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The Film 'Moxie' raises the issue of gender inequality between men and women. This film depicts teenage girls who dare to rebel against the inequality of androcentrism towards women and fight for gender equality in their school, which is still biased towards male norms. This research question concerns the critical discourse on the inequality of androcentrism between men and women in the Film 'Moxie'. What are the subject and object of the story? Betty Friedan's feminist theory uses the concept of androgyny as a reference because of the similarity in roles between men and women. Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis research method focuses on how women are presented in the text and divided based on the subject-object of the story and the viewer's position related to the issue of androcentrism inequality: critical research paradigm and qualitative descriptive approach. The results of these findings are, first, the inequality of androcentrism between men and women in this film, namely the presence of Misogyny, namely hatred and dislike of women, negative stereotypes, and double standards. Second, in the Film 'Moxie', the subject position of the story is Vivian, and the object position of the story is Vivian's female and male friends at Rockport High School and Principal Shelly. The viewer is positioned as the woman. Androcentrism means male-centered. Androcentrism refers to the pattern that everything related to men is the general guideline, while everything related to women is only an exception. The theoretical implications of this research strengthen the concept of androgyny and criticize the inequality of androcentrism for showing the distribution of equal roles in masculine and feminine characters simultaneously at various levels of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People tend to think of the prototypical person as a man more than as a woman, but this bias has primarily been observed in language-based tasks. Here, we investigated whether this bias is also present in the mental imagery of faces. A preregistered cross-cultural reverse-correlation study including participants from six WEIRD and non-WEIRD countries varying in gender equality (i.e., China, Ghana, Norway, Pakistan, Turkey, and the US; N = 645) unexpectedly suggested that people imagine the face of a generic "person" more as a woman than as a man. Replicating this unexpected result, a second preregistered study (N = 115) showed that U.S. participants imagine the face of a typical person as being more similar to their imagined face of a woman than of a man. We discuss explanations for these unexpected findings, including the possibility that the prototypical person is male-biased—consistent with previous work—but the default face may be female-biased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Film 'Moxie' raises the issue of gender inequality between men and women. This film depicts teenage girls who dare to rebel against the inequality of androcentrism towards women and fight for gender equality in their school, which is still biased towards male norms. This research question concerns the critical discourse on the inequality of androcentrism between men and women in the Film 'Moxie'. What are the subject and object of the story? Betty Friedan's feminist theory uses the concept of androgyny as a reference because of the similarity in roles between men and women. Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis research method focuses on how women are presented in the text and divided based on the subject-object of the story and the viewer's position related to the issue of androcentrism inequality: critical research paradigm and qualitative descriptive approach. The results of these findings are, first, the inequality of androcentrism between men and women in this film, namely the presence of Misogyny, namely hatred and dislike of women, negative stereotypes, and double standards. Second, in the Film 'Moxie', the subject position of the story is Vivian, and the object position of the story is Vivian's female and male friends at Rockport High School and Principal Shelly. The viewer is positioned as the woman. Androcentrism means male-centered. Androcentrism refers to the pattern that everything related to men is the general guideline, while everything related to women is only an exception. The theoretical implications of this research strengthen the concept of androgyny and criticize the inequality of androcentrism for showing the distribution of equal roles in masculine and feminine characters simultaneously at various levels of life.

The article discusses the communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity in terms of grammar and semantics. The research aims to analyze the communicative and functional orientation of femininity and masculinity, examining their relationship and/ or lack of correlation with feminine and masculine forms, and their manifestations in discursive practices. The article proposes distinguishing trends in contemporary feminization by diagnosing traditional- normative and gender-sensitive approaches to naming female individuals based on social status, profession, and title. Additionally, it seeks to determine the key factors driving public demand for the use of derived feminine forms. By comparing the functioning of feminine forms in the German language, the article identifies the main psychological, social, pragmatic, cognitive (including cognitive-behavioral and cultural-historical) factors that burden the national memory with noun forms for the nomination of female individuals in the modern Ukrainian language.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Three-Body Problem trilogy, a work by Cixin Liu, won the Hugo Award, making it the first Asian science fiction work to achieve this. The English translation of this trilogy has garnered significant attention from academics, emphasizing its literary significance. However, the androcentric and gender-biased expressions in the original text, as well as the subversive translation used to mitigate them, have received little attention. This mixed methods study, based on Theo Hermans' concept 'modalities of normative force' (1996), aims to examine the translation norms in this regard and discuss how these norms define the relation between source and target texts. The findings indicate that translators Ken Liu and Joel Martinsen were required to employ subversive translation norms to eliminate gender-biased content that might cause discomfort and aversion among the target audience. This highlights the importance of translators' subjectivity in balancing divergent social and cultural contexts during the translation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to investigate the existence of androcentrism in school textbooks used in the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It attempts to unveil potential implicit biases ingrained in the language of these textbooks. The data for this study is derived from a corpus comprising six textbooks, encompassing a variety of courses representing the GCC secondary level education systems. The employed methodological approach entailed content analysis, wherein categories were discerned directly from the textual data during a comprehensive examination of the textbooks. The established framework facilitated the classification of gendered linguistic references into three distinct categories: nouns, verbs, and pronouns. The principal findings highlight preferential representation of male students and, consequently, underrepresentation of female students, permeating almost the entire research corpus. Contrary to assumptions suggesting an intrinsic gender bias within the Arabic language, this investigation argues that the locus of androcentrism seems to be rooted in the authors of the scrutinized textbooks. This discernment contributes valuable insights challenging prevailing notions and accentuates the role of textbook authors in shaping linguistic biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our article titled, "How WEIRD and androcentric is sex research? Global inequities in study populations," we showed that the published sex research is dominated by male and WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) samples. The commentary on our article by Sakaluk and Daniel critiqued the dichotomous coding of WEIRD and non-WEIRD contexts. After acknowledging how the androcentric bias finding was disregarded in the whole discussion, we used this critique as an opportunity to expand our argument about the epistemic exclusion and invisibility of researchers and samples from the majority of the world in sex research. We think having this debate between two groups of researchers located at Western universities is at odds with our intention. Thus, we invited researchers from Global South countries to join the debate via a short survey, and expanded our recommendations from the original paper with the help of these voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The violence and discord of contemporary experience find resonance in Psalm 55. Awareness of multiple voices in the psalm reveals nuances in the rhetoric of violence and discord as microaggressions and acts of more explicit violence and abuse, including murder. Psalm 55 includes the language of taunt and insolence, what we sometimes refer to in contemporary parlance as gaslighting. The language of the sword represents not only war but intimate violence and abuse. The careful reader of Psalm 55 finds multiple voices in the ancient past that prefigure and amplify multiple voices in the conflicted present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We used college-level evolution textbooks to examine the presentation of sexual selection research—a field with ongoing debates related to sex, sexuality and gender identity. Many classic sexual selection concepts have been criticized for androcentrism and other forms of gender-sex bias, specifically for de-emphasizing the female role in reproductive behaviors and over-reliance on gender-sex binaries. These classic concepts are fundamentally captured in the idea that animal reproductive-related behaviors can be grouped in sex roles (e.g. competitive males and selective females). Recently developed alternative concepts provide a more nuanced understanding of the flexibility of sexual and reproductive-related behaviors, stemming in part from growing attention to a broader range of female behavior. To assess whether students are receiving content reflecting these insights, we measured the congruence between textbook content and the scientific literature, using insects as a case study because of the importance of this group in the development of sexual selection theory, its prevalence in current sexual selection research, and the number of insect examples included in textbooks. We first coded textbook content for sexual selection concepts. We used automated content analysis to analyze a database of citations, keywords and abstracts in sexual selection research published between 1990 and 2014, inclusive of the period covered by the textbooks. Results: The textbooks and research literatures prioritized the same taxa (e.g., fruit flies) and sex roles as embodied in classic sexual selection theory. Both the research literature and some textbooks acknowledge androcentrism and other forms of gender-sex bias in classic sexual selection paradigms, especially competitive male and selective female sex roles. Yet, while the research literature included alternative models, textbooks neglected these alternatives, even when researchers had studied both classic and alternative views in the same insect. Conclusions: We recommend using this kind of analysis of textbook content to engage students in a conversation around the social factors that impact knowledge construction, a key part of the epistemological understanding they need for a robust grasp of the Nature of Science and of evolutionary theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstrual imagery and embodied menstrual experiences are greatly modulated by androcentric biomedical systems. Given that menstruating is not only a biological phenomenon but also a sociocultural and political action, women and people who menstruate (PWM) must actively participate in redefining how menstruation and menstrual health are understood and addressed. Taking a situated knowledge perspective, this study aims to investigate how women and PWM conceptualize menstruation and menstrual health in the Barcelona area (Spain), to offer a critical reflection on how social meanings of menstruation and menstrual health may be embodied and shape the menstrual experiences of women and PWM in our context. A qualitative study with 31 women and 3 PWM was conducted, using semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews and framework analysis. Menstruation was often perceived and experienced as a burden, as it was seen as intrinsically linked to identity and stereotyped femininity. Menstrual health was strongly framed within a biomedical and androcentric lens. At the same time, some participants took a critical stance, highlighting the importance of body literacy and self-care. Definitions of menstruation and menstrual health should take into account how women and PWM experience and embody menstruation, to promote menstrual education and health in a way that responds to the needs of women and PWM. Challenging institutionalized ideas about menstruation could also support community-based actions and transform menstrual policymaking into participatory processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I critically analyse biomedical clinical studies and literature reviews regarding the physiological phenomenon known as female ejaculation to demonstrate a process by which androcentric bias, which positions the male body as the scientific 'standard human', produces what I term as knowledge-driven ignorance. I show how even though knowledge about female ejaculation has expanded, its biomedical ontological status remains vague and controversial. The production of ignorance in this case does not result from active erasure or concealment, but rather from unintentional disregard, and is a by-product of knowledge-creation itself. As such, it is not only the narration of the scientific story that has the power to abject and exclude certain bodies from culture, but also what is untold and unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity in terms of grammar and semantics. The research aims to analyze the communicative and functional orientation of femininity and masculinity, examining their relationship and/ or lack of correlation with feminine and masculine forms, and their manifestations in discursive practices. The article proposes distinguishing trends in contemporary feminization by diagnosing traditional- normative and gender-sensitive approaches to naming female individuals based on social status, profession, and title. Additionally, it seeks to determine the key factors driving public demand for the use of derived feminine forms. By comparing the functioning of feminine forms in the German language, the article identifies the main psychological, social, pragmatic, cognitive (including cognitive-behavioral and cultural-historical) factors that burden the national memory with noun forms for the nomination of female individuals in the modern Ukrainian language.

Copyright of Družboslovne Razprave is the property of Druzboslovne Razprave and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A plethora of discussion informs decolonising social work. However, how social work can be decolonised from women's perspective is still unexplored. Using the context of Nepal as a case study, this article theoretically explores 'the what', 'the why' and 'the how' of decolonising social work from women's standpoint. It is hoped this analysis will initiate and contribute to the critical debate on women, social work and decolonisation in Nepal and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last twenty years, the publication of original novels broadly categorized as "ecofiction" signals the emergence of a new sensibility in many cultures. The fil rouge running through these catastrophic scenarios seems to be the annihilation of men persecuted by unexpected predators: women and nature. This paper aims to investigate the trend reflected by these rebellious heroines allied with natural elements that occur systematically in numerous works of the Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk. Considering as examples some of the Polish author's novels, like Primeval and Other Times (1996), Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead (2009), and stories such as The Ugliest Woman in the World (2001) and Transfugium (2018), this article seeks to analyze these transgressive female characters through the theoretical approaches of ecocriticism, ecofeminism, and Monster Studies and highlight their challenge to the anthropocentric and androcentric viewpoints, aimed at liberating all minorities from oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androcentric beliefs perpetuate a worldview that men are the representative prototype of the species, to which women compare as deviant and faulty (Hibbs 2014). In the context of medicine, androcentrism persists in the examination of feminine and intersex anatomy as a physiological variant of the male sex, the usage of metaphors loaded with sexist symbols, and the historical justification of women as subordinate to men (Miqueo 1999). The historical consequences of androcentrism in 20th-century North American cardiac research were life-threatening and one-sided with impacts that ripple to the present. Unfortunately, medical research often turns a convenient blind eye to the basic standard of survival as the rationale for equity in research and practice. While significant work is underway to identify the parameters and solutions to androcentrism in clinical practice, millions of women experience the downsides of a historically accumulated dearth of clinical data for many cardiovascular conditions. This paper identifies the historical arguments and sociocultural biases of cardiovascular clinical trials and case studies in 20th century United States.

The theory of ecofeminism is all about drawing comparisons and connections between old as well as new forms of oppressions against women and the environment and it fights against all forms of injustices to make earth a better place to live. Animal liberation theorists not only highlight animal abuse through hunting, caging, butchering, testing, and experimenting but they are of the opinion that animals are abused and derogated through the patriarchal language as well. In this regard, this paper attempts to explore the anthropocentric use of language in Barbara Kingsolver’s “Prodigal Summer” so as to discuss the way the author highlights animal devaluation and depreciation in terms of language. Kingsolver draws readers’ attention towards animal devaluation through various tropes (mostly similes) to highlight animal abuse in her ecofeminist text. The paper will examine the ways in which characters derogate each other through association with different animals and birds and show how the use of language plays a great role in the devaluation and derogation of nonhuman world.

Within the sociocultural framework of sport, this research focuses on the androcentric hierarchy of mediated narratives in football. We explore the approach of these narratives from a gender and club level perspective. Specifically, we investigate the presence and role of female footballers in the discursive construction of professional clubs. To do so, we selected Athletic Bilbao as a case study, a pioneering club in the development of women’s football in Spain. The methodology employed is based on content analysis of the covers of four Spanish newspapers (As, Mundo Deportivo, El Correo, and Deia) over three complete seasons (2018/19, 2019/20, and 2020/21). A total of 357 covers published between August 2018 and June 2021 were collected. These covers correspond to the days when both the women’s and men’s teams of Athletic Bilbao played their respective league, cup, and super cup matches, as well as the immediately following day, known as the post-match day. The results are presented as an interdependent relational system in terms of information selection and omission at three levels: sequential, normative, and positional. Significantly, this system highlights the need to examine the content dedicated to both women and men. In the particular case of Athletic Bilbao, the recorded information clearly demonstrates a sexist relationality based on the underrepresentation, exceptionalization, and marginalization of women’s sports practices. These interpretations invite reflection on sports, particularly football, as a discursive field that reinforces the construction of narratives in which men are the social norm, the inevitable protagonists, while women are presented as social deviants, disposable antagonists.

The teaching of history in Argentina, has been characterized by its rote, nationalist, Eurocentric imprint (De Amézola, 2008, 2020, Finocchio, 2009, González, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) and a strong presence of hegemonic masculinities (Connell, 1997), in different versions, according to the time and space that is being studied. The relevance given to the male subject, from the "great men" and then from history "from below", contrasts with the low visibility that has been given to women, as actresses of the past, as well as dissidents. In this way, an androcentric disciplinary code was built and entrenched in school history. From this framework, and based on teaching voices, this paper analyzes the history taught, identifying changes and continuities, in order to map the scope and limitations of the history of women and gender.

Over the past 30 years, progress has been made in increasing women's representation in clinical research. However, women continue to be underrepresented in phase I clinical trials—those trials that test the safety and tolerability of investigational drugs, often on healthy individuals. As sex‐based differences in adverse drug reactions are often linked to drug dose, pivotal safety information in phase I trials is often insufficiently—and inequitably—captured for females. Yet there has been little attention to how clinical investigators and those charged with overseeing the ethical conduct of these trials perceive the barriers to women's inclusion in phase I trials. To address this gap, we report on 22 interviews with U.S. phase I investigators and institutional review board (IRB) members. Our findings indicate that although these investigators and IRB members acknowledged the importance of including women in clinical trials, they justified women's exclusion from phase I trials by citing the need to manage their reproductive potential. In particular, we identified four key themes that informants used to warrant women's exclusion from phase I trials: the structure of the drug‐development system itself, fears about risks to potential fetuses, distrust of women to prevent pregnancy, and concerns about risks and burdens to institutions from resulting pregnancies. We argue that these rationales reflect structural and cultural barriers to women's inclusion in clinical research that ultimately fail to respect female research participants as persons, highlighting the need for broad‐based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textbooks are important curricular tools used by educators to facilitate topic selection and content presentation in animal behaviour courses. However, textbooks also communicate what is accepted in the discipline and may even perpetuate misrepresentations of the science of animal behaviour. We focused on the topic of sexual selection to identify and examine any evidence of androcentric bias reflected in the images and their legends in undergraduate animal behaviour textbooks. We found that images emphasized males in active roles portraying classic examples (males compete and females choose) of sexual selection both in current textbooks and consistently through time. There were more images of males than females and males were pictured from lower angles, making them appear larger and more dominating compared to females. Females were more likely than males to be omitted from the legends of images picturing both females and males, and males were consistently described in active roles while females were described in passive or reactive roles. Although there was a tendency for more images to move beyond classic examples of sexual selection over time, overall, the images did not reflect the expansion of sexual selection theory observed in the scientific literature over the last half century. Taken as a whole, the body of images presents sexual selection during 2012–2019 as mainly consistent with the Darwin–Bateman paradigm while under-representing females and minimizing variation in reproductive-related behaviours for both females and males. The incomplete visual representation of the topic of sexual selection may communicate the concept of sex roles and an understanding of strict boundaries around the sexes that can impact science education outcomes as well as science theory and practice. • Textbooks shape what students learn about animal behaviour. • Images in textbooks communicate important explicit and implicit messages. • We examined androcentric bias in images and legends in animal behaviour textbooks. • Images revealed a focus on the classic understanding of sexual selection. • Images reflected an androcentric view of behaviours, reinforcing gendered stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper explores a series of articles in the literature which deal with impact biomechanics of the head and thorax/abdomen segments, investigating the "sex specific properties/data" used in the studies. Statements in these studies are analyzed and point out, the use of male or female subjects for the developments of finite element models and their validation against experimental data. The present analysis raises the question about "androcentrism," and how biomechanical engineering findings and the design of the derived protecting devices are focused on male subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the barriers to the recognition of gender-based persecution as grounds for asylum. It focuses on Spain and examines the rulings of Spanish courts on applications based on various types of gender violence between 2009 and 2019 and looks at the theoretical propositions of "the politics of silence". The paper proposes that these barriers can be attributed to the interweaving of androcentric and colonial frameworks that produce arbitrary representations of non-European women and their cultures. It also highlights the paradoxical way authorities deploy culturalisation strategies around female genital mutilation and forced marriage, treating them as "exotic" violence, in contrast to the strategies of invisibilisation and silence used with other types of gender-based violence, such as "intimate violence".

Within the sociocultural framework of sport, this research focuses on the androcentric hierarchy of mediated narratives in football. We explore the approach of these narratives from a gender and club level perspective. Specifically, we investigate the presence and role of female footballers in the discursive construction of professional clubs. To do so, we selected Athletic Bilbao as a case study, a pioneering club in the development of women's football in Spain. The methodology employed is based on content analysis of the covers of four Spanish newspapers (As, Mundo Deportivo, El Correo, and Deia) over three complete seasons (2018/19, 2019/20, and 2020/21). A total of 357 covers published between August 2018 and June 2021 were collected. These covers correspond to the days when both the women's and men's teams of Athletic Bilbao played their respective league, cup, and super cup matches, as well as the immediately following day, known as the post-match day. The results are presented as an interdependent relational system in terms of information selection and omission at three levels: sequential, normative, and positional. Significantly, this system highlights the need to examine the content dedicated to both women and men. In the particular case of Athletic Bilbao, the recorded information clearly demonstrates a sexist relationality based on the underrepresentation, exceptionalization, and marginalization of women's sports practices. These interpretations invite reflection on sports, particularly football, as a discursive field that reinforces the construction of narratives in which men are the social norm, the inevitable protagonists, while women are presented as social deviants, disposable antagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this world, women face a plethora of problems such as discrimination, violence, abuse and varied unequal treatment at home, at school, at the work place, at religious institutions and in wider society (Muriithi, 2000:12-13). Women discrimination in the church has been an area of great concern and reflection for many decades. The major challenges have inter alia been about the status, authority of women, ordination and inclusion of women in the decisionmaking bodies of the church. Such Issues including full participation and inclusion of women in church structures have been partially explored, but not convincingly exhausted (Muriithi, 2000:12-13). Such questions of a gender and women empowerment agenda in the Blantyre Synod have been pursued through the approach of engagement with women in all spheres of life. The study investigates, scrutinizes and analyses how the Blantyre Synod of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) has managed to engage women on a gender and ministry agenda from as early as 1876 CE to the present day in Malawi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wroclaw University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slavica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wroclaw University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Complutum is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper looks at the views or constructions of Chinese peranakan authors towards women in that era. Issues discussed: (1) how Peranakan authors narrate women in their works; (2) the reasons for the Chinese Peranakan authors in the 1950s-1960s to narrate women. This study uses the point of view of feminist literary criticism. The object of this research is the 1950-1960s short stories and the author's perspective on women. The data of this research is the narrative of short stories that describe the image of women, the author's social construction, and the idea of ​​androcentrism. The data interpretation technique follows the way of feminist literary criticism. The results of the study: (1) women are presented and controlled by men and are controlled by social construction; (2) the idea of ​​morality and the economic context becomes a construction that the author interprets through androcentrism; (3) morality is misinterpreted by male authors and women as victims who are silenced in the name of morality. It has resulted in women being unable to speak up and follow androcentrism in the name of tradition and the sacred concept of morality. Morality is misinterpreted as sexuality and borne by women.

Background: Available research suggests that menstrual inequity has an impact on (menstrual) health outcomes and emotional wellbeing. It is also a significant barrier to achieve social and gender equity and compromises human rights and social justice. The aim of this study was to describe menstrual inequities and their associations with sociodemographic factors, among women and people who menstruate (PWM) aged 18–55 in Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Spain between March and July 2021. Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were performed. Results: A total of 22,823 women and PWM were included in the analyses (Mean age = 33.2, SD = 8.7). Over half of the participants had accessed healthcare services for menstruation (61.9%). The odds for accessing menstrual-related services were significantly higher among participants with university education (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI, 1.13–1.95). Also, 57.8% reported having had partial or no menstrual education pre-menarche, with odds being higher among participants born in non-European or Latin American countries (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI, 0.36–0.93). Lifetime self-reported menstrual poverty was between 22.2–39.9%. Main risk factors for menstrual poverty were identifying as non-binary (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI, 1.32–2.11), being born in non-European or Latin American countries (aOR: 2.74, 95% CI, 1.77–4.24), and not having a permit to reside in Spain (aOR: 4.27, 95% CI, 1.94–9.38). Completed university education (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI, 0.44–0.84) and no financial hardship < 12 months (aOR: 0.06, 95% CI, 0.06–0.07) were protective factors for menstrual poverty. Besides, 75.2% reported having overused menstrual products due to lack of access to adequate menstrual management facilities. Menstrual-related discrimination was reported by 44.5% of the participants. Non-binary participants (aOR: 1.88, 95% CI, 1.52–2.33) and those who did not have a permit to reside in Spain (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI, 1.10-4.03) had higher odds of reporting menstrual-related discrimination. Work and education absenteeism were reported by 20.3% and 62.7% of the participants, respectively. Conclusions: Our study suggests that menstrual inequities affect a high number of women and PWM in Spain, especially those more socioeconomically deprived, vulnerabilised migrant populations and non-binary and trans menstruators. Findings from this study can be valuable to inform future research and menstrual inequity policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces miraculous narratives in The Biographies of Eminent Nuns (BQNZ) and The Further Biographies of Eminent Nuns (XBQNZ) and provides a comparative examination based on the relevant narratives in the above-mentioned collections and The Biographies of Eminent Monks (GSZ). First, this paper suggests that eminent nuns' miracles in the BQNZ seem to be more limited than those of their male contemporaries in the GSZ, which might reflect their comparatively limited agency in social engagements. Furthermore, the BQNZ's silence on the eminence of foreign nuns, in sharp contrast to the special attention afforded to foreign monks in the GSZ, might suggest androcentrism in both the Saṅgha and Chinese society. Second, the entries containing "intentionally performed miracles" in the BQNZ outnumber those in the XBQNZ in terms of the percentage of all entries and diversity. Moreover, in later records of the XBQNZ, most miracles are only related to death. This might point to the lower esteem that eminent nuns enjoyed during and after late imperial China, partly because of Buddhism's development and social status. Alternatively, this might have resulted from special social circumstances. Finally, this paper suggests that the androcentric inclination of the male compilers of the BQNZ and XBQNZ, or the sources on which the two collections are based, might have undermined eminent nuns' prominence in upholding and spreading Buddhism. Such an androcentric bias is reflected in their selective use and adaptation of the materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the barriers to the recognition of gender-based persecution as grounds for asylum. It focuses on Spain and examines the rulings of Spanish courts on applications based on various types of gender violence between 2009 and 2019 and looks at the theoretical propositions of "the politics of silence". The paper proposes that these barriers can be attributed to the interweaving of androcentric and colonial frameworks that produce arbitrary representations of non-European women and their cultures. It also highlights the paradoxical way authorities deploy culturalisation strategies around female genital mutilation and forced marriage, treating them as "exotic" violence, in contrast to the strategies of invisibilisation and silence used with other types of gender-based violence, such as "intimate violence". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From Curriculum Vitae parsing to web search and recommendation systems, Word2Vec and other word embedding techniques have an increasing presence in everyday interactions in human society. Biases, such as gender bias, have been thoroughly researched and evidenced to be present in word embeddings. Most of the research focuses on discovering and mitigating gender bias within the frames of the vector space itself. Nevertheless, whose bias is reflected in word embeddings has not yet been investigated. Besides discovering and mitigating gender bias, it is also important to examine whether a feminine or a masculine-centric view is represented in the biases of word embeddings. This way, we will not only gain more insight into the origins of the before mentioned biases, but also present a novel approach to investigating biases in Natural Language Processing systems. Based on previous research in the social sciences and gender studies, we hypothesize that masculine-centric, otherwise known as androcentric, biases are dominant in word embeddings. To test this hypothesis we used the largest English word association test data set publicly available. We compare the distance of the responses of male and female participants to cue words in a word embedding vector space. We found that the word embedding is biased towards a masculine-centric viewpoint, predominantly reflecting the worldviews of the male participants in the word association test data set. Therefore, by conducting this research, we aimed to unravel another layer of bias to be considered when examining fairness in algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kate Chopin's novel The Awakening explores the interconnection between animality and humanity by means of various bird metaphors. In the novel, Edna Pontellier's 'evolutionary' selfperception of birds, namely, 'the caged parrot', 'the pigeon' and 'the flying bird', not only signifies the unshackling of her animality through the arousal of innate animal instinct, but also embodies the establishing of her subjectivity as a human being. Illuminated by animality studies, this article argues that Edna's awakened animality is essentially her realisation of humanity, which not only breaks through the human-animal dichotomy underlying anthropocentric ideology, but also disrupts the manwoman dichotomy underlying patriarchal ideology. Thus, Edna's multi-dimensional awakening is conducive to promoting gender equality in the current post-human context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this world, women face a plethora of problems such as discrimination, violence, abuse and varied unequal treatment at home, at school, at the work place, at religious institutions and in wider society (Muriithi, 2000:12-13). Women discrimination in the church has been an area of great concern and reflection for many decades. The major challenges have inter alia been about the status, authority of women, ordination and inclusion of women in the decisionmaking bodies of the church. Such Issues including full participation and inclusion of women in church structures have been partially explored, but not convincingly exhausted (Muriithi, 2000:12-13). Such questions of a gender and women empowerment agenda in the Blantyre Synod have been pursued through the approach of engagement with women in all spheres of life. The study investigates, scrutinizes and analyses how the Blantyre Synod of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) has managed to engage women on a gender and ministry agenda from as early as 1876 CE to the present day in Malawi.

Introduction. Androcentrism as an initial ideological attitude largely determines both the content of classical philosophical texts and the approaches of researchers to their interpretation. Theoretical analysis. It is noteworthy that androcentrism of "West" and "East" rests on the same ideological postulates. Their identifi cation is the purpose of this work. The way to identify them is a consistent answer to the question of how, in principle, is androcentrism possible as an ideological position that displaces to the periphery of humanity that part of it that pays the price with its own health, pain, and sometimes even life itself for its physical reproduction? Conclusions. It was revealed that the basis of androcentric ideology is the patriarchal theory of birth postulating the importance of the «seed». It is based on the three interrelated postulates, which in terms of content are patriarchal ideas about a woman which are based on the denial of her as an integral and autonomous being. This negation also defi nes the structure of the "private" sphere, thus determining both the worldview of individuals and the structure of society as a whole. This work is recommended for consideration by those researchers who seek to comprehend society as such and patriarchal society as its modern form.

La Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible reconoce que la igualdad de género requiere de un enfoque que garantice no solo que niñas y niños obtengan acceso a los distintos niveles de enseñanza, sino que disfruten de las mismas oportunidades y competencias y sean empoderados a través la escuela. Desde la instauración de la democracia tras el franquismo, el Estado español se ha esforzado en poner fin a todas las formas de discriminación contra mujeres y niñas en el sistema educativo, prestando especial atención al androcentrismo contenido en los libros de texto. La presente investigación trata de revelar en qué medida los manuales empleados en la democracia española legitiman en sus discursos abusos de poder y discriminaciones de género al abarcar la figura y obra de autoras femeninas como referentes de la literatura universal. Para ello, se emplea el enfoque metodológico del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD), combinando diferentes modelos de análisis. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una anacrónica e ínfima inclusión de referentes literarios femeninos en el discurso escolar que margina injustamente a las mujeres del canon literario e impide la construcción de una genealogía femenina cultural compartida. Los libros de texto examinados silencian sistemáticamente los aportes, los atributos, los logros y el significado del legado literario de las mujeres en el desarrollo de la Humanidad. Por último, se discuten las implicaciones culturales, sociales y educativas que puede ocasionar la transmisión de un discurso androcéntrico en la construcción de la identidad de género del alumnado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we take syllabus and the required bibliography from a higher education curriculum as our corpus of discourse data. We aim to contribute to the discussion about asymmetries of gender in the divulgation of scientific knowledge. Our approach falls within the scope of critical discourse studies of institutionalized daily practices, which are naturalized and reassure social inequality in the academic field. We base our theoretical-methodological proposal on the concepts of androcentrism, depatriarchization, gender equality, and Latin American thought. Because of the situated genre concept, we apply analytical categories of lexicon, interdiscursivity, and intertextuality. Our analysis indicates forms of men authorship primacy and underrepresentation of women, besides subordination of the academic gender to the bureaucratic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous sociological studies indicate that the societal perception of women in Muslim countries is generally poor. These perceptions, argue the promulgators of such ideas, are based on the Qur'an. There is, nevertheless, no consensus on the interpretation of the qur'anic verses that supposedly promote such views. One of the main sources of negative perceptions of women is the Hellenistic learning that permeated the corpus of qur'anic commentaries. This article explores the influence of the translation movement on the exegetical tradition. There is a marked difference between the earliest qur'anic commentaries, written before the works of Aristotle and Galen were translated into Arabic by around 850 AD, and those that came after. While the former show relatively little in the way of androcentric interpretations of the Qur'an, the latter adopt Aristotelian and Galenic views of women's ontological inferiority due to increased coldness and wetness, and use these to justify patriarchal interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arenal.Revista de Historia de las Mujeres is the property of Arenal. Revista de Historia de las Mujeres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we elaborate an integrative framework of the gender order that considers gender as something simultaneously structurally outside of individual action and as constantly done through interaction. Combining a structural perspective with micro-interactionist accounts makes it possible to show how these mechanisms manifest themselves and how individuals engage with and concretely 'do gender' in situ. We focus on three mechanisms through which the gender order emphasizes difference and creates inequality: androcentrism, agentic masculinity, and female devaluation. We illustrate our elaboration of the gender order with empirical evidence from two dramatically different male-dominated employment settings, meat-processing and higher education, in Switzerland and Germany, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Introducción La salud y la inequidad menstrual no han sido bien atendidas en las esferas social, económica, sanitaria y política. Aunque la evidencia disponible es escasa, ya sugiere un vínculo entre experiencias de inequidad menstrual (relativa a las dificultades sistemáticas para el acceso a la salud y educación menstrual, productos menstruales y espacios de manejo menstrual, entre otros aspectos) y la salud menstrual. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las experiencias de salud e inequidad menstrual en mujeres y personas que menstrúan (18–55 años) en Barcelona y alrededores (España). Métodos Estudio cualitativo desde una perspectiva feminista crítica. El muestreo fue intencionado y selectivo. El reclutamiento se realizó en centros de salud sexual y reproductiva, redes sociales y a través de técnicas de bola de nieve. Se realizaron 34 entrevistas semi-estructuradas utilizando foto-elicitación, entre diciembre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo en centros de salud sexual y reproductiva, espacios públicos y por teléfono. Los datos se analizaron mediante Análisis Temático Reflexivo. Resultados Se identificaron tres categorías: “Descuido sistemático de la menstruation y el cycle menstrual”, “Candy “lo privacy” se vuelve public: manejo menstrual” y “Navegando la salad menstrual: entree la medicalización y la agencia”. Las participantes compartieron diversas experiencias de inequidad menstrual. Diversas participantes compartieron experiencias de pobreza menstrual, al no poder acceder o escoger productos menstruales debido a su precio y disponibilidad. Según las participantes, los aprendizajes menstruales son escasos. Estos suelen darse a través de la experiencia propia y el autoaprendizaje, o de familiares y amigas. La menstruación y el ciclo menstrual parecen tener un impacto significativo en el día a día, incluyendo el impacto de tener que ocultar la menstruación y las barreras para manejar la menstruación en los espacios públicos. Se identificaron barreras para acceder y utilizar el sistema sanitario. Las participantes también reportaron la prescripción sistemática de anticonceptivos hormonales como panacea para abordar la salud menstrual. Conclusiones Es necesario desarrollar e implementar políticas estructurales y multidimensionales para promover la agencia de las mujeres y personas que menstrúan, así como de las comunidades, para generar oportunidades para aprender sobre la menstruación, acceder a productos menstruales y servicios de atención sanitaria, así como a espacios adecuados para el manejo menstrual. Fomentar la formación de profesionales de la salud es también crucial para mejorar el acceso y la calidad de la servicios para la salud menstrual. Estas políticas deben incluir a las personas trans y no binarias, así como a poblaciones más vulnerables.