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Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-14T02:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_13062_Tese Kamila.pdf: 298016 bytes, checksum: c14168e880629b6db98d0b7f05acab19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-26 RESUMO Cloeodes é um dos gêneros mais diversos de Baetidae, com 43 espécies válidas distribuídas na América do Sul, América Central e Sul da América do Norte. Com os três gêneros orientais, Bungona, Crassolus e Potamocloeon, ele compõe um grupo monofilético denominado complexo Cloeodes. Anteriormente, dois subgêneros foram propostos, no entanto, a partir da descrição de uma espécie com caracteres intermediários entre os dois, eles foram sinonimizados. Embora algumas espécies de Cloeodes tenham sido incluídas em análises cladísticas realizadas previamente, o relacionamento interno delas ainda não foi abordado. Na presente tese, foram realizadas análises filogenéticas com base em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares, utilizando as abordagens de parcimônia, inferência bayesiana e máxima verossimilhança. Como resultado, seis principais grupos foram recuperados nas análises baseadas em dados moleculares e combinados. Quatro desses grupos também foram recuperados na análise somente dos dados morfológicos. Tomando por base esses resultados uma nova classificação subgenérica é proposta. Também foi realizada uma análise biogeográfica utilizando o S-DIVA. Os resultados sugerem a diversificação do gênero no domínio Chacoano. Um evento de dispersão em direção a Noroeste da Região Neotropical teria ocorrido, seguido por um evento vicariante separando duas linhagens, uma distribuída a Noroeste e outra a Sudeste da região. Outro evento de dispersão teria expandido a distribuição do gênero para o domínio Paraná. Posteriormente, um evento vicariante separaria a linhagem distribuída no domínio Chacoano da linhagem distribuída no domínio Paraná. Palavras-Chave: Análise bayesiana, dados combinados, morfologia, parcimônia, sequências de DNA, sistemática.

Cloeodes boldrinii Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 1 d, 13, 14, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 1 d); C) Labrum, medially, with single long seta (Fig. 13 a); D) Maxillary palp short (around ¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 13 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 13 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 14 a, 14 b); G) Gills with medial rib (Fig. 14 e) Nymph. Lengths. Body: 9.0– 9.5 mm; cerci: 4.0 mm; terminal filament: 4.5 mm; antenna: 3.5 mm. Coloration (Fig. 1 d). General coloration yellowish-white profusely washed with dark brown. Head uniformly washed with brown, except below median ocellus. Legs yellowish-brown; tarsus darker. Terga. Segments IV and VIII less pigmented; segment IX with medial less pigmented area; segments II, III and VII sometimes less pigmented, but never as in segments IV and VIII; segments I–IX medially with a longitudinal unpigmented stripe. Sterna as in terga. Filaments yellowish-brown with a subdistal yellowish band. Head. Labrum (Fig. 13 a). Length about 0.7 × maximum width; dorsal arc with single medial seta; ventrally with 8–10 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 13 b, 13 c). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 13 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 9–10 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp 3 / 4 length of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.3 × length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 13 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 15 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 4 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 11 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 1.0 × length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6–7 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin outer margin; ventrally covered with around 60 long setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present Fore leg (Fig. 14 a). Ratio 1.8: 1 (1.0mm):1.0: 0.2. Femur. Length about 5 × maximum width; outer margin with row of 11–12 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 × maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 35 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 25 minute scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 14 b), 0.2 × width of femur, apically with 4 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, not extending apex of tibia (Fig. 14 c). Tarsus ventrally with row of 16 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 × length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed length of femoral projection and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 14 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II–X; larger spines on posterior margin 3.0 × longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV–IX. Gills (Fig. 14 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; medial rib present; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II, oval. Gill IV 1 1 / 2 length of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII 1 1 / 2 length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 14 f). With around 15 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. With spines on every four segments. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. In honor of Dr. Rafael Boldrini, collector of the material from Santa Catarina (including that new species), friend and mayfly specialist. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Serra Geral. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira Veu de noiva, Perto do Morro da Aeronautica, S 28 °04’ 34.5 ” W 49 ° 31 ’06.9”, 1346 m.a.s.l., 02/x/ 2011, Boldrini R, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES: 14 nymphs (one on slide), same data as holotype (7 CZNC, 4 INPA, 3 MZL).

Cloeodes guara Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 a, 15, 16, 30, 31a. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Small body size (Nymph. Lengths. Body: 4.7���4.8 mm; cerci: 2.4 mm; terminal filament: 2.4 mm; antenna: 1.3���1.5 mm. Coloration (Fig. 2 a). General coloration blackish with yellow bands. Head yellowish, darker on gena. Thorax. Pronotum to distal half of wing pad yellow. Legs yellowish-white. Femur washed with black. Hind femur less pigmented. Terga. Segments I to half of IV yellow. Sterna as in terga. Filaments yellowish-white washed with black at base and apex. Head. Labrum (Fig. 15 a). Length about 0.9 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial setae; ventrally with 10 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 15 b, 15 c). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in Fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 15 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary short (around �� length of galea-lacinia); palp segment II 1.3 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 15 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 15 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with apically pointed, fine, simple setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8 setae close to inner margin; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 4 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 20 long setae (Fig. 15 e); setae on inner margin simple. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 16 a). Ratio 2: 1 (0.7mm): 1: 0.3. Femur. Length about 6 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 8 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae present; anterior surface and inner margin with around 30 spine-like setae; posterior surface bare; apex slightly projected (Fig. 16 b), apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two simple setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 16 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 30 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 16 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments I���X; larger spines on posterior margin 3.3 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���IX. Gills (Fig. 16 e). Outer margin smooth; inner margin smooth; medial rib absent; tracheae pigmented, extending from main trunk to outer margin. Gill I reaching apex of segment III, asymmetrically lanceolate. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to VIII combined, asymmetric, broad at base. Gill VII extending apex of segment X. Paraproct (Fig. 16 f). With 21���25 spines. Cercus. Without large spines. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. A reference to the Lobo-Guar�� or Maned Wolf [Chrysocyon brachiurus (Illiger, 1815)], the largest canid in South America and one of the symbols of the Santu��rio do Cara��a, where the new species was found. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra do Cara��a (part of Serra do Espinha��o), Santu��rio do Cara��a. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cara��a, Rio Cascatinha, S 20 �� 5 ' 56.71 " W 43 �� 28 ' 8.17 ", 1495 m.a.s.l., 17 /ix/ 2012, Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 33 nymphs (one on slides), same data as holotype (18 CZNC, 5 MZL, 5 IBN, 5 INPA)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L., Sartori, M. (2015): Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges. Zootaxa 4020 (1): 1-50, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1

Cloeodes aiuruoca Massariol, Angeli & Salles, sp. nov. Figures 1 a, 4 a, 6, 7, 30, 31c. Diagnosis. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern predominantly uniform (Figs. 1 a, 4 a); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 6 a); D) Maxillary palp short (around ¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 6 g); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III distinctly shorter than outer margin (Fig. 6 i); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 7 a, 7 d); G) Gills with medial rib (Fig. 7 h). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 7.0–10.0 mm; cerci: 3.0– 4.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.0– 4.5 mm; antenna: 2.0– 2.5 mm. Coloration (Figs. 1 a, 4 a). General coloration yellowish-white washed with brown. Head light brown with light yellow narrow longitudinal stripe on whole length of vertex; frons with area between antennal sockets yellowish. Thorax yellowish brown with brownish marks. Fore leg with coxa brown; trochanter yellowish-brown; femur yellowish washed with brown, except at base and apex of anterior surface; tibia and tarsus brown. Abdomen yellowish-brown washed with brown to dark brown with one lighter medial longitudinal stripe; segments II–VIII with yellowish smooth antero-sublateral area; segments VIII and IX eventually lighter. Sterna yellowish-brown. Caudal filaments brown with a yellowish band subdistally. Head. Labrum (Figs. 6 a, 6 b). Length about 0.9 × maximum width; dorsal arc with two medial setae; ventrally with 7–9 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Hypopharynx as in Fig. 6 c. Mandibles (Figs. 6 d, 6 e). Margin between prostheca and mola of left mandible with short spine-like setae (Fig. 6 f); denticles of mola constricted at base (Fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 6 g). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp short (around ¾ length of galea-lacinia); palp segment II equal to length of segment I. Labium (Figs. 6 h, 6 i, 6 j). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 (ir in Fig. 6 j) and 15 (or in Fig. 6 j) pointed setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 4 setae close to inner margin (dia in Fig. 6 j); ventrally with arc of 8–10 setae close to inner margin (via in Fig. 6 j). Labial palp with segment I 0.9 × length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 8 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 20 long setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 7 d). Ratio 1.7: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.5 × maximum width; outer margin with row of 6–11 clavate setae (Fig. 7 e); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 25 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 15 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 7 a), 0.4 × width of femur, apically with 3 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 7 f). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 12–17 + 1 spine-like short setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 × length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs (Figs. 7 b, 7 c). Similar to fore leg, except for subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia on (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 7 g). Spines present on posterior margins of segments III–X; larger spines on posterior margin of tergum IV 3.2 × longer than wide. Sterna. Spines present on posterior margin of segments IV–IX (segment III rarely with scarce spines). Gills (Figs. 7 h, 7 i). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib present; few secondary tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 3 / 4 length of segment II; truncate. Gill IV 1 1 / 2 length of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII about 1 1 / 2 length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 7 j). With 12–14 marginal spines. Cercus. Without large spines. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. After the type-locality, River Aiuruoca. Distribution. Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra da Mantiqueira, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (Fig. 30). Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 1440 m.a.s.l., 07/ix/ 2000, Nessimian, JL, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 15 nymphs (three on slides), same data as holotype (5 CZNC, 5 UFRJ, 3 MZL, 2 IBN). Additional material. 7 nymphs, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Abrigo Rebouças, S 22 ° 23 ' 6.20 " W 44 ° 40 ' 43.40 ", 11 /xi/ 1978, Dos Santos NO and Pereira SM, col. (CZNC). 1 nymph, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Cachoeira da Maromba, S 22 ° 25 ' 46.10 " W 44 ° 37 ' 9.80 ", 15 /viii/ 1998, Salles FF and Franscischetti CN, col. (CZNC). 15 nymphs, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, primeiro riacho, S 22 ° 22 ' 39.90 " W 44 ° 41 ' 36.80 ", 11 /ix/ 1998, Salles FF, col. (UFRJ). 10 nymphs, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 12 /ix/ 1998, Salles FF, col. 57 nymphs, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Auiruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 07/ix/ 2000, Salles, F.F., col. (UFRJ). 34 nymphs, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 08/ix/ 2000, Assis JCF, Oliveira ALH and Passos MI, col. (CZNC).

Cloeodes lucifer Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 c, 4 c, 19, 20, 30, 31b. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Small body size (Nymph. Lengths. Body: 4.4 mm; cerci: 2.2 mm; terminal filament: 2.2 mm; antenna: 2.2 mm. Coloration (Figs. 2 c, 4 c). General coloration gray. Head yellowish-white, slightly washed with gray. Legs whitish. Terga. Segment I bright yellow; segments IX and X blackish. Sterna whitish; segments VI���VIII slightly washed with gray; segment IX heavily washed with gray. Filaments whitish. Head. Labrum (Fig. 19 a). Length about 0.7 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with single medial seta; ventrally with 8���9 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 19 b, 19 c). Denticles of left mola not constricted. Maxilla (Fig. 19 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 6 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 2.3 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 19 e). Base of glossa poorly expanded (reaching less than 1 / 3 of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 18 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with apically pointed, fine, simple setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 5 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 5���6 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 15 long setae (Fig. 19 e); setae on inner margin simple. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 20 a). Ratio 1.7: 1 (0.7mm): 1.1: 0.3. Femur. Length about 5.5 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 12���14 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 20 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 5 scattered setae near inner margin; apex slightly projected (Fig. 20 b), apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 20 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 20 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.4 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 20 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X; larger spines on posterior margin 2.4 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments V���IX. Gills (Fig. 20 e). Outer margin smooth; inner margin smooth; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I reaching apex of segment III, asymmetrically lanceolate. Gill IV reaching distal margin of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle, pointed at apex. Gill VII extending apex of segment X. Paraproct (Fig. 20 f). With around 18 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every four segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. Lucifer, light-bringing in Latin. An allusion to the bright yellow coloration of abdominal terga I, which seems to be lighten. Distribution (Fig. 30). Northeastern Brazil, Bahia State, Chapada Diamantina (part of Serra do Espinha��o), Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, trilha para a Cachoeira da Fuma��a, S 12 �� 36 ' 12.4 " W 41 �� 27 ' 58.8 ", 1317 m.a.s.l., 11 /v/ 2014, Salles FF and Nascimento JMC, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES: 12 nymphs (one on slides), same data as holotype (6 CZNC, 3 INPA, 3 IBN); 20 nymphs, sama data as holotype, except for 02/ix/ 2015, Salles FF, Paresque R, Monjardim M, Barbosa T, col. (10 CZNC, 10 MZL)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes tracheatus Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 3 c, 4 d, 25, 26, 30, 31d. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Small body size (c.a. 5.0 mm); B) Body color without marks, gray anteriorly and darker posteriorly (Figs. 3 c, 4 b); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 25 a); D) Maxillary palp short (�� length of galea-lacinia) (Fig. 25 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III distinctly shorter than outer margin (Fig. 25 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur short (not exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 26 a, 26 b); G) Gills extensively tracheated (Fig. 26 e). Nymph (nearly mature). Lengths. Body: 5 mm; cerci: 2.5 mm; terminal filament: 2.5 mm; antenna: 1.5mm. Coloration (Figs. 3 c, 4 d). General coloration gray. Head whitish washed with gray, except on frons. Legs whitish washed with gray. Terga. Blackish on segments III���X. Sterna. Uniformly washed with gray on segments I��� III, and blackish on segments IV���IX. Filaments slightly washed with dark brown at base, blackish at apex. Head. Labrum (Fig. 25 a). Length about 0.6 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial setae; ventrally with 6���8 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 25 b, 25 c). Denticles of mola not constricted. Maxilla (Fig. 25 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 7 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp short, 3 / 4 length of galea-lacinia; palp segment II equal to length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 25 e). Base of glossa poorly expanded (reaching less than 1 / 3 of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 15 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with apically pointed, fine, simple setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 5 setae; segment III with distal margin rounded; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 20 long setae (Fig. 25 e); setae on inner margin simple. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 26 a). Ratio 1.7: 1 (0.6mm): 1.2: 0.5. Femur. Length about 5 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 8���10 apically pointed setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae present; anterior surface and inner margin with around 33���38 curved spine-like setae; posterior surface with row of around 6 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection short, not exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 26 b), apically with 3 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 26 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 24 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.4 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 26 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments I���X; larger spines on posterior margin 4.9 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments III���IX. Gills (Fig. 26 e). Outer margin smooth; inner margin smooth; medial rib present (weak); tracheae profusely extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I reaching half of segment IV, asymmetrically lanceolate. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to VII combined, asymmetric, broad at base. Gill VII extending apex of segment X. Paraproct (Fig. 26 f). With 15���17 spines. Cercus. Distal half with large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. An allusion to the unusual amount of trachea present on the gills of the species. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra do Intendente (part of Serra do Espinha��o), Parque Estadual da Serra do Intendente. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Concei����o do Mato Dentro, Serra do Intendente, Rio Peixe Tolo, S 19 �� 0��� 14.40 ��� W 43 �� 36 ���45.00���, 731 m. a.s.l., 08���09/ix/ 2012, Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 7 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (4 CZNC, 3 DZRJ)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes xyrognathos Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 3 d, 5 c, 5 d, 27, 28, 29, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 3 d); C) Labrum, medially, with many setae (Fig. 27 a); D) Incisors blade-like (Figs. 27 b, 27 c); E) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 27 d); F) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 27 e); G) Distal projection of fore femur short (not exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 28 a, 28 b); H) Gills with medial rib (Fig. 28 e). MALE IMAGO. A) Intercalary veins on fore wing approximately 0.6, 0.9 �� the width of corresponding space (Fig. 29 a); B) Hind wing present, with three longitudinal veins (Figs. 29 b, 29 c); C) Terga yellowish washed heavily with brown (Fig. 5 c). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 8.0��� 8.5 mm; cerci: 4���4.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.0 mm. Coloration (Fig. 3 d). General coloration yellowish-white washed with brown to dark brown. Head with frons with area between antennal sockets yellowish. Thorax yellowish-brown with brownish marks. Fore leg, outer margin of femur and tibia washed with brown; tarsus profusely washed with brown. Abdomen with one lighter medial longitudinal stripe; segments I, II, VI and X profusely washed with brown; sterna yellowish white. Caudal filaments yellowish-brown with apex brown. Males lighter than female. Head. Labrum (Fig. 27 a). Trapezoidal; length about 0.5 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 18 continuous long setae; ventrally with 12���14 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 27 b, 27 c). Margin between prostheca and mola with short spine-like setae. Incisors bladelike; denticles of mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 27 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.1 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 27 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 1.2 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 8 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 45 long setae (Fig. 27 e); setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 28 a). Ratio 1.5: 1 (1.0 mm): 0.9: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.2 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 14���17 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.09 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 30 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 20 scattered serrated setae near inner margin; distal projection short, not exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 28 b), apically with 4 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle clavate, serrated, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 28 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 27 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 28 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments III���X; larger spines on posterior margin 2.0 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV���IX. Gills (Fig. 28 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib present (weak); tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II, oval. Gill IV little longer than length of segments V and VI combined, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII little longer than length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 28 f). With around 18 spines. Cercus. Without large spines. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male imago. Lengths. Body: 7.6 mm; fore wing: 8.3 mm; hind wing: 1.3 mm; tibia I: 2.6 mm; tibia II: 1.4 mm; tibia III: 1.3 mm; caudal filaments: broken. Coloration (Fig. 5 c). Head yellowish washed with brown. Turbinate portion of compound eyes orange dorsally, stalk dark orange (Fig. 5 c). Antenna translucent brown. Pro, meso and metanotum dark brown except for scutellum, lighter. Leg I: yellowish, femur with subapical orange band. Fore wing hyaline. Longitudinal and cross veins brown. Hind wing hyaline, veins light brown. Terga. Yellowish washed heavily with brown. Segment I dark brown. Segment II ���VIII with dark brown marks medially and posterolaterally. Segments IX ���X brown. Sterna. Yellowish washed brown, darker on lateral margins and with unpigmented area around sigilla. Forceps brown, lighter toward apex. Head. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong; length 1.6 �� width; stalk height 0.5 �� width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, close to each other. Thorax. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance poorly developed, almost imperceptible. Legs. Leg I: tibia 1.4 �� length of femur; tarsi 1.4 �� length of femur. Legs II and III: tibia 0.9 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.5 �� length of femur. Fore wing (Fig. 29 a) with stigmatic area with 6 cross veins touching Sc and 2 veins not touching Sc. Marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins R 1 -R 2 and ICu 1 -ICu 2 and ICu 2 -CuP, single and between veins Sc-R 1 and CuP-A absent; length of each intercalary vein 0.9 and 0.6 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.5 �� width. Hind wing (Figs. 29 b, 29 c) present, with 3 complete longitudinal veins; costal process hooked, broad, located on basal third. Abdomen. Genitalia (Fig. 29 d). Forceps segment I sub-rectangular; 0.5 �� length of segment II; wider than segment II, margins parallel. Forceps segment III oval, 1.5 �� as long as wide; 0.2 �� length of segments I and II combined. Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Female imago. Lengths. Body: 7.0 mm; fore wing: broken; hind wing: broken; tibia II: 1.2 mm; tibia III: 1.3 mm; caudal filaments: broken. Coloration (Fig. 5 d). Similar to male imago, except for: lighter general coloration; presence of a longitudinal brownish stripe on mesoscutum; wing membrane translucent brown, cross veins darker. Leg II: tibia 0.8 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.5 �� length of femur. Leg III: tibia 0.9 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.5 �� length of femur. Fore wing with stigmatic area with 6 cross veins touching Sc and 2 veins not touching Sc. Marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins ICu 1 -ICu 2 single and between veins Sc-R 1 and ICu 2 -A absent; intercalating one long/one short, one short/one long; length of each intercalary vein 1.0 and 0.6 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins. Hind wing present; with 3 complete longitudinal veins; costal process hooked, located on basal third. Etymology. From the Greek words xyro, blade-like, and gnatho, jaw. An allusion to the shape of mandibular incisors. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Serra Geral. Ontogenetic stage association. Rearing. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Male imago (with corresponding nymphal exuvia), wings and exuvia on two slides, one with dissected exuvia, one with wings, BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira V��u de noiva, Perto do Morro da Aeron��utica, S 28 ��04��� 34.5 ��� W 49 �� 31 ���06.9���, 1346 m.a.s.l., 02/x/ 2011, Boldrini R, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 25 nymphs (one on slide), female imago with corresponding wings and nymphal exuvia (on slides) and male imago with corresponding nymphal exuvia, same data as holotype (10 CZNC, 10 INPA, 5 MZL)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 40-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes ioachimi Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 b, 17, 18, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Body color pattern with inconspicuous marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 2 b); B) Labrum, medially, with single long seta (Fig. 17 a); C) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 17 d); D) Inner margin of labial palp segment III distinctly shorter than outer margin (Fig. 17 e); E) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 18 a, 18 b); F) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 18 e). Nymph (nearly mature). Lengths. Body: 5.8 mm; cerci: 1.9 mm; terminal filament: 1.9 mm; antenna: 2.2 mm. Coloration (Fig. 2 b). General coloration yellowish brown. Head yellowish-white, slightly washed with brown except on frons. Legs yellowish-white washed with gray on apex of femur, base of tibia and tarsus. Terga. Segments III, V and VI with central blackish irregular mark. Sterna yellowish-white. Filaments yellowish-white with a brownish apical band. Head. Labrum (Fig. 17 a). Length about 0.7 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with single medial seta; ventrally with 8���13 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 17 b, 17 c). Denticles of mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 17 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 6 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.2 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 17 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6���8 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 45 long setae (Fig. 17 e); setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 18 a). Ratio 1.6: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.8 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 11���12 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.2 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 30 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 15 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 18 b), 0.2 �� width of femur, apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 18 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 14 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 18 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X; larger spines on posterior margin 3.8 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments: IV���IX (segment III with scarce spines). Gills (Fig. 18 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 3 / 4 length of segment II, oval. Gill IV reaching apex of segment VI, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII as long as length of segments VIII to IX. Paraproct (Fig. 18 f). With 12���14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. After Joaquim de Lima Salles, beloved son of Frederico Salles and Marcela Lima. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra do Trov��o (part of Serra do Espinha��o). Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Lavras Novas, S 20 �� 28 ' 55.13 " W 43 �� 31 ' 27.58 ", 1276 m.a.s.l., 18 /viii/ 2012, Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 11 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (6 CZNC, 3 MZL, 2 IBN)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes amantykyra Angeli, Massariol & Salles, sp. nov. Figures 1 b, 5 a, 5 b, 8, 9, 10, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 1 b); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 8 a); D) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 8 f); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 8 g); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 9 a, 9 d); G) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 9 h); H) Terga with spines present on posterior margins of segments I���X, larger spines on posterior margin 2.7 �� longer than wide (Fig. 9 g). MALE IMAGO. A) Intercalary veins on fore wing approximately 0.4 �� the width of corresponding space (Fig. 10 a); B) Hind wing present, with two longitudinal veins (Figs. 10 b, 10 c); C) Terga III ���VII with median dark brown irregular marks and sterna II ���VII with antero-lateral dark brown stripe (Fig. 5 a). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 7.0���10.0 mm; cerci: 3.0��� 3.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.0��� 3.5 mm; antenna: 2.0���3.0 mm. Coloration (Fig. 1 b). General coloration yellowish-white. Head with vertex light brown; frons with dark brown stripe extending lateral ocellus and almost reaching base of clipeus. Thorax yellowish-white washed with light brown. Fore leg, coxa yellowish-white washed with dark brown on outer margin; femur with central and subapical brownish band; tibia washed with light brown; tarsus with outer half of dorsal surface dark brown. Abdomen with segments I���IV with submedial triangular to roundish brown mark; segments V, VI and X almost completely washed with brown. Caudal filaments brown, darker toward apex except for a yellowish subapical band. Head. Labrum (Figs. 8 a, 8 b). Length about 0.6 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial long setae; ventrally with 5���12 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Hypopharynx. As in Fig. 8 c. Mandibles (Figs. 8 d, 8 e). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 8 f). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.4 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 8 g). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6���7 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 30 apically pointed setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 9 d). Ratio 1.8: 1 (0.6mm): 1.2: 0.3. Femur. Length about 4 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 14 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur) (Fig. 9 e); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 35 simple, spine-like tiny setae; posterior surface with around 40 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 9 a), 0.2 �� width of femur, apically with 2 clavate setae (Fig. 9 a). Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 9 f). Tarsus ventrally with row of 14 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs (Figs. 9 b, 9 c). Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 9 g). With spines present on posterior margins of segments I���X; larger spines on posterior margin 2.7 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV���IX. Gills (Figs. 9 h, 9 i). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 1 / 2 length of segment II, oval. Gill IV 1 1 / 2 length of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle (Fig. 9 h). Gill VII about 1 1 / 2 length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 9 j). With 12���14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male imago. Lengths. Body: 7.0 mm; fore wing: 7.0 mm; hind wing: 1.2 mm; caudal filaments: broken. Coloration (Figs. 5 a, 5 b). Head yellowish washed with brown. Turbinate portion of compound eye orange dorsally, stalk dark orange (Figs. 5 a, 5 b). Antenna brown. Pro, meso and metanotum dark brown except for scutellum, lighter. Mid leg: Coxa brown; trocanter, femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish white, apex of tibia orangish. Fore wing hyaline, except between C and R 1 opaque. Longitudinal veins brown except for CuP and A, yellowish, cross veins between C and MA 1 dark brown, others light brown to yellowish. Point where C meets Sc with dark brown mark. Hind wing hyaline, veins brown. Terga (Fig. 5 a). Light brown. Segment I dark brown. Segment III ���VII with median dark brown irregular marks. Segments VIII ���X brown. Tracheation dark brown (Fig. 5 a). Sterna. Light brown. Segments II ���VII with antero-lateral dark brown stripe. Segments VIII ���IX with posteromedial brown mark. Forceps brown, lighter toward apex. Head. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong (Fig. 5 b); length 1.3 �� width; stalk height 0.6 �� width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, close to each other. Thorax. Anteronotal protuberance rounded (Fig. 5 a). Metascutellar protuberance poorly developed (Fig. 5 a). Legs. Mid leg: tibia 0.9 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.7 �� length of femur. Fore and hind legs broken, missing. Fore wing (Fig. 10 a) Stigmatic area with 4 cross veins touching Sc and 1 vein not touching Sc. Marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins R 1 -R 2 and ICu 1 -ICu 2 single and between veins Sc-R 1 and ICu 2 -A absent; between IMA and CuP intercalating one long/one short, one short/one long; length of each intercalary vein 0.4 and 0.3 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.6 �� width. Hind wing (Figs. 10 b, 10 c) present, with 2 complete longitudinal veins; costal process hooked, located on basal third. Abdomen. Genitalia (Fig. 10 d). Forceps segment I 0.6 �� length of segment II, wider than segment II, margins parallel. Forceps segment III oval, 1.1 �� as long as wide; 0.1 �� length of segments I and II combined. Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Female imago. Unknown. Etymology. From the tupi language words amana (rain) and tykyra (drop). An allusion to the type-locality of the new species, Serra da Mantiqueira, whose name is also derived from these two words. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, S��o Paulo State, Serra da Mantiqueira, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jord��o. Ontogenetic stage association. Rearing. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Male imago (with corresponding nymphal exuvia); wings, mid leg, genitalia, and exuvia on four slides (two with wings, one with genitalia, one with dissected nymph), BRAZIL, S��o Paulo, Campos do Jord��o, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jord��o, C��rrego Galharada, S 22 �� 41 ��� 35.7 ��� W 45 �� 27 ��� 38.6 ���, 1512 m.a.s.l., 27���28 /iii/ 2010, Brito PV and Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. Male imago with corresponding nymphal exuvia (CZNC) and 27 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (20 CZNC, 4 MZL, 3 IBN)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 8-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes atlanticus Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 1 c, 11, 12, 30. Diagnosis. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 1 c); C) Labrum, medially, with 2 to 3 long setae (Fig. 11 a); D) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 11 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 11 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 12 a, 12 b); G) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 12 e); H) Terga with spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X, larger spines on posterior margin 5 �� longer than wide (Fig. 12 d). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 8.2 mm; cerci: 3.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.5 mm. Coloration (Fig. 1 c). General coloration yellowish-white profusely washed with dark brown. Head yellowishwhite almost completely washed with brown. Legs yellowish-white almost completely washed with brown. Terga. Segments IV and VIII less pigmented; segment IX with a medial less pigmented area; segments II, III and VII sometimes less pigmented, but never as in segments IV and VIII; segments I���IX medially with a longitudinal unpigmented stripe. Sterna yellowish-white; segments VI���IX washed with brown. Filaments brown, apex broken. Head. Labrum (Fig. 11 a). Length about 0.6 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 to 3 long medial setae; ventrally with 10 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 11 b, 11 c). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 11 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 9 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.6 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 11 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 5 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6���7 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 30 long setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 12 a); Ratio 1.6: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 11���12 blunt, clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 35 simple spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 25 minute scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 12 b), 0.2 �� width of femur, apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 12 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 14 + 1 spinelike setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 12 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X; larger spines on posterior margin 5 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments: IV���IX. Gills (Fig. 12 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 3 / 4 length of segment II, oval. Gill IV reaching apex of segment VI, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII reaching 1 / 2 of segment IX. Paraproct (Fig. 12 f). With 12���14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every four segments at base and on every two segments toward apex. Terminal filament. With spines on every four segments. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. Reference to Atlantic Forest, one of the World's hotspot and the biome where several of the new species described herein were found. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Paran�� State, Serra Geral. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Paran��, Mangueirinha, Afluente do Rio Marreco, S 26 ��00'04.3" W 52 ��08' 15.4 ", 817 m. a.s.l., 14 /ix/ 2011, Pes A, Cruz P, Boldrini R and Hamada N, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES: 5 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (2 CZNC, 3 INPA)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes magnus Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 d, 21, 22, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 2 d); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 21 a); D) Maxillary palp short (¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 21 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to margin (Fig. 21 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur short (not exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 22 a, 22 b); G) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 22 e). Nymph (nearly mature). Lengths. Body: 10.4 –12.0 mm; cerci: 3.9 mm; terminal filament: 3.9 mm; antenna: 3.0. Coloration (Fig. 2 d). General coloration yellowish-white profusely washed with dark brown. Head yellowish washed with brown, except around lateral ocellus and below median ocellus. Legs yellowish washed with brown, except for two unpigmented stripes close to inner margin of femur; tarsus darker. Terga. Segments IV and VIII less pigmented; segment IX with a medial less pigmented area; segments II, III and VII sometimes less pigmented, but never as in segments IV and VIII; segments I–IX medially with a longitudinal unpigmented stripe. Sterna yellowish washed with brown, darker on segments VII–IX; segments III–IX with a sublateral brown stripe. Filaments yellowish-white washed with brown on basal half and washed with dark brown on apical ¼. Head. Labrum (Fig. 21 a). Length about 0.6 × maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial setae; ventrally with 5–6 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 21 b, 21 c). Denticles of mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 21 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 9 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp short (¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 21 d); palp segment II 2.0 × length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 21 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 15 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8–10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 × length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 5 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 30 long setae (Fig. 21 e); setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 22 a). Ratio 1.8: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.5 × maximum width; outer margin with row of 11–12 blunt, clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 × maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 40 spine-like setae; posterior surface bare; distal projection distinct, but not exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 22 b), 0.1 × width of femur, apically with 3 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with one simple seta on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 22 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 14 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 × length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 22 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments I–X; large spines intercalated by short spines, larger spines 4.9 × longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV–IX. Gills (Fig. 22 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II, oval. Gill IV reaching 1 / 2 of segment VI, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII reaching 1 / 2 of segment IX. Paraproct (Fig. 22 f). With 12–14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every four segments at base and on every two segments toward apex. Terminal filament. With spines on every four segments. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. Magnus, great in Latin. Reference to the size of the species, so far the largest among Cloeodes. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Serra Geral. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira do Avencal, S 28 °02’ 55.1 ” W 49 ° 37 ’00.0”, 1220 m.a.s.l., 02/x/ 2011, Boldrini R, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 5 nymphs, same data as holotype (3 CZNC, 2 INPA).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6305_Dissertação Kamila VERSÃO FINAL.pdf: 2595499 bytes, checksum: d9a09f2c0e4cc3260c9b967b10301a29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera constituem um grupo conhecido como EPT, e possuem reconhecida importância em estudos de biomonitoramento ambiental, bem como por desempenhar um papel significativo na ciclagem de nutrientes. As três ordens apresentam representantes no Espírito Santo. O Rio São Mateus representa o principal manancial de abastecimento de várias cidades no norte do estado e seus remanescentes florestais que protegem os solos e os recursos hídricos foram cortados ou queimados ao longo de seu curso. Não existe nenhum estudo a respeito dos insetos aquáticos, incluindo EPT para o Rio São Mateus. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a variação espacial da diversidade de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera no Rio São Mateus usando como base indivíduos adultos, bem como listar as espécies ocorrentes no rio pela primeira vez. O trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos: o primeiro constitui o inventário realizado para o Rio São Mateus. O segundo trata da variação espacial da riqueza, diversidade e composição de Ephemeroptera e Trichoptera em uma extensão do Rio São Mateus. Os espécimes foram coletados utilizando a armadilha Pensilvânia. Os resultados do primeiro capítulo indicam alta diversidade das ordens aqui tratadas para o Rio São Mateus, sendo alguns táxons registrados pela primeira vez para o Espírito Santo e outros para a Região Sudeste. Além do fato de várias novas espécies e até mesmo gêneros terem sido encontrados nesse rio. Destaca-se a necessidade de se ampliar estudos em rios de maior porte, uma vez que a composição faunística do Rio São Mateus difere consideravelmente da composição de rios de menor porte da mesma região. Os resultados do segundo capítulo mostram que a riqueza de Ephemeroptera e Trichoptera é fortemente influenciada pela distância da foz, em detrimento da diversidade, distintividade taxonômica e equabilidade. A composição de Ephemeroptera se apresenta bem estruturada quanto a distância dos pontos da foz do rio, ao contrário de Trichoptera cujos pontos mais próximos da foz apresentam composição semelhante, e os pontos mais distantes não apresentam nenhum padrão de agrupamento quanto a composição das espécies. Embora não tenha sido possível testar as hipóteses relacionadas à presença de áreas urbanas no curso do Rio São Mateus, a partir das observações realizadas dos dados coletados, sugere-se que a presença das cidades interfere de maneira negativa principalmente no que diz respeito à riqueza de Ephemeroptera e Trichoptera. Sendo assim, além da distância da foz, o impacto causado pela presença das zonas urbanas atravessadas pelo Rio São Mateus também pode estar sendo importante para determinação da riqueza nos pontos amostrados

To determine whether an improvement in skin lesions as a result of PUVA therapy may be correlated with changes in cytokine patterns, RT-PCR amplification was used to compare the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine mRNA expression in serial biopsies from three chronic plaque psoriatic patients. In each case, 3-mm punch biopsies were taken from lesional skin before and during 2-28 days of treatment with PUVA. Total mRNA was extracted from each biopsy, cDNA synthesized, and then amplified by 35 cycles of PCR using cytokine-specific primers. The specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by the Southern blot technique. Substantial levels of specific mRNA for each of the cytokines studied was present in the lesions prior to treatment. In two of the three patients who responded well to PUVA, a reduction in all the cytokines including IL-10 was observed compared with baseline levels. In contrast, PUVA proved to be ineffective in clearing the psoriasis of the third patient whose skin lesions worsened during the course of treatment. This was accompanied by an increase in IFN-gamma but not of the other cytokines investigated, above the pretreatment level. This study showed an association between PUVA-induced resolution and decreases in the levels of various cytokines highly expressed in psoriatic lesions.

Keratinocytes from normal and psoriatic skin were tested for their in vitro proliferative response to a range of concentrations of rIL-6, rTGF alpha, rIL-8 and rGM-CSF using a serum-free culture system. With one exception, all normal cultures (11/12) were stimulated by 1000 ng/ml IL-6 (P0.001). Six out of ten psoriatic keratinocyte cultures were also stimulated at this concentration, but this just failed to reach significance (P = 0.05). As a group, the response by psoriatic keratinocytes to IL-6 was significantly less than that of normal keratinocytes (P = 0.02). TGF alpha at 1 ng/ml induced proliferation in approximately 60% of both normal (8/12, P0.05) and psoriatic (6/10, P0.01) keratinocyte cultures; there was no significant difference between the responses of the two groups to this cytokine. In addition, small numbers of both normal and psoriatic cultures responded to TGF alpha over a concentration range of 0.1 to 100 ng/ml. Approximately half of the normal and psoriatic cultures were stimulated by 10-1000 ng/ml IL-8. However, the effect was not significant for the group at any of the concentrations tested. GM-CSF had minimal to no effect on most of the normal and psoriatic cultures tested. This study showed that psoriatic keratinocytes are equally responsive to the stimulatory effects of TGF alpha and IL-8, but are less susceptible to IL-6 compared to keratinocytes from normal skin. These findings are consistent with a role for these cytokines in the maintenance of a hyperproliferative epidermis in psoriasis.

Normal and chronic plaque psoriatic keralinocyte cultures were tested for their in vitro response to 2–200 ng/nil TNF-α and 0.1–10 ng/ml TGF-β in a serum-free culture system. All normal and lesional psoriatic epidermal cell cultures showed a dose- and lime-dependent inhibition of growth in response to TNF-α and TGF-β. Inhibition in individual cultures was first seen at a concentration of 2 ng/ml for TNF-α and 0.1 ng/ml for TGF-β at day 2, but became significant at 20 ng/ml and 1 ng/ ml for TNF-α and TGF-β respectively at days 2-6. This effect was statistically significant at days 3–4 for the group of normal (TNF-α and TGF-β, n = 10, p

The proliferative lymphocyte response to sonicated group A, beta-haemolytic streptococci (Strep-A) was measured by thymidine incorporation in 78 patients with psoriasis (guttate, chronic plaque or both). Lymphocytes from 72 of these patients were also cultured with streptokinase/streptodornase (SK/SD), and 20 of the patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were further tested with PPD, Candida albicans and sonicated Streptococcus mutans, a bacterial type not associated clinically with psoriasis. The median stimulation index (SI) of the psoriasis group to the Strep-A preparation was significantly higher than that of a group of 27 non-psoriatic individuals (P less than 0.05). Within this group, only the patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n = 42) showed a significantly increased proliferative response compared to the non-psoriatic controls (median SI = 123.8 and 31.9, respectively, P less than 0.01). Although the lymphocyte response of the chronic plaque group to SK/SD was also markedly higher than that of the control group, this difference did not reach statistical significance. In addition, these patients did not show significantly increased responses to any of the other antigens tested, including S. mutans. No correlation was observed between the degree of proliferation to Strep-A and disease extent or activity. Similarly, ASO titres, which were raised in 11 out of 23 guttate and three out of nine chronic plaque psoriasis patients tested, did not correlate with the proliferative responses observed.

The penetration depth of 1-12 keV electrons in most materials is less than one micron and the characteristic soft x-rays that are produced can be used to identify the elements present in the surface. Varying the energy of the incident electron beam enables the depth of analysis to be controlled.Soft x-rays often exhibit large 'chemical effects' (changes in peak profile and peak position) which can he correlated with chemical changes. A study of such effects for each element present in the sample surface, as a function of electron-beam energy, can in some cases, permit changes in the chemical state (valency - coordination number-spin state etc.) to be determined as a function of depth.Such analyses can be carried out either in a conventional x-ray spectrometer in which the x-ray tube has been replaced by a gas-discharge source, or in a spectrometer in which the sample is bombarded with electrons from a normal electron gun. In this paper these techniques are outlined and some applications reviewed:- the analysis of oxide layers on aluminium and steel, the analysis of aluminium-nitride layers produced by MOCVD on gallium arsenide, the analysis of silica fiims (with added boron and phosphorus oxides) on silicon and the analysis of zinc-oxide films on glass.