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Mastocytosis is a term encompassing a group of clinical disorders characterised by clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MCs) in organ systems of the body. Mastocytosis can be systemic (with or without skin involvement) or cutaneous, and can affect organs including bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and mucosal surfaces. Patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) are susceptible to triggers that could cause activation of abnormal MCs, resulting in multiorgan dysfunction and life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Mastocytosis has a number of ramifications for the dental management of a patient with the condition. Patients are at increased risk of complications due to a number of risk factors for MC activation present within the dental context, including stress, certain prescribed drugs, oral hygiene products and dental materials. This report presents the oral management of an adult with SM, discussing the implications of the condition within the context of the limited existing literature on the subject.

Construction waste especially material waste is one major concern for the construction projects and has important implications in terms of socioeconomic and environmental aspects for the country. Construction industry being largest consumer of raw materials derived from natural resources also produces high amount of material waste that negatively impacts the environment. The building industry alone in Malaysia has reportedly generated approximately 25,600 tonnes of construction and demolition wastes daily due to rapid development. Therefore, any means of reducing material waste will not only result in significant cost savings within the projects but also reducing the pressure on the landfills and ease environmental concerns dealing with such waste conversion and recycling; and reduction. This study examines the causes and prevention of material waste in the construction specifically the building industry through the principles of waste management available. Questionnaires survey is the main tool deployed for data collection. The average and relative index were used to analyse the various aspects of the data collected. Stages of works used for the study include the material handling and storage stage; procurement of material stage; usage and operation of the material stage; and the design and documentation stage. The results indicate that respondents are aware of the concept of waste management but lack of awareness on the availability of such guidelines. It is hopeful that this study can improve on waste management implementation in order to uptake the principle of reduce, recycle and reuse material waste so as to reduce construction costs, provide good savings to the end users and improve the level of productivity of the nation.

Carboxylic acids are attractive building blocks for synthetic chemistry because they are chemically stable, abundant, and commercially available with substantial structural diversity. The process of combining two carboxylic acids to furnish a ketone is termed ketonization. This is a potentially valuable transformation that has been underutilized in organic synthesis due to the harsh reaction conditions generally required and the lack of selectivity obtained when coupling two distinct carboxylic acids. We report herein a metallaphotoredox strategy that selectively generates unsymmetrical ketones via cross-ketonization of two structurally dissimilar carboxylic acids. Cross-selectivity is achieved by exploiting divergent reactivity of differentially substituted acids towards critical one- and two-electron processes in the proposed coupling mechanism. This method is broadly applicable to a variety of functionalized carboxylic acids. It can also be applied to acids of similar steric profile by exploiting differences in their relative rates of decarboxylation.

An enantioselective consecutive cyclization/coupling process, catalyzed by palladium is reported. Stereoinduction arises from an enantioselective carbopalladation, generating an intermediate which promotes a nucleopalladation step. The dual cyclization sequence was compatible with a variety of alkyne-tethered oxygen- and nitrogen-centered nucleophiles, and a variety of alkenyl-tethered aryl iodides, to forge numerous bisheterocycles in good yields and high regio- and enantioselectivities.

Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was employed as an additive for the generation of 3-(chloromethylene)oxindoles via the chloroacylation of alkyne-tethered carbamoyl chlorides. This reaction avoids the use of a metal catalyst and accesses products in high yields and stereoselectivities. Additionally, this reaction is scalable and proved amenable to a series of product derivatizations, including the synthesis of nintedanib. The reactivity of alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was harnessed towards the synthesis of 2-quinolinones.

Industrialized Building System (IBS) is one of the initiatives underpinning the green construction zeitgeist. A myriad of advantages can be associated with adopting IBS in construction, including inter alia, improved construction quality and productivity, minimisation of construction waste, optimisation of construction materials on-site, enhanced environmental sustainability, and many others. In spite of these advantageous propositions, there is exist a gap in the exposure towards IBS construction methods, particularly in the city of Kuching, Sarawak, as compared to more familiar conventional methods. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the issues and challenges experienced by contractors in their IBS endeavour as well as to propose a framework of solution. Moreover, this study investigated the impact of IBS adoption by G7 contractors registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) of Sarawak. Data of this study was collected via questionnaires distributed to the G7 contractors and subsequently analysed using descriptive and mean analysis. Results obtained from the study suggested that IBS construction method enhances the efficiency of construction for speedier completions, which recorded the highest ranking. Conversely, lowering the costs of construction through optimisation of materials registered the lowest ranking, suggesting that contractors do not necessarily perceive IBS as having a cost-saving ability. This study showed that IBS helps to improve the efficiency of the construction process. However, respondents were still uncertain that adopting IBS can reduce costs. This corresponds to the finding in which the most significant challenge perceived by the contractors was related to cost. This suggested a lack of integration between the different stakeholders, especially during the design stage, often resulting in the need for redesign works that required additional costs when IBS is to be adopted. In this regard, it was not a surprise to find that “promotions” obtained the top ranking as a solution in overcoming the IBS challenges. Hence, support from both the government and the private sector needs to be garnered and diligently promoted, so that the adoption of IBS in the Sarawak construction industry can be properly enhanced.

A cost related study for the offloading operations is an integral part of monetary risks assessment. The partially standing waves which occur between the gap of vessels are responsible for impacting the offloading operations in terms of downtime costs. This paper presents a downtime cost analysis of side-by-side offloading operations in Malaysian waters for regular waves addressing the influence of partially standing waves through a graphical user interface (GUI). The developed interface is explained and its work procedure is demonstrated in this paper. The downtime is studied for two sea-states, beam and heading seas for which the probability of occurrence was calculated from the location specific wave scatter distribution. The results of wave kinematics for partially standing waves influencing the offloading operation for side-by-side configuration are presented. The down-time cost analysis will help the oil operator companies to analyze the economic risks involved for field developments and anticipate the loss in revenue for down-time occurrences. Overall, an attempt to integrate the influence of gap between vessels with offloading operations and related cost is presented.

An ortho-amination, ipso-C-H arylation mediated by palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis is reported. This reaction proceeds through a sequential intermolecular C-N bond formation process followed by intramolecular C-H activation of a tethered arene. The products, aminated phenanthridinones, were generated in moderate to good yields. This method is also applicable to the formation of dibenzazepinones.

Organoboronates represent a cornerstone functional group in modern synthesis owing to their unique reactivity and divergent synthetic capability. Copper catalysis has become one of the most powerfu...

An asymmetric hydroarylative cyclization of enynes involving a C-H bond cleavage is reported. The cobalt-catalyzed cascade generates three new bonds in an atom-economical fashion. The products were obtained in excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities as single diastereo- and regioisomers. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction shows no intermolecular C-H crossover. This work highlights the potential of cobalt catalysis in C-H bond functionalization and enantioselective domino reactivity.

This work reports the enantioselective formal transfer of a carbamoyl iodide across a 1,1-disubstituted styrene using Ni-catalysis. Employing an air-stable Ni(II) precatalyst and a commercially ava...

Construction contractors’ (contractors) internal tendering procedures (ITP) face increasing governance obligations, either through corporate regulations, legislation and/or societal expectations. I...

Strategies to capitalize on enolate intermediates generated from stereoselective conjugate borylation to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl systems are surprisingly rare despite the ubiquity of Michael acceptors, and the potential to generate valuable scaffolds bearing multiple stereocenters. Herein, we report a mild and stereoselective copper-catalyzed conjugate borylation/Mannich cyclization reaction. This strategy is feasible with a broad range of Michael acceptors, and can be leveraged to generate versatile borylated tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds bearing three contiguous stereocenters. The synthetic potential of these complex heterocycles has been explored through a series of derivatization studies., Copper-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective conjugate borylation across Michael acceptors, with subsequent Mannich-type cyclization, was utilized to construct tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds containing three contiguous stereocenters.

Background: Malaysia has most of its oil reservoirs in the South China sea. The water depth ranges from 50 m to 200 m. The effects of ultra-shallow water are of prime importance in the exploration of marginal oil fields. Hence, there is an increasing demand for understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of FPSO in ultra-shallow water depths. Objective: A simulation study in both frequency-domain and time-domain analyses has been performed to understand the dynamic responses of a moored barge in varying shallow water depths. The objective of this study was to observe the transitional hydrodynamic behavior of the moored barge under varying shallow water depths. Methods: The moored barge was administered under regular and irregular waves. Operating conditions for irregular waves in terms of significant wave height and peak time period were incorporated from PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS). The wave-body interactions and mooring effects have been numerically modelled using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and simulation software (ANSYS AQWA) successfully. In order to gain confidence in the simulation software, additional experimental validation was performed for a FPSO model. Results: Though the barge was primarily free to rotate in all Degrees Of Freedom (DOF), however, only three DOFs were considered for our study; viz, heave, roll and yaw respectively. The force spectral density, cable RAO’s in addition to the time series of cable forces, along with the effect of significant motions on the mooring cables behavior have been discussed. Conclusion: In irregular beam sea state, the significant motions in ultra-shallow water were greater than that for deep waters, this was primarily the main reason for higher cable responses in ultra-shallow water.

In this study a novel microsimulation-based methodology for environmental assessment of urban systems is developed to address the performance of autonomous mass-mobility against conventional approaches. Traffic growth and microsimulation models, calibrated using real data, are utilised to assess four traffic management scenarios: business-as-usual; public bus transport case; public-bus rapid transit (BRT) case; and, a traffic-demand-responsive-autonomous-BRT case, focusing on fuel energy efficiency, headways, fleet control and platooning for lifecycle analysis (2015–2045) of a case study 3.5 km long 5-lane dual-carriageway section. Results showed that both energy consumption and exhaust emission rates depend upon traffic volume and flow rate factors of vehicle speed-time curves; acceleration-deceleration; and braking rate. The results measured over-reliance of private cars utilising fossil fuel that cause congestions and high environmental footprint on urban roads worsen causing excessive travel times. Public transport promotion was found to be an effective and easy-to-implement environmental burden reduction strategy. Results showed significant potential of autonomous mass-mobility systems to reduce environmental footprint of urban traffic, provided adequate mode-shift can be achieved. The study showed utility of microsimulations for energy and emissions assessment, it linked bus network performance assessment with environmental policies and provided empirical models for headway and service frequency comparisons at vehicle levels. The developed traffic fleet operation prediction methodology for long-term policy implications and tracking models for accurate yearly simulation of real-world vehicle operation profiles are applicable for other sustainability-oriented urban traffic management studies.

An enantioselective consecutive cyclization/coupling process, catalyzed by palladium is reported. Stereoinduction arises from an enantioselective carbopalladation, generating an intermediate which promotes a nucleopalladation step. The dual cyclization sequence was compatible with a variety of alkyne-tethered oxygen- and nitrogen-centered nucleophiles, and a variety of alkenyl-tethered aryl iodides, to forge numerous bisheterocycles in good yields and high regio- and enantioselectivities.

A diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of boron-containing cyclobutanols is reported. We exploit an enantioselective borylcupration to generate a chiral benzylic copper intermediate that is in...

Life-cycle management of road network projects traditionally emphasise material production and construction stages, with less attention given to usage stage and functionality improvement. Increasingly there is a need to address: inconsistencies in cost attribute selection; adjusting for uncertainties and costs; clarifying system boundaries; data sources; functional units and regional or temporal applicability of life-cycle frameworks. The current study focuses on a critical literature review of life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) research published in the last decade (post 2008) towards identification of research gaps. Accurately analysing all life-cycle stages, feedback loops, future cash and resource flows, and interlinking performance with overall sustainability can aid the decision-making process towards sustainable alternatives for constructing new, or rehabilitating existing roads. This review finds that the use of recycled materials, base/sub-base stabilisers and asphalt binder replacement has the potential of energy saving (≥34% or 3.1 TJ), mitigating landfill disposal issues, and greenhouse gas load reduction (≥34.5% CDE). Lack of real world LCCA-LCA application and stakeholder prejudice against recycled material usage are addressable by better stakeholder (decision-makers and road users) engagement via a social component. The proposed enhancements identified in this study can increase LCA/LCCA attraction to policy-makers, planners and users and ultimately ensure a more sustainable asset.

Design, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation of mass mobility projects require holistic environmental, energy and monetary action; transit solutions depend on public authorities’ influence over user-adoptability and sustainability. New technically advanced automated vehicles (AVs) and alternate fuel technology require consideration by planners, where such urban-settlement transportation systems are increasingly charged to be efficient, reliable, interconnected traffic pathways marked by in-out nodes able to direct people effectively. Prototype mass-transit alternative(s) choice is complex, with the infrastructure decisions largely bound to the different objectives of consumers, policy and government agencies. Three factors must be considered: user-stakeholder appraisal; and both environment; and, economic factors during the entire asset life-cycle of production, construction, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation (OMR (ii) the life-cycle cost and environmental in/out-flows for any proposed holistic AV-based alternative(s) assessed against existing systems; and, (iii) stakeholder expert-opinion involvement through a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework assigning weightage to cost, energy and emissions. Towards this, user-preference data collected from intra-city bus passengers in Abu Dhabi notes a majority of passengers as full-time workers, in which the notion of reduced fare level and an increased network coverage was not homogenously supported, thus it is argued that municipal agency and policy-makers need to target work commutes supported by innovative solutions to enhance user-experience by reducing journey time and fluctuating service frequency around office hours. It is suggested that regional road transport system energy, cost and emission issues may be resolved by using the proposed framework that builds upon life-cycle impact strategies integrated directly into decision-analyses. It’s argued that decision-making frameworks, if they are to be successfully implemented, must allow ongoing feedback loops included in this framework.

International audience; The synthesis of a broad variety of hetero- and carbocyclic scaffolds via a Pd-catalyzed domino Heck/SO¬2 insertion reaction is reported. This reaction utilizes DABSO, a safe and easy-to-handle alternative to SO2 gas. The reaction pro-ceeds through a sulfinate intermediate, which can act as a lynchpin for the in-situ generation of sulfones, sulfona-mides, and sulfonyl fluorides. Good yields and scalability are demonstrated

We report a cobalt-catalyzed hydroacylation of 1,6-enynes with exogenous aldehydes in a domino sequence to construct enantioenriched ketones. The products were obtained in good yields with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the chiral products served as valuable precursors to access complex spirocyclic scaffolds with three contiguous stereocenters. The asymmetric hydroacylation process exhibited no C-H crossover and no KIE, thus indicating that the C-H bond cleavage was not involved in the turnover-limiting step.

A method for the palladium-catalyzed disilylation and digermanylation of aryl halides bearing a tethered alkene has been developed. The mechanism is thought to proceed via Heck-type cyclization, fo...

The residential building sector regularly satisfies a diverse range of housing needs whilst addressing respective capital-cost considerations. Designers and builders must also be aware of the environmental implications of their design specifications; the work here adds to a body of knowledge concerned with carbon footprint and embodied energy demand, specifically through an examination of alternative roof-covering materials. A life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out, within a West Australian context, to compare impacts for the roof specification options of: clay tile; concrete tile; and sheet metal. In locations where recycling facilities are unavailable and thus disregarded, it is found that clay tiles have the lowest carbon footprint of 4.4 t of CO2 equivalent (CO2e-) and embodied energy demand of 52.7 Mega Joule (MJ) per 100 m2, while sheet-metal roofing has the highest carbon footprint (9.85 t of CO2e-), with concrete roof tiles having the highest embodied energy demand (83 MJ). Findings confirm that a sheet-metal roof can obtain significant carbon and embodied energy saving benefits (i.e. 71–73%) compared to clay tile or concrete roof covers through ongoing encouragement of recycling strategies and increased local recycling facilities able to embrace residual cradle-to-cradle material reuse.

An enantioselective copper-catalyzed intramolecular borylacylation is reported. The reaction proceeds through an initial enantioselective borylcupration of the styrene, followed by a nucleophilic attack on the tethered carbamoyl chloride. The products, chiral borylated 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles, were generated in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The versatile carbon-boron bond provides a platform for a wide array of diversification.

Ocular toxicities are among the most common adverse events resulting from targeted anticancer agents and are becoming increasingly relevant in the management of patients on these agents. The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for management of these challenging toxicities based on objective data from FDA labels and from analysis of the literature. All oncologic drugs approved by the FDA up to March 14, 2015, were screened for inclusion. A total of 16 drugs (12 small-molecule drugs and 4 monoclonal antibodies) were analyzed for ocular toxicity profiles based on evidence of ocular toxicity. Trials cited by FDA labels were retrieved, and a combination search in Medline, Google Scholar, the Cochrane database, and the NIH Clinical Trials Database was conducted. The majority of ocular toxicities reported were low severity, and the most common were conjunctivitis and “visual disturbances.” However, severe events including incidents of blindness, retinal vascular occlusion, and corneal ulceration occurred. The frequency and severity at which ocular toxicities occur merits a more multidisciplinary approach to managing patients with agents that are known to cause ocular issues. We suggest a standardized methodology for referral and surveillance of patients who are potentially at risk of severe ocular toxicity.

A palladium-catalyzed, norbornene-mediated ortho- and ipso-C-N bond-forming Catellani reaction is reported. This reaction proceeds through a sequential intermolecular amination followed by intramolecular cyclization of a tethered amide. The products, ortho-aminated dihydroquinolinones, were generated in moderate to good yields and are present in bioactive molecules. This work highlights the challenge of competing intra- vs intermolecular palladium-catalyzed processes.

Within a wider research programme into the effectiveness and efficiency of the tendering procedures of construction contractors (CCs), a content analysis of tender research published in 27 journals between 2010 and 2016 found that CC tendering procedure research remains a low-focus area. CC-related tender research commonly focuses on factors influencing ‘bid/no-bid’ and markup decisions, often combined with developed decision modelling. Comparing the content analysis results with semi-structured interviews with 20 Australian civil engineering CCs (including some of Australia’s largest contractors, and with eight involved in international operations), it was found that the industry remains largely unaware and unsupportive of such developed tender decision tools. Instead, CCs suggest tender research should focus on efficient tendering procedures, encouraging clients to use standard rather than bespoke contracts, and improved quality and risk transfer in tender documents. The combined semi-structured interview findings and content analysis results provide researchers with contemporary tender research themes that civil engineering CCs, and potentially more general contractors, are more likely to embrace, thereby advancing the efficiency of construction tendering and contractors’ work procurement management.

There has been limited research that has examined how the public sector can guarantee their major capital projects are delivered within budget. A Strategic Asset Management Framework (SAMF) develop...

We aimed to determine if the implementation of Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) training improved the quality of real-life telephone communication. We evaluated interfacility neonatal and pediatric transports performed by registered nurses, respiratory therapists, and physicians (MDs).This was a quality improvement study performed to evaluate telephone communication before and after SBAR training. Training consisted of lectures, review of audio files, and simulated role-playing. Recorded audio files of real-life transports were evaluated for clarity and content by 3 raters using a standardized scoring tool.Ninety-four and ninety-three calls were evaluated before and after the intervention, respectively. The total item scores were higher posttraining (mean ± standard deviation [pre: 15.06 ± 2.60, post: 17.60 ± 2.61], P .001). Global rating scores ≥ 4 were higher in the posttraining group (pre: 50.0% vs. post: 66.7%; P = .02; odds ratio = 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.97). There was no significant difference in the duration of calls (mean ± SD [pre: 9.29 ± 4.59 minutes, post: 9.70 ± 4.65 minutes). In subgroup analysis, the total item score was significantly improved posttraining for registered nurses and respiratory therapists but not MDs.Standardized SBAR training was effective in improving telephone communication by RNs and RTs. The inclusion of SBAR training routinely within the educational curriculum of transport programs can enhance communication.

// Chen Fu 1 , Dan S. Gombos 5 , Jared Lee 2 , Goldy C. George 3 , Kenneth Hess 4 , Andrew Whyte 5 and David S. Hong 3 1 Department of Internal Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10016, USA 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA 3 Department of Phase I Clinical Trials, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA 4 Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA Correspondence to: David S. Hong, email: dshong@mdanderson.org Keywords: targeted, cancer, ocular, toxicity, management Received: September 20, 2016 Accepted: March 16, 2017 Published: May 05, 2017 ABSTRACT Ocular toxicities are among the most common adverse events resulting from targeted anticancer agents and are becoming increasingly relevant in the management of patients on these agents. The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for management of these challenging toxicities based on objective data from FDA labels and from analysis of the literature. All oncologic drugs approved by the FDA up to March 14, 2015, were screened for inclusion. A total of 16 drugs (12 small-molecule drugs and 4 monoclonal antibodies) were analyzed for ocular toxicity profiles based on evidence of ocular toxicity. Trials cited by FDA labels were retrieved, and a combination search in Medline, Google Scholar, the Cochrane database, and the NIH Clinical Trials Database was conducted. The majority of ocular toxicities reported were low severity, and the most common were conjunctivitis and “visual disturbances.” However, severe events including incidents of blindness, retinal vascular occlusion, and corneal ulceration occurred. The frequency and severity at which ocular toxicities occur merits a more multidisciplinary approach to managing patients with agents that are known to cause ocular issues. We suggest a standardized methodology for referral and surveillance of patients who are potentially at risk of severe ocular toxicity.

Offloading operations involves transfer of oil or gas from the Floating Production Storage and Offloading system (FPSO’s) to a nearby stationed shuttle tanker. The hydrodynamic interaction between the FPSO and shuttle tanker is an important subject of study. The actual estimate of the vessels behavior is necessary for offloading operation. This paper aims to study the hydrodynamic behavior of side-by-side stationed vessels for offloading operations. The investigation of hydrodynamic behavior is achieved through a diffraction module of ANSYS. The present study includes studying the motion responses and drift forces of side-by-side configured FPSO and shuttle tankers in three different water depth. The obtained results are found consistent with the published work.

The side-by-side configuration of a shuttle tanker undergoes more complex hydrodynamic behavior. This is more critical in extreme weather conditions. The gap between the FPSO and shuttle tanker adds to complexity of hydrodynamic behavior. Past studies have been performed to understand the gap resonance and other behavior of water column between the FPSO and shuttle tanker. This paper aims to study the effect of partially standing waves on the offloading operation, which occurs between the gap of FPSO and shuttle tanker pertaining to different encountering time period of waves for shuttle tanker. The velocity potential and wave kinematics of partially standing waves are derived and subsequently the different percentage of reflected wave height on the wave kinematics are studied. The objective of studying the influence of partially standing waves offloading operation is achieved by studying two types of waves as moderate and extreme waves. The higher wave height affects the kinematics of waves between the vessels. Also, the higher percentage of reflected wave height contributes to greater kinematics of waves. The conclusions of study and scope of future work is presented at the end.

An enantioselective borylative cyclization cascade utilizing cyclic imides has been developed. We employ a highly enantioselective borylcupration process that includes a 1,2-addition to a cyclic imide. The products contain a valuable hemiaminal and boronate handle for further elaborations within a congested framework. This work demonstrates the utility of cyclic imides as simple precursors to unlock access to sought-after polycyclic indolines. Futhermore, this report highlights the capability to harness reactive catalytic intermediates to exploit otherwise unreactive functional groups.