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To study the effect of posterior lumbar plexus nerve block on anaesthesia and sedation in postmenopausal patients with osteoporotic subtrochanteric femoral comminuted fractures. The research subjects selected 48 patients with postmenopausal osteoporotic subtrochanteric comminuted fractures who were hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022, and were allocated to clusters according to the random number TBL approach. The controlling cluster (24 situations) underwent dura mater Under external anesthesia, the test cluster (24 situations) underwent posterior lumbar plexus block, and the block effect, anesthesia effect, sedation effect, hemodynamics, vital signs and reactions of adverse nature were contrasted involving the two clusters. In comparison to the control group, the test group had a longer duration of anesthesia and motor block, higher oxygenation indices but lower ITBVI, GEDVI, and ScrO2 values, lower MAP levels, and lower BIS contraction values at 5, 15, and 30 minutes following anesthesia (P < 0.05). The test group had shorter induction time and block onset time compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and a lower incidence of adverse reactions (16.67% vs. 29.17% in the control group), but the variation was not noTBL (P < 0.05). Posterior lumbar plexus nerve block in postmenopausal patients with osteoporotic subtrochanteric femoral comminuted fractures has a better sedative effect, shortens the induction time of anaesthesia and the onset of block, promotes sTBL haemodynamic indexes and has fewer adverse effects to ensure safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Compared with the use of ultrasound for noninvasive monitoring of the anesthetic sodium pentobarbital versus tribromoethanol in an animal model of renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: Adult rats were randomly assigned to a renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury model, and preoperative anesthetics were administered as either sodium pentobarbital or tribromoethanol. Color Doppler ultrasound and spectral Doppler ultrasound were used to detect changes in respiratory rate and heart rate during and after the surgery, as well as measure renal hemodynamic parameters including peak systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity, and resistance index. Results: The frequency of changes in respiration and heart rate was significantly higher in the sodium pentobarbital anesthesia group compared to the tribromoethanol anesthesia group. The peak systolic velocity and end‐diastolic velocity values in the sodium pentobarbital anesthesia group were significantly lower than those in the tribromoethanol group. However, the resistance index in the sodium pentobarbital group was higher than that in the tribromoethanol group. Conclusion: Ultrasound can be used to dynamically monitor the effects of anesthesia during the experiment, including changes in respiratory rate and heart rate, as well as semi‐quantitatively monitor hemodynamic changes in the kidneys, which indirectly reflects whole‐body hemodynamic changes in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The superiority between remimazolam and propofol for anesthesia is controversial in elderly patients (≥60 years). This meta‐analysis aimed to systematically compare anesthetic effect and safety profile between remimazolam and propofol in elderly patients under any surgery. Methods: Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched until December 25, 2023 for relevant randomized controlled trials. Results: Ten studies with 806 patients receiving remimazolam (experimental group) and 813 patients receiving propofol (control group) were included. Time to loss of consciousness [standard mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.347 (−0.362, 3.055), p = 0.122] and recovery time [SMD (95% CI): −0.022 (−0.300, 0.257), p = 0.879] were similar between experimental and control groups. Mean arterial pressure at baseline minus 1 min after induction [SMD (95% CI): −1.800 (−3.250, −0.349), p = 0.015], heart rate at baseline minus 1 min after induction [SMD (95% CI): −1.041 (−1.537, −0.545), p < 0.001], incidences of hypoxemia [relative risk (RR) (95% CI): 0.247 (0.138, 0.444), p < 0.001], respiratory depression [RR (95% CI): 0.458 (0.300, 0.700), p < 0.001], bradycardia [RR (95% CI): 0.409 (0.176, 0.954), p = 0.043], hypotension [RR (95% CI): 0.415 (0.241, 0.714), p = 0.007], and injection pain [RR (95% CI): 0.172 (0.113, 0.263), p < 0.001] were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was not different between groups [RR (95% CI): 1.194 (0.829, 1.718), p = 0.341]. Moreover, this meta‐analysis displayed a low risk of bias, minimal publication bias, and good robustness. Conclusion: Remimazolam shows comparative anesthetic effect and better safety profile than propofol in elderly patients under any surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local anesthesia is essential in dental practices, particularly for managing pain in tooth socket wounds, yet improving drug delivery systems remains a significant challenge. This study explored the physicochemical characteristics of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) incorporated into a polyelectrolyte complex and poloxamer thermosensitivity hydrogel, assessing its local anesthetic efficacy in mouse models and its onset and duration of action as topical anesthetics in clinical trials. The thermoresponsive hydrogel exhibited a rapid phase transition within 1–3 minutes and demonstrated pseudo-plastic flow behavior. Its release kinetics followed Korsmeyer-Peppas, with 50% of biodegradation occurring over 48 h. In mouse models, certain thermogels showed superior anesthetic effects, with rapid onset and prolonged action, as evidenced by heat tolerance in tail-flick and hot plate models. In clinical trials, the LH-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel provided rapid numbness onset, with anesthesia (Ton) beginning at an average of 46.5 ± 22.5 seconds and lasting effectively (Teff) for 202.5 ± 41.0 seconds, ranging from 120 to 240 seconds, indicating sustained release. These results highlight the promising properties of these formulations: rapid onset, prolonged duration, mucoadhesion, biodegradability, and high anesthesia effectiveness. This study demonstrates the potential for advancing local anesthesia across various medical fields, emphasizing the synergy between material science and clinical applications to improve patient care and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of varying ropivacaine concentrations in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) on anesthetic efficacy and sedation in patients with lower abdominal obesity. Methods: 110 patients with lower abdominal obesity who received CSEA in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Lin 'an District, Hangzhou, China from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into a low-concentration group (LC group, n = 49) which received 0.3 % ropivacaine, and a high-concentration group (HC group, n = 61) which received 0.5 % ropivacaine. Changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) scores in both groups were analyzed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after surgery. Results: The LC group showed significantly higher static and dynamic VAS scores than HC group at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after surgery. Furthermore, HC group demonstrated significantly shorter (p < 0.05) onset times for sensory and motor blocks, longer sensory and motor recovery times, and lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) level 10 min after administration compared to the LC group. However, MAP levels 30 min after administration were similar to baseline levels in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: High-concentration ropivacaine in CSEA offers superior post-operative analgesia, and improves patient satisfaction without increasing adverse reactions in patients with lower abdominal obesity. Further studies using larger sample size and longer duration of investigation are required to strengthen the validity of these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the anesthetic effect of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients with lung cancer combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its effect on stress response and auxiliary T (Th) 1 and Th2 cytokines. 100 elderly patients with lung cancer combine with COPD who underwent lobectomy in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 were divided into control group and treatment group by random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. Control group received routine anesthesia, and treatment group received dexmedetomidine on the basis in control group. The pulmonary dynamic compliance, oxygenation index, stress response index, Th1 and Th2 cytokines were compared in two groups, and the incidence of complications in two groups was recorded after operation. The pulmonary dynamic compliance and oxygenation index in treatment group were higher than those in control group at 30 min (T2) to the end of operation (T4) (P<0.05). The levels of cortisol (Cor), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in treatment group were lower than those in control group 1 day after operation (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in treatment group were lower than those in control group 1 day after operation (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of complications in two groups after operation (P>0.05) Dexmedetomidine has a good anesthetic effect on elderly patients with lung cancer combined with COPD, which can improve lung compliance, maintain stable oxygenation index, reduce the body's stress response, and effectively regulate Th1 and Th2 cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to synthesize hybrid molecules starting from 2,6‐diisopropyl aniline (1), which is similar to Propofol (2,6‐diisopropyl phenol), by increasing its biological activity with other heterocycles and to determine the anesthetic activity of the obtained compounds. For this purpose, commercially available 2,6‐diisopropylaniline (1) was used as a starting compound. Then, ester (2), hydrazide (3), carbothioamide (5, 6) and Schiff bases derivatives (4 a–f) were synthesized, respectively. To achieve the etomidate‐like target compound 8, compound 7 containing chloroacetamide group was firstly synthesized from starting compound 1, and this compound reacted with ethyl‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carboxylate. The structures of the newyl synthesized 12 compounds were characterized and confirmed by FT‐IR, MALDI‐TOF/MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR. Within the scope of in silico study, ligand binding status of all compounds on the GABAA receptor was revealed. Molecular docking studies of them with GABAA found out that the interaction modes, including van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, and pi‐pi interactions, are similar to that of the cocrystalline ligand Propofol. For the compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 d, 5, 7 have micromolar (μM) level, for the compounds 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 e, 4 f, 6 and 8 have nanomolar (nM) level of inhibition has been estimated. When all data such as active localization, interacting residues, bond types formed, estimated Ki values, docking scores are evaluated together, compounds 1, 2, 3 and 7 which can be considered as synthesis starting or intermediate material, may be less effective. On the other hand the anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated against A549 (non‐small cell lung carcinoma) and BEAS‐2B cell line (normal bronchial epithelial) cell lines using Resazurin cell viability assay. It has been revealed that the compounds 4, 5, 6 and 8 may be more active in terms of anesthetic activity, whereas only compound 6 showed anti‐cancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to compare the anesthetic effects of remimazolam tosilate and propofol in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. The study group received remimazolam tosilate in combination with sufentanil and cisatracurium besilate for anesthesia induction, while the control group received propofol with sufentanil and cisatracurium besilate. In the study group, the eyelash reflex disappearance time was longer and the recovery time was shorter compared to the control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) retention time and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at 24 hours post-operation between the groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the study group exhibited a lower decrease in Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) at 1, 3 and 5 minutes after anesthesia induction (p<0.05). After losing consciousness, there was no statistically significant difference in HR decrease between both groups (p > 0.05). The study group also had higher respiratory rate (RR) and Tidal volume (VT) levels, with a lower incidence of apnea compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Thirty minutes before anesthesia, no significant differences were found in the five indicators between the groups (p>0.05). At 24 hours post-operation, the study group showed higher Cluster of Differentiation 3+ (CD3+), CD4+, natural killer (NK) cell levels and CD4+/CD8+ ratios compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, at 72 hours post-operation, no statistically significant differences were observed in these five indicators between the groups (p > 0.05). Compared with propofol, remimazolam tosilate achieves rapid sedation, maintains adequate sedation, and reduces suppression of the respiratory and circulatory systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the optimal dose of dexmedetomidine as a 0.59% ropivacaine adjuvant for epidural anesthesia on perioperative hemodynamics and anesthesia efficacy in patients undergoing great saphenous varicose vein surgery.MethodsA total of 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups: 0.25 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.59% ropivacaine epidural infusion group (ED1 group), 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.59% ropivacaine epidural infusion group (ED2 group), and 0.75 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.59% ropivacaine epidural infusion group (ED3 group). Hemodynamics, anesthesia efficiency, and adverse reactions were recorded.Main resultsCompared with the ED1 group, the ED2 group had lower systolic blood pressure at T1-3 (T1, 95%CIs, 6.52–21.93, p 0.05). Compared with the ED1 group, the anesthesia efficiency of ED2 and ED3 groups was markedly enhanced, but the risk of bradycardia in ED2 and ED3 groups was dramatically increased (6 of 28 [21.4%] vs. 14 of 30 [46.7%] and 14 of 27 [51.9%], p = 0.023), one patient in the ED3 group experienced difficulty urinating, and remaining adverse reactions were mild in all three groups.ConclusionA measure of 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine is the optimal dose as a 0.59% ropivacaine adjuvant for epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing great saphenous varicose vein surgery.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/, registration number: ChiCTR2200060619.

Objective: The effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics and pain level in patients with cerebral infarction were analyzed. Methods: A total of 90 patients with cerebral infarction who underwent interventional surgery in our hospital from June 2019 to December 2022 were selected for the study, and 30 patients with intraoperative adjuvant use of normal saline were included in the control group, and 30 patients with adjuvant use of 0.2 μg·kg-1 dexmedetomidine were included in the low-dose group. Thirty patients receiving 0.6 μg·kg-1 dexmedetomidine were included in the high-dose group. Respiratory recovery time, orientation recovery time, extubation time and incidence of adverse reactions were recorded in the three groups. The hemodynamics [mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR)] and pain factors [serum Substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] of the three groups were measured at the time of entry (T0), 30 minutes after surgery (T1), after surgery (T3), and 12 hours after surgery (T4). Results: There was no significant difference in respiratory recovery time, orientation recovery time and extubation time among the three groups (P＞0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of MAP, HR, SBP and DBP in the low-dose and high-dose groups at T1 and T2 were lower. Compared with the low-dose group, the levels of MAP, HR, SBP and DBP in the high-dose group at T1 and T2 were lower (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of SP and 5-HT in T1, T2 and T3 periods were lower in low-dose and high-dose groups. Compared with low-dose group, the levels of SP and 5-HT in T1, T2 and T3 periods in high-dose group were lower (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Both high-dose and low-dose dexmedetomidine can help stabilize hemodynamics and relieve pain in patients with cerebral infarction undergoing interventional therapy, and the effect of high-dose dexmedetomidine is more obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective To explore the effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) on the anesthetic effect, plasma concentration, and postoperative recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods A total of 60 cases of elderly patients aged 65 to 75 years who underwent elective multilevel spinal surgery were assigned randomly into the ANH group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Hemodynamic and blood gas analysis indexes were observed and recorded before ANH (T1), after ANH (T2), immediately after postoperative autologous blood transfusion (T3), 10 min (T4), 20 min (T5), 30 min (T6), 40 min (T7), and 50 min (T8) after the transfusion, and at the end of the transfusion (i.e., 60 min; T9). At T3 ~ 9, bispectral index (BIS) and train-of-four (TOF) stimulation were recorded and the plasma propofol/cisatracurium concentration was determined. The extubation time and recovery quality were recorded. Results The ANH group presented a lower MAP value and a higher SVV value at T2, and shorter extubation and orientation recovery time (P 0.05). Conclusion During orthopedic surgery, the plasma concentration of elderly patients is increased after autologous blood transfusion of ANH, and the depth of anesthesia and muscle relaxant effect are strengthened, thus leading to delayed recovery of respiratory function and extubation.

This study explores the applicability of general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway in painless bronchoscopy and its impact on the sense of comfort and satisfaction. Using the random number table method, we divided 101 elderly patients with respiratory disease who underwent bronchoscopy into two groups, with one group receiving intravenous general anesthesia (IVGA) and the other group receiving laryngeal mask airway general anesthesia (LMAGA). Their vital signs, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2), were compared and we also examined their perioperative adverse effects and assessed the sense of comfort and satisfaction. There were no significant differences in vital signs, including HR, MAP and SpO2, between the two groups before anesthesia (T0). However, at T1 and T2, the HR of patients in the LMAGA group was significantly lower than that of the IVGA group. Additionally, the MAP and SpO2 levels in the LMAGA group were significantly higher than those in the IVGA group. The LMAGA group also demonstrated significantly shorter surgical duration and faster recovery from anesthesia than the IVGA group. Furthermore, the LMAGA group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of adverse effects and a notable increase in comfort and satisfaction compared to the IVGA group. LMAGA demonstrates a significant anesthetic effect in painless bronchoscopy, effectively improving the patient's vital signs, reducing the duration of the operation and anesthetic recovery time, lowering the occurrence of perioperative adverse reactions, and enhancing the overall sense of comfort and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) on the anesthetic effect, plasma concentration, and postoperative recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: A total of 60 cases of elderly patients aged 65 to 75 years who underwent elective multilevel spinal surgery were assigned randomly into the ANH group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Hemodynamic and blood gas analysis indexes were observed and recorded before ANH (T1), after ANH (T2), immediately after postoperative autologous blood transfusion (T3), 10 min (T4), 20 min (T5), 30 min (T6), 40 min (T7), and 50 min (T8) after the transfusion, and at the end of the transfusion (i.e., 60 min; T9). At T3 ~ 9, bispectral index (BIS) and train-of-four (TOF) stimulation were recorded and the plasma propofol/cisatracurium concentration was determined. The extubation time and recovery quality were recorded. Results: The ANH group presented a lower MAP value and a higher SVV value at T2, and shorter extubation and orientation recovery time (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. BIS values at T8 and T9 were lower in the ANH group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). TOF values at T7 ~ 9 were lower in the ANH group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative plasma concentrations of propofol and cisatracurium between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: During orthopedic surgery, the plasma concentration of elderly patients is increased after autologous blood transfusion of ANH, and the depth of anesthesia and muscle relaxant effect are strengthened, thus leading to delayed recovery of respiratory function and extubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the anesthetic efficacy and safety of remimazolam in painless gastrointestinal en‑ doscopy for obese patients. Methods Eighty obese patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled and then were randomly divided into two groups: the remimazolam group and the propofol group, with 40 in each. The peripheral intravenous access was established. Fentanyl was injected intravenously for analgesic pretreatment, patients in the remazolam group were given 5 mg remimazolam, and patients in the propofol group were given 1. 5 mg/kg propofol medium/long-chain fat emulsion injection, and anesthetic drugs were added according to the situation during the operation. We monitored the intraoperative vital signs, including mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2 )]. Hypoxia, apnea and subclinical respiratory depression were recorded. The Ramsay Sedation Scale was em‑ ployed to assess the anesthesia effect. Anesthesia time, duration of endoscopic procedure, and postoperative recovery time were recorded. The adverse events such as coughing, nausea, vomiting, movement, injection pain, and hypotension were also recorded. Results Both groups achieved Ramsay scores of 4 to 6, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P>0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in sedation time or duration of endoscopic procedure be‑ tween the two groups (both P<0. 05). However, the postoperative recovery time was significantly shorter in the remimazolam group in comparison with that of the propofol group (P<0. 01). No statistically significant differences were observed in pre-anesthetic and post-awakening MAP, HR, and SpO2 between the two groups (all P>0. 05). In comparison with the remimazolam group, the propofol group exhibited decreased intraoperative MAP and SpO2 (both P<0. 05), with no significant change in HR (P>0. 05). During the painless gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure, the remimazolam group demon‑ strated lower incidences of hypoxia, respiratory pauses, and subclinical respiratory depression than the propofol group (all P<0. 05). Compared with the propofol group, the remimazolam group exhibited lower rates of nausea, vomiting, movement, and injection pain, as well as hypotension (all P<0. 05). The incidence of coughing did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion The utilization of remimazolam for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy in obese patients yields favorable anesthesia efficacy and safety, and can reduce the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate the anesthetic effect among adult male patients with the single use of compound lidocaine cream in device-assisted circumcision, hoping to provide an anesthetic method for the simplification of the surgical process. Methods: Male adult patients undergoing device-assisted circumcision through prepuce local anesthesia using lidocaine cream in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2020 to August 2021 were selected. According to different age groups and different surgical procedures, the anesthetic effect of compound lidocaine cream was analyzed considering the aspects of anesthetic cost, anesthetic time, anesthetic duration, anesthetic effect, anesthetic side effects and anesthetic satisfaction. Results: In the study, 99.1% of 649 patients needed only 1 application of compound lidocaine cream to complete the operation. The time taken for anesthesia was short; the whole anesthesia process only required approximately 2–5 min. However, for patients with severe phimosis, the time to complete the anesthesia procedure was correspondingly longer. The pain degree caused by anesthesia was low, and the patients with a pain score of ≤3 points accounted for 96.7%. The anesthetic effect lasted for a sufficiently long period, and the time of algesia recovery from local anesthesia was almost 1 h after surgery. The anesthesia effect was sufficient, and patients with an intraoperative pain score of ≤3 accounted for 98.7%, which could meet the surgical requirements. There were few side effects of the anesthesia. The overwhelming majority of patients were pleased with the anesthesia, and 98.9% of patients had an anesthesia satisfaction score of ≥7. Conclusion: The compound lidocaine cream, as a local anesthetic, is safe and effective for most adult male device-assisted circumcisions. More useful information needs to be corroborated by more advanced evidence, especially for severe phimosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anaesthetic effect of vanillin on crucian carp was investigated using different concentrations of vanillin, with a nonvanillin control. The effective concentration range of vanillin anaesthesia was determined from the behavioural characteristics of crucian carp during the anaesthesia onset and recovery phases. Physiological and biochemical indices, and the electronic nose response to the fish muscle, were measured over the range of effectiveanaestheticc concentrations. An increased concentration of vanillin shortened the time taken to achieve deep anaesthesia but increased the recovery time. The levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobinn, platelets, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, total protein, and serum albumin were lower than the control in the vanillin treatment group. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were not significantly affected. Histology showed no effect of vanillin on the liver, except at 1.00 g/L vanillin. Vanillin resulted in a nondose-responsive effect on the gill tissue, increasing the width and spacing of the gill lamellae. E-Nose analysis of the carp-muscle flavour volatiles was able to distinguish between different vanillin treatment concentrations. GC-IMS identified 40 flavour compounds, including 8 aldehydes, 11 alcohols, 10 ketones, 2 esters, and 1 furan. Vanillin had aanaestheticic effect on crucian carp and these findings provide a theoretical basis for improving the transport and experimental manipulation of crucian carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the anesthetic effect of dexmedetomidine combined with different anesthesia depth in elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement (THA), and to analyze the risk factors of postoperative delirium. Methods: 130 elderly patients with THA who were admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to January 2022 were selected. According to the anesthesia consciousness depth, the patients were divided into groups A, B and C, among group A had 41 cases, the EEG bispectral index (BIS) value was 40-49. The group B had 43 cases, the BIS value was 50-59. The group C had 46 cases, the BIS value was 60-69. The anesthetic effects in the three groups were observed, included the waking quality, occurrence of postoperative delirium and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Patients were divided into delirium group and non-delirium group according to the occurrence of postoperative delirium. Clinical data of patients were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with THA. Results: The recovery time of spontaneous breathing and the time from the start of call to eye opening in the group A and group B were shorter than those in the group C, andthe group B was shorter than the group A (P<0.05). The incidence of anaesthetic adverse reactions in the group B was lower than that in the group A and group C(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of anaesthetic adverse reactions between group A and group C (P>0.05). The incidence of delirium in the group B was lower than that in the group A and group C (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in delirium incidence between group A and group C (P>0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that: the occurrence of postoperative delirium was correlated with age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, coronary heart disease, intraoperative blood loss, blood sodium concentration, postoperative hypoxemia, preoperative combined with hypoproteinemia, preoperative anxiety, anesthesia time and postoperative anemia (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher age, postoperative anemia, lower body mass index, lower blood sodium concentration, more intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hypoxemia, longer anesthesia time and preoperative combined with hypoproteinemia were risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with THA (P<0.05). Conclusion: When BIS value is 50~59, dexmedetomidine combined with dexmedetomidine in the treatment of elderly patients with THA can obtain better anesthetic effect and reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium and adverse reactions. In addition, age, postoperative anemia, body mass index, blood sodium concentration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hypoxemia, anesthesia time, preoperative combined with hypoproteinemia are all influencing factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with THA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the effects of four common anesthetics on cardiac function test in pressure overload-induced heart failure mice. Methods Eight-week-old male C57/BL6 mice (n=120) with a body weight of 20~25 g were selected to establish a mouse model of heart failure by transthoracic aortic coarctation (TAC). Mice were randomly divided into two parts. In the first part, 60 mice were randowly divided into four groups (n=15) and anesthetized with four different anesthetics (isoflurane, sodium pentobarbital, ketamine and tribromoethanol), respectively, to compare the effects of 4 different anesthetics on cardiac function evaluation in mice with heart failure. There were 9 groups in the second part. Each group had 4 mice from the first to the third group, and there were 8 mice in the rest of 3 groups. Mice were anesthetized with different concentrations of isoflurane and tribromoethane to compare the effects of different concentration gradient. Results All four anesthetics may lead to the death of mice with heart failure during the anesthesia induction stage, and the proportion of anesthetized death in mice with heart failure caused by isoflurane was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). The cardiac function of the mice with heart failure was reduced, and the time of awakening from the anaesthetic was longer than that of the normal mice. Among them, isoflurane had the least effect on the heart rate of mice with heart failure, the ventricular function parameters were higher than the other groups' (P < 0.05) and the time of awakening from anesthetic was shorter than that of other groups (P < 0.05). Results showed that the lower concentration of anesthetics have less effect on cardiac EF value. And 1% isoflurane or 0.15 mL/10 g tribromoethanol had no effect on the cardiac EF value. Conclusion All four anesthetics could affect the heart rate and cardiac function evaluation of mice with heart failure, and even lead to death. Inhaled isoflurane has significantly better anesthesia effect and safety than other injectable anesthetics in anesthetizing heart failure mice.

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Clinically, pentothal sodium has been widely used for primary and general anesthesia induction. Also, it has been used to effectively inhibit convulsion. Pentothal sodium has a strong inhibitory effect on the respiratory center, excessive drug administration, and rapid dose rate that cause death of experimental animals on the respiratory depression. This study used a modified pentothal sodium solution to investigate its anesthetic effect. The pentothal sodium solution was modified based on pentothal sodium upon additions of magnesium sulfate, propylene glycol, and pure ethanol. The anesthetic effect of the modified pentothal sodium on Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats was investigated by comparing traditional pentothal sodium and ketamine; 60 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was treated with traditional pentothal sodium, modified pentothal sodium, or ketamine, respectively, via intraperitoneal injection. The symptoms of experimental rats were observed, and onset time and anesthetic time were both recorded. The data were analyzed using statistical software. There were no significant differences in onset time and anesthetic time between the three groups. The variation of onset time and anesthetic time of the group treated with modified pentothal sodium was shorter than that of the other two groups. Furthermore, the number of anesthetic rats after the first injection was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. The modified pentothal sodium is capable of providing a stable anesthetic effect. The function and effect are much better than traditional pentothal sodium and ketamine.

To investigate the anesthetic effect of different dosages of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of colon cancer, and to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative delirium. 160 cases of elderly patients undergoing radical resection of colon cancer who were treated in our hospital from April 2019 to January 2021 were selected, and they were randomly divided into group A (53 cases), group B (53 cases) and group C (54 cases) according to the random number table method. Group A and group B were given 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine before induction of anesthesia, and at a rate of 0.2 μg/kg·h by intravenous infusion to 30 min before the end of operation. Group A was given dexmedetomidine 0.05 μg/kg·h during postoperative analgesia. Group C was given normal saline of equal volume and equal rate. The stress response, anesthetic effect, incidence of adverse reactions and incidence of delirium were observed in the three groups. They were divided into delirium group (n=28) and no delirium group (n=132) according to whether occurrence of delirium. Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative delirium. The C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), dopamine and adrenaline in the three groups at 3 d after operation were increased compared with those at the end of operation (P<0.05). CRP, IL-6, dopamine and epinephrine in the group A and the group B at 3 d after operation were lower than those in group C (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in CRP, IL-6, dopamine and adrenaline between group A and group B at 3 d after operation (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions in the group A, group B and group C (P>0.05). The incidence of delirium in the group B was significantly lower than that in the group A and the group C (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of delirium between group A and group C (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of postoperative delirium was related to age, preoperative depression, the number of preoperative combined basic diseases, intraoperative hypoxemia, PaCO2 after pneumoperitoneum and albumin (P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative depression, age ≥ 70 years, the number of preoperative combined basic diseases ≥ 3, intraoperative hypoxemia, high PaCO2 after pneumoperitoneum and low albumin were the risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of colon cancer (P<0.05). The low dose dexmedetomidine assisted anesthesia can improve the anesthetic effect of elderly patients undergoing radical resection of colon cancer, and reduce the incidence of delirium. Meanwhile, preoperative depression, age ≥ 70 years, the number of preoperative combined basic diseases ≥ 3, intraoperative hypoxemia, high PaCO2 after pneumoperitoneum and low albumin are the risk factors for occurrence of delirium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Aquaculture is an important source of animal protein. However, in recent years, with an intensification of farming, the risk of infectious diseases is increasing, especially the diseases caused by monogeneans, resulting in huge economic losses to aquaculture. Currently, the prevention and control of monogenean in fish mainly rely on some chemical drugs, such as formaldehyde, rotenone, and praziquantel. However, prolonged and frequent use of these chemicals leads to the occurrence of drug resistance, some adverse environmental impacts, and even contamination of fish products with drug residues. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient and environment-friendly drugs for the control of monogeneans in aquaculture. Natural plant-derived medicines are one of the alternative options. Therefore, in this study, anthelmintic efficacy of various essential oils was evaluated. The results indicated that palmarosa oil and curcuma oil showed potent anthelmintic activity against monogenean, and curcuma oil also had an anesthetic effect on monogenean. Moreover, these two essential oils displayed a high safety for fish. Therefore, palmarosa oil and curcuma oil could be viable alternatives for the prevention and control of monogenean infection in aquaculture. Monogeneans are a serious threat to the development of aquaculture due to the severe economic losses they cause. The prevention and treatment of this disease are increasingly difficult because of the environmental and health concerns caused by the use of chemical anthelmintics and the emergence of drug resistance. It is thus necessary to search for effective alternatives for the treatment of monogenean infections. In the current study, anthelmintic efficacy of 16 selected essential oils (EOs) was investigated using the goldfish (Carassius auratus)–Gyrodactylus kobayashii model. The screening experiment indicated that palmarosa oil and curcuma oil had satisfactory anthelmintic activity against G. kobayashii with EC100 values of 10 and 12 mg/L after 24-h exposure, respectively. The in vivo and in vitro assays indicated anthelmintic efficacy of palmarosa oil against G. kobayashii was in a time and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, curcuma oil showed an anesthetic effect on G. kobayashii, and its anthelmintic activity was dose-dependent rather than time-dependent in the concentration range tested in this study. Additionally, the 24-h LC50 (50% lethal concentration) against goldfish of these two EOs was 8.19-fold and 5.54-fold higher than their corresponding EC50 (50% effective concentration) against G. kobayashii, respectively. Moreover, exposure to these two EOs at 100% effective concentration against G. kobayashii had no serious physiological and histopathological influence on goldfish. These results demonstrated a high safety for goldfish of these two EOs. Overall, palmarosa oil and curcuma oil could be potential candidates for the treatment of G. kobayashii infections in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The anesthetic efficacy of two kinds of natural anesthetic Clove (Eugenia caryophyllatata) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) powders were evaluated on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for handling and health management experiments. The concentrations of anesthetics were assessed by using two types of clove and tobacco anesthetics; each with three replicates for measuring induction times to anesthesia. Concentrations of 100, 200, 250, and 350 mg/l at the ratio 1:1 of the aqueous extract of both Clove (Eugenia caryophyllatata) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) to evaluate their effect on common carp anesthesia were used. The aqueous extract anesthetized fish partially in the high levels. No significant differences appeared on blood glucose, ALP, ALT and AST among different levels of the anesthesia concentrations used. As the anesthesia concentration increased, the Red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin decreased.

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic effect of butorphanol with different doses in patients undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Methods 480 patients undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy were recruited and randomly divided into four groups to receive different doses of butorphanol (Group A = 2.5 μg/kg, Group B = 5 μg/kg, Group C = 7.5 μg/kg and Group D = 10 μg/kg). Butorphanol was administered 5 min before propofol infusion. The primary outcome was the incidence of body movement. Secondary outcomes were postoperative recovery time, length of stay in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), the total dose of propofol, and the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia, propofol injection pain, cough, postoperative nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, and dizziness. Results The incidence of body movement and the dose of propofol in Group C and D were lower than those in Group A and B (P

The anaesthetic effect of vanillin on crucian carp was investigated using different concentrations of vanillin, with a nonvanillin control. The effective concentration range of vanillin anaesthesia was determined from the behavioural characteristics of crucian carp during the anaesthesia onset and recovery phases. Physiological and biochemical indices, and the electronic nose response to the fish muscle, were measured over the range of effectiveanaestheticc concentrations. An increased concentration of vanillin shortened the time taken to achieve deep anaesthesia but increased the recovery time. The levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobinn, platelets, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, total protein, and serum albumin were lower than the control in the vanillin treatment group. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were not significantly affected. Histology showed no effect of vanillin on the liver, except at 1.00 g/L vanillin. Vanillin resulted in a nondose-responsive effect on the gill tissue, increasing the width and spacing of the gill lamellae. E-Nose analysis of the carp-muscle flavour volatiles was able to distinguish between different vanillin treatment concentrations. GC-IMS identified 40 flavour compounds, including 8 aldehydes, 11 alcohols, 10 ketones, 2 esters, and 1 furan. Vanillin had aanaestheticic effect on crucian carp and these findings provide a theoretical basis for improving the transport and experimental manipulation of crucian carp.

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to make a comparison of the anesthetic effects of the inside and outside fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to study the effect of the different approaches of the FICB on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and serum inflammatory cytokines in THA patients.MethodsA total of 60 patients who received THA treatment from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into two groups, namely, Inside group (inside approach of the FICB) and Outside group (outside approach of the FICB), according to the different approaches of the FICB. Forty-eight hours after surgery, we compared the use of ropacaine dosage, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, the incidence of POCD, and the serum levels of IL-1, IL-6. Secondary indicators include surgical indicators and the quality of anesthesia cannula.ResultsThe ratio of re-fix the catheter, intubation time, and the use of ropacaine dosage at 48 h after surgery in the Outside group were significantly higher than that in the Inside group (p

Objective: To investigate the effects of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil intravenous inhalation anesthesia on anesthesia, hemodynamics and inflammatory factors in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods: A total of 120 patients with acute cholecystitis laparoscopic surgery who were admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected and divided into control group (60 cases with propofol combined with remifentanil) and observation group according to the envelope drawing method. 60 cases (sevoflurane combined with remifentanil) were compared between the two groups for anesthesia effect, hemodynamics, inflammatory factors and adverse reactions. Results: There was no significant difference in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the observation group at the end of the operation (T5) and before anesthesia (T1) (P>0.05). The observation group was 1 min after intubation (T2). HR and MAP at ~T5 time point were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the two groups were higher than those before operation 1 day and 3 days after operation., 3 days after operation CRP, IL-6, TNF-α were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The spontaneous breathing recovery time, orientation recovery time, eye opening time and speech response time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane combined with remifentanil in patients with acute cholecystitis laparoscopic surgery has good anesthesia effect, can stabilize the hemodynamics of patients, reduce inflammatory stress and has good safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol intravenous anesthesia in laparoscopic day surgery in pediatric urology. Methods: Eighty male children with cryptorchidism and hydrocele who underwent laparoscopic daytime surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Children in the experimental group ranged in age from 5.7 to 11.3, with an average of 8.52±2.17 years old, while those in the control group ranged in age from 5.3 to 12.0, with an average of 8.60±2.07 years old. There were 12 cases of cryptorchidism and 28 cases of hydrocele in the experimental group, and 14 cases of cryptorchidism and 26 cases of hydrocele in the control group. Children in the control group received conventional propofol intravenous combined anesthesia, while those in the experimental group were given dexmedetomidine (2-5 ug/kg) intranasally on the basis of conventional propofol intravenous anesthesia. The anesthetic effect, analgesic effect, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines before and after surgery and adverse drug reactions in the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The awakening time, extubation time and retention time in the resuscitation room of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05); The VAS pain scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 15minutes, 12hour and 24hour after awakening, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the levels of TNF-a, CRP, IL-6 and other inflammatory factors in the control group were significantly higher compared with those in the experimental group 24h after surgery, with a statistical significance (TNF-a, P=0.02; CRP, P=0.00; IL-6, P=0.03); The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was 17.5%, while that in the control group was 12.5%, which was not statistically significant (P=0.53). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine combined with intravenous propofol anesthesia may be helpful to shorten the extubation time, the recovery time and the stay time in the anesthesia resuscative room, improve the analgesic effect, and may reduce the inflammatory response and the expression of serum inflammatory cytokines, with no significant increase in side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinically, pentothal sodium has been widely used for primary and general anesthesia induction. Also, it has been used to effectively inhibit convulsion. Pentothal sodium has a strong inhibitory effect on the respiratory center, excessive drug administration, and rapid dose rate that cause death of experimental animals on the respiratory depression. This study used a modified pentothal sodium solution to investigate its anesthetic effect. The pentothal sodium solution was modified based on pentothal sodium upon additions of magnesium sulfate, propylene glycol, and pure ethanol. The anesthetic effect of the modified pentothal sodium on Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats was investigated by comparing traditional pentothal sodium and ketamine; 60 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was treated with traditional pentothal sodium, modified pentothal sodium, or ketamine, respectively, via intraperitoneal injection. The symptoms of experimental rats were observed, and onset time and anesthetic time were both recorded. The data were analyzed using statistical software. There were no significant differences in onset time and anesthetic time between the three groups. The variation of onset time and anesthetic time of the group treated with modified pentothal sodium was shorter than that of the other two groups. Furthermore, the number of anesthetic rats after the first injection was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. The modified pentothal sodium is capable of providing a stable anesthetic effect. The function and effect are much better than traditional pentothal sodium and ketamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to explore the optimal dose of dexmedetomidine as a 0.59% ropivacaine adjuvant for epidural anesthesia on perioperative hemodynamics and anesthesia efficacy in patients undergoing great saphenous varicose vein surgery., Methods: A total of 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups: 0.25 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.59% ropivacaine epidural infusion group (ED 1 group), 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.59% ropivacaine epidural infusion group (ED 2 group), and 0.75 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.59% ropivacaine epidural infusion group (ED 3 group). Hemodynamics, anesthesia efficiency, and adverse reactions were recorded., Main Results: Compared with the ED 1 group, the ED 2 group had lower systolic blood pressure at T 1-3 (T 1 , 95%CIs, 6.52-21.93, p  < 0.001; T 2 , 95%CIs, 2.88-18.21, p  = 0.004; T 3 , 95%CIs, 0.49-18.17, p  = 0.035), and the diastolic blood pressure at T 1-2 was decreased (T 1 , 95%CIs, 4.55-14.36, p  < 0.001; T 2 , 95%CIs, 0.37-12.17, p  = 0.033). Compared with the ED 2 group, the ED 3 group had higher systolic blood pressure at T 1-2 (T 1 , 95%CIs, 5.90-21.46, p  < 0.001; T 2 , 95%CIs, 2.07-17.55, p  = 0.008) and higher diastolic blood pressure at T 1-3 (T 1 , 95%CIs, 2.91-12.81, p  = 0.001; T 2 , 95%CIs, 1.32-13.23, p  = 0.011; T 3 , 95%CIs, 0.14-11.52, p  = 0.043). Compared with the ED 2 group, the heart rate was significantly decreased at T 1-4 in the ED 3 group (T 1 , 95%CIs, 2.25-15.72, p  = 0.005; T 2 , 95%CIs, 2.35-13.82, p  = 0.003; T 3 , 95%CIs, 0.50-9.79, p  = 0.025; T 4 , 95%CIs, 1.46-10.36, p  = 0.005). The myocardial oxygen consumption in all three groups was significantly decreased at each time point compared to T 0 ( p  < 0.05 or < 0.001), and no significant between-group differences were detected ( P >0.05). Compared with the ED 1 group, the anesthesia efficiency of ED 2 and ED 3 groups was markedly enhanced, but the risk of bradycardia in ED 2 and ED 3 groups was dramatically increased (6 of 28 [21.4%] vs. 14 of 30 [46.7%] and 14 of 27 [51.9%], p  = 0.023), one patient in the ED 3 group experienced difficulty urinating, and remaining adverse reactions were mild in all three groups., Conclusion: A measure of 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine is the optimal dose as a 0.59% ropivacaine adjuvant for epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing great saphenous varicose vein surgery., Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/, registration number: ChiCTR2200060619., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zeng, Li, Xu, Ye, Li and Wang.)

Background: Radical laparoscopic gastrectomy is an important treatment modality for gastric cancer. Surgery requires general anesthesia, and patients are susceptible to the effects of anesthetic drugs and carbon dioxide insufflation during the procedure, leading to inflammation or severe pain, which can affect patient outcome., Aim: To explore the efficacy of combining dexmedetomidine (DEX) with nalbuphine in patients underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer., Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were selected and randomly assigned to A or B group. In A group, patients received an intravenous injection of nalbuphine 0.2 mg/kg + DEX 0.4 μg/kg 10 min before the end of surgery; in B group, patients received only an intravenous injection of nalbuphine. The trends in hemodynamic parameter fluctuations, awakening quality during the recovery period, serum inflammatory markers, agitation scores, cough severity, incidence, and duration of postoperative delirium (POD) were compared., Results: The mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the A group were more stable ( P < 0.05). The A group had a lower average awakening time, extubation time, and agitation scores during recovery than the B group. Agitation control in the A group was more effective at different time points ( P < 0.05). Patients in the A group had lower serum interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and IL-10 levels at 1 h after surgery than the B group. The incidence of coughing and duration of POD were lower and shorter in the A group than in the B group. Adverse reactions caused by the two anesthesia methods were less frequent in the A group than in the B group ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The use of DEX and nalbuphine in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer help reducing the inflammatory response, cough severity, and agitation and helps maintain hemodynamic stability., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to report., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To study the clinical effectiveness of a combination of propofol and etomidate as pediatric anesthesia, and its influence on some vital factors in the patients. Methods: A total of 104 children who underwent appendectomy, hepatobiliary surgery and excision of bone tumor in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China from June 2018 to June 2020, were selected for this retrospective study. The patients were divided into groups A, B and C. In group A, 40 patients received the combination of propofol and etomidate, 32 patients received propofol only, while group C comprised 32 patients who received etomidate only. Vital indices such as anesthesia induction time, wake-up time after surgery, anesthetic effect, and adverse reactions were determined. Results: In group A, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were improved; anesthesia induction time and wake-up time after surgery were shorter, and anesthetic effect was more obvious in children with grades I and II. However, there was no grade III anesthetic effect, although there was a lower incidence of adverse reactions in this group. Conclusion: The use of a combination of propofol and etomidate results in higher clinical efficacy of pediatric anesthesia than either propofol or etomidate alone. Furthermore, the combination produces better quality of vital indices in the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has an anesthetic activity but its water insoluble property limits its clinical applications. The aim of the present study was to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of AGO (SNEDDS-AGO) to avoid the use of organic solvent and investigate AGO transportation pathway and anesthetic activity. Three optimized formulations from a contour plots of droplet size; SNEDDS-AGO-1, SNEDDS-AGO-2, and SNEDDS-AGO-3, composed of AGO, Miglyol 812, Cremophor RH 40, Capmul MCM EP, and ethanol at the ratios of 40:10:35:10:5, 40:20:15:20:5, and 60:10:15:10:5, respectively were selected as they possessed different droplet size of 62 ± 0.5, 107 ± 2.8, and 207 ± 4.3 nm, respectively. It was found that the droplet size played an important role in fish anesthesia. SNEDDS-AGO-3 showed the longest anesthetic induction time (270 sec) (p < 0.03). Transportation pathway and skin permeation of SNEDDS-AGO-2 were investigated using nile red labelled AGO and detected by fluorescence microscope. AGO was found mostly in brain, gills, and skin suggesting that the transportation pathway of AGO in zebrafish is passing through the gills and skin to the brain. SNEDDS-AGO formulations showed significantly higher permeation through the skin than AGO ethanolic solution. In conclusion, SNEDDS is a promising delivery system of AGO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anesthetic efficacy of two kinds of natural anesthetic Clove (Eugenia caryophyllatata) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) powders were evaluated on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for handling and health management experiments. The concentrations of anesthetics were assessed by using two types of clove and tobacco anesthetics; each with three replicates for measuring induction times to anesthesia. Concentrations of 100, 200, 250, and 350 mg/l at the ratio 1:1 of the aqueous extract of both Clove (Eugenia caryophyllatata) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) to evaluate their effect on common carp anesthesia were used. The aqueous extract anesthetized fish partially in the high levels. No significant differences appeared on blood glucose, ALP, ALT and AST among different levels of the anesthesia concentrations used. As the anesthesia concentration increased, the Red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction: The importance and benefits of breastfeeding for the babies and mothers are well established and documented in the literature. However, it is frequent that lactating mothers need to undergo general or spinal anesthesia and, due to the lack of information, many of them interrupt breastfeeding after anesthesia. There are limited data available regarding anesthetics transfer to breast milk. This review aims to develop some considerations and recommendations based on available literature. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted by using the following health science databases: Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The latest literature search was performed on April 6th, 2018. Additional literature search was made via the World Health Organization's website. We used the following terms for the search strategy: "Anesthesia" and "Breastfeeding", and their derivatives. Results: In this research, 599 registers were found, and 549 had been excluded by different reasons. Fifty manuscripts have been included, with different designs of studies: prospective trials, retrospective observational studies, reviews, case reports, randomized clinical trials, case–control, and website access. Small concentrations of the most anesthetic agents, are transferred to the breast milk; however, their administration seem to be safe for lactating mothers when administered as a single dose during anesthesia and this should not contraindicate the breastfeeding. On the other hand, high-doses, continuous or repeated administration of drugs increase the risk of adverse effects on neonates, and should be avoided. Few drugs, such as diazepam and meperidine, produce adverse effects on breastfed babies even in single doses. Dexmedetomidine seems to be safe if breastfeeding starts 24 h after discontinuation of the drug. Conclusions: Most of the anesthetic drugs are safe for nursing mothers and offer low risk to the breastfed neonates when administered in single-dose. However, high-dose and repeated administration of drugs significantly increase the risk of adverse effects on neonates. Moreover, diazepam and meperidine should be avoided in nursing women. Finally, anesthesiologists and pediatricians should consider individual risk/benefit, with special attention to premature neonates or babies with concurrent diseases since they are more susceptible to adverse effects.

Monogeneans are a serious threat to the development of aquaculture due to the severe economic losses they cause. The prevention and treatment of this disease are increasingly difficult because of the environmental and health concerns caused by the use of chemical anthelmintics and the emergence of drug resistance. It is thus necessary to search for effective alternatives for the treatment of monogenean infections. In the current study, anthelmintic efficacy of 16 selected essential oils (EOs) was investigated using the goldfish (Carassius auratus)–Gyrodactylus kobayashii model. The screening experiment indicated that palmarosa oil and curcuma oil had satisfactory anthelmintic activity against G. kobayashii with EC100 values of 10 and 12 mg/L after 24-h exposure, respectively. The in vivo and in vitro assays indicated anthelmintic efficacy of palmarosa oil against G. kobayashii was in a time and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, curcuma oil showed an anesthetic effect on G. kobayashii, and its anthelmintic activity was dose-dependent rather than time-dependent in the concentration range tested in this study. Additionally, the 24-h LC50 (50% lethal concentration) against goldfish of these two EOs was 8.19-fold and 5.54-fold higher than their corresponding EC50 (50% effective concentration) against G. kobayashii, respectively. Moreover, exposure to these two EOs at 100% effective concentration against G. kobayashii had no serious physiological and histopathological influence on goldfish. These results demonstrated a high safety for goldfish of these two EOs. Overall, palmarosa oil and curcuma oil could be potential candidates for the treatment of G. kobayashii infections in aquaculture.

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate Nd:YAG laser irradiation for its potential usefulness to achieve in vivo human pulp anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Thirteen faculty members from the Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine participated in this study, following review of the Nd:YAG laser irradiation test protocol by the University Human Subject Committee. Thirteen canines served as controls and 13 served for experimental tests. For heat application and measurement of pulpal response, an electrothermal stimulator was used (Unique Medical: UDH-104), which consisted of a heat probe and a pain thermometer. The buccal surface of each of control tooth was heated to 65°C with the tip of the heat probe, and each patient reported extreme sensitivity at that temperature. The gingivobuccal epithelium adjacent to each of the 13 experimental mandibular canines was coated with India ink and irradiated with an Nd:YAG laser for 30 s at 120 mJ, 10 pps. The degree of pulp sensitivity response was measured by the pain thermometer immediately before and after each Nd:YAG laser irradiation treatment Results: Temperature sensitivity threshold increased significantly after each laser irradiation treatment (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Conclusion: The thermal pain perception threshold level for each pulp was significantly increased immediately following Nd:YAG laser irradiation. After one week, the increased pain thresholds for each tooth returned to the pretreatment values. It is suggested that Nd:YAG laser irradiation has anesthetic effects on human pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Propofol and sevoflurane are commonly used anesthetic agents for maintenance anesthesia during radical resection of gastric cancer. However, there is a debate concerning their differential effects on cognitive function, anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing this procedure., Aim: To compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function, anxiety, depression, and organ function in patients undergoing radical resection of gastric cancer., Methods: A total of 80 patients were involved in this research. The subjects were divided into two groups: Propofol group and sevoflurane group. The evaluation scale for cognitive function was the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA), and anxiety and depression were assessed with the aid of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Hemodynamic indicators, oxidative stress levels, and pulmonary function were also measured., Results: The LOTCA score at 1 d after surgery was significantly lower in the propofol group than in the sevoflurane group. Additionally, the SAS and SDS scores of the sevoflurane group were significantly lower than those of the propofol group. The sevoflurane group showed greater stability in heart rate as well as the mean arterial pressure compared to the propofol group. Moreover, the sevoflurane group displayed better pulmonary function and less lung injury than the propofol group., Conclusion: Both propofol and sevoflurane could be utilized as maintenance anesthesia during radical resection of gastric cancer. Propofol anesthesia has a minimal effect on patients' pulmonary function, consequently enhancing their postoperative recovery. Sevoflurane anesthesia causes less impairment on patients' cognitive function and mitigates negative emotions, leading to an improved postoperative mental state. Therefore, the selection of anesthetic agents should be based on the individual patient's specific circumstances., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: We have no financial relationships to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of propofol combined with alfentanil in vocal cord polypectomy under suspension laryngoscopy., Methods: A total of 308 patients undergoing vocal cord polypectomy under suspension laryngoscopy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were included in this prospective study, and the patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Patients in the observation group received alfentanil combined with propofol, while those in the control group were anesthetized with sufentanil combined with propofol. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), real portfolio project (RPP), and Steward postanesthetic recovery scores were compared between the two groups before anesthesia induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min after intubation (T2), at the time of placing suspension laryngoscopy (T3), 1 min after placing the suspension laryngoscopy (T4), 1 min after extraction of support laryngoscope (T5), and 1 min after extubation (T6). In addition, the propofol dosage and peripheral plasma levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were also compared between the groups., Results: The MAP, HR, and RPP of the patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at T1-T5 (all P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference at T0 and T6 (all P>0.05). The Steward postanesthetic recovery scores and the propofol dosage in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the E and NE levels between the two groups after surgery (P<0.001). There was also an interaction effect between the groups and among the time points (both P<0.001)., Conclusion: Alfentanil can reduce the fluctuation of hemodynamics during vocal cord polypectomy under suspension laryngoscopy, and therefore improve anesthesia effect. Simultaneously, the usage of propofol was reduced, as well as the stress levels., Clinical Trial Number: ChiCTR2100054186., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2023.)

The objective was to determine biophysical differences between fast and slow motor axons using threshold tracking and demonstrate confounds related to anesthetic. Nerve excitability of motor axons innervating the slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was tested. The experiments were conducted with pentobarbital sodium (SP) anesthetic and compared with previous results that used ketamine-xylazine (KX). Nerve excitability indices measured with SP show definitive differences between TA and SOL motor axons that extend beyond previous reports. Nerve excitability indices sensitive to changes in Ih indicated an increase in SOL axons compared with TA axons [e.g., S3 t = 7.949 (df = 10), P < 0.001; hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus (90–100 ms), t = 2.659 (df = 20); P = 0.01; hyperpolarizing I/V slope, t = 4.308 (df = 19); P < 0.001]. SOL axons also had a longer strength-duration time constant [t = 3.35 (df = 20); P = 0.003] and a longer and larger magnitude relative refractory period [RRP (ms) t = 3.53 (df = 12); P = 0.004; Refractoriness at 2 ms, t = 0.0055 (df = 9); P = 0.006]. Anesthetic choice affected many measures of peripheral nerve excitability with differences most apparent in tests of threshold electrotonus and recovery cycle. For example, recovery cycle with KX lacked a clear superexcitable and late subexcitable period. We conclude that KX had a confounding effect on nerve excitability results consistent with ischemic depolarization. Results using SP revealed the full extent of differences in nerve excitability measures between putative slow and fast motor axons of the rat. These results provide empirical evidence, beyond conduction velocity, that the biophysical properties of motor axons vary with the type of muscle fiber innervated. These differences suggest that fast axons may be predisposed to dysfunction during hyperpolarizing stresses, e.g., electrogenic sodium pumping following sustained impulse conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to determine biophysical differences between fast and slow motor axons using threshold tracking and demonstrate confounds related to anesthetic. Nerve excitability of motor axons innervating the slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was tested. The experiments were conducted with pentobarbital sodium (SP) anesthetic and compared with previous results that used ketamine-xylazine (KX). Nerve excitability indices measured with SP show definitive differences between TA and SOL motor axons that extend beyond previous reports. Nerve excitability indices sensitive to changes in Ih indicated an increase in SOL axons compared with TA axons [e.g., S3 t = 7.949 (df = 10), P < 0.001; hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus (90–100 ms), t = 2.659 (df = 20); P = 0.01; hyperpolarizing I/V slope, t = 4.308 (df = 19); P < 0.001]. SOL axons also had a longer strength-duration time constant [t = 3.35 (df = 20); P = 0.003] and a longer and larger magnitude relative refractory period [RRP (ms) t = 3.53 (df = 12); P = 0.004; Refractoriness at 2 ms, t = 0.0055 (df = 9); P = 0.006]. Anesthetic choice affected many measures of peripheral nerve excitability with differences most apparent in tests of threshold electrotonus and recovery cycle. For example, recovery cycle with KX lacked a clear superexcitable and late subexcitable period. We conclude that KX had a confounding effect on nerve excitability results consistent with ischemic depolarization. Results using SP revealed the full extent of differences in nerve excitability measures between putative slow and fast motor axons of the rat. These results provide empirical evidence, beyond conduction velocity, that the biophysical properties of motor axons vary with the type of muscle fiber innervated. These differences suggest that fast axons may be predisposed to dysfunction during hyperpolarizing stresses, e.g., electrogenic sodium pumping following sustained impulse conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the anesthetic effect of bilateral femoral nerve block on the patients undergoing double knee arthroplasty and its effect on the serum inflammatory factor levels. 110 patients who underwent double knee arthroplasty in our hospital from October 2015 to October 2018 were randomly divided into two groups according to their admission order with 55 patients in each group. General anesthesia was used in the control group, and bilateral femoral nerve block combined with general anesthesia was used in the observation group. The changes of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (CRP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time between the two groups (P>0.05). The extubation time, recovery room retention time and recovery time of observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P<0.05). The serum IL-6 and CRP levels in both groups were higher at 24 h and 48 h after surgery than those before surgery, but the above indexes in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the DBP, SBP and HR levels between the two groups(P>0.05). The intraoperative DBP, SBP and HR levels of both groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P< 0.05), but the DBP, SBP and HR levels of study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the postoperative DBP, SBP and HR levels of both groups showed no statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Compared with general anesthesia alone, bilateral femoral nerve block can effectively improve the anesthetic effect of patients with double knee arthroplasty, and stabilize its serum inflammatory factors and hemodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the anesthetic effect of different concentration of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine on anorectal diseases during day surgery. Methods: A total of 123 patients with anorectal diseases, who underwent daytime operation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from May 2016 to May 2018, were selected and were randomly divided into group A, B and C (41 patients in each group). Group A was received dexmedetomidine with 0.375% ropivacaine 20 mL, group B, dexmedetomidine with 0.5% ropivacaine 20 mL, and group C, dexmedetomidine with 0.75% ropivacaine 20 mL. The analgesic effect after anesthesia was compared among the three groups. The respiratory and circulatory indexes before and 30 minutes after anesthesia were compared among the three groups. The blockade of sensory and motor nerves in the three groups were compared. Postoperative adverse reactions were recorded among the three groups. Results: The analgesia excellent and good rate of group B and group C was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the analgesia excellent and good rate between group B and group C (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) among the three groups before and 30 minutes after anesthesia (P> 0.05). The onset time of sensory nerve block in group B and C was shorter than that in group A, and group C was shorter than that in group B (P<0.05). The duration of sensory nerve block was longer in group B and C, and the group C was longer than the group B (P< 0.05). The number of Bromage score 1 in group B and C were less than those in group A, and group C was less than group B (P<0.05). The number of Bromage score 2 in group B and C were more than those in group A, but the group C was less than the group B (P<0.05). The number of Bromage score 3 in group C were more than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of Bromage score 4 among the three groups (P>0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in group C was higher than that in group A and group B (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between group A and group B (P>0.05). Conclusion: 0.5% and 0.75% ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine are better than 0.375% ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for anorectal diseases during day surgery, but the incidence of adverse reactions of 0.75% ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine are higher. 0.5% ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine is a more suitable anesthetic regimen for day operation of anorectal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]