint blockade is efficacious in certain cancer therapies. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to provide a picture about the development of innate and adaptive immune responses upon PD-L1 blockade in treating chronic murine AE. METHODS Immune treatment started at 6 weeks post E. multilocularis-infection, and was maintained for 8 weeks with twice per week anti-PD-L1 administration (intraperitoneal). The study included an outgroup-control with mice perorally medicated with albendazole five days/week, and another one with both treatments combined. Assessment of treatment efficacy was based on determining parasite weight, innate and adaptive immune cell profiles, histopathology, and liver tissue cytokine levels. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Findings showed that the parasite load was significantly reduced in response to PD-L1 blockade, and this blockade a) contributed to T cell activity by increasing CD4+ /CD8+ effector T cells, and decreasing Tregs; b) had the capacity to re-store DCs and Kupffer cells/Macrophages; c) suppressed NKT and NK cells; and thus d) lead to an improved control of E. multilocularis infection in mice. This study suggests that the PD-L1 pathway plays an important role by regulating adaptive and innate immune cells against E. multilocularis infection, with significant modulation of tissue inflammation.
Published: 2021
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20. Birds of a Feather Precipitate Together

Author: Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Kerri A. Johannson, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Zoology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Feather, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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21. Investigating new serological and tissue markers for the follow‐up of patients operated for alveolar echinococcosis

Author: Laurence Millon, Carine Richou, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Anja Lachenmayer, Coralie Barrera, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Guido Beldi, Inti Zlobec, Bruno Gottstein, Solange Bresson-Hadni, Junhua Wang, Celia Turco, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France, Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland, University of Bern [Bern, Switzerland] (University Hospital Bern ), Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Service d'Hépatologie [CHRU Besançon], Service de Chirurgie Digestive [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hépato-Bilio-pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute of Parasitology, and University of Bern
Subjects: PD-L1, 0301 basic medicine, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Microarray, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, serology, 610 Medicine & health, Alveolar echinococcosis, Em18, Echinococcus multilocularis, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Echinococcosis, Tissue markers, follow-up, medicine, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, CD-3, biology, Cluster of differentiation, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, Antigens, Helminth, Cohort, biology.protein, 570 Life sciences, Parasitology, microarray, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: AIMS Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is characterized by a chronically progressing hepatic injury caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Surgery presently remains the best curative option. Currently, biological predictive features derived from the resected specimens are not suitable to assess surgery efficacy. The present study was designed to investigate whether a selection of markers measured on the resected specimens exhibits predictive features related to parasite viability, or to a total elimination of the parasite, in addition to serological markers. METHODS AND RESULTS In a collaboration between two centers, one in France (Besancon), and one in Switzerland (Bern), samples from 40 AE patients were analyzed by microarray and serology techniques, individually. Paired serum samples before and after surgery were obtained for 26 patients. In the sera, a significant decrease of PD-L1 levels was observed after surgery, in addition to anti-Em18 levels. In the liver tissue, low levels of Cluster of Differentiation (CD)-3 were correlated with the absence of serum anti-Em18 after surgery. CONCLUSION This study showed PD-L1 is promising as a potential serological marker, and further confirmed the performance of anti-Em18 serology. Further studies on a larger cohort is needed to confirm the utility of performing systematically microarray on resected liver tissue.
Published: 2021
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22. New clinical algorithm including fungal biomarkers to better diagnose probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU

Author: Jean-Christophe Navellou, Stéphane Bretagne, Gaël Piton, Laurence Millon, Joffrey Hamam, Emeline Scherer, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Hadrien Winiszewski, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Libourne, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), None, Members of the Collaborative RESSIF group: Eric Bailly (CHU de Tours, Tours, France), Anne Isabelle Bertozi (CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France), Julie Bonhomme (CHU Caen, Caen, France), Bernard Bouteille (CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France), Cedric Bretonnière (CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France), Sophie Cassaing (CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France), Taieb Chouaki (CHU Amiens, Amiens, France), Olivier Cointault (CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France), Pierre Delobel (CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France), Odile Eloy (CH de Versailles, Versailles, France), Stanislas Faguer (CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France), Jerome Guinard (CH Orléans, Orléans, France), Thierry Lepoivre (CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France), Valerie Letscher-Bru (CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France), Bertrand Marcheix (CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France), Alida Minoza (CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France), Florent Morio (CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France), Celine Nourisson (CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France), André Paugam (CHU Cochin, Paris, France), Hélène Raberin (CHU St-Etienne, St Etienne, France), Beatrice Riu (CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France)., Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Aspergillosis, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Anesthesiology, Internal medicine, medicine, Aspergillus qPCR, Intensive care unit, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, education, skin and connective tissue diseases, Mycosis, Fungal biomarkers, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Research, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Cancer, lcsh:RC86-88.9, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, Clinical algorithm, 030228 respiratory system, Biomarker (medicine), Invasive aspergillosis, Galactomannan antigen, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, business
Abstract: Background The classification of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) issued by the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (EORTC/MSGERC) is used for immunocompromised patients. An alternative algorithm adapted to the intensive care unit (ICU) population has been proposed (AspICU), but this algorithm did not include microbial biomarkers such as the galactomannan antigen and the Aspergillus quantitative PCR. The objective of the present pilot study was to evaluate a new algorithm that includes fungal biomarkers (BM-AspICU) for the diagnosis of probable IPA in an ICU population. Patients and methods Data from 35 patients with pathology-proven IPA according to European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSGERC)-2008 criteria were extracted from the French multicenter database of the Invasive Fungal Infections Surveillance Network (RESSIF). The patients were investigated according to the AspICU algorithm, and the BM-AspICU algorithm in analyzing the clinical, imaging, and biomarker data available in the records, without taking into account the pathology findings. Results Eight patients had to be excluded because no imaging data were recorded in the database. Among the 27 proven IPAs with complete data, 16 would have been considered as putative IPA with the AspICU algorithm and 24 would have been considered as probable IPA using the new algorithm BM-AspICU. Seven out of the 8 patients with probable BM-AspICU IPA (and not classified with the AspICU algorithm) had no host factors and no Aspergillus-positive broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) culture. Three patients were non-classifiable with any of the two algorithms, because they did not have any microbial criteria during the course of the infection, and diagnosis of proven aspergillosis was done using autopsy samples. Conclusion Inclusion of biomarkers could be effective to identify probable IPA in the ICU population. A prospective study is needed to validate the routine application of the BM-AspICU algorithm in the ICU population.
Published: 2021
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23. Soluble programmed death‐1 (sPD‐1) as predictor of early surgical outcomes of paediatric cystic echinococcosis

Author: Abdellatif Nouri, Bruno Gottstein, Laurence Millon, Amine Ksia, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eya Ben Salah, Rabeb Farhani, Hamouda Babba, Sana Mosbahi, Wahiba Sakly, Coralie Barrera, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire [Monastir, Tunisie] (LP3M-LR12ES08), Département de Biologie Clinique B [Monastir, Tunisie], Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM)-Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Paediatric Surgery and LR12SP13, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, sPD-1, Gastroenterology, recP29, B7-H1 Antigen, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Secondary Prevention, follow-up, MESH: B7-H1 Antigen, Prospective Studies, Surgical treatment, Prospective cohort study, Child, MESH: Treatment Outcome, biology, MESH: Secondary Prevention, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, 3. Good health, cystic echinococcosis, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Female, Antibody, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Relapse rate, post-surgical outcome, sPD-L1, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, children, Echinococcosis, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, MESH: Adolescent, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, Cystic echinococcosis, Significant difference, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, MESH: Biomarkers, Parasitology, Programmed death 1, MESH: Female, Biomarkers
Abstract: Aims Following treatment, cystic echinococcosis (CE) exhibits a relatively high relapse rate. Here, we evaluated the value of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1), sPD-1 ligand (sPD-L1) and anti-recP29 antibody concentrations, as predictors of early surgical treatment outcome in young CE-affected patients. Methods and results This prospective study included 59 Tunisian children (177 plasmas ), where CE was surgically treated and monitored for 3 post-operative years. Based on CE post-surgical development, patients were clustered into a "No relapsed" CE (NRCE; n = 39) and a "Relapsed" CE (RCE; n = 20) group. Serum levels of sPD-1, sPD-L1 and anti-recP29 IgG were measured using ELISA. In the NRCE group, sPD-1, sPD-L1 and anti-recP29 IgG concentrations were significantly lower at D365 than at D30. By contrast, in the RCE group, no significant difference was observed between D0, D30 and D365.When considering individual variations, the probability to be "relapse-free" was 67% and 73% when anti-recP29 IgG and sPD-L1 level, respectively, decreased between D30 and D365. The probability to be "relapse-free" was 86% when the sPD-1 level decreased between D30 and D365 (p= 0.003; Chi-square test). Conclusion sPD-1 may be a useful biomaker for the early evaluation of surgical procedure efficacy in pediatric CE cases.
Published: 2021
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24. Author response for 'Innate and adaptive immune responses following PD‐L1 blockade in treating chronic murine alveolar echinococcosis'

Author: Reto Rufener, Bruno Gottstein, Denis Grandgirard, Laurence Millon, Michel Dosch, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Junhua Wang, Fadi Jebbawi, Britta Lunström-Stadelmann, Stephen L. Leib, Guido Beldi, and Christine Goepfert
Subjects: Immune system, biology, business.industry, PD-L1, Immunology, biology.protein, Medicine, Alveolar echinococcosis, business, Blockade
Published: 2021
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25. Diagnosis of toenail onychomycosis by an immunochromatographic dermatophytes test strip

Author: Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Thomas Lihoreau, François Aubin, Laurence Millon, Emeline Scherer, Adrien Mareschal, Service de dermatologie (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon (Inserm CIC 1431), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, MEDLINE, Dermatology, MESH: Onychomycosis, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Onychomycosis, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Arthrodermataceae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Foot Dermatoses, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, biology, business.industry, Arthrodermataceae, MESH: Foot Dermatoses, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Nails, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Test (assessment), Infectious Diseases, Nails, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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26. Author response for 'Investigating new serological and tissue markers for the follow‐up of patients operated for alveolar echinococcosis'

Author: Coralie Barrera, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Bruno Gottstein, Solange Bresson-Hadni, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Laurence Millon, Junhua Wang, Carine Richou, Inti Zlobec, Guido Beldi, Anja Lachenmayer, and Celia Turco
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Tissue markers, medicine, Alveolar echinococcosis, business, Serology
Published: 2021
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27. Mixed mold infection with Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus microsporus in a severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patient

Author: Jean-Christophe Navellou, Ana Berceanu, Laurence Millon, Anne-Sophie Brunel, Quentin Lepiller, Annie Brion, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Réanimation Médicale CHRU Besançon, Service de Virologie Besançon, Service d'hématologie, and service de maladies infectieuses CHU J Minjoz Besancon
Subjects: Rhizopus microsporus, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Infection mixte, Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Mucormycosis, Viral load, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Mold infection, COVID-19, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Charge virale, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Mixed mold-infection, Mucormycose, Aspergillose, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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28. Microsporidiosis after liver transplantation: A French nationwide retrospective study

Author: Jérôme, Dumortier, Sylvie, Radenne, Nassim, Kamar, Filomena, Conti, Armand, Abergel, Audrey, Coilly, Claire, Francoz, Pauline, Houssel-Debry, Claire, Vanlemmens, Noémie, Laverdure, Christophe, Duvoux, Xavier, Iriart, Marc, Thellier, Adela, Angoulvant, Nicolas, Argy, Brice, Autier, Anne-Pauline, Bellanger, Françoise, Botterel, Cyril, Garrouste, Meja, Rabodonirina, Philippe, Poirier, Perraud, Estelle, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses 94000 Créteil, France, Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030230 surgery, Liver transplantation, Microsporidiosis, Gastroenterology, Tacrolimus, Albendazole, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Fumagillin, Child, Dialysis, Retrospective Studies, Transplantation, liver transplantation, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Organ Transplantation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, microsporidiosis, Cyclosporine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, business, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Background: Microsporidiosis has been largely reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but emerged as a cause of persistent diarrhea in solid organ transplant patients.Methods: Through the French Microsporidiosis Network and the Groupe français de recherche en greffe de foie, we collected all microsporidiosis cases identified in liver transplant patients between 1995 and 2020 in France.Results: We identified 24 liver transplant recipients with microsporidiosis. Sex ratio was balanced and median age was 58.8 (3.5-83.5) years (there were 4 children). Microsporidiosis occurred at a median time of 3.9 (0.1-18.9) years post-transplant. Median duration of diarrhea before diagnosis was 22 days (12-45). Therapeutic care included immunosuppressive therapy changes in 20 patients, as follows: stop cyclosporine or tacrolimus (n = 2), dose reduction of cyclosporine or tacrolimus (n = 12), stop MMF (n = 5), and dose reduction of corticosteroids (n = 1). In addition, 15 patients received specific therapy against microsporidiosis: fumagillin (n = 11) or albendazole (n = 4). Median duration of treatment was 14 days (8-45 days). Finally, 7 patients had immunosuppressive treatment tapering only. Microsporidiosis was complicated by renal failure in 15 patients, requiring dialysis in one case. Two patients had infection relapse. No patient presented proven rejection within the 3 months after microsporidiosis. None of the patients died within the 3 months after microsporidiosis.Conclusions: Microsporidiosis is a very rare infection after liver transplantation but can induce severe dehydration and renal failure. Therefore, it must be systematically sought in any case of persistent diarrhea after first line screening of frequent infectious causes.
Published: 2021
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29. Author response for 'Soluble programmed death‐1 (sPD‐1) as predictor of early surgical outcomes of pediatric cystic echinococcosis'

Author: Bruno Gottstein, Amine Ksia, Coralie Barrera, Hamouda Babba, Laurence Millon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eya Ben Salah, Wahiba Sakly, Abdellatif Nouri, Rabeb Farhani, and Sana Mosbahi
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cystic echinococcosis, medicine, Programmed death 1, business
Published: 2020
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30. Epidemiological investigation for grouped cases of Trichosporon asahii using whole genome and IGS1 sequencing

Author: N. Brieu, B. Sendid, E. Sitterle, Frédéric Gabriel, I. Poilane, D. Moissenet, Christine Aznar, V. Blanc, N. Traversier, M. Sasso, N. Godineau, O. Eloy, Corinne Maufrais, Danièle Maubon, H. Rabérin, C. Lawrence, P. Mariani, P. Cahen, C. Bonnal, B. Bouteille, M. Cornet, F. Moriot, B. Heym, Elisabeth Chachaty, Dominique Toubas, M. Nicolas, Sophie Cassaing, A. Paugam, S. Picot, E. Moalic, Adela Angoulvant, Loïc Favennec, Françoise Dromer, M. Gari‐toussaint, Marc Pihet, Taieb Chouaki, Magalie Pierre Demar, Frédéric Grenouillet, N. Fauchet, L. Collet, Frédéric Dalle, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Céline Nourrisson, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, O. Faure, Françoise Botterel, C. Nabet, N. Bourgeois, E. Bailly, Dorothée Quinio, Alexandre Alanio, O. Mouquet, S. Brun, S. Bland, Julie Bonhomme, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Stéphane Ranque, Philippe Poirier, N. Desbois, Florence Persat, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, H. Piarroux, E. Forget, L. Lachaux, V. Bru, Laurence Millon, A. Minoza, C. Kauffman, L. Hasseine, Martine Wallon, A.L. Roux, D. Poisson, S. Bonacorsi, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Informatique pour la Biologie, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque, Partenaires INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale (TIMC-IMAG-TheREx ), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de parasitologie [Pointe-à-Pitre], CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Sud Saint Pierre [Ile de la Réunion], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Hôpital Huriez, CHU Limoges, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de parasitologie et mycologie médicale, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hôpital universitaire Bichat, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Curie [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Antifungal Agents, Adolescent, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Dermatology, Trichosporon asahii, Biology, Genome, DNA, Ribosomal, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Trichosporonosis, medicine, Humans, Child, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, Genotyping, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Genetics, Voriconazole, Whole genome sequencing, Whole Genome Sequencing, Basidiomycota, Haplotype, Infant, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, France, Genome, Fungal, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND Trichosporonosis is a rare invasive infection in humans mainly due to Trichosporon asahii, and especially recovered from patients having haematological malignancy. Since 2012, IGS1 region sequencing is used as a genotyping method to distinguish isolates, with high frequency of one haplotype worldwide and a geographic specificity for some haplotypes. OBJECTIVES We compared the IGS1 genotyping method and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to study the relationship between clinical isolates involved in two grouped cases in France. METHODS IGS1 sequencing and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed for 54 clinical isolates. Clinical data for 28 isolates included in surveillance programs were analysed. Whole genome was sequenced for 32 clinical isolates and the type strain. RESULTS All isolates were intrinsically resistant to flucytosine, while voriconazole had the most potent in vitro activity. The majority of the isolates was recovered from patients with haematological malignancies (42.86%), with a high proportion of children (
Published: 2020
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31. Echinococcus multilocularis vesicular fluid induces the expression of immune checkpoint proteins in vitro

Author: Jean-René Pallandre, Laurence Millon, Yann Godet, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Sandra Courquet, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Ficoll, Echinococcus multilocularis, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, B7-H1 Antigen, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, Th2 Cells, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigens, CD, Echinococcosis, PD-L1, medicine, Animals, Humans, CTLA-4 Antigen, Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Th1 Cells, biology.organism_classification, Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein, Immune checkpoint, 3. Good health, Killer Cells, Natural, 030104 developmental biology, CTLA-4, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, biology.protein, Cytokines, Parasitology
Abstract: AIMS Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe chronic helminthic infection that mimics a tumour-like disease. This study aimed at investigating in vitro interactions between Echinococcus multilocularis vesicular fluid (VF) and different immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM-3). METHODS AND RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy blood donors were isolated by Ficoll. Natural killer (NK) cells were selected. Each type of cell was stimulated individually with E. multilocularis-VF. Expression of the different immune checkpoints was measured by flow cytometry on day 3 and day 6; all supernatants were used for immunoassays. Cells and supernatants from 22 healthy donors were analysed. A significant increase of PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3 was observed upon E. multilocularis-VF exposure for NK cells on day 3 (P
Published: 2020
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32. Antifungal susceptibility testing practices in mycology laboratories in France, 2018

Author: E. Mazars, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Isabelle Accoceberry, Valérie Letscher-Bru, B. Bouteille, O. Augereau, V. Risco-Castillo, Sophie Brun, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Arnaud Fekkar, Jacques Guillot, E. Bailly, André Paugam, Y. Le Govic, R.-A. Lavergne, Taieb Chouaki, C. Angebault, Emilie Frealle, Damien Costa, Adela Angoulvant, J. Dorin, Florence Persat, P. Bourdeau, Eric Dannaoui, Céline Nourrisson, Julie Bonhomme, S. Larréché, K. Brunet, Françoise Foulet, L. Hasseine, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Y. Senghor, Stéphane Ranque, A.-M. Camin-Ravenne, Marie Machouart, Juliette Guitard, N. Desbois, F. Bert, Françoise Botterel, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Laurence Lachaud, S. Le Gal, Sophie Cassaing, Milène Sasso, Marc Sautour, Boualem Sendid, A. Fiacre, Antoine Huguenin, C. Bonnal, M. Cornet, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital universitaire Bichat, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Hôpital Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques - Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity (BPF), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), CHU Limoges, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre [Tarbes], Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU LIlle], Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Ecologie du parasitisme - EA 3609 (ECOPA), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Service de Santé des Armées, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CHU Valenciennes, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation - U 1286 (INFINITE (Ex-Liric)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), We are very grateful to Dominique Toubas for all the help she provided for the preparation and smooth running of our meeting. We also thank all our colleagues who participate to the meeting and discuss the results of the present survey., Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Research Group Dynamyc , EA 7380, EnvA (DynamYc), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est (UPE), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Centre Hospitalier de Bigorre (Tarbes), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP*, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France, EA3609, Laboratoire ECOPA, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity / Recherche Translationnelle et Innovation en Médecine et Complexité - UMR 5525 (TIMC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
Subjects: Antifungal, Quality Control, medicine.medical_specialty, Susceptibility testing, Laboratory Proficiency Testing, Antifungal Agents, medicine.drug_class, Laboratory practice, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycology, History, 21st Century, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Drug Resistance, Fungal, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Antifungal susceptibility testing, Etest, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 030306 microbiology, Professional Practice, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Mic values, MIC value interpretation, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, France, Laboratories
Abstract: International audience; A survey of mycology laboratories for antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was undertaken in France in 2018, to better understand the difference in practices between the participating centers and to identify the difficulties they may encounter as well as eventual gaps with published standards and guidelines. The survey captured information from 45 mycology laboratories in France on how they perform AFST (number of strains tested, preferred method, technical and quality aspects, interpretation of the MIC values, reading and interpretation difficulties). Results indicated that 86% of respondents used Etest as AFST method, with a combination of one to seven antifungal agents tested. Most of the participating laboratories used similar technical parameters to perform their AFST method and a large majority used, as recommended, internal and external quality assessments. Almost all the participating mycology laboratories (98%) reported difficulties to interpret the MIC values, especially when no clinical breakpoints are available. The survey highlighted that the current AFST practices in France need homogenization, particularly for MIC reading and interpretation.
Published: 2020
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33. Acute disseminated candidiasis due to Candida tropicalis with skin and muscular lesions in a patient with Tcell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL)

Author: Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Tony Labaigt, Anne-Sophie Brunel, Emeline Scherer, Frédéric Grenouillet, and Ana Berceanu
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Published: 2022
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34. Knowledge and vaccination practices among family physicians in northeastern France regarding tick-borne encephalitis virus

Author: Quentin Lepiller, Philippe Marguet, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Laurence Millon, Marie Dollat, Catherine Chirouze, urgences pontarlier, centre hospitalier de Pontarlier, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), service de maladies infectieuses CHU J Minjoz Besancon, Service de Virologie Besançon, Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Computer-assisted web interviewing, Tick, Microbiology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Practices, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tick-borne encephalitis, Epidemiology, medicine, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Response rate (survey), biology, Immunization Programs, Vaccination, Physicians, Family, family physicians, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Knowledge, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, Family medicine, Parasitology, Observational study, Clinical Competence, France, Rural area, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne
Abstract: International audience; Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases have been emerging in Europe. The Franche-Comte area, in northeastern France, borders Switzerland, but the two countries differ in their approach to TBE surveillance and prevention. Because family physicians (FPs) are in direct contact with the local population, at-risk of infected tick bites, they need to be well aware of TBE epidemiology and management. An observational survey was performed in 2019 in order to investigate Franche-Comte physicians' knowledge and vaccination practices with regard to TBE. Standardized online questionnaires were sent to a list of FPs practicing in Franche-Comte. The questionnaires included socio-demographic details, questions about TBE knowledge, symptomatology and vaccination. The response rate was 14.7%. FPs practicing in rural areas reported a significantly higher frequency of consultations for tick bites. While 81% of FPs indicated that they had some knowledge about TBE, only 20% were at ease with its clinical symptomatology. Thirty-one % of the FP participants performed TBE vaccinations. A general lack of knowledge about TBE and its clinical symptoms was observed in this survey. FPs play an essential role in screening and preventing TBE, especially those practicing in rural areas and in areas bordering Switzerland.
Published: 2021
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35. Paecilomyces variotii Fungemia in a Patient with Lymphoma Needing Liver Transplant

Author: D. Weil-Verhoeven, Frédéric Grenouillet, E. Deconinck, Jean-François Faucher, J. P. Cervoni, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Marc Ginet, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service d'Hépatologie [CHRU Besançon], services de maladies infectieuses, CHU J Minjoz, Besançon, Ministère de la santé, Service d'anesthésie et réanimation chirurgicale [CHRU de Besançon], and Service d'Hématologie [CHRU Besançon]
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Antifungal Agents, Lymphoma, MESH: Paecilomyces, Anidulafungin, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Echinocandins, Medical microbiology, Fungemia, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Mold, medicine.drug, MESH: Liver Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030106 microbiology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Paecilomyces sp, Paecilomyces variotii, MESH: Fungemia, Amphotericin B, MESH: Amphotericin B, medicine, Hepatic Insufficiency, Humans, Antifungal treatment, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Echinocandins, MESH: Hepatic Insufficiency, MESH: Antifungal Agents, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Liver Transplantation, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Lymphoma, Paecilomyces, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Paecilomyces sp. are emerging pathogens in immunocompromised patients. We report here a case of Paecilomyces variotii fungemia, cured with amphotericin and anidulafungin, illustrating difficulties of early diagnosis and therapeutic choice in such rare fungal infection.
Published: 2017
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36. Invasive aspergillosis due to Aspergillus section Usti: a multicenter retrospective study

Author: Eléna Charpentier, Frédéric Gabriel, Frédéric Lamoth, Maria Aigner, Emmanouil Glampedakis, Michela Paolucci, Felix Bongomin, Malcolm Richardson, C. Bonnal, Russel Edward Lewis, Arnaud Fekkar, Christophe Hennequin, Stéphane Bretagne, Patrice Le Pape, Arnaud Riat, Reinhard Zbinden, Veronique Erard, Pierre-Yves Bochud, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Olga V Shadrivova, Sophie Brun, Nina Khanna, Dionysios Neofytos, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eric Dannaoui, Florent Morio, Peter W Schreiber, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Alix T. Coste, Nikolai Klimko, Sophie Cassaing, Glampedakis E., Cassaing S., Fekkar A., Dannaoui E., Bougnoux M.-E., Bretagne S., Neofytos D., Schreiber P.W., Hennequin C., Morio F., Shadrivova O., Bongomin F., Fernandez-Ruiz M., Bellanger A.P., Arikan-Akdagli S., Erard V., Aigner M., Paolucci M., Khanna N., Charpentier E., Bonnal C., Brun S., Gabriel F., Riat A., Zbinden R., Le Pape P., Klimko N., Lewis R.E., Richardson M., Inkaya A.C., Coste A.T., Bochud P.-Y., Lamoth F., Hôpital Lausanne, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Hop Univ Geneve, Serv Malad Infect, Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology [Zurich], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Saint-Petersburg, University of Manchester [Manchester], Unit Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ankara University School of Medicine [Turkey], University of Fribourg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Department of Hematology and Oncology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', St. Orsola University Hospital, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Service de Parasitologie Mycologie[Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôpitaux Universitaire de Genève, Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicale [CHU Nantes], Radiopharmaceutiques biocliniques (LRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Faculty of Medicine [Hacettepe University], Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillosi, Aspergillus puniceus, 030106 microbiology, Aspergillus calidoustus, Aspergillus pseudodeflectus, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Aspergillus ustus, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, Amphotericin B, medicine, Antifungal Agent, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Voriconazole, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, ddc:616, business.industry, Mortality rate, Retrospective cohort study, Aspergillus insuetus, medicine.disease, Aspergillu, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, business, Invasive Fungal Infections, medicine.drug, Human
Abstract: Background Aspergillus spp. of section Usti (A. ustus) represent a rare cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA). This multicenter study describes the epidemiology and outcome of A. ustus infections. Methods Patients with A. ustus isolated from any clinical specimen were retrospectively identified in 22 hospitals from 8 countries. When available, isolates were sent for species identification (BenA/CaM sequencing) and antifungal susceptibility testing. Additional cases were identified by review of the literature. Cases were classified as proven/probable IA or no infection, according to standard international criteria. Results Clinical report forms were obtained for 90 patients, of whom 27 had proven/probable IA. An additional 45 cases were identified from literature review for a total of 72 cases of proven/probable IA. Hematopoietic cell and solid-organ transplant recipients accounted for 47% and 33% cases, respectively. Only 8% patients were neutropenic at time of diagnosis. Ongoing antimold prophylaxis was present in 47% of cases. Pulmonary IA represented 67% of cases. Primary or secondary extrapulmonary sites of infection were observed in 46% of cases, with skin being affected in 28% of cases. Multiple antifungal drugs were used (consecutively or in combination) in 67% of cases. The 24-week mortality rate was 58%. A. calidoustus was the most frequent causal agent. Minimal inhibitory concentrations encompassing 90% isolates (MIC90) were 1, 8, >16, and 4 µg/mL for amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, respectively. Conclusions Aspergillus ustus IA mainly occurred in nonneutropenic transplant patients and was frequently associated with extrapulmonary sites of infection. Mortality rate was high and optimal antifungal therapy remains to be defined.
Published: 2019
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37. Pneumocystis Infection Outbreaks in Organ Transplantation Units in France: A Nation-Wide Survey

Author: M. Leterrier, Anne Totet, Céline Damiani, Danièle Maubon, Solène Le Gal, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Bonhomme, Pierre Marty, E. Bailly, Ermanno Candolfi, Anne Debourgogne, Laurence Millon, Frédéric Dalle, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Patrice Le Pape, Denis Pons, Christelle Pomares, Yann Le Meur, Marie Machouard, Marie-Laure Dardé, Laurence Delhaes, Ahmed Abou Bacar, Dominique Toubas, Frédéric Gabriel, Estelle Cateau, Gilles Nevez, Loïc Favennec, Marie-Hélène Rodier, Xavier Iriart, Eric Dannaoui, Laurence Lachaud, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Pierre Flori, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie (Parasito - Myco - BREST), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Brest - Service de Nephrologie (CHU - BREST - Nephrologie), Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, UMR-I 01 - AMIENS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Institut d'Histoire de la Pensée Classique (IHPC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHD de la Roche-Sur-Yon), CHD Vendee (La Roche Sur Yon), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de néphrologie, Sagem - SAFRAN Gr., Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Service de parasitologie et de mycologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales [CHU Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques - UMR INERIS_I 1 (PERITOX), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Histoire des Représentations et des Idées dans les Modernités (IHRIM), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Pneumocystis carinii, Organ transplantation, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, genotypes, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Pneumocystis jirovecii, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Genotyping, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Retrospective Studies, Transplant recipients, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Outbreak, Organ Transplantation, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Transplantation, Infectious Diseases, Renal transplant, France, business, Pneumocystis Infections
Abstract: The burden of nosocomial Pneumocystis infections in transplantation units in France was evaluated through a retrospective survey. Over 12 years, 16 outbreaks occurred, including 13 among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We performed Pneumocystis jirovecii genotyping in 5 outbreaks, which suggested that specific strains may have been selected by RTRs.
Published: 2019
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38. Positive quantitative PCR detecting Fusarium solani in a case of mixed invasive fungal disease due to Mucorales and Fusarium solani

Author: Emeline Scherer, Ana Berceanu, Fabrice Larosa, Steffi Rocchi, Laurence Millon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service d'hématologie, Service d'Hématologie Clinique (CHU de Dijon), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)
Subjects: Mucorales, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, medicine.medical_treatment, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fusarium, medicine, Humans, Blood culture, 030212 general & internal medicine, Retrospective Studies, Voriconazole, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, Transplantation, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Mucormycosis, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, business, Fusarium solani, Invasive Fungal Infections, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; We present a case of invasive fungal co-infection in a young patient treated for an acute myeloid leukemia and having undergone a twice-haploid matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with two different donors. A mucormycosis diagnosis was made shortly after the patient's admission using imagery and specific Mucorales qPCR which was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole. Twenty days later, a blood culture was positive for Fusarium solani, and disseminated cutaneous lesions appeared. The antifungal treatment was changed to liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole. Thanks to a complete hematological reconstitution and despite a co-infection with two aggressive filamentous opportunistic fungi, the patient recovered. We took advantage of this clinical case to test a specific Fusarium solani qPCR, which proved to be promising when performed retrospectively on some of the patient samples.
Published: 2019
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39. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a cystic fibrosis patient

Author: Laurence Millon, S Pramil, Emeline Scherer, S Dominique, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Gabriel Reboux, and H. Morisse-Pradier
Subjects: Adult, Male, Inflammatory lung disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Industrial Oils, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Cystic fibrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Occupational Exposure, medicine, Humans, Antigens, Bacterial, 0303 health sciences, Inhalation, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Occupational Diseases, 030228 respiratory system, Metallurgy, Immunology, Mycobacterium immunogenum, France, business, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic, Mycobacterium
Abstract: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease caused by repeated inhalation of antigenic substances. We present a case of metalworking fluids (MWFs)-HP sensitized to Pseudomonas oleovorans in a cystic fibrosis patient. This case illustrates that HP diagnosis remains challenging, especially in patients with another pulmonary disease, and that serodiagnosis contributes to identifying the precise microorganism involved. It also demonstrates that P. oleovorans is an important secondary aetiological agent in MWF-HP, less known than Mycobacterium immunogenum.
Published: 2019
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40. Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus: A global phenomenon originating in the environment?

Author: Gabriel Reboux, Audrey Jeanvoine, Steffi Rocchi, Laurence Millon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: Azoles, Antifungal Agents, Genotype, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Gene mutation, Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Fungal, medicine, Humans, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Voriconazole, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Point mutation, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Azole, Efflux, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant etiological agent of invasive aspergillosis (IA), a difficult-to-manage fungal disease associated with a high case fatality rate. Azole antifungals, particularly voriconazole, have significantly improved the survival rate of patients with IA. However, the clinical advances made possible through the use of medical azoles could be threatened by the emergence of azole-resistant strains which has been reported in an ever-increasing number of countries over the last 10 years. The major resistance mechanism, that combines point mutation(s) in the coding sequence of cyp51A gene and an insertion of a tandem repeat in the promoter region of this gene which leads to its overexpression (TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A), is presumed to be of environmental origin. However, the emergence of clinical and environmental azole-resistant strains without the cyp51A gene mutation suggests that other mechanisms could also be responsible for azole resistance (for example, overexpression of efflux pumps). The development of resistance may be linked to either long-term use of azole antifungals in patients with chronic aspergillosis (patient-acquired route) or selection pressure of the fungicides in the environment (environmental route). The fungicide-driven route could be responsible for resistance in azole-naive patients with IA. This literature review aims to summarize recent findings, focusing on the current situation of azole-resistance in A. fumigatus, and provides better understanding of the importance of the environmental route in resistance acquisition.
Published: 2019
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41. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A new strategy for serodiagnosis and environmental surveys

Author: Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Laurence Millon, Steffi Rocchi, Gabriel Reboux, Coralie Barrera, Adeline Rouzet, Emeline Scherer, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Bird fancier, Recombinant antigen, Bronchial Provocation Tests, 03 medical and health sciences, Specific inhalation challenge, 0302 clinical medicine, Bird Fancier's Lung, Antigen, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Medicine, Serologic Tests, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupational activity, Antigens, Etiologic agents, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Serodiagnosis, Lung, business.industry, Environmental survey, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Radiography, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Immunology, business, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic
Abstract: International audience; We propose a strategy for serodiagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP): 1) question patients about their private or occupational activity, or visit him on site; 2) select panels of six somatic specific antigens appropriate for each type of exposure; 3) and use ELISA to test concomitantly two recombinant antigens highly specific to Farmer's lung, Metalworking-fluid HP, and for Bird fancier's lung. The serodiagnosis provides an immunological argument that may complete radiological, functional lung exploration and clinical features; 4) If the serodiagnosis is negative but the suspicion of HP is strong, a microbial analysis of the patient's specific exposure is conducted; 5) "A la carte" antigens are produced from the microorganisms isolated in the patient's environment sample and tested; 6) Finally, the patient may be asked to undergo a specific inhalation challenge with the offending antigens in a safety cabin, or to avoid his usual environment for a few days.
Published: 2019
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42. Phylogenetic inference of Echinococcus multilocularis by whole mitochondrial sequencing.

Author: Lallemand, Severine, Oyhenart, Jorge, Valot, Benoit, Borne, Romain, Bohard, Louis, Umhang, Gerald, Karamon, Jacek, Konyaev, Sergey, Ronnberg, Caroline, Gottstein, Bruno, Weil-Verhoeven, Delphine, Richou, Carine, Bresson-Hadni, Solange, Millon, Laurence, Clerget, Anne Pauline Bellanger, and Knapp, Jenny
Published: 2024

43. Rapid identification of Candida sp. by MALDI ‐ TOF mass spectrometry subsequent to short‐term incubation on a solid medium

Author: Emeline Scherer, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Laurence Millon, Eleni Liapis, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), and Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon]
Subjects: Microbiological Techniques, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mass spectrometry, Models, Biological, short-term incubation, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Incubation period, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, MALDI-TOF MS, Incubation, Fungemia, Candida, chromogenic Candida medium, Chromatography, biology, Chromogenic, Chemistry, Candidemia, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Yeast, Culture Media, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Blood, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Bacteria
Abstract: International audience; Rapid identification of Candida species is important for appropriate antifungal therapy of fungemia. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system is a useful tool to identify bacteria and yeasts. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of identifying yeasts after a short-term incubation on a solid medium. We tested 24 strains of eight Candida species. Blood culture bottles were spiked with a calibrated suspension of each Candida strain. Three different culture media, two types of blood culture bottles and three different incubation time points were tested. A multivariable random-effects logistic regression analysis was performed for determining factors independently associated with a successful MALDI-TOF MS identification. One-hundred and thirty-one out of 432 MALDI-TOF MS analyses (30%) exhibited a score ≥ 1.7. The performance of the technique varied across Candida species. Factors associated with a successful identification were the use of a chromogenic Candida medium and the time points 4 and 5 h. Using the factors 'chromogenic Candida medium' and time point 5 h the global performance of identification reached 60% and a mean MALDI-TOF score of 1.78. Identifying yeasts after a short-term incubation on a solid medium seems possible, especially when using a chromogenic Candida medium and respecting at least 5 h of incubation. This assay was a first step and needs to be completed using more strains, various chromogenic Candida medium and maybe also testing a longer culture time such as 6 h.
Published: 2019
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44. Immunotherapy of alveolar echinococcosis via PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in mice

Author: Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Fadi Jebbawi, Guido Beldi, Junhua Wang, Bruno Gottstein, Laurence Millon, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Inselspital Bern, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, PD-L1, anti-PD-L1, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, 610 Medicine & health, Echinococcus multilocularis, Lymphocyte Activation, Parasite load, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, B7-H1 Antigen, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, anti‐PD‐L1, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Echinococcosis, PD-1, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, biology, 630 Agriculture, PD‐1, Immunotherapy, Original Articles, Th1 Cells, biology.organism_classification, Immune checkpoint, 3. Good health, Blockade, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Metacestode, 030104 developmental biology, PD‐L1, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, 570 Life sciences, Parasitology, Female, Original Article, immunotherapy
Abstract: International audience; The growth potential of the tumour-like Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode (causing alveolar echinococcosis, AE) is directly dependent upon the nature/function of the periparasitic adaptive host immune-mediated processes. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway (programmed cell death 1), which inhibits lymphocytic proliferation in tumour development, is over-expressed at the chronic stage of AE. We tested the impact of a PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade on the outcome of both chronic AE (intraperitoneal metacestode inoculation, secondary AE and SAE) and acute AE (peroral egg infection, primary AE and PAE). To assess the parasite proliferation potential, we measured parasite mass weight for SAE and liver lesion number for PAE. In both models, the parasite load was significantly decreased in response to anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment. In SAE, anti-PDL1 administration was associated with increased Th1 response parameters and decreased Treg responses, while in PAE anti-PDL1 administration was associated with fewer lesions in the liver and decreased Treg/Th2 responses. Our findings highly suggested that a PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade triggered the host immune responses in favour of an immune-mediated control of E. multilocularis proliferation. Based on this, future studies that combine PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with a parasitostatic albendazole medication may yield in a putatively curative therapeutic approach to control alveolar echinococcosis.
Published: 2018
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45. Microbial exposure to dairy farmers’ dwellings and COPD occurrence

Author: Bruno Degano, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Thibaud Soumagne, Gabriel Reboux, Jean-Jacques Laplante, Steffi Rocchi, Coralie Barrera, Lucie Laurent, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Laurence Millon, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service de Physiologie et Exploration fonctionnelle [CHRU Besançon], Service de Pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et allergologie respiratoire [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Mutualité sociale agricole de Franche-Comté, and Mutualité sociale agricole
Subjects: Male, Veterinary medicine, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Lichtheimia corymbifera, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, Risk Factors, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, 030212 general & internal medicine, microorganisms, Sensitization, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, COPD, biology, food and beverages, Dust, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Pollution, 3. Good health, medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient, Dairying, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, France, IgG (Immunoglobulin G), Adult, IgE (Immunoglobulin E), dwellings, Population, farmers, Wallemia sebi, 03 medical and health sciences, Occupational Exposure, medicine, Animals, Humans, Risk factor, education, Dairy farming, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aged, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Bacteria, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Fungi, Immunoglobulin E, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Immunoglobulin G, Housing, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), business
Abstract: International audience; Dairy farming is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim was to determine predictive markers either in blood samples or in dwelling dust samples by comparing COPD and healthy controls with or without farming activity. Dust was collected and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. ELISA and DELFIA® were performed to assay the level of specific IgG and IgE of 10 targeted microorganisms. The dwelling exposure of farmers was higher than in the non-farmers (Especially Eurotium amstelodami and Lichtheimia corymbifera). The IgG response against Wallemia sebi and Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula was more often higher in the farmers than the non-farmers. However, exposure and sensitization to the microorganisms tested cannot explain the occurrence of COPD in the dairy farmers' population. COPD development is probably caused by multiple factors associated with exposure over a period of several years.
Published: 2018
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46. Local retrospective analysis of galactomannan cut-off values in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis

Author: Emeline Scherer, Natacha Tatoyan, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Laurence Millon, Ana Berceanu, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service d'hématologie, and Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Aspergillosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, Gastroenterology, Mannans, Immunocompromised Host, 03 medical and health sciences, Galactomannan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Retrospective analysis, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Hematology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Significant difference, Galactose, Reproducibility of Results, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Galactomannan Antigen, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, Aspergillus, Bronchoalveolar lavage, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, business, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Galactomannan antigen (GM) testing has been used for decades to screen immunocompromised patients for invasive aspergillosis (IA). Recent publications suggested that using a higher cut-off value than 0.5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) could be more discriminant for hematology patients. We retrospectively analyzed the values of GM in BALF over 7 years (from 2010 to 2016). Performance indicators of the GM in BALF, according to three different cut-off values (0.5, 0.8, 1.5), were calculated using Stata 14.1. IA classification for hematology patients was based on European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria, as defined in 2008. A number of 716 GM were performed on BALF from 2010 to 2016 (597 patients) and 66 were positive (> 0.5). Among these 597 patients, 27 IA were diagnosed, 13 with a positive GM in BALF, 9 with a negative GM in BALF, and 5 unclassified IA (ICU patients). The analysis of performance indicators, based on our local data, did not demonstrate any significant difference using a higher cut-off value of GM in BALF. This result may be explained by the local recruitment of patients and by pre-analytic variations during BALF realization.
Published: 2018
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47. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Author: Damien Costa, Romy Razakandrainibe, Marc Sautour, Stéphane Valot, Louise Basmaciyan, Gilles Gargala, Denis Lemeteil, Loïc Favennec, Frédéric Dalle, Anne Debourgogne, Adela Angoulvant, Patrice Agnamey, Julie bonhomme, Brigitte Degeilh, Cathy Chemla, Cécile Garnaud, Coralie Lollivier, Cécile angebault, Pascal Delaunay, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Emilie Fréalle, Frédéric Grenouillet, Florent Morio, Françoise Botterel, Ghania Belkadi, Hélène Yera, Gilles Nevez, Xavier Iriart, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Brunet, Marc Thellier, Meja Rabodonirina, Milene Sasso, Charline Miossec, Murielle Nicolas, Nicole Desbois, Philippe Poirier, Christelle Pomares, Sandrine Houze, Yohann Le govic, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Franck Labbe, Marie Laure Darde, Olivier Duquesnoy, Pierre Flori, Patrick Bastien, Thomas Gueudet, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Estelle Cateau, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Nathalie Kapel, Eric Dannaoui, Alexis Valentin, Anne Totet, Jean Menotti, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Emmanuel Dutoit, Renaud Piarroux, Emilie Sitterle, Denis Magne, Samsa Hamane, Antoine Berry, Cecile Ramade, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Sérologies Bactériennes et Parasitaires [CHU de la Martinique], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique - CHU Martinique, Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France, CHU Fort de France, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de réanimation médicale, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Région Haute Normandie, Projet COS Sesa, 2015-2018, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Child, Immunodeficiency, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Mortality rate, Cryptosporidium, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Cryptosporidium parvum, Child, Preschool, Protozoan, Cyclosporine, Female, Immunotherapy, France, medicine.symptom, Cryptosporidium hominis, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Context (language use), Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immunocompromised, Aged, Immunosuppression Therapy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.
Published: 2018
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48. Development of a quantitative PCR detecting Cunninghamella bertholletiae to help in diagnosing this rare and aggressive mucormycosis

Author: Laurence Millon, Ana Berceanu, Eric Deconinck, Benoît Valot, Emeline Scherer, Nicolas Belin, Jean Fontan, Adrien Chauchet, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Steffi Rocchi, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -hopital Jean Minjoz, Service de réanimation médicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), and Service de Réanimation médicale [CHRU Besançon]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Posaconazole, medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 030106 microbiology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, 0302 clinical medicine, Fatal Outcome, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Lung, Cunninghamella, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Transplantation, Hematology, biology, business.industry, Aplasia, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, 3. Good health, Leukemia, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Mucormycosis is an invasive mold infection, frequently fatal in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia admitted to the hematology unit for febrile aplasia. Pulmonary lesions suggesting a fungal infection expanded/increased despite a combination of posaconazole and liposomal amphotericin B. The fungal biomarkers performed repeatedly were negative. At D65 after chemotherapy a bronchial biopsy was positive for Cunninghamella bertholletiae. The patient died despite appropriate antifungal management. A qPCR targeting Cunninghamella was developed a posteriori, and a retrospective analysis showed that a sample was positive more than 30 days before culture-based identification could be made.
Published: 2018
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49. Invasive Fungal Disease, Isavuconazole Treatment Failure, and Death in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Author: Steffi Rocchi, Laurence Millon, Etienne Daguindau, Yohan Desbrosses, Ana Berceanu, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Emeline Scherer, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), and Service d'hématologie
Subjects: Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Drug resistance, Aspergillosis, mucormycosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, 0302 clinical medicine, graft-versus-host disease, aspergillosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Rhizomucor, skin and connective tissue diseases, fungal co-infection, biology, Myeloid leukemia, 3. Good health, qPCR, Infectious Diseases, Invasive Fungal Disease, Isavuconazole Treatment Failure, and Death in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients, immunocompromised patients, France, CT, Microbiology (medical), Mucorales, 030231 tropical medicine, acute myeloid leukemia, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, death, Research Letter, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, business.industry, isavuconazole, lcsh:R, Mucormycosis, computed tomography, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, invasive fungal disease, Graft-versus-host disease, quantitative PCR, Immunology, galactomannan antigen, fungi, business
Abstract: International audience; We present 2 fatal cases of invasive fungal disease with isavuconazole treatment failure in immunocompromised patients: one with a TR34-L98H azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolate and the other a Rhizomucor-A. fumigatus co-infection. Such patients probably require surveillance by galactomannan antigen detection and quantitative PCRs for A. fumigatus and Mucorales fungi.
Published: 2019
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50. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) Detection of Mucorales DNA in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid To Diagnose Pulmonary Mucormycosis

Author: Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Emeline Scherer, Eléna Charpentier, M. Cornet, Juliette Guitard, Ana Berceanu, Sophie Cassaing, Damien Dupont, Laurence Millon, Françoise Botterel, Frédéric Gabriel, Xavier Iriart, Steffi Rocchi, and Sarah Guenounou
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Fusariosis, Mucorales, Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Mycology, Aspergillosis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Lung, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Pneumonia, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Bronchoalveolar lavage, medicine.anatomical_structure, Early Diagnosis, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Female, France, business, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Invasive Fungal Infections
Abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improving the outcome of mucormycosis. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the contribution of quantitative PCR detection of Mucorales DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for early diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples (n = 450) from 374 patients with pneumonia and immunosuppressive conditions were analyzed using a combination of 3 quantitative PCR assays targeting the main genera involved in mucormycosis in France (Rhizomucor, Mucor/Rhizopus, and Lichtheimia). Among these 374 patients, 24 patients had at least one bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample with a positive PCR; 23/24 patients had radiological criteria for invasive fungal infections according to consensual criteria; 10 patients had probable or proven mucormycosis, and 13 additional patients had other invasive fungal infections (4 probable aspergillosis, 1 proven fusariosis, and 8 possible invasive fungal infections). Only 2/24 patients with a positive PCR result on a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample had a positive Mucorales culture. PCR was also positive on serum in 17/24 patients. In most cases, a positive PCR result was first detected using sera (15/17). However, a positive PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was the earliest and/or the only biological test revealing mucormycosis in 4 patients with a final diagnosis of probable or proven mucormycosis, 3 patients with probable aspergillosis, and one patient with a possible invasive fungal infection. Mucorales PCR performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid could provide additional support for earlier administration of Mucorales-directed antifungal therapy, thus improving the outcome of lung mucormycosis cases.
Published: 2018

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