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Dentre muitas patologias, atualmente a obesidade apresenta uma significativa prevalência no Brasil e no mundo. Considerada uma doença crônica que resulta no aumento de gordura, proveniente de um desequilíbrio no balanço energético, que vem acometendo crianças e adolescentes causando graves consequências cardiovasculares, metabólicas e psicossociais. Este estudo tem objetivo de promover uma reflexão teórica sobre a obesidade infantil e identificar os aspectos gerais associados a esta patologia, destacando aspectos epidemiológicos, etiológicos, consequências e tratamento, considerando a importância da atividade física (AF). Durante a revisão da literatura, construindo os objetivos deste estudo, alcançamos alguns pilares na compreensão da doença, em que se verificou a importância de uma equipe multidisciplinar, promovendo a saúde e prevenir a doença, o que implica a alteração de hábitos de vida, como também os fatores culturais, sociais e ambientais.

No Brasil, a obesidade é um dos mais alarmantes problemas nutricionais na infância e vida adulta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a postura dos membros inferiores de crianças de 6 a 9 anos, comparando os resultados das crianças eutróficas com as obesas. Inicialmente as medidas de peso e altura foram feitas para determinação do índice de massa corporal; a avaliação postural foi realizada com fotografias digitais e com o auxílio do programa Corel Draw 10. Nos joelhos valgos, foram observadas as distâncias intermaleolares, e calculado o ângulo Q, para determinação dos alunos com alterações de valgismo do joelho. A avaliação dos pés planos foi realizada através da sua impressão no pedígrafo e posteriormente, realizado o cálculo do índice de Schipaux-Smirak para a determinação destas alterações. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o software Stata, através dos testes de qui-quadrado, exato de Fischer, Kruskal-Wallis, considerando um nível de significância de p

Adiponectin is considered a biomarker of health status, and high levels are associated with good health. Science discusses the results on the effects of physical activity on increasing adiponectin levels, especially in child with obesity. The scope of the present study was to evaluate a physical exercise intervention program, after 10 months of duration, in the plasma concentration of adiponectin in students from six to nine years of age with overweight and obesity. This is a randomized clinical study of a near-experimental intervention of the type before and after. The physical exercise resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of body fat (%BF) and triglycerides. Adiponectin there was a non-significant increase. The present study showed that the practice of physical exercise did not increase adiponectin levels, but was responsible for a great improvement in the children lipid profile and reduction in %BF. La adiponectina se considera un biomarcador del estado de salud y los niveles altos se asocian con una buena salud. La ciencia discute los resultados sobre los efectos de la actividad física en el aumento de los niveles de adiponectina, especialmente en niños con obesidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar un programa de intervención de ejercicio físico, después de 10 meses de duración, en la concentración plasmática de adiponectina en escolares de seis a nueve años con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos. Este es un estudio clínico aleatorizado de una intervención casi experimental del tipo antes y después. Resultados. El ejercicio físico resultó en una reducción significativa del porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) y triglicéridos. Adiponectina hubo un aumento no significativo. Conclusión. El presente estudio mostró que la práctica de ejercicio físico no aumentó los niveles de adiponectina, pero fue responsable de una gran mejoría en el perfil lipídico de los niños y una reducción del %GC. A adiponectina é considerada um biomarcador do estado de saúde, e níveis elevados estão associados à boa saúde. A ciência discute os resultados sobre os efeitos da atividade física no aumento dos níveis de adiponectina, principalmente em crianças com obesidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar um programa de intervenção de exercício físico, após 10 meses de duração, na concentração plasmática de adiponectina em escolares de seis a nove anos de idade com sobrepeso e obesidade. Trara-se de um estudo clínico randomizado de intervenção quase experimental do tipo antes e depois. O exercício físico resultou em redução significativa no percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) e triglicerídeos. Houve um aumento não significativo para adiponectina. O presente estudo mostrou que a prática de exercício físico não aumentou os níveis de adiponectina, mas foi responsável por uma grande melhora no perfil lipídico das crianças e redução do %GC.

Introduction: Child obesity has important consequences on the child’s health and is related to the risk of developing chronic diseases. That brings up the need for research assessing the impact of obesity - and overweight - reduction programs with close attention to methodology aspects and precise indicators of the impact of such programs. Goal: Assessing the impact of a physical activity program on the plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Methods: Randomized controlled trial, double-blind, with 6- to 9-year-old overweight and obese school- children. A sample of 79 schoolchildren ran- domly distributed into control and intervention groups was subjected to a physical activity program. The levels of adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, body mass index, body fat percentage, an- thropometry, lipid profile and glycemia were evaluated. The program’s impact was assessed through multivariate linear regression models. Result: When comparing the groups, a significant difference was found for adiponectin, which shows an increase in the proportion of subjects with higher adiponectin concentrations for the intervention group and a reduction in body mass index and body fat percentage. Conclusion: The impact of the intervention program was positive in increasing adiponectin levels associated with a reduction in body mass index and body fat percentage.

The aim of this study was to gather information on the use of stable isotopes to measure total body water and body composition scan in children. We selected studies in the last 13 years, in addition to classical studies on the subject, indexed in the database PubMed, LILACS, BVS and SciELO. The body composition was characterized by the amount of bone tissue, muscle and adipose tissue, also including the organs as well as levels of body water. Your knowledge becomes increasingly important in light of the changes that occur in the nutritional status of various types of diseases in frameworks, such as diabetes mellitus, protein energy malnutrition, in cases of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The ability to accurately assess body fat mass especially in children is associated with the importance of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Historically, in addition to clinical applications, measurements of total body water were used to determine body composition in nutritional studies. To the knowledge of the body composition, the body water can be measured and used by the ingestion of a dose of labeled water. The measured isotope enrichment is a function of the amount of body water. The method of deuterium is particularly interesting for the assessment of body composition in children, due to its characteristics of collection and analysis.

Objective: To correlate different methods of body composition assessment in overweight or obese schoolchildren, using deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution as a reference. Methods: Percentage of total body water (%TBW), fat free mass (%FFM), and body fat (%BF) were assessed by D2O and tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in 54 obese and overweight students aged 6–9 years. Skinfold thickness (ST), body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio were also used. Results: Mean values for body composition were 38.4% ± 8.4% BF, 44.9% ± 6.1% TBW and 61.6% ± 8.4% FFM. There was no significant difference in body weight, body fat mass (FM), TBW, and FFM between genders. Regarding D2O, ST underestimated %BF, and overestimated %FFM in both genders (p

Objective Evidence-based practice requires access to systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials; however, most literature databases index primarily English-language journals. We sought to determine the extent and quality of Portuguese- and Spanish-language reports of randomized trials relevant to physiotherapy by searching the LILACS database (Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude). A secondary aim was to compare the sensitivity of three strategies for searching for Portuguese- and Spanish-language randomized trials in physiotherapy. Study design and setting The LILACS database was searched for randomized trials using three search strategies. Results Three search strategies returned 5,262 records, of which only 47 were randomized trials. Most trials reported treatments for pain or cardiopulmonary disease, and most were of moderate to high quality. The sensitivity of the three search strategies varied from 2% to 53%. Conclusion A small number of moderate- to high-quality randomized trials in physiotherapy are published in Spanish and Portuguese languages, but they are difficult to find.

BACKGROUND: People with low back pain (LBP) with higher levels of external locus of control have a poorer prognosis and require greater improvements from active interventions in order to consider these interventions worthwhile. Whether locus of control levels differ between participants with LBP in a patient-health provider relationship and those waiting for treatment is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate if differences in locus of control exist between participants with non-specific chronic LBP being treated (treatment group) and those waiting treatment (control group). METHODS: 100 participants (50 per group) with low back symptoms for at least three months for the current episode of LBP and aged between 18 and 60 years were recruited. Multidimensional health locus of control questionnaire (MHLC) was used to collect their beliefs. Multiple linear regression adjusted for disability was used to compare health locus of control between both groups. Differences were described as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Treatment group scored higher for external locus of control and lower for internal locus of control than control group. Mean differences (95% confidence intervals) were 2.7 points on possible 30-points difference (0.5 to 4.8) for external locus of control and -2.8 points (-5.4 to -0.1) for internal subscale. CONCLUSION: Health locus of control was found to be different between treatment and control groups. Participants being treated had higher external locus of control and lower internal locus of control than control group. CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Pessoas com dor lombar com altos níveis de lócus de controle externo têm piores prognósticos e necessitam de melhores intervenções ativas, uma vez que elas são consideradas mais valiosas. Se os níveis de lócus de controle diferem entre os participantes com dor lombar e aqueles que esperam o tratamento, a relação do atendimento-paciente não está clara. OBJETIVO: Investigar se existem diferenças no lócus de controle entre os indivíduos com dor lombar crônica em tratamento (grupo tratamento) e aqueles que esperam tratamento (grupo controle). MÉTODOS: Cem participantes (50 por grupo) com sintomas lombares por pelo menos três meses, com um episódio atual de dor lombar e com idades entre 18 e 60 anos foram recrutados. O Questionário Multidimensional de Lócus de Controle da Saúde (MHLC) foi usado para coleta das crenças dos participantes. Realizou-se uma regressão linear múltipla ajustada para incapacidade e para comparação do lócus de controle entre os grupos. As diferenças foram descritas com médias e intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: O grupo tratamento teve escore mais alto para o lócus de controle externo e mais baixo para o lócus de controle interno quando comparado com o grupo controle. As diferenças médias (intervalo de confiança de 95%) foram 2,7 pontos em possível diferença de até 30 pontos (0,5 a 4,8) para lócus de controle externo e -2,8 pontos (-5,4 a -0,1) para lócus de controle interno. CONCLUSÃO: O lócus de controle da saúde encontrado para o grupo tratamento e o controle foi diferente. Os participantes em tratamento tinham um alto lócus de controle externo e um baixo lócus de controle interno quando comparados com os do grupo controle.