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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel In der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention werden vermehrt digitale Anwendungen – vor allem zur Verhaltensänderung – angewandt und erforscht. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Einsatzmöglichkeiten digitaler Anwendungen im Rahmen verhältnisorientierter Interventionen in Settings. Methodik Es handelt sich um eine ergänzende Analyse der Ergebnisse eines Scoping Reviews. In acht wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken wurde zu digitaler verhältnisorientierter Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung in Settings von 2010–2020 recherchiert. Ergebnisse Es wurden 34 Artikel eingeschlossen. Digitale Anwendungen wurden bisher nur marginal zur Strukturveränderung in Settings eingesetzt. Sie dienen als Tools zum Projektmanagement, zur Vernetzung, Problemidentifikation, Konsensfindung oder als Beteiligungsverfahren. Dabei wird auf partizipative Methoden und Projekte sowie Instrumente wie Labeling, Placement, Prompting, Incentives, Nudges und politische Strategien zurückgegriffen. Schlussfolgerung Es bedarf weiterer Evidenz wie digitale Anwendungen zur Veränderung von Strukturen für gesundheitsfördernde Settings eingesetzt werden können. Gesundheitswissenschaftliche oder soziologische Methoden und Theorien können dabei eine tragende Rolle spielen. Von hoher Relevanz sind die interdisziplinäre und partizipative Entwicklung sowie Implementierung von gesundheitsfördernden Technologien.

Brown and Isaacs’ World Café is a participatory research method to make connections to the ideas of others. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the corresponding contact restrictions, only digital hostings of World Cafés were possible. This article aims to present and reflect on the potentials and challenges of hosting online World Cafés and to derive recommendations for other researchers. Via Zoom and Conceptboard, three online World Cafés were conducted in August 2021. In the World Cafés, the main focus was on the increasing digitization in settings in the context of health promotion and prevention from the perspective of setting members of educational institutions, leisure clubs, and communities. Between 9 and 13 participants participated in three World Cafés. Hosting comprises the phases of design and preparation, realisation, and evaluation. Generally, hosting an online World Café is a suitable method for participatory engagement, but particular challenges have to be overcome. Overall café hosts must create an equal participation environment by ensuring the availability of digital devices and stable internet access. The event schedule must react flexibly to technical disruptions and varying participation numbers. Further, compensatory measures such as support in the form of technical training must be implemented before the event. Finally, due to the higher complexity of digitalisation, roles of participants and staff need to be distributed and coordinated.

In health promotion and prevention, digital applications, especially for behavioral changes, are being increasingly researched and applied. The aim of this study was to investigate possible uses of digital applications in the context of structurally oriented interventions in these settings.This is a supplementary analysis of the results of a scoping review. Eight scientific databases were searched for digital structural primary prevention and health promotion in settings from 2010-2020.A total of 34 articles were included. Digital applications were found to be used only marginally for structural change in health promoting settings. They served as tools for project management, networking, problem identification, consensus building or participation. Participatory methods and projects were used, as well as tools such as labeling, placement, prompting, incentives, nudges, and political strategies.More evidence is needed on how digital applications can be used to change structures in health promoting settings. Public health or sociological methods and theories can play a supporting role. The interdisciplinary and participatory development and implementation of health promoting technologies is of high relevance.In der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention werden vermehrt digitale Anwendungen – vor allem zur Verhaltensänderung – angewandt und erforscht. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Einsatzmöglichkeiten digitaler Anwendungen im Rahmen verhältnisorientierter Interventionen in Settings.Es handelt sich um eine ergänzende Analyse der Ergebnisse eines Scoping Reviews. In acht wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken wurde zu digitaler verhältnisorientierter Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung in Settings von 2010–2020 recherchiert.Es wurden 34 Artikel eingeschlossen. Digitale Anwendungen wurden bisher nur marginal zur Strukturveränderung in Settings eingesetzt. Sie dienen als Tools zum Projektmanagement, zur Vernetzung, Problemidentifikation, Konsensfindung oder als Beteiligungsverfahren. Dabei wird auf partizipative Methoden und Projekte sowie Instrumente wie Labeling, Placement, Prompting, Incentives, Nudges und politische Strategien zurückgegriffen.Es bedarf weiterer Evidenz wie digitale Anwendungen zur Veränderung von Strukturen für gesundheitsfördernde Settings eingesetzt werden können. Gesundheitswissenschaftliche oder soziologische Methoden und Theorien können dabei eine tragende Rolle spielen. Von hoher Relevanz sind die interdisziplinäre und partizipative Entwicklung sowie Implementierung von gesundheitsfördernden Technologien.

Background: New technologies can support family caregivers in the home care of people with dementia but are unknown to many. To reduce the information deficit, the information needed by caregivers must be determined. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the information needs of family caregivers regarding new technologies for dementia care at home, taking into account experiences in past research and future information needs. Methods: Episodic interviews were conducted with eight family caregivers of people with dementia and analyzed according to thematic coding. Results: Caregivers used both media-based and interpersonal channels for technology-related research and made heterogeneous experiences. The researched information content and causes of research varied across respondents. The amount of available online information was a barrier in some cases. With regard to future information needs, the diversity of information channels and the quality of information are of high importance. Conclusions: The individual situation-specific needs of family caregivers must be taken into account in the development of new information and counseling services so that information deficits can be eliminated, and the potential of new technologies can be exploited in the home care of people with dementia. Further research is needed on the information needs of people with dementia., Hintergrund: Neue Technologien können Angehörige bei der häuslichen Versorgung von Personen mit Demenz unterstützen, sind jedoch vielen unbekannt. Um das Informationsdefizit abzubauen, müssen die von den Angehörigen benötigten Informationen erfasst werden. Ziel: Die Studie verfolgt das Ziel, die Informationsbedürfnisse Angehöriger zu neuen Technologien der häuslichen Versorgung bei Demenz zu untersuchen, wobei Erfahrungen bei vergangenen Recherchen und künftige Informationsbedürfnisse berücksichtigt werden. Methode: Es wurden episodische Interviews mit acht pflegenden Angehörigen von Personen mit Demenz geführt und anlehnend an das thematische Kodieren ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Angehörige nutzten für technikbezogene Recherchen medienbasierte sowie interpersonale Informationsquellen und machten dabei heterogene Erfahrungen. Die recherchierten Informationsinhalte und Auslöser der Recherchen variierten zwischen den Befragten. Die Menge verfügbarer Online-Informationen stellte z. T. ein Hindernis dar. Mit Blick auf künftige Informationsbedürfnisse kommt der Diversität von Informationskanälen und der Informationsqualität eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Schlussfolgerungen: Die individuellen situationsspezifischen Bedürfnisse der Angehörigen müssen bei der Entwicklung neuer Informations- und Beratungsangebote berücksichtigt werden, damit Informationsdefizite abgeschafft und die Potenziale neuer Technologien bei der Versorgung von Personen mit Demenz ausgeschöpft werden können. Es bedarf weiterer Forschung zu den Informationsbedürfnissen von Personen mit Demenz.

Information needs of family caregivers regarding new technologies for dementia care at home: A qualitative study

BACKGROUND Assistive technologies for people with dementia and their relatives have the potential to ensure, improve, and facilitate home care and thereby enhance the health of the people caring or being cared for. The number and diversity of technologies and research have continuously increased over the past few decades. As a result, the research field has become complex. OBJECTIVE The goal of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the research on technology-assisted home care for people with dementia and their relatives in order to guide further research and technology development. METHODS A scoping review was conducted following a published framework and by searching 4 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and CENTRAL) for studies published between 2013 and 2018. We included qualitative and quantitative studies in English or German focusing on technologies that support people with dementia or their informal carers in the home care setting. Studies that targeted exclusively people with mild cognitive impairment, delirium, or health professionals were excluded as well as studies that solely consisted of assessments without implication for the people with dementia or their relatives and prototype developments. We mapped the research field regarding study design, study aim, setting, sample size, technology type, and technology aim, and we report relative and absolute frequencies. RESULTS From an initial 5328 records, we included 175 studies. We identified a variety of technology types including computers, telephones, smartphones, televisions, gaming consoles, monitoring devices, ambient assisted living, and robots. Assistive technologies were most commonly used by people with dementia (77/175, 44.0%), followed by relatives (68/175, 38.9%), and both target groups (30/175, 17.1%). Their most frequent goals were to enable or improve care, provide therapy, or positively influence symptoms of people with dementia (eg, disorientation). The greatest proportions of studies were case studies and case series (72/175, 41.1%) and randomized controlled trials (44/175, 25.1%). The majority of studies reported small sample sizes of between 1 and 50 participants (122/175, 69.7%). Furthermore, most of the studies analyzed the effectiveness (85/233, 36.5%) of the technology, while others targeted feasibility or usability or were explorative. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrated the variety of technologies that support people with dementia and their relatives in the home care setting. Whereas this diversity provides the opportunity for needs-oriented technical solutions that fit individual care arrangements, it complicates the choice of the right technology. Therefore, research on the users’ informational needs is required. Moreover, there is a need for larger studies on the technologies’ effectiveness that could contribute to a higher acceptance and thus to a transition of technologies from research into the daily lives of people with dementia and their relatives.

BACKGROUND Digital technologies are increasingly integrating into peoples’ daily living environments like schools, sport clubs, health care facilities or the local community. These living environments or settings play a crucial role for health promotion and prevention purposes since they affect the health of its members, as the World Health Organization (WHO) declares. Implementing digital health promotion and prevention interventions in settings offers the opportunity to reach specific target groups, to lower the costs of implementation and to improve the health of the population. Until now it lacks scientific evidence that reviews and maps the research field of digital health promotion and prevention in settings. OBJECTIVE The overall objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of research targeting digital health promotion and primary prevention in settings. It focusses on assessing the range of the scientific literature regarding various outcomes like applied technology, targeted setting and area of health promotion or prevention and on identifying research gaps that result from these findings. METHODS The scoping review was conducted following the framework by Levac et al. [1]. We searched in eight scientific databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, IEEE Xplore, BASE and Web of Science), grey literature sources and reference lists for literature on digital setting-based health promotion and prevention published between 2010 and January 2020. The screening of articles was based on a priori defined eligibility criteria. Thus, we included empirical and non-empirical publications published in English or German and excluded articles on secondary or tertiary prevention and on health promotion at the workplace. RESULTS From an initial number of 8,888 records, the literature search led to 200 included publications. Overall, we identified a huge diversity and breadth of literature regarding digital setting-based health promotion and prevention. The variety of technology types extents from computer programs to smartphone applications up to sensor devices. We found various analogue, digital or blended settings in which digital health promotion and prevention takes place. The most frequent analogue settings are schools (19.5%) and neighborhoods or communities (12%). Social media applications are also included because in some studies social media is defined as a (digital) setting. Social media applications account for 31.5% of the identified settings. The most commonly focused area of health promotion and prevention are physical activity (40.5%), nutrition (22.5%) and sexual health (17%). The majority of interventions combine several health promotion or prevention methods including environmental change, providing information, social support, training, incentives and monitoring. Finally, we found that articles mostly report on behavioral rather than structural health promotion and prevention in settings. CONCLUSIONS The research field of digital health promotion and prevention in settings is very broad and heterogeneous. At the same time we identified research gaps regarding the absence of valid definitions of relevant terms (e.g. digital settings) and the lack of literature on structural health promotion and prevention. Therefore, it remains unclear how digital technologies can contribute to structural (or organizational) changes in settings. More research is needed to successfully implement digital technologies in order to reach health promotion and prevention in settings.

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Der Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in der ambulanten Pflege erfolgt vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels mit dem Ziel, auch in Zukunft die Qualität der pflegerischen Versorgung sicherzustellen. Die Akzeptanz der telematischen Anwendungen ist dabei entscheidend für die erfolgreiche Implementation. Ziel: Das Ziel der Untersuchung war eine Erfassung der subjektiven Haltungen und Einstellungen sowie der Nutzungsintention der Pflegekräfte hinsichtlich telematischer Anwendungen in der ambulanten Pflege. Methoden: Auf der theoretischen Grundlage der „Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology“ (UTAUT) wurde eine Onlineumfrage erstellt, anhand derer deutschlandweit ambulante Alten- und Krankenpflegekräfte sowie Auszubildende in Pflegeschulen befragt wurden. Insgesamt konnten 371 Befragte in die Analyse eingeschlossen werden. Ergebnisse: Der Informationsstand zur Telematik und die eigenen technischen Kompetenzen werden als gering eingeschätzt. Es wird eine verbesserte Transparenz des Pflegeprozesses erhofft; genauso wie eine Erleichterung des Austausches sektorintern und -übergreifend. Dagegen wird befürchtet, dass die telematischen Anwendungen mit erhöhten Kosten, Schulungsaufwand und Technikabhängigkeit einhergehen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Relevanz der Einstellungen und Bedürfnisse von Nutzerinnen und Nutzern für eine erfolgreiche Implementierung. Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildungen sollten in Zukunft verstärkt die technologische Kompetenz der Pflegekräfte fördern.

Background Assistive technologies for people with dementia and their relatives have the potential to ensure, improve, and facilitate home care and thereby enhance the health of the people caring or being cared for. The number and diversity of technologies and research have continuously increased over the past few decades. As a result, the research field has become complex. Objective The goal of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the research on technology-assisted home care for people with dementia and their relatives in order to guide further research and technology development. Methods A scoping review was conducted following a published framework and by searching 4 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and CENTRAL) for studies published between 2013 and 2018. We included qualitative and quantitative studies in English or German focusing on technologies that support people with dementia or their informal carers in the home care setting. Studies that targeted exclusively people with mild cognitive impairment, delirium, or health professionals were excluded as well as studies that solely consisted of assessments without implication for the people with dementia or their relatives and prototype developments. We mapped the research field regarding study design, study aim, setting, sample size, technology type, and technology aim, and we report relative and absolute frequencies. Results From an initial 5328 records, we included 175 studies. We identified a variety of technology types including computers, telephones, smartphones, televisions, gaming consoles, monitoring devices, ambient assisted living, and robots. Assistive technologies were most commonly used by people with dementia (77/175, 44.0%), followed by relatives (68/175, 38.9%), and both target groups (30/175, 17.1%). Their most frequent goals were to enable or improve care, provide therapy, or positively influence symptoms of people with dementia (eg, disorientation). The greatest proportions of studies were case studies and case series (72/175, 41.1%) and randomized controlled trials (44/175, 25.1%). The majority of studies reported small sample sizes of between 1 and 50 participants (122/175, 69.7%). Furthermore, most of the studies analyzed the effectiveness (85/233, 36.5%) of the technology, while others targeted feasibility or usability or were explorative. Conclusions This review demonstrated the variety of technologies that support people with dementia and their relatives in the home care setting. Whereas this diversity provides the opportunity for needs-oriented technical solutions that fit individual care arrangements, it complicates the choice of the right technology. Therefore, research on the users’ informational needs is required. Moreover, there is a need for larger studies on the technologies’ effectiveness that could contribute to a higher acceptance and thus to a transition of technologies from research into the daily lives of people with dementia and their relatives.

Telematics in ambulatory care: Exploring the nurses' perspective Abstract.In the context of demographic change, the use of information and communications technology in home care has the aim of ensuring the quality of nursing care in the future. The acceptance of telematic applications by all users is crucial in this regard.The aim of this study was to assess the subjective attitudes and intentions of nursing staff on telematic applications in home care.Based on the "Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology" (UTAUT), an online survey was conducted in which nursing staff as well as nursing students throughout Germany were surveyed. 371 questionnaires have been included in the analysis.Nursing students as well as nurses stated inadequate information and insufficient technical competence. Referring to performance expectations, both groups hope for improving care process transparency and communication inside and outside sectors. For effort expectancy, higher costs, training efforts and technology dependency were named.The results show the relevance of the attitudes and demands of users for a successful implementation. In the future, training and further education should increasingly promote the technological competence of nursing staff.Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Der Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in der ambulanten Pflege erfolgt vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels mit dem Ziel, auch in Zukunft die Qualität der pflegerischen Versorgung sicherzustellen. Die Akzeptanz der telematischen Anwendungen ist dabei entscheidend für die erfolgreiche Implementation. Ziel: Das Ziel der Untersuchung war eine Erfassung der subjektiven Haltungen und Einstellungen sowie der Nutzungsintention der Pflegekräfte hinsichtlich telematischer Anwendungen in der ambulanten Pflege. Methoden: Auf der theoretischen Grundlage der „Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology“ (UTAUT) wurde eine Onlineumfrage erstellt, anhand derer deutschlandweit ambulante Alten- und Krankenpflegekräfte sowie Auszubildende in Pflegeschulen befragt wurden. Insgesamt konnten 371 Befragte in die Analyse eingeschlossen werden. Ergebnisse: Der Informationsstand zur Telematik und die eigenen technischen Kompetenzen werden als gering eingeschätzt. Es wird eine verbesserte Transparenz des Pflegeprozesses erhofft; genauso wie eine Erleichterung des Austausches sektorintern und -übergreifend. Dagegen wird befürchtet, dass die telematischen Anwendungen mit erhöhten Kosten, Schulungsaufwand und Technikabhängigkeit einhergehen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Relevanz der Einstellungen und Bedürfnisse von Nutzerinnen und Nutzern für eine erfolgreiche Implementierung. Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildungen sollten in Zukunft verstärkt die technologische Kompetenz der Pflegekräfte fördern.